EP0111373B1 - Circuit arrangement for starting and operating high pressure gas discharge lamps - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for starting and operating high pressure gas discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0111373B1
EP0111373B1 EP83201738A EP83201738A EP0111373B1 EP 0111373 B1 EP0111373 B1 EP 0111373B1 EP 83201738 A EP83201738 A EP 83201738A EP 83201738 A EP83201738 A EP 83201738A EP 0111373 B1 EP0111373 B1 EP 0111373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
capacitor
starting
diode
circuit arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP83201738A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0111373A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Günter Ganser
Ralf Dr. Schäfer
Hans-Peter Dr. Stormberg
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Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Priority to AT83201738T priority Critical patent/ATE27528T1/en
Publication of EP0111373A1 publication Critical patent/EP0111373A1/en
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Publication of EP0111373B1 publication Critical patent/EP0111373B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having a starting switch
    • H05B41/19—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having a starting switch for lamps having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/07—Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for starting and operating high-pressure gas discharge lamps with an outer starting electrode, the discharge lamp being connected in series with a current limiter to a voltage source and a starting pulse generator being provided which has a connection on the secondary side to the starting electrode and on the primary side to a pulse capacitor standing pulse transformer and a voltage-dependent switching element.
  • a problem with starting and operating high pressure gas discharge lamps is the initial ignition of the lamps, i. H. the starting of the cold lamps and the re-ignition after each zero crossing of the mains alternating current or every direct current pulse. This applies per se to all high-pressure gas discharge lamps, e.g. B. for mercury vapor or sodium vapor discharge lamps, but especially for metal halide discharge lamps.
  • the discharge lamps To facilitate the starting of high pressure gas discharge lamps, it is e.g. B. from DE-OS-2717 853 and 31 09 539 known to provide the discharge lamps with an outer starting electrode and to apply a high-frequency high-voltage pulse between them and one of the main electrodes for starting.
  • the starting electrode is e.g. B. formed as a wire loop or wire coil around the lamp bulb; it can also be a wire tip attached near the lamp.
  • the lamp is not always started regularly with the first start pulse. The lamp often ignites only briefly during the first start pulse and then goes out again. The lamp only starts to burn continuously after the start pulse has been repeated several times. This starting behavior has a disadvantageous effect on the life of the lamp, since the lamp bulb often ignites due to frequent ignition.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a circuit arrangement for starting and operating high-pressure gas discharge lamps, in which the lamp starts to burn continuously already at the first start pulse, although the voltage applied to the main electrodes of the lamp is relatively low and at least below that Mains AC voltage is.
  • the voltage source is a full-wave rectifier connected to an AC voltage network, the output of which is bridged by a series circuit with a diode and a further capacitor, which partially overlaps after each half cycle of the AC network voltage discharges the lamp, with a high-resistance resistor connected to the current limiter connected in the circuit between the diode-side end of this capacitor and the lamp, which limits the discharge current of the capacitor (5) via the ignited lamp (3) to a maximum of 30 mA.
  • the lamp does not go out even after the zero crossings of the AC line voltage following the first ignition. It is sufficient if the capacitor has a value between 10 nF and 1 f.LF depending on the lamp type. To avoid reignition difficulties, it is sufficient if a very small current flows in the discharge circuit between the capacitor and the lamp, which current is between approximately 1 and 30 mA, depending on the lamp size. This is achieved by limiting the current through the lamp through the high resistance. At the same time, a substantial discharge of the relatively small additional capacitor is avoided.
  • the starting process is thus considerably improved by the circuit part formed from the diode, the further capacitor and the high-resistance resistor. Without this circuit part, the start pulse must be repeated several times until the lamp burns continuously, while when the relevant circuit part is switched on, the first ignition occurs regularly with the first start pulse.
  • the further capacitor also serves as a pulse capacitor, which leads to a simplification of the circuit and a saving in components.
  • the current limiter is an ohmic resistor which is connected in series with another diode.
  • the current limiter can also be an electronic ballast, for. B. a chopper or a flyback converter, to which a further diode is connected in series, the lamp-side end of the high-resistance resistor being connected between this further diode and the ballast.
  • ballasts usually in series with the lamp switching transistor in the vicinity of the zero crossings of the AC line voltage and when the lamp is not lit or when a low-current glow discharge occurs, so that a current can flow from the capacitor through the high-resistance resistor through the lamp.
  • a and B designate input terminals for connection to an AC voltage network of 220 V, 50 Hz.
  • a full-wave rectifier 1 with four diodes is connected to these input terminals, possibly via a line filter. which generates a pulsating direct current.
  • a high-pressure gas discharge lamp 3 is connected in series with a current limiter 2 to the output of the full-wave rectifier 1.
  • the output of the full-wave rectifier 1 is also bridged by a series connection of a diode 4 and a capacitor 5.
  • a resistor 6 with respect to the current limiter 2 is connected.
  • the current limiter 2 is an ohmic resistor 2, which is connected in series with a further diode 7 to avoid reverse currents.
  • this trigger diode 14 As soon as this voltage across the capacitor 12 reaches the ignition voltage U z of a trigger diode 14 (approximately 30 V), this trigger diode 14 and then also a subsequent thyristor 15 becomes conductive, so that the pulse capacitor 9 discharges via the primary winding of the ignition transformer 10 and thereby in whose secondary winding causes a voltage pulse of a few kilovolts, which is applied to a starting electrode C of the lamp 3. After the discharge of the pulse capacitor 9, the thyristor 15 becomes high-resistance again. If the lamp 3 starts, the voltage U L applied to the lamp drops to a value of the lamp operating voltage. By a suitable choice of the resistance ratio R 13 / (R 1 , + R 13 ) it can be achieved that in this state the ignition voltage U z of the trigger diode 14 is no longer reached, so that no start pulses are generated when the lamp is on.
  • the capacitor 5 charges via the diode 4 to the peak value of the mains voltage of approximately 300 V, the diode 4 serving to prevent the capacitor 5 from being discharged during the zero crossings