EP0868833B1 - High-pressure discharge lamp with an auxiliary ignition electrode as well as circuitry and process for operation - Google Patents

High-pressure discharge lamp with an auxiliary ignition electrode as well as circuitry and process for operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0868833B1
EP0868833B1 EP97910250A EP97910250A EP0868833B1 EP 0868833 B1 EP0868833 B1 EP 0868833B1 EP 97910250 A EP97910250 A EP 97910250A EP 97910250 A EP97910250 A EP 97910250A EP 0868833 B1 EP0868833 B1 EP 0868833B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
pressure discharge
discharge lamp
transformer
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97910250A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0868833A1 (en
Inventor
Günther Hirschmann
Stefan Müller
Matthias Mengele
Christian Wittig
Bernd Lewandowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of EP0868833B1 publication Critical patent/EP0868833B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H05B41/2882—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter
    • H05B41/2883—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter the controlled element being a DC/AC converter in the final stage, e.g. by harmonic mode starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having a starting switch
    • H05B41/19—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having a starting switch for lamps having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/382—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase
    • H05B41/384—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase in case of hot-restriking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 and a lighting system with a high-pressure discharge lamp and a Control gear for the high pressure discharge lamp.
  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operation a low wattage metal halide high pressure discharge lamp, which is used for example in motor vehicle headlights and their Nominal power is typically around 35 watts, as well as a lighting system consisting of a low wattage metal halide high pressure discharge lamp and a matching control gear.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp has a quartz glass discharge vessel, which is sealed gastight by means of melted molybdenum foil and by is surrounded by an outer bulb. Two gas discharge electrodes protrude into the discharge space into it, over the molybdenum foil seals are electrically conductively connected to external power supplies.
  • the in Discharge space enclosed ionizable filling of this lamp is made from xenon and metal halides.
  • the operating device or the circuit arrangement accommodated in the operating device used to operate a headlight in a motor vehicle High-pressure discharge lamp is usually from the vehicle electrical system Motor vehicle supplied with electrical energy. That is, the circuit arrangement is from a low voltage voltage source with a DC voltage of typically 12 V or 24 V. With the help of the circuit arrangement this DC voltage supplied by the vehicle electrical system must be transformed up be so that they are required for lamp operation Meets needs. For example, to ignite the high-pressure discharge lamp an ignition voltage of a few when cold Kilovolts needed while hot-relighting the same high-pressure discharge lamp - that is, to ignite while still hot - one Ignition voltage of approx. 20 kV is required. After ignition has taken place the operating voltage of the high pressure discharge lamp, that is voltage drop required to maintain arc discharge over the discharge path, only about 80 V to 100 V.
  • European patent EP 0 294 604 discloses a circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure discharge lamp on a low-voltage voltage source, in particular for operating a 35 W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp on the 12V electrical system of a motor vehicle.
  • This circuit arrangement has a self-oscillating push-pull converter, the one with two alternating switching power transistors and two transformers. One transformer is part of it the control device for the power transistors, while the other transformer for the transmission of medium-frequency Vibration of the push-pull converter is used on a series resonant circuit.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp or the discharge path of the high-pressure discharge lamp is in a parallel circuit to the resonance capacitor of the series resonance circuit connected.
  • the primary winding of the control device The transformer is in series with the secondary winding of the series resonant circuit supplying transformer to adjust the control of the To enable push-pull converter to the lamp to be operated. Furthermore, the Circuit arrangement a device for changing the time constant of the control circuits of the push-pull converter to stabilize the lamp power to ensure when operating voltage changes and on the other hand during the Burn-in phase of the high-pressure discharge lamp an increased starting current is available to deliver.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp is ignited by means of excessive resonance at the resonance capacitor of the series resonance circuit a sinusoidal AC voltage with a frequency of 45 kHz and an amplitude of up to 18 kV, which ignites the lamp within a period of 6 ms.
  • the published patent application EP 0 567 408 A1 discloses a circuit arrangement for a discharge lamp used in a motor vehicle headlight.
  • This Circuit arrangement has a voltage converter, a transformer with a Primary winding and three secondary windings as well as a pulse ignition device. Two secondary windings of the transformer are in the lamp circuit switched while the third secondary winding to power the Pulse ignition device is used.
  • the pulse ignition device has an ignition transformer on whose secondary winding is connected to the lamp circuit and whose primary winding is arranged in series with a spark gap.
  • the US patent US 5,036,256 describes a circuit arrangement for a high-pressure discharge lamp, for example in a motor vehicle headlight can be used.
  • This circuit arrangement has one of one Low-voltage voltage source powered push-pull converter with two switching transistors and a transformer.
  • the transformer of the push-pull converter transmits whose high-frequency output voltage in the load circuit, in which the high-pressure discharge lamp is switched. The frequency of this output voltage is approx. 20 kHz.
  • the high-frequency induction voltage on the secondary winding of the push-pull converter transformer is converted into a by means of a bridge rectifier DC voltage for direct current operation of the high-pressure discharge lamp converted.
  • the circuit arrangement has for igniting the high-pressure discharge lamp a pulse ignition device, the spark gap, a surge capacitor and has a pulse transformer and to the Main electrodes, over the discharge path of the high-pressure discharge lamp, ignition voltage pulses generated up to 30 kV.
  • the secondary windings of the pulse transformer are in series with the discharge path of the high-pressure discharge lamp switched so that the entire operating current after lamp ignition flows through the secondary windings of the pulse transformer.
  • the object of the invention to provide an improved circuit arrangement for operation to provide a high pressure discharge lamp.
  • the circuit arrangement the flicker-free operation of one used in a motor vehicle headlight Enable high pressure discharge lamp and a safe cold and Warm ignition of this lamp as well as a quick and safe transition from the Ensure glow discharge into the arc.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention has a voltage converter which generates an alternating voltage, one connected to the voltage converter Transformer that converts the AC voltage generated by the voltage converter into the Load circuit designed as a series resonant circuit for the high-pressure discharge lamp transmits, and a pulse ignition device for the high pressure discharge lamp.
  • the resonance frequency of the unloaded series resonance circuit is between 500 kHz and 3 MHz.
  • the one on the voltage converter connected transformer has at least two according to the invention Secondary windings, with the first secondary winding in the series resonant circuit trained load circuit switched and the second secondary winding connected to the voltage input of the pulse ignition device is.
  • the ignition voltage output of the pulse ignition device is for connection to an auxiliary ignition electrode of the high-pressure discharge lamp to be operated intended.
  • the power supply to the pulse ignition device and the load circuit through two secondary windings of the a transformer connected to the voltage converter allows one Decoupling of the ignition device from the load circuit into which the series resonance circuit and the high-pressure discharge lamp are switched, so that after lamp ignition the operating current for the high pressure discharge lamp does not have to flow through the igniter.
  • This allows the Ignition device are carried out in a much more compact design, since the components of the ignition device are not the comparatively high ones Amperage of the operating current during the start-up phase and during endure lamp operation.
  • 35 W as they are commonly used in automotive headlights is used during the ignition and start-up phase for the transition from glow to arc discharge at the resonance capacitor advantageously a resonance-exaggerated one medium frequency AC voltage with voltage amplitudes provided between 500 V and 1500 V.
  • a push-pull converter is advantageously used as the voltage converter two switching transistors used, together with the one at its output connected transformer the operation of the high pressure discharge lamp on a low-voltage voltage source, which in particular enables for high pressure discharge lamp applications in motor vehicle headlights is important.
  • the low-voltage voltage for example the supply voltage of a motor vehicle electrical system, which is typically a 12 V or 24 V DC voltage, with a medium frequency AC voltage a voltage amplitude of approx. 500 V on the secondary side of the transformer stepped up.
  • the frequency of this AC voltage is advantageously more than 200 kHz and is preferably between 500 kHz and 3 MHz. In this preferred frequency range is especially for low-wattage high-pressure discharge lamps, as used in motor vehicles particularly flicker-free operation is possible. Moreover can sufficient radio interference suppression in this frequency range Circuit arrangement can still be guaranteed with reasonable means.
  • the transformer connected to the push-pull converter has two Primary windings that alternate in the switching cycle of the push-pull converter be flowed through by the supply current.
  • this transformer is advantageously a capacitor, a resonance circuit with the primary windings of the transformer forms.
  • the capacitance of this capacitor is advantageously such the inductance of the transformer matched that at high switching frequency of the push-pull converter on this capacitor a sinusoidal Tension arises. This can result in switching losses at the transistors of the push-pull converter can be significantly reduced.
  • a frequency modulation of those generated by the voltage converter AC voltage for the high pressure discharge lamp is advantageous.
  • the Center or carrier frequency of the frequency-modulated AC voltage is advantageously more than 300 kHz and is preferably between 500 kHz and 2.9 MHz.
  • the frequency swing is advantageously 10 kHz to 100 kHz and the modulation frequency is advantageously between 100 Hz and 5 kHz.
  • the lighting system according to the invention consists of a high-pressure discharge lamp and the associated operating device, the operating device contains a circuit arrangement which has a voltage converter, which generates an alternating voltage, one connected to the voltage converter Transformer that generated the voltage converter Transmits alternating voltage into the load circuit for the high-pressure discharge lamp, a pulse ignition device for the high pressure discharge lamp and a series resonance circuit, the resonance capacity of which is parallel to the discharge path the high-pressure discharge lamp is switched.
  • the one the transformer connected to the voltage converter has at least two secondary windings, the first secondary winding to the Series resonance circuit and the second secondary winding to the voltage input the pulse ignition device is connected.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp belonging to the lighting system according to the invention points in addition to those inside their discharge vessel arranged electrodes on an auxiliary ignition electrode, which to the ignition voltage output the pulse ignition device is connected and the for igniting the high-pressure discharge lamp with high-voltage pulses is applied.
  • the auxiliary ignition electrode is advantageously located outside the discharge vessel, so that the ignition pulses capacitively into the Lamp can be coupled.
  • the auxiliary ignition electrode is advantageously present an electrically conductive layer on a lamp vessel, preferably on the outer bulb surrounding the discharge vessel High-pressure discharge lamp is applied. In automotive headlights High-pressure discharge lamps used is this electrically conductive Layer also advantageously as an optical diaphragm for production of the low beam.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the circuit principle of the invention Circuit arrangement for operating a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption of approx. 35 W.
  • This circuit arrangement has a push-pull converter on its Input is fed by a 12 V DC voltage source U, and one Load circuit in which the high-pressure discharge lamp to be operated is connected and a pulse ignition device for the high-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the push-pull converter is essentially made up of two field effect transistors T1, T2, their control device A and a transformer TR1 with two primary windings w1a, w1b and two secondary windings w1c, w1d formed.
  • the earthed negative pole of the DC voltage source U is also connected to the source connections of both field effect transistors T1, T2.
  • the positive pole of the direct voltage source U is on the one hand via a center tap M. with a first connection of the first primary winding w1a of the transformer TR1 and on the other hand with a first connection of the second primary winding w1b of the transformer TR1 connected.
  • the second connection the first primary winding is w1a with the drain of the first field effect transistor T1 connected and the second terminal of the second primary winding w1b is for the drain connection of the second field effect transistor T2 led.
  • the first secondary winding w1c is connected to the load circuit, while the second secondary winding w1d of the transformer TR1 to the Ignition device is connected.
  • the load circuit also contains a resonance inductance L1, a resonance capacitor C1 and two connections for the high-pressure discharge lamp LP to be operated.
  • the resonance inductance L1 and the resonance capacitor C1 form a series resonance circuit, that of the secondary winding w1c of the transformer TR1 with a medium frequency AC voltage is supplied.
  • the metal halide high pressure discharge lamp LP is connected to the load circuit in such a way that the discharge path defined by its main electrodes E1, E2 is connected in parallel to the resonance capacitor C1.
  • a connection of the first Secondary winding w1c is across the resonance inductor L1 and the branch point V1 with a connection of the resonance capacitor C1 and connected to the electrode E1 of the high-pressure discharge lamp LP.
  • the other connection of the first secondary winding w1c is over the branch point V2 with the other terminal of the resonance capacitor C1 and connected to the electrode E2 of the high-pressure discharge lamp LP.
  • the pulse ignition device is a spark gap FS, a surge capacitor C3, a pulse transformer TR2, a rectifier diode D1, an ohmic resistor R1, a field effect transistor T3 and the second secondary winding w1d of the transformer TR1 is formed.
  • the anode of the rectifier diode is D1 via the branch point V3 a first connection of the spark gap FS and with a first connection of the primary winding w2a of the pulse transformer TR2 connected.
  • the second connection of the primary winding w2a is via the branch point V4 to a first connection Secondary winding w2b of the pulse transformer TR2 and to a connection of the surge capacitor C3 connected.
  • the other connection of the Surge capacitor C3 is across branch point V5 to the second Connection of the spark gap FS and connected to the ohmic resistor R1.
  • the branch point V5 is at the same electrical potential like branch point V2.
  • the ohmic resistance R1 is over the source-drain path of the field effect transistor T3 with the second terminal connected to the second secondary winding w1d of the transformer TR1.
  • the second connection of the secondary winding w2b of the pulse transformer TR2 forms the ignition voltage output of the pulse ignition device. It is connected to the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE of the high-pressure discharge lamp LP connected.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp LP shown in FIG. 2 is concerned a single-ended metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp LP with an electrical power consumption of approx. 35 W. Sie forms together with a matching control gear that the in 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention lighting system usable for a motor vehicle headlight.
  • the Lamp LP has a discharge vessel 1 made of quartz glass, in which an ionizable Filling is enclosed gas-tight.
  • the ionizable filling contains Xenon and metal halide compounds.
  • the two ends 1a, 1b of the discharge vessel 1 are each by means of a molybdenum foil melting 2a, 2b sealed.
  • the discharge vessel 1 is one glass outer envelope 5 envelops.
  • the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE is used in this exemplary embodiment the invention of a thin metallic coating on the outer surface of the outer bulb 5 is formed.
  • the thin metallic coating ZE has the shape of an elongated strip that extends from the near the base end of the outer bulb 5 approximately to the level of the discharge vessel center extends so that the distal end of the ignition auxiliary electrode ZE is approximately the same distance from both electrodes E1, E2 is.
  • T1, T2 switch alternately with a switching frequency of approximately 800 kHz, so that - without taking capacitor C2 into account - the two Primary windings w1a, w1b of the transformer TR1 alternately with the 12 V DC voltage source U are connected. Through the primary windings w1a, w1b therefore flows an alternating current, the frequency of which corresponds to the switching frequency of the push-pull converter matches.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor C2 is matched to the inductance of the primary windings w1a, w1b, that the primary windings w1a, w1b and the capacitor C2 the switching frequency of the push-pull converter T1, T2 form a resonance circuit, with the help of those occurring in the field effect transistors T1, T2 Switching losses can be reduced.
  • the voltage drop across capacitor C2 is almost sinusoidal.
  • the voltage curve on the primary windings w1a, w1b each describe a sinusoidal half-wave whose peak value is approximately 24 V due to the resonance increase. Both primary windings w1a, w1b are inductive to both secondary windings w1c, w1d of the transformer TR1 coupled.
  • the primary windings w1a, w1b each have 3 turns and the secondary windings w1c, w1d each 40 turns, so that those generated by the push-pull converter T1, T2 AC voltage with a gear ratio of approximately 13: 1 by means of the first secondary winding w1c in the load circuit and by means of the second secondary winding w1d transferred to the pulse ignition device becomes.
  • the peak voltages induced in the secondary windings w1c, w1d are approximately 500 V.
  • the frequencies of the induction voltages in the load circuit and in the ignition device agree with the frequency of the AC voltage generated by the push-pull converter T1, T2.
  • the pulse ignition device is activated by means of the switching transistor T3.
  • the gate of the field effect transistor T3 is integrated Circuit (not shown), in particular a timer circuit.
  • surge capacitor C3 charges via the rectifier diode D1 and the primary winding w2a of the pulse transformer TR2 on to then each time the breakdown voltage is reached to discharge the spark gap FS intermittently.
  • the intermittent discharge currents of the capacitor C3 flow through the primary winding w2a of the pulse transformer TR2 and converted into high-voltage pulses by the secondary winding w2b, that of the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE of the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp LP supplied and capacitively coupled into the lamp LP.
  • This from the secondary winding w2b to the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE transmitted high-voltage ignition pulses are unipolar and in this Embodiment polarized positive. You reach peak values of approx. 30 kV.
  • the first secondary winding w1c of the transformer TR1 supplies the load circuit, of the resonant circuit components L1, C1 and connections for the high-pressure discharge lamp LP contains, with an input voltage of approx. 500 V.
  • the series resonance circuit L1, C1 there is an increase in resonance this input voltage of approx. 500 V to 1500 V is achieved.
  • the one in the Resonance circuit L1, C1, stored energy is the lamp LP immediately after their ignition as a takeover energy provided to one quick start of the lamp and especially a quick transition from glow to arc discharge.
  • the resonance circuit components C1, L1 are dimensioned so that the available Takeover energy optimally matched to the lamp to be operated LP is.
  • the resonance capacitor C1 has a capacitance of 330 pF and the resonance inductance L1 has an inductance of 50 ⁇ H, so that there is a resonance frequency for the series resonance circuit L1, C1 of 1.2 MHz.
  • the lamp LP becomes its supply voltage, that is, the one above their electrodes E1, E2 falling voltage, frequency modulated.
  • the carrier frequency and the frequency swing and the modulation frequency are so chosen that the available takeover energy optimally to the operated Lamp LP is matched.
  • LP is the lamp with a frequency modulated AC operated.
  • the carrier frequency or center frequency this frequency-modulated AC voltage is approximately 800 kHz and the Frequency swing about 100 kHz, so that the frequency of the lamp operating voltage periodically varies between 700 kHz and 900 kHz.
  • the modulation frequency is approximately 1.5 kHz.
  • the modulation signal is triangular. The modulation results in a flicker-free, stable discharge arc.
  • the frequency modulation of the AC voltage becomes a control device with the aid of a A owned frequency generator (not shown) carried out. Since the control device A for understanding the Is not essential to the present invention, this is not explained here become.
  • the control device can, for example, with the aid of a Integrated circuit can be realized, its output with the gate connections the field effect transistors T1, T2 is connected and the Controls the timings of all processes in the entire circuit arrangement.
  • the control device A usually also enables a power control the lamp LP by means of pulse width modulation of the control signal for the field effect transistors T1, T2 of the push-pull converter.
  • the Control device A can also with the help of an additional Transformers take place, as is the case, for example, in European patent applications EP 0 294 604 and EP 0 294 605 is disclosed.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show a second embodiment of the invention Circuitry.
  • This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only by that arranged in the load circuit Resonance inductance that in the second embodiment of two inductors L1 ', L1 "of equal size is formed. For this reason, the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 and 3 for identical components selected.
  • the components are L1 ', L1 ", C1 the series resonance circuit symmetrical with respect to the lamp electrodes E1, E2 arranged.
  • a first connection of the first resonance inductor L1 ' is with a first connection of the first secondary winding w1c Transformer TR1 connected, while its second connection on the Connection point V1 with the first lamp electrode E1 and with a first terminal of the resonance capacitor C1 is connected.
  • the first connection of the second resonance inductor L1 "with the second Connection of the first secondary winding w1c and its second connection via the connection point V2 with the second lamp electrode E2 and connected to the second terminal of the resonance capacitor C1.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described in more detail above.
  • the interference suppression of the invention Circuit arrangement causes and the retroactive effect of the push-pull converter generated high or medium frequency vibration on the voltage source significantly reduced.
  • a push-pull converter another voltage converter can also be used.
  • the Ignition device can also be another automatic instead of a spark gap Switches, for example a four-layer diode, a triac or a have other semiconductor component designed as a threshold switch.
  • the switching transistor T3 of the ignition device can also be switched on Relays to be replaced.
  • auxiliary ignition electrode ZE are the high-pressure discharge lamp different embodiments possible.
  • the Auxiliary electrode also as a thin metallic coating on the inside of the outer bulb or on the outside of the discharge vessel his.
  • the strip-like ignition auxiliary electrode shown in FIG. 2 can ZE also spread on the outside of the outer bulb and be shaped in such a way that they also serve as an optical diaphragm or Shadows can serve to generate the low beam.
  • the auxiliary ignition electrode from a wire that is parallel to the lamp's longitudinal axis inside or outside the outer bulb extends, or which is wrapped around the discharge vessel.
  • this must be done from the high-pressure discharge lamp LP and the invention Circuit arrangement existing lighting system not necessarily be part of a motor vehicle headlight. It can also for other applications, for example for projectors or others Photo optics applications.
  • the supply voltage comes from U not from the electrical system of a motor vehicle. It can then at the supply voltage U also around the rectified AC voltage act from an AC voltage source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Hochdruckentladungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 sowie ein Beleuchtungssystem mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe und einem Betriebsgerät für die Hochdruckentladungslampe.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 and a lighting system with a high-pressure discharge lamp and a Control gear for the high pressure discharge lamp.

I. Technisches Gebiet I. Technical field

Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer niederwattigen Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe, die beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern verwendet wird und deren Nennleistung typischerweise ca. 35 Watt beträgt, sowie ein Beleuchtungssystem bestehend aus einer niederwattigen Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe und einem darauf abgestimmten Betriebsgerät.In particular, the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operation a low wattage metal halide high pressure discharge lamp, which is used for example in motor vehicle headlights and their Nominal power is typically around 35 watts, as well as a lighting system consisting of a low wattage metal halide high pressure discharge lamp and a matching control gear.

Die Hochdruckentladungslampe besitzt ein Entladungsgefäß aus Quarzglas, das mittels Molybdänfolieneinschmelzungen gasdicht verschlossen und von einem Außenkolben umgeben ist. In den Entladungsraum ragen zwei Gasentladungselektroden hinein, die über die Molybdänfolieneinschmelzungen mit externen Stromzuführungen elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Die im Entladungsraum eingeschlossene ionisierbare Füllung dieser Lampe besteht aus Xenon und Metallhalogeniden. The high-pressure discharge lamp has a quartz glass discharge vessel, which is sealed gastight by means of melted molybdenum foil and by is surrounded by an outer bulb. Two gas discharge electrodes protrude into the discharge space into it, over the molybdenum foil seals are electrically conductively connected to external power supplies. The in Discharge space enclosed ionizable filling of this lamp is made from xenon and metal halides.

Das Betriebsgerät bzw. die im Betriebsgerät untergebrachte Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer in einem Kraftfahrzeug-Scheinwerfer eingesetzten Hochdruckentladungslampe wird üblicherweise vom Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeugs mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Das heißt, die Schaltungsanordnung wird von einer Niedervolt-Spannungsquelle mit einer Gleichspannung von typischerweise 12 V oder 24 V gespeist. Mit Hilfe der Schaltungsanordnung muß diese vom Bordnetz gelieferte Gleichspannung hochtransformiert werden, so daß sie den für den Lampenbetrieb erforderlichen Bedürfnissen entspricht. Beispielsweise wird zum Zünden der Hochdrukkentladungslampe im kalten Zustand eine Zündspannung von wenigen Kilovolt benötigt, während zum Heiß-Wiederzünden derselben Hochdrukkentladungslampe - das heißt, zum Zünden im noch heißen Zustand - eine Zündspannung von ca. 20 kV erforderlich ist. Nach erfolgter Zündung beträgt die Betriebsspannung der Hochdruckentladungslampe, das heißt der zur Aufrechterhaltung der Bogenentladung erforderliche Spannungsabfall über der Entladungsstrecke, nur noch ungefähr 80 V bis 100 V.The operating device or the circuit arrangement accommodated in the operating device used to operate a headlight in a motor vehicle High-pressure discharge lamp is usually from the vehicle electrical system Motor vehicle supplied with electrical energy. That is, the circuit arrangement is from a low voltage voltage source with a DC voltage of typically 12 V or 24 V. With the help of the circuit arrangement this DC voltage supplied by the vehicle electrical system must be transformed up be so that they are required for lamp operation Meets needs. For example, to ignite the high-pressure discharge lamp an ignition voltage of a few when cold Kilovolts needed while hot-relighting the same high-pressure discharge lamp - that is, to ignite while still hot - one Ignition voltage of approx. 20 kV is required. After ignition has taken place the operating voltage of the high pressure discharge lamp, that is voltage drop required to maintain arc discharge over the discharge path, only about 80 V to 100 V.

II. Stand der Technik II. State of the art

Die europäische Patentschrift EP 0 294 604 offenbart eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Hochdruckentladungslampe an einer Niedervolt-Spannungsquelle, insbesondere zum Betrieb einer 35 W-Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe am 12V-Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges. Diese Schaltungsanordnung besitzt einen selbstanschwingenden Gegentaktwandler, der mit zwei alternierend schaltenden Leistungstransistoren und zwei Transformatoren ausgestattet ist. Der eine Transformator ist Bestandteil der Ansteuerungsvorrichtung für die Leistungstransistoren, während der andere Transformator zur Übertragung der mittelfrequenten Schwingung des Gegentaktwandlers auf einen Serienresonanzkreis dient. Die Hochdruckentladungslampe bzw. die Entladungsstrecke der Hochdrukkentladungslampe ist in einen Parallelkreis zum Resonanzkondensator des Serienresonanzkreises geschaltet. Die Primärwicklung des zur Ansteuerungsvorrichtung gehörenden Transformators liegt in Reihe zur Sekundärwicklung des den Serienresonanzkreis versorgenden Transformators, um eine Anpassung der Ansteuerung des Gegentaktwandlers an die zu betreibende Lampe zu ermöglichen. Ferner besitzt die Schaltungsanordnung eine Vorrichtung zur Änderung der Zeitkonstanten der Steuerkreise des Gegentaktwandlers, um einerseits eine Stabilisierung der Lampenleistung bei Betriebsspannungsänderungen zu gewährleisten und um andererseits während der Einbrennphase der Hochdruckentladungslampe einen erhöhten Anlaufstrom zur Verfügung zu stellen. Zum Zünden der Hochdruckentladungslampe wird mittels Resonanzüberhöhung am Resonanzkondensator des Serienresonanzkreises eine sinusförmige Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von 45 kHz und einer Amplitude von bis zu ca. 18 kV generiert, die die Lampe innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von 6 ms zündet.European patent EP 0 294 604 discloses a circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure discharge lamp on a low-voltage voltage source, in particular for operating a 35 W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp on the 12V electrical system of a motor vehicle. This circuit arrangement has a self-oscillating push-pull converter, the one with two alternating switching power transistors and two transformers. One transformer is part of it the control device for the power transistors, while the other transformer for the transmission of medium-frequency Vibration of the push-pull converter is used on a series resonant circuit. The high-pressure discharge lamp or the discharge path of the high-pressure discharge lamp is in a parallel circuit to the resonance capacitor of the series resonance circuit connected. The primary winding of the control device The transformer is in series with the secondary winding of the series resonant circuit supplying transformer to adjust the control of the To enable push-pull converter to the lamp to be operated. Furthermore, the Circuit arrangement a device for changing the time constant of the control circuits of the push-pull converter to stabilize the lamp power to ensure when operating voltage changes and on the other hand during the Burn-in phase of the high-pressure discharge lamp an increased starting current is available to deliver. The high-pressure discharge lamp is ignited by means of excessive resonance at the resonance capacitor of the series resonance circuit a sinusoidal AC voltage with a frequency of 45 kHz and an amplitude of up to 18 kV, which ignites the lamp within a period of 6 ms.

Die Offenlegungsschrift EP 0 567 408 A1 offenbart eine Schaltungsanordnung für eine in einem Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer verwendete Entladungslampe. Diese Schaltungsanordnung besitzt einen Spannungswandler, einen Transformator mit einer Primärwicklung und drei Sekundärwicklungen sowie eine Impuls-Zündvorrichtung. Zwei Sekundärwicklungen des Transformators sind in den Lampenstromkreis geschaltet, während die dritte Sekundärwicklung zur Spannungsversorgung der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung dient. Die Impuls-Zündvorrichtung weist einen Zündtransformator auf dessen Sekundärwicklung in den Lampenstromkreis geschaltet ist und dessen Primärwicklung in Reihe zu einer Funkenstrecke angeordnet ist.The published patent application EP 0 567 408 A1 discloses a circuit arrangement for a discharge lamp used in a motor vehicle headlight. This Circuit arrangement has a voltage converter, a transformer with a Primary winding and three secondary windings as well as a pulse ignition device. Two secondary windings of the transformer are in the lamp circuit switched while the third secondary winding to power the Pulse ignition device is used. The pulse ignition device has an ignition transformer on whose secondary winding is connected to the lamp circuit and whose primary winding is arranged in series with a spark gap.

Das US Patent US 5,036,256 beschreibt eine Schaltungsanordnung für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe, die beispielsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer verwendet werden kann. Diese Schaltungsanordnung besitzt einen von einer Niedervolt-Spannungsquelle gespeisten Gegentaktwandler mit zwei Schalttransistoren und einem Transformator. Der Transformator des Gegentaktwandlers überträgt dessen hochfrequente Ausgangsspannung in den Lastkreis, in den die Hochdrukkentladungslampe geschaltet ist. Die Frequenz dieser Ausgangsspannung beträgt ca. 20 kHz. Die hochfrequente Induktionsspannung an der Sekundärwicklung des Gegentaktwandler-Transformators wird mittels eines Brückengleichrichters in eine Gleichspannung für den Gleichstrombetrieb der Hochdruckentladungslampe konvertiert. Zum Zünden der Hochdruckentladungslampe besitzt die Schaltungsanordnung eine Impuls-Zündvorrichtung, die eine Funkenstrecke, einen Stoßkondensator und einen Impulstransformator aufweist und an den Hauptelektroden, über der Entladungsstrecke der Hochdruckentladungslampe Zündspannungsimpulse von bis zu 30 kV erzeugt. Die Sekundärwicklungen des Impulstransformators sind in Reihe zur Entladungsstrecke der Hochdruckentladungslampe geschaltet, so daß nach erfolgter Lampenzündung der gesamte Betriebsstrom durch die Sekundärwicklungen des Impulstransformators fließt. Um die für den sicheren Übergang von der Glimm- zur Bogenentladung erforderliche Übernahme-Energie bereitzustellen, besitzt die in diesem US-Patent offenbarte Schaltungsanordnung ferner einen aus mehreren Dioden und Kondensatoren bestehenden Spannungsvervielfacher, dem ein Speicherkondensator nachgeschaltet ist.The US patent US 5,036,256 describes a circuit arrangement for a high-pressure discharge lamp, for example in a motor vehicle headlight can be used. This circuit arrangement has one of one Low-voltage voltage source powered push-pull converter with two switching transistors and a transformer. The transformer of the push-pull converter transmits whose high-frequency output voltage in the load circuit, in which the high-pressure discharge lamp is switched. The frequency of this output voltage is approx. 20 kHz. The high-frequency induction voltage on the secondary winding of the push-pull converter transformer is converted into a by means of a bridge rectifier DC voltage for direct current operation of the high-pressure discharge lamp converted. The circuit arrangement has for igniting the high-pressure discharge lamp a pulse ignition device, the spark gap, a surge capacitor and has a pulse transformer and to the Main electrodes, over the discharge path of the high-pressure discharge lamp, ignition voltage pulses generated up to 30 kV. The secondary windings of the pulse transformer are in series with the discharge path of the high-pressure discharge lamp switched so that the entire operating current after lamp ignition flows through the secondary windings of the pulse transformer. To those for the safe Transition from glow to arc discharge required transfer energy provide the circuitry disclosed in this U.S. patent a voltage multiplier consisting of several diodes and capacitors, which is followed by a storage capacitor.

III. Darstellung der Erfindung III. Presentation of the invention

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine verbesserte Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Hochdruckentladungslampe bereitzustellen. Insbesondere soll die Schaltungsanordnung den flimmerfreien Betrieb einer in einem Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer eingesetzten Hochdruckentladungslampe ermöglichen und eine sichere Kalt- und Warmzündung dieser Lampe sowie einen schnellen und sicheren Übergang von der Glimm- in die Bogenentladung gewährleisten.It is the object of the invention to provide an improved circuit arrangement for operation to provide a high pressure discharge lamp. In particular, the circuit arrangement the flicker-free operation of one used in a motor vehicle headlight Enable high pressure discharge lamp and a safe cold and Warm ignition of this lamp as well as a quick and safe transition from the Ensure glow discharge into the arc.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of Claim 1 solved. Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in described the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung besitzt einen Spannungswandler, der eine Wechselspannung erzeugt, einen an den Spannungswandler angeschlossenen Transformator, der die vom Spannungswandler generierte Wechselspannung in den als Serienresonanzkreis ausgebildeten Lastkreis für die Hochdruckentladungslampe überträgt, und eine Impuls-Zündvorrichtung für die Hochdruckentladungslampe. Die Resonanzfrequenz des unbelasteten Serienresonanzkreises liegt zwischen 500 kHz und 3 MHz. Der an den Spannungswandler angeschlossene Transformator besitzt erfindungsgemäß mindestens zwei Sekundärwicklungen, wobei die erste Sekundärwicklung in den als Serienresonanzkreis ausgebildeten Lastkreis geschaltet und die zweite Sekundärwicklung an den Spannungseingang der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung angeschlossen ist. Der Zündspannungsausgang der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung ist zum Anschluß an eine Zündhilfselektrode der zu betreibenden Hochdrukkentladungslampe vorgesehen. Die Spannungsversorgung der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung und des Lastkreises durch zwei Sekundärwicklungen des an den Spannungswandler angeschlossenen Transformators erlaubt eine Entkoppelung der Zündvorrichtung vom Lastkreis, in den der Serienresonanzkreis und die Hochdruckentladungslampe geschaltet sind, so daß nach erfolgter Lampenzündung der Betriebsstrom für die Hochdruckentladungslampe nicht durch die Zündvorrichtung fließen muß. Dadurch kann die Zündvorrichtung in wesentlich kompakterer Bauweise ausgeführt werden, da die Komponenten der Zündvorrichtung nicht die vergleichsweise hohe Stromstärke des Betriebsstromes während der Anlaufphase und während des Lampenbrennbetriebs aushalten müssen. Während der Zündphase und während der darauf folgenden Anlaufphase der Hochdruckentladungslampe wird mit Hilfe des Serienresonanzkreises mittels der Methode der Resonanzüberhöhung am Resonanzkondensator die für den Übergang von der Glimm- zur Bogenentladung erforderliche Übernahme-Energie für die Hochdruckentladungslampe bereitgestellt. Die oben erläuterte erfindungsgemäße Entkoppelung von Zündvorrichtung und Lastkreis ist besonders vorteilhaft bei Schaltungsanordnungen für in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern eingesetzte Hochdruckentladungslampen, weil diese Lampen während ihrer Anlaufphase mit einem besonders hohen Strom beaufschlagt werden, um die Anlaufphase zu verkürzen. Der Begriff Anlaufphase bezeichnet hier die Zeitspanne von der Zündung der Lampe bis zum Erreichen eines quasistationären Betriebszustandes, bei dem sich eine stabile Bogenentladung in der Lampe ausgebildet hat. Für eine Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe mit einer elektrischen Leistungsaufname von ca. 35 W, wie sie üblicherweise in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern benutzt wird, wird während der Zünd- und Anlaufphase für den Übergang von der Glimm- zur Bogenentladung am Resonanzkondensator vorteilhafterweise eine resonanzüberhöhte mittelfrequente Wechselspannung mit Spannungsamplituden zwischen 500 V und 1500 V bereitgestellt.The circuit arrangement according to the invention has a voltage converter which generates an alternating voltage, one connected to the voltage converter Transformer that converts the AC voltage generated by the voltage converter into the Load circuit designed as a series resonant circuit for the high-pressure discharge lamp transmits, and a pulse ignition device for the high pressure discharge lamp. The The resonance frequency of the unloaded series resonance circuit is between 500 kHz and 3 MHz. The one on the voltage converter connected transformer has at least two according to the invention Secondary windings, with the first secondary winding in the series resonant circuit trained load circuit switched and the second secondary winding connected to the voltage input of the pulse ignition device is. The ignition voltage output of the pulse ignition device is for connection to an auxiliary ignition electrode of the high-pressure discharge lamp to be operated intended. The power supply to the pulse ignition device and the load circuit through two secondary windings of the a transformer connected to the voltage converter allows one Decoupling of the ignition device from the load circuit into which the series resonance circuit and the high-pressure discharge lamp are switched, so that after lamp ignition the operating current for the high pressure discharge lamp does not have to flow through the igniter. This allows the Ignition device are carried out in a much more compact design, since the components of the ignition device are not the comparatively high ones Amperage of the operating current during the start-up phase and during endure lamp operation. During the ignition phase and during the subsequent start-up phase of the high-pressure discharge lamp with the help of the series resonance circuit using the method of excessive resonance on the resonance capacitor for the transition from the Glow - takeover energy required for arc discharge High pressure discharge lamp provided. The invention explained above Decoupling the ignition device and load circuit is special advantageous in circuit arrangements for in motor vehicle headlights used high pressure discharge lamps because these lamps during their Start-up phase with a particularly high current to the Shorten the start-up phase. The term start-up phase refers to the time span from the ignition of the lamp to reaching a quasi-stationary Operating state in which a stable arc discharge in the lamp has trained. For a metal halide high pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption of approx. 35 W as they are commonly used in automotive headlights is used during the ignition and start-up phase for the transition from glow to arc discharge at the resonance capacitor advantageously a resonance-exaggerated one medium frequency AC voltage with voltage amplitudes provided between 500 V and 1500 V.

Als Spannungswandler wird vorteilhafterweise ein Gegentaktwandler mit zwei Schalttransistoren verwendet, der zusammen mit dem an seinem Ausgang angeschlossenen Transformator den Betrieb der Hochdruckentladungslampe an einer Niedervolt-Spannungsquelle ermöglicht, was insbesondere für Anwendungen der Hochdruckentladungslampe in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern von Bedeutung ist. Mit Hilfe des Gegentaktwandlers und des Transformators wird die Niedervolt-Spannung, beispielsweise die Versorgungsspannung eines Kraftfahrzeug-Bordnetzes, die typischerweise eine 12 V- oder 24 V-Gleichspannung ist, in eine mittelfrequente Wechselspannung mit einer Spannungsamplitude von ca. 500 V auf der Sekundärseite des Transformators hochtransformiert. Die Frequenz dieser Wechselspannung beträgt vorteilhafterweise mehr als 200 kHz und liegt bevorzugt zwischen 500 kHz und 3 MHz. In diesem bevorzugten Frequenzbereich ist insbesondere für niederwattige Hochdruckentladungslampen, wie sie in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet werden, ein besonders flimmerfreier Betrieb möglich. Außerdem kann in diesem Frequenzbereich eine ausreichende Funkentstörung der Schaltungsanordnung noch mit vertretbaren Mitteln gewährleistet werden.A push-pull converter is advantageously used as the voltage converter two switching transistors used, together with the one at its output connected transformer the operation of the high pressure discharge lamp on a low-voltage voltage source, which in particular enables for high pressure discharge lamp applications in motor vehicle headlights is important. With the help of the push-pull converter and the transformer becomes the low-voltage voltage, for example the supply voltage of a motor vehicle electrical system, which is typically a 12 V or 24 V DC voltage, with a medium frequency AC voltage a voltage amplitude of approx. 500 V on the secondary side of the transformer stepped up. The frequency of this AC voltage is advantageously more than 200 kHz and is preferably between 500 kHz and 3 MHz. In this preferred frequency range is especially for low-wattage high-pressure discharge lamps, as used in motor vehicles particularly flicker-free operation is possible. Moreover can sufficient radio interference suppression in this frequency range Circuit arrangement can still be guaranteed with reasonable means.

Der an den Gegentaktwandler angeschlossene Transformator besitzt zwei Primärwicklungen, die abwechselnd im Schalttakt des Gegentaktwandlers vom Versorgungsstrom durchflossen werden. Parallel zu den Primärwicklungen dieses Transformators ist vorteilhafterweise ein Kondensator geschaltet, der mit den Primärwicklungen des Transformators einen Resonanzkreis bildet. Die Kapazität dieses Kondensators ist vorteilhafterweise derart auf die Induktivität des Transformators abgestimmt, daß bei hoher Schaltfrequenz des Gegentaktwandlers an diesem Kondensator eine sinusförmige Spannung entsteht. Dadurch können die Schaltverluste an den Transistoren des Gegentaktwandlers erheblich reduziert werden.The transformer connected to the push-pull converter has two Primary windings that alternate in the switching cycle of the push-pull converter be flowed through by the supply current. Parallel to the primary windings this transformer is advantageously a capacitor, a resonance circuit with the primary windings of the transformer forms. The capacitance of this capacitor is advantageously such the inductance of the transformer matched that at high switching frequency of the push-pull converter on this capacitor a sinusoidal Tension arises. This can result in switching losses at the transistors of the push-pull converter can be significantly reduced.

Um Störungen des Lampenbetriebs durch das Auftreten von longitudinalen akustischen Resonanzen im Entladungsmedium zu vermeiden, wird vorteilhafterweise eine Frequenzmodulation der vom Spannungswandler erzeugten Wechselspannung für die Hochdruckentladungslampe durchgeführt. Die Mitten- oder Trägerfrequenz der frequenzmodulierten Wechselspannung beträgt vorteilhafterweise mehr als 300 kHz und liegt bevorzugterweise zwischen 500 kHz und 2,9 MHz. Der Frequenzhub beträgt vorteilhafterweise 10 kHz bis 100 kHz und die Modulationsfrequenz liegt vorteilhafterweise zwischen 100 Hz und 5 kHz.In order to disrupt lamp operation due to the occurrence of longitudinal Avoiding acoustic resonances in the discharge medium is advantageous a frequency modulation of those generated by the voltage converter AC voltage for the high pressure discharge lamp performed. The Center or carrier frequency of the frequency-modulated AC voltage is advantageously more than 300 kHz and is preferably between 500 kHz and 2.9 MHz. The frequency swing is advantageously 10 kHz to 100 kHz and the modulation frequency is advantageously between 100 Hz and 5 kHz.

Das erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtungssystem besteht aus einer Hochdruckentladungslampe und dem dazugehörigen Betriebsgerät, wobei das Betriebsgerät eine Schaltungsanordnung enthält, die einen Spannungswandler, der eine Wechselspannung erzeugt, einen an den Spannungswandler angeschlossenen Transformator, der die vom Spannungswandler generierte Wechselspannung in den Lastkreis für die Hochdruckentladungslampe überträgt, eine Impuls-Zündvorrichtung für die Hochdruckentladungslampe und einen Serienresonanzkreis, dessen Resonanzkapazität parallel zur Entladungsstrecke der Hochdruckentladungslampe geschaltet ist, besitzt. Der an den Spannungswandler angeschlossene Transformator weist mindestens zwei Sekundärwicklungen auf, wobei die erste Sekundärwicklung an den Serienresonanzkreis und die zweite Sekundärwicklung an den Spannungseingang der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung angeschlossen ist. The lighting system according to the invention consists of a high-pressure discharge lamp and the associated operating device, the operating device contains a circuit arrangement which has a voltage converter, which generates an alternating voltage, one connected to the voltage converter Transformer that generated the voltage converter Transmits alternating voltage into the load circuit for the high-pressure discharge lamp, a pulse ignition device for the high pressure discharge lamp and a series resonance circuit, the resonance capacity of which is parallel to the discharge path the high-pressure discharge lamp is switched. The one the transformer connected to the voltage converter has at least two secondary windings, the first secondary winding to the Series resonance circuit and the second secondary winding to the voltage input the pulse ignition device is connected.

Die zum erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungssystem gehörende Hochdruckentladungslampe weist zusätzlich zu den innerhalb ihres Entladungsgefäßes angeordneten Elektroden eine Zündhilfselektrode auf, die an den Zündspannungsausgang der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung angeschlossen ist und die zum Zünden der Hochdruckentladungslampe mit Hochspannungsimpulsen beaufschlagt wird. Die Zündhilfselektrode befindet sich vorteilhafterweise außerhalb des Entladungsgefäßes, so daß die Zündimpulse kapazitiv in die Lampe eingekoppelt werden. Vorteilhafterweise besteht die Zündhilfselektrode aus einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht, die auf einem Lampengefäß, vorzugsweise auf dem das Entladungsgefäß umgebenden Außenkolben der Hochdruckentladungslampe, aufgebracht ist. Bei in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern verwendeten Hochdruckentladungslampen ist diese elektrisch leitfähige Schicht außerdem vorteilhafterweise auch als optische Blende zur Erzeugung des Abblendlichtes ausgebildet.The high-pressure discharge lamp belonging to the lighting system according to the invention points in addition to those inside their discharge vessel arranged electrodes on an auxiliary ignition electrode, which to the ignition voltage output the pulse ignition device is connected and the for igniting the high-pressure discharge lamp with high-voltage pulses is applied. The auxiliary ignition electrode is advantageously located outside the discharge vessel, so that the ignition pulses capacitively into the Lamp can be coupled. The auxiliary ignition electrode is advantageously present an electrically conductive layer on a lamp vessel, preferably on the outer bulb surrounding the discharge vessel High-pressure discharge lamp is applied. In automotive headlights High-pressure discharge lamps used is this electrically conductive Layer also advantageously as an optical diaphragm for production of the low beam.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand zweier bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung
Figur 2
Eine Seitenansicht einer Hochdruckentladungslampe mit Zündhilfselektrode zum Betrieb an der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung in schematischer Darstellung
Figur 3
Eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung gemäß eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of two preferred exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figure 1
A schematic representation of the circuit arrangement according to the invention
Figure 2
A side view of a high-pressure discharge lamp with auxiliary ignition electrode for operation on the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a schematic representation
Figure 3
A schematic representation of the circuit arrangement according to the invention according to a second embodiment

IV. Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele IV. Preferred embodiments

Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch das Schaltungsprinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe mit einer elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme von ca. 35 W. Diese Schaltungsanordnung besitzt einen Gegentaktwandler, der an seinem Eingang von einer 12 V-Gleichspannungsquelle U gespeist wird, und einen Lastkreis, in den die zu betreibende Hochdruckentladungslampe geschaltet ist, sowie eine Impuls-Zündvorrichtung für die Hochdruckentladungslampe.Figure 1 shows schematically the circuit principle of the invention Circuit arrangement for operating a metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption of approx. 35 W. This circuit arrangement has a push-pull converter on its Input is fed by a 12 V DC voltage source U, and one Load circuit in which the high-pressure discharge lamp to be operated is connected and a pulse ignition device for the high-pressure discharge lamp.

Der Gegentaktwandler wird im wesentlichen von zwei Feldeffekttransistoren T1, T2, ihrer Ansteuerungsvorrichtung A und einem Transformator TR1 mit zwei Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b und zwei Sekundärwicklungen w1c, w1d gebildet. Der geerdete Minuspol der Gleichspannungsquelle U ist mit den Source-Anschlüssen beider Feldeffekttransistoren T1, T2 verbunden. Der Pluspol der Gleichspannungsquelle U ist über einen Mittenabgriff M einerseits mit einem ersten Anschluß der ersten Primärwicklung w1a des Transformators TR1 und andererseits mit einem ersten Anschluß der zweiten Primärwicklung w1b des Transformators TR1 verbunden. Der zweite Anschluß der ersten Primärwicklung w1a ist mit dem Drain-Anschluß des ersten Feldeffekttransistors T1 verbunden und der zweite Anschluß der zweiten Primärwicklung w1b ist zum Drain-Anschluß des zweiten Feldeffekttransistors T2 geführt. Die erste Sekundärwicklung w1c ist in den Lastkreis geschaltet, während die zweite Sekundärwicklung w1d des Transformators TR1 an die Zündvorrichtung angeschlossen ist.The push-pull converter is essentially made up of two field effect transistors T1, T2, their control device A and a transformer TR1 with two primary windings w1a, w1b and two secondary windings w1c, w1d formed. The earthed negative pole of the DC voltage source U is also connected to the source connections of both field effect transistors T1, T2. The The positive pole of the direct voltage source U is on the one hand via a center tap M. with a first connection of the first primary winding w1a of the transformer TR1 and on the other hand with a first connection of the second primary winding w1b of the transformer TR1 connected. The second connection the first primary winding is w1a with the drain of the first field effect transistor T1 connected and the second terminal of the second primary winding w1b is for the drain connection of the second field effect transistor T2 led. The first secondary winding w1c is connected to the load circuit, while the second secondary winding w1d of the transformer TR1 to the Ignition device is connected.

Der Lastkreis enthält neben der Sekundärwicklung w1c noch eine Resonanzinduktivität L1, einen Resonanzkondensator C1 und zwei Anschlüsse für die zu betreibende Hochdruckentladungslampe LP. Die Resonanzinduktivität L1 und der Resonanzkondensator C1 bilden einen Serienresonanzkreis, der von der Sekundärwicklung w1c des Transformators TR1 mit einer mittelfrequenten Wechselspannung versorgt wird. Die Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe LP ist derart an den Lastkreis angeschlossen, daß die durch ihre Hauptelektroden E1, E2 definierte Entladungsstrecke parallel zum Resonanzkondensator C1 geschaltet ist. Ein Anschluß der ersten Sekundärwicklung w1c ist über die Resonanzinduktivität L1 und den Verzweigungspunkt V1 mit einem Anschluß des Resonanzkondensators C1 und mit der Elektrode E1 der Hochdruckentladungslampe LP verbunden. Der andere Anschluß der ersten Sekundärwicklung w1c ist über den Verzweigungspunkt V2 mit dem anderen Anschluß des Resonanzkondensators C1 und mit der Elektrode E2 der Hochdruckentladungslampe LP verbunden.In addition to the secondary winding w1c, the load circuit also contains a resonance inductance L1, a resonance capacitor C1 and two connections for the high-pressure discharge lamp LP to be operated. The resonance inductance L1 and the resonance capacitor C1 form a series resonance circuit, that of the secondary winding w1c of the transformer TR1 with a medium frequency AC voltage is supplied. The metal halide high pressure discharge lamp LP is connected to the load circuit in such a way that the discharge path defined by its main electrodes E1, E2 is connected in parallel to the resonance capacitor C1. A connection of the first Secondary winding w1c is across the resonance inductor L1 and the branch point V1 with a connection of the resonance capacitor C1 and connected to the electrode E1 of the high-pressure discharge lamp LP. The other connection of the first secondary winding w1c is over the branch point V2 with the other terminal of the resonance capacitor C1 and connected to the electrode E2 of the high-pressure discharge lamp LP.

Die Impuls-Zündvorrichtung wird von einer Funkenstrecke FS, einem Stoßkondensator C3, einem Impulstransformator TR2, einer Gleichrichterdiode D1, einem ohmschen Widerstand R1, einem Feldeffekttransistor T3 und der zweiten Sekundärwicklung w1d des Transformators TR1 gebildet. Ein erster Anschluß der zweiten Sekundärwicklung w1d ist mit der Kathode der Gleichrichterdiode D1 verbunden. Die Anode der Gleichrichterdiode D1 ist über den Verzweigungspunkt V3 einem ersten Anschluß der Funkenstrecke FS und mit einem ersten Anschluß der Primärwicklung w2a des Impulstransformators TR2 verbunden. Der zweite Anschluß der Primärwicklung w2a ist über den Verzweigungspunkt V4 an einen ersten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung w2b des Impulstransformators TR2 und an einen Anschluß des Stoßkondensators C3 angeschlossen. Der andere Anschluß des Stoßkondensators C3 ist über den Verzweigungspunkt V5 mit dem zweiten Anschluß der Funkenstrecke FS und mit dem ohmschen Widerstand R1 verbunden. Der Verzweigungspunkt V5 liegt auf dem gleichen elektrischen Potential wie der Verzweigungspunkt V2. Der ohmsche Widerstand R1 ist über die Source-Drain-Strecke des Feldeffekttransistors T3 mit dem zweiten Anschluß der zweiten Sekundärwicklung w1d des Transformators TR1 verbunden. Der zweite Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung w2b des Impulstransformators TR2 bildet den Zündspannungsausgang der Impuls-Zündvorrichtung. Er ist an die Zündhilfselektrode ZE der Hochdruckentladungslampe LP angeschlossen. The pulse ignition device is a spark gap FS, a surge capacitor C3, a pulse transformer TR2, a rectifier diode D1, an ohmic resistor R1, a field effect transistor T3 and the second secondary winding w1d of the transformer TR1 is formed. A first one Connection of the second secondary winding w1d with the cathode Rectifier diode D1 connected. The anode of the rectifier diode is D1 via the branch point V3 a first connection of the spark gap FS and with a first connection of the primary winding w2a of the pulse transformer TR2 connected. The second connection of the primary winding w2a is via the branch point V4 to a first connection Secondary winding w2b of the pulse transformer TR2 and to a connection of the surge capacitor C3 connected. The other connection of the Surge capacitor C3 is across branch point V5 to the second Connection of the spark gap FS and connected to the ohmic resistor R1. The branch point V5 is at the same electrical potential like branch point V2. The ohmic resistance R1 is over the source-drain path of the field effect transistor T3 with the second terminal connected to the second secondary winding w1d of the transformer TR1. The second connection of the secondary winding w2b of the pulse transformer TR2 forms the ignition voltage output of the pulse ignition device. It is connected to the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE of the high-pressure discharge lamp LP connected.

Bei der in Figur 2 abgebildeten Hochdruckentladungslampe LP handelt es sich um eine einseitig gesockelte Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe LP mit einer elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme von ca. 35 W. Sie bildet zusammen mit einem darauf abgestimmten Betriebsgerät, das die in Figur 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung aufweist, ein für einen Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer verwendbares Beleuchtungssystem. Die Lampe LP besitzt ein Entladungsgefäß 1 aus Quarzglas, in dem eine ionisierbare Füllung gasdicht eingeschlossen ist. Die ionisierbare Füllung enthält Xenon und Metallhalogenidverbindungen. Die beiden Enden 1a, 1b des Entladungsgefäßes 1 sind jeweils mittels einer Molybdänfolien-Einschmelzung 2a, 2b abgedichtet. Im Innenraum des Entladungsgefäßes 1 befinden sich zwei Elektroden E1, E2, zwischen denen sich während des Lampenbetriebes der für die Lichtemission verantwortliche Entladungsbogen ausbildet. Diese Hauptelektroden E1, E2 sind jeweils über eine der MolybdänfolienEinschmelzungen 2a, 2b elektrisch leitend mit einer Stromzuführung 3a, 3b des Lampensockels 4 verbunden. Das Entladungsgefäß 1 wird von einem gläsernen Außenkolben 5 umhüllt. Eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Aufbaus dieser Lampe LP findet man beispielsweise in der Offenlegungsschrift EP 0 696 046. Die Zündhilfselektrode ZE wird hier bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung von einer dünnen metallischen Beschichtung auf der äußeren Oberfläche des Außenkolbens 5 gebildet. Die dünne metallische Beschichtung ZE besitzt die Form eines langgestreckten Streifens, der sich vom sockelnahen Ende des Außenkolbens 5 ungefähr bis auf die Höhe des Entladungsgefäßmittelpunktes erstreckt, so daß das sockelferne Ende der Zündhilfselektrode ZE annähernd gleich weit von beiden Elektroden E1, E2 entfernt ist.The high-pressure discharge lamp LP shown in FIG. 2 is concerned a single-ended metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp LP with an electrical power consumption of approx. 35 W. Sie forms together with a matching control gear that the in 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention lighting system usable for a motor vehicle headlight. The Lamp LP has a discharge vessel 1 made of quartz glass, in which an ionizable Filling is enclosed gas-tight. The ionizable filling contains Xenon and metal halide compounds. The two ends 1a, 1b of the discharge vessel 1 are each by means of a molybdenum foil melting 2a, 2b sealed. Are located in the interior of the discharge vessel 1 two electrodes E1, E2, between which there are during lamp operation forms the discharge arc responsible for the light emission. This Main electrodes E1, E2 are each melted over one of the molybdenum foil 2a, 2b electrically conductive with a power supply 3a, 3b the lamp base 4 connected. The discharge vessel 1 is one glass outer envelope 5 envelops. A detailed description of the structure this lamp LP can be found, for example, in the published patent application EP 0 696 046. The auxiliary ignition electrode ZE is used in this exemplary embodiment the invention of a thin metallic coating on the outer surface of the outer bulb 5 is formed. The thin metallic coating ZE has the shape of an elongated strip that extends from the near the base end of the outer bulb 5 approximately to the level of the discharge vessel center extends so that the distal end of the ignition auxiliary electrode ZE is approximately the same distance from both electrodes E1, E2 is.

Die von der Ansteuerungsvorrichtung A angesteuerten Feldeffekttransistoren T1, T2 schalten alternierend mit einer Schaltfrequenz von ungefähr 800 kHz, so daß - ohne Berücksichtigung des Kondensators C2 - die beiden Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b des Transformators TR1 abwechselnd mit der 12 V-Gleichspannungsquelle U verbunden sind. Durch die Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b fließt daher ein Wechselstrom, dessen Frequenz mit der Schaltfrequenz des Gegentaktwandlers übereinstimmt. Die Kapazität des Kondensators C2 ist so auf die Induktivität der Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b abgestimmt, daß die Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b und der Kondensator C2 bei der Schaltfrequenz des Gegentaktwandlers T1, T2 einen Resonanzkreis bilden, mit dessen Hilfe die in den Feldeffekttransistoren T1, T2 auftretenden Schaltverluste reduziert werden. Die am Kondensator C2 abfallende Spannung ist nahezu sinusförmig. Der Spannungsverlauf an den Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b beschreibt jeweils eine Sinushalbschwingung, deren Spitzenwert aufgrund der Resonanzüberhöhung ungefähr 24 V beträgt. Beide Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b sind induktiv an beide Sekundärwicklungen w1c, w1d des Transformators TR1 gekoppelt. Die Primärwicklungen w1a, w1b besitzen jeweils 3 Windungen und die Sekundärwicklungen w1c, w1d jeweils 40 Windungen, so daß die vom Gegentaktwandler T1, T2 generierte Wechselspannung mit einem Übersetzungsverhältnis von annähernd 13:1 mittels der ersten Sekundärwicklung w1c in den Lastkreis und mittels der zweiten Sekundärwicklung w1d in die Impuls-Zündvorrichtung übertragen wird. Die in den Sekundärwicklungen w1c, w1d induzierten Spitzenspannungen betragen ungefähr 500 V. Die Frequenzen der Induktionsspannungen im Lastkreis und in der Zündvorrichtung stimmen mit der Frequenz der vom Gegentaktwandler T1, T2 erzeugten Wechselspannung überein.The field effect transistors controlled by the control device A. T1, T2 switch alternately with a switching frequency of approximately 800 kHz, so that - without taking capacitor C2 into account - the two Primary windings w1a, w1b of the transformer TR1 alternately with the 12 V DC voltage source U are connected. Through the primary windings w1a, w1b therefore flows an alternating current, the frequency of which corresponds to the switching frequency of the push-pull converter matches. The capacitance of the capacitor C2 is matched to the inductance of the primary windings w1a, w1b, that the primary windings w1a, w1b and the capacitor C2 the switching frequency of the push-pull converter T1, T2 form a resonance circuit, with the help of those occurring in the field effect transistors T1, T2 Switching losses can be reduced. The voltage drop across capacitor C2 is almost sinusoidal. The voltage curve on the primary windings w1a, w1b each describe a sinusoidal half-wave whose peak value is approximately 24 V due to the resonance increase. Both primary windings w1a, w1b are inductive to both secondary windings w1c, w1d of the transformer TR1 coupled. The primary windings w1a, w1b each have 3 turns and the secondary windings w1c, w1d each 40 turns, so that those generated by the push-pull converter T1, T2 AC voltage with a gear ratio of approximately 13: 1 by means of the first secondary winding w1c in the load circuit and by means of the second secondary winding w1d transferred to the pulse ignition device becomes. The peak voltages induced in the secondary windings w1c, w1d are approximately 500 V. The frequencies of the induction voltages in the load circuit and in the ignition device agree with the frequency of the AC voltage generated by the push-pull converter T1, T2.

Zum Zünden der Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe LP wird mittels des Schalttransistors T3 die Impuls-Zündvorrichtung aktiviert. Dazu wird das Gate des Feldeffekttransistors T3 von einem integrierten Schaltkreis (nicht abgebildet), insbesondere einer Timer-Schaltung, angesteuert. Bei durchgeschaltetem Transistor T3 lädt sich der Stoßkondensator C3 über die Gleichrichterdiode D1 und die Primärwicklung w2a des Impulstransformators TR2 auf, um sich dann jeweils beim Erreichen der Durchbruchsspannung der Funkenstrecke FS stoßweise wieder zu entladen. Die stoßweise auftretenden Entladungsströme des Kondensators C3 fließen durch die Primärwicklung w2a des Impulstransformators TR2 und werden von der Sekundärwicklung w2b in Hochspannungsimpulse umgewandelt, die der Zündhilfselektrode ZE der Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe LP zugeführt und kapazitiv in die Lampe LP eingekoppelt werden. Diese von der Sekundärwicklung w2b an die Zündhilfselektrode ZE übertragenen Hochspannungs-Zündimpulse sind unipolar und in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel positiv gepolt. Sie erreichen Spitzenwerte von ca. 30 kV. Da der Stoßkondensator C3 und die Primärwicklung w2a als Schwingkreis ausgebildet sind, wird bei jeder Entladung des Kondensators C3 nicht nur ein Zündspannungsimpuls erzeugt, sondern eine ganze Kaskade von Hochspannungsimpulsen für die Zündhilfselektrode ZE ausgelöst.For igniting the metal halide high pressure discharge lamp LP the pulse ignition device is activated by means of the switching transistor T3. For this purpose, the gate of the field effect transistor T3 is integrated Circuit (not shown), in particular a timer circuit. When transistor T3 is turned on, surge capacitor C3 charges via the rectifier diode D1 and the primary winding w2a of the pulse transformer TR2 on to then each time the breakdown voltage is reached to discharge the spark gap FS intermittently. The intermittent discharge currents of the capacitor C3 flow through the primary winding w2a of the pulse transformer TR2 and converted into high-voltage pulses by the secondary winding w2b, that of the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE of the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp LP supplied and capacitively coupled into the lamp LP. This from the secondary winding w2b to the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE transmitted high-voltage ignition pulses are unipolar and in this Embodiment polarized positive. You reach peak values of approx. 30 kV. Since the surge capacitor C3 and the primary winding w2a as The resonant circuit is formed each time the capacitor is discharged C3 not only generates an ignition voltage pulse, but an entire cascade triggered by high-voltage pulses for the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE.

Die erste Sekundärwicklung w1c des Transformators TR1 versorgt den Lastkreis, der die Resonanzkreisbauteile L1, C1 und Anschlüsse für die Hochdruckentladungslampe LP enthält, mit einer Eingangsspannung von ca. 500 V. Mittels des Serienresonanzkreises L1, C1 wird eine Resonanzüberhöhung dieser Eingangsspannung von ca. 500 V bis 1500 V erzielt. Die in dem Resonanzkreis L1, C1 gespeicherte Energie wird der Lampe LP unmittelbar nach ihrer Zündung als Übernahme-Energie zur Verfügung gestellt, um einen schnellen Anlauf der Lampe und insbesondere einen schnellen Übergang von der Glimm- in die Bogenentladung zu gewährleisten. Die Resonanzkreisbauelemente C1, L1 sind so dimensioniert, daß die verfügbare Übernahme-Energie optimal auf die zu betreibende Lampe LP abgestimmt ist. Bei dem hier erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel einer 35W-Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe besitzt der Resonanzkondensator C1 eine Kapazität von 330 pF und die Resonanzinduktivität L1 eine Induktivität von 50 µH, so daß sich für den Serienresonanzkreis L1, C1 eine Resonanzfrequenz von 1,2 MHz ergibt. Bereits während der Zünd- und Anlaufphase der Lampe LP wird ihre Versorgungsspannung, das heißt, die über ihren Elektroden E1, E2 abfallende Spannung, frequenzmoduliert. Die Trägerfrequenmz und der Frequenzhub sowie die Modulationsfrequenz sind so gewählt, daß die verfügbare Übernahme-Energie optimal auf die zu betreibende Lampe LP abgestimmt ist.The first secondary winding w1c of the transformer TR1 supplies the load circuit, of the resonant circuit components L1, C1 and connections for the high-pressure discharge lamp LP contains, with an input voltage of approx. 500 V. By means of the series resonance circuit L1, C1 there is an increase in resonance this input voltage of approx. 500 V to 1500 V is achieved. The one in the Resonance circuit L1, C1, stored energy is the lamp LP immediately after their ignition as a takeover energy provided to one quick start of the lamp and especially a quick transition from glow to arc discharge. The resonance circuit components C1, L1 are dimensioned so that the available Takeover energy optimally matched to the lamp to be operated LP is. In the exemplary embodiment explained here of a 35W metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp owns the resonance capacitor C1 has a capacitance of 330 pF and the resonance inductance L1 has an inductance of 50 µH, so that there is a resonance frequency for the series resonance circuit L1, C1 of 1.2 MHz. Already during the ignition and start-up phase The lamp LP becomes its supply voltage, that is, the one above their electrodes E1, E2 falling voltage, frequency modulated. The carrier frequency and the frequency swing and the modulation frequency are so chosen that the available takeover energy optimally to the operated Lamp LP is matched.

Nach Beendigung der Zünd- und Anlaufphase der Halogen-Metalldampf-Hochdruckentladungslampe LP wird die Lampe mit einer frequenzmodulierten Wechselspannung betrieben. Die Trägerfrequenz oder Mittenfrequenz dieser frequenzmodulierten Wechselspannung beträgt ca. 800 kHz und der Frequenzhub ungefähr 100 kHz, so daß die Frequenz der Lampenbetriebsspannung periodisch zwischen 700 kHz und 900 kHz variiert. Die Modulationsfrequenz beträgt ca. 1,5 kHz. Das Modulationssignal ist dreieckförmig. Durch die Modulation wird ein flimmerfreier stabiler Entladungsbogen erreicht.After the ignition and start-up phase of the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp has ended LP is the lamp with a frequency modulated AC operated. The carrier frequency or center frequency this frequency-modulated AC voltage is approximately 800 kHz and the Frequency swing about 100 kHz, so that the frequency of the lamp operating voltage periodically varies between 700 kHz and 900 kHz. The modulation frequency is approximately 1.5 kHz. The modulation signal is triangular. The modulation results in a flicker-free, stable discharge arc.

Die Frequenzmodulation der Wechselspannung wird mit Hilfe eines zur Ansteuerungsvorrichtung A gehörenden Frequenzgenerator (nicht abgebildet) durchgeführt. Da die Ansteuerungsvorrichtung A für das Verständnis der vorliegenden Erfindung unwesentlich ist, soll diese hier nicht näher erläutert werden. Die Ansteuerungsvorrichtung kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines integrierten Schaltkreises realisiert werden, dessen Ausgang mit den Gate-Anschlüssen der Feldeffekttransistoren T1, T2 verbunden ist und der die Zeitabläufe aller Prozesse in der gesamten Schaltungsanordnung steuert. Üblicherweise ermöglicht die Ansteuerungsvorrichtung A auch eine Leistungsregelung der Lampe LP mittels einer Pulsweitenmodulation des Steuersignals für die Feldeffekttransistoren T1, T2 des Gegentaktwandlers. Die Ansteuerungsvorrichtung A kann aber auch mit Hilfe eines zusätzlichen Transformators erfolgen, wie das beispielsweise in den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0 294 604 und EP 0 294 605 offenbart ist.The frequency modulation of the AC voltage becomes a control device with the aid of a A owned frequency generator (not shown) carried out. Since the control device A for understanding the Is not essential to the present invention, this is not explained here become. The control device can, for example, with the aid of a Integrated circuit can be realized, its output with the gate connections the field effect transistors T1, T2 is connected and the Controls the timings of all processes in the entire circuit arrangement. The control device A usually also enables a power control the lamp LP by means of pulse width modulation of the control signal for the field effect transistors T1, T2 of the push-pull converter. The Control device A can also with the help of an additional Transformers take place, as is the case, for example, in European patent applications EP 0 294 604 and EP 0 294 605 is disclosed.

Die Figur 3 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung. Dieses zweite Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich vom ersten Ausführungsbeispiel nur durch die im Lastkreis angeordnete Resonanzinduktivität, die beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel von zwei gleich großen Induktivitäten L1', L1" gebildet wird. Aus diesem Grund wurden in den Figuren 1 und 3 für identische Bauteile dieselben Bezugszeichen gewählt. Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Bauteile L1', L1", C1 des Serienresonanzkreises symmetrisch bezüglich der Lampenelektroden E1, E2 angeordnet. Das heißt, ein erster Anschluß der ersten Resonanzinduktivität L1' ist mit einem ersten Anschluß der ersten Sekundärwicklung w1c des Transformators TR1 verbunden, während ihr zweiter Anschluß über den Verbindungspunkt V1 mit der ersten Lampenelektrode E1 und mit einem ersten Anschluß des Resonanzkondensators C1 verbunden ist. Analog dazu ist der erste Anschluß der zweiten Resonanzinduktivität L1" mit dem zweiten Anschluß der ersten Sekundärwicklung w1c und ihr zweiter Anschluß über den Verbindungspunkt V2 mit der zweiten Lampenelektrode E2 und mit dem zweiten Anschluß des Resonanzkondensators C1 verbunden. Dadurch wird, insbesondere während der Anlaufphase der Hochdruckentladungslampe LP, in der der Übergang von der Glimm- zur Bogenentladung erfolgt, die im Serienresonanzkreis L1', L1", C1 gespeicherte Energie symmetrisch über beide Lampenelektroden E1, E2 in die Hochdruckentladungslampe LP eingekoppelt. Der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels stimmen in allen anderen Teilen mit dem Aufbau und der Funktionsweise des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels überein.Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention Circuitry. This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only by that arranged in the load circuit Resonance inductance that in the second embodiment of two inductors L1 ', L1 "of equal size is formed. For this reason, the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 and 3 for identical components selected. In the second embodiment, the components are L1 ', L1 ", C1 the series resonance circuit symmetrical with respect to the lamp electrodes E1, E2 arranged. That is, a first connection of the first resonance inductor L1 'is with a first connection of the first secondary winding w1c Transformer TR1 connected, while its second connection on the Connection point V1 with the first lamp electrode E1 and with a first terminal of the resonance capacitor C1 is connected. Similarly is the first connection of the second resonance inductor L1 "with the second Connection of the first secondary winding w1c and its second connection via the connection point V2 with the second lamp electrode E2 and connected to the second terminal of the resonance capacitor C1. Thereby is, especially during the startup phase of the high pressure discharge lamp LP, in which the transition from glow to arc discharge takes place, the energy stored in the series resonance circuit L1 ', L1 ", C1 symmetrically via both lamp electrodes E1, E2 into the high-pressure discharge lamp LP coupled. The structure and functioning of the second Embodiment agree in all other parts with the structure and the operation of the first embodiment.

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf die oben näher beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele. Beispielsweise kann zwischen der Niedervolt-Spannungsquelle U und dem Eingang des Gegentaktwandlers noch ein Hochfrequenzfilter geschaltet sein, das eine Funkentstörung der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung bewirkt und die Rückwirkung der vom Gegentaktwandler generierten hoch- bzw. mittelfrequenten Schwingung auf die Spannungsquelle erheblich vermindert. Ferner kann anstelle eines Gegentaktwandlers auch ein anderer Spannungswandler verwendet werden. Die Zündvorrichtung kann statt einer Funkenstrecke auch einen anderen automatischen Schalter, beispielsweise eine Vierschichtdiode, einen Triac oder ein anderes als Schwellwertschalter ausgebildetes Halbleiterbauteil aufweisen. Außerdem kann der Schalttransistor T3 der Zündvorrichtung auch durch ein Relais ersetzt werden.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described in more detail above. For example, between the low-voltage voltage source U and the input of the push-pull converter still a high-frequency filter be switched, the interference suppression of the invention Circuit arrangement causes and the retroactive effect of the push-pull converter generated high or medium frequency vibration on the voltage source significantly reduced. Furthermore, instead of a push-pull converter another voltage converter can also be used. The Ignition device can also be another automatic instead of a spark gap Switches, for example a four-layer diode, a triac or a have other semiconductor component designed as a threshold switch. In addition, the switching transistor T3 of the ignition device can also be switched on Relays to be replaced.

Es ist aber auch möglich, den Transistor T3 zwischen der Diode D1 und dem Verzweigungspunkt V3 in die Zündvorrichtung zu schalten und dabei die Diode D1 so zu polen, daß ihre Anode mit der Sekundärwicklung w1d und ihre Kathode mit dem Drain-Anschluß des Transistors T3 verbunden ist. Der Verzweigungspunkt V5 ist dann über den Widerstand R1 mit der Sekundärwicklung w1d verbunden.But it is also possible to connect the transistor T3 between the diode D1 and the To switch branch point V3 in the ignition device and the Pole diode D1 so that its anode with the secondary winding w1d and its cathode is connected to the drain of transistor T3. The Branch point V5 is then via resistor R1 with the secondary winding w1d connected.

Für die Zündhilfselektrode ZE der Hochdruckentladungslampe sind ebenfalls verschiedene Ausführungsformen möglich. Beispielsweise kann die Zündhilfselektrode auch als dünne metallische Beschichtung auf der Innenseite des Außenkolbens oder auf der Außenseite des Entladungsgefäßes ausgebildet sein. Ferner kann die in Figur 2 dargestellte streifenartige Zündhilfselektrode ZE auf der Außenseite des Außenkolbens auch verbreitet und derart ausgeformt werden, daß sie zugleich auch als optische Blende oder Abschatter zur Erzeugung des Abblendlichts dienen kann. Schließlich ist es auch möglich, die Zündhilfselektrode aus einem Draht zu fertigen, der sich parallel zur Lampenlängsachse innerhalb oder außerhalb des Außenkolbens erstreckt, oder der um das Entladungsgefäß geschlungen ist. Also for the auxiliary ignition electrode ZE are the high-pressure discharge lamp different embodiments possible. For example, the Auxiliary electrode also as a thin metallic coating on the inside of the outer bulb or on the outside of the discharge vessel his. Furthermore, the strip-like ignition auxiliary electrode shown in FIG. 2 can ZE also spread on the outside of the outer bulb and be shaped in such a way that they also serve as an optical diaphragm or Shadows can serve to generate the low beam. After all it is also possible to manufacture the auxiliary ignition electrode from a wire that is parallel to the lamp's longitudinal axis inside or outside the outer bulb extends, or which is wrapped around the discharge vessel.

Grundsätzlich muß das aus der Hochdruckentladungslampe LP und der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung bestehende Beleuchtungssystem nicht unbedingt Bestandteil eines Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfers sein. Es kann auch für andere Anwendungen, beispielsweise für Projektoren oder andere Foto-Optik-Anwendungen, genutzt werden. In diesem Fall stammt die Versorgungsspannung U nicht vom Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Es kann sich dann bei der Versorgungsspannung U auch um die gleichgerichtete Wechselspannung einer Wechselspannungsquelle handeln.Basically, this must be done from the high-pressure discharge lamp LP and the invention Circuit arrangement existing lighting system not necessarily be part of a motor vehicle headlight. It can also for other applications, for example for projectors or others Photo optics applications. In this case the supply voltage comes from U not from the electrical system of a motor vehicle. It can then at the supply voltage U also around the rectified AC voltage act from an AC voltage source.

Claims (15)

  1. Circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure discharge lamp having an electric power consumption of less than or equal to 100 W,
    a voltage converter (T1, T2) which generates an AC voltage,
    a transformer (TR1) which is connected to the voltage converter (T1, T2),
    a pulse ignition device for the high-pressure discharge lamp, the pulse ignition device having a voltage input and an igniting voltage output,
    a load circuit, which is designed as a series resonant circuit and into which the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP) is switched and which contains at least one resonance inductor (L1) and at least one resonance capacitor (C1), and
    the transformer (TR1) has at least two secondary windings (w1c, w1d), the first secondary winding (w1c) being switched into the load circuit, and the second secondary winding (w1d) being connected to the voltage input of the pulse ignition device,
    characterized in that
    the igniting voltage output of the pulse ignition device is provided for connection to an auxiliary ignition electrode (ZE) of the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP), and
    the resonant frequency of the unloaded series resonant circuit is between 500 kHz and 3 MHz.
  2. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pulse ignition device contains a surge capacitor (C3), a pulse transformer (TR2) and an automatic switch (FS).
  3. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that the automatic switch (FS) is a spark gap.
  4. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that the automatic switch is a semiconductor component designed as a threshold-value switch.
  5. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ignition device contains a rectifier (D1).
  6. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the voltage converter (T1, T2) is a push-pull converter.
  7. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 6, characterized in that
    the push-pull converter has two switching transistors (T1, T2),
    the transformer (TR1) of the push-pull converter (T1, T2) has two primary windings (w1a, w1b) each with two terminals,
    the first terminal of the first primary winding is connected via a centre tap (M) to the first terminal of the second primary winding (w1b),
    the second terminal of the first primary winding (w1a) is connected to the first switching transistor (T1),
    the centre tap is provided for connection to the positive pole of a direct voltage supply (U),
    the second terminal of the second primary winding (w1b) is connected to the second switching transistor (T2), and
    the push-pull converter (T1, T2) has at least one resonance capacitor (C2), one terminal of the at least one resonance capacitor (C2) being connected to the first terminal of the first primary winding (w1a), and the other terminal of the at least one resonance capacitor (C2) being connected to the second terminal of the second primary winding (w1b).
  8. Operating method for a lighting system which has an operating device with a circuit arrangement in accordance with Claim 1 and a high-pressure discharge lamp with a nominal power of less than or equal to 100 W, with an auxiliary ignition electrode (ZE) which is connected in an electrically conducting fashion to the igniting voltage output of the pulse ignition device, and with a discharge vessel (1) in which there are arranged lamp electrodes (E1, E2) between which a gas discharge forms during lamp operation, characterized in that
    in order to ignite the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP), high-voltage pulses are applied to its auxiliary ignition electrode (ZE) by means of the voltage converter (T1, T2), and the second secondary winding (w1d), connected to the voltage input of the pulse ignition device, of the transformer (TR1) connected to the voltage converter, as well as by means of the pulsed ignition device,
    during the ignition phase of the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP) and during the transition phase, following thereupon, from the glow discharge to the arc discharge by means of the voltage converter (T1, T2) and by means of the first secondary winding (w1c), connected to the series resonant circuit (C1, L1) and supplying the series resonant circuit (C1, L1) with an AC voltage, of the transformer (TR1) connected to the voltage converter, an AC voltage of increased resonance is provided for the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP) by applying the method of resonance increase to the resonance capacitor (C1) connected in parallel with the discharge arc of the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP), and the energy stored in the series resonant circuit (C1, L1) is coupled into the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP) via the lamp electrodes (E1, E2),
    upon termination of the transition phase from the glow discharge to the arc discharge by means of the voltage converter (T1, T2) and the first secondary winding (w1c) of the transformer (TR1), the high-pressure discharge lamp is operated with a frequency-modulated AC voltage, and
    the frequency of the AC voltage on the secondary side (w1c, w1d) of the transformer (TR1) is between 500 kHz and 3 MHz.
  9. Operating method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the high-pressure discharge lamp (LP) is a halogen metal vapour high-pressure discharge lamp, and the amplitude of the AC voltage generated across the resonance capacitor (C1) of the series resonant circuit (L1, C1) by means of resonance increase is between 500 V and 1.5 kV.
  10. Operating method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the carrier frequency of the frequency-modulated AC voltage is between 500 kHz and 2.9 MHz.
  11. Operating method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the frequency deviation of the frequency-modulated AC voltage is 10 kHz to 100 kHz.
  12. Operating method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the modulation frequency of the AC voltage is 100 Hz to 5 kHz.
  13. Operating method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the circuit arrangement is supplied by a low-voltage voltage source.
  14. Operating method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the low-voltage voltage source is a DC voltage source.
  15. Operating method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the power supply of the low-voltage voltage source is lower than 50 V.
EP97910250A 1996-10-23 1997-10-02 High-pressure discharge lamp with an auxiliary ignition electrode as well as circuitry and process for operation Expired - Lifetime EP0868833B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19644115 1996-10-23
DE19644115A DE19644115A1 (en) 1996-10-23 1996-10-23 Circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure discharge lamp and lighting system with a high-pressure discharge lamp and an operating device for the high-pressure discharge lamp
PCT/DE1997/002271 WO1998018297A1 (en) 1996-10-23 1997-10-02 High-pressure discharge lamp with an auxiliary ignition electrode as well as circuitry and process for operation

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EP0868833A1 EP0868833A1 (en) 1998-10-07
EP0868833B1 true EP0868833B1 (en) 2002-01-02

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JP (1) JP2000502502A (en)
KR (1) KR100458873B1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2241184C (en)
CZ (1) CZ196998A3 (en)
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JP2000502502A (en) 2000-02-29
HUP9901522A2 (en) 1999-08-30
CZ196998A3 (en) 1998-10-14
WO1998018297A1 (en) 1998-04-30
CA2241184A1 (en) 1998-04-30
CN1206544A (en) 1999-01-27
HU221364B1 (en) 2002-09-28
DE59706098D1 (en) 2002-02-28
CN1199521C (en) 2005-04-27
US5990633A (en) 1999-11-23
BR9706892A (en) 2000-01-25
KR100458873B1 (en) 2005-02-28
ES2170940T3 (en) 2002-08-16
EP0868833A1 (en) 1998-10-07
TW363331B (en) 1999-07-01
KR19990076671A (en) 1999-10-15
CA2241184C (en) 2006-11-28
HUP9901522A3 (en) 2000-09-28
DE19644115A1 (en) 1998-04-30

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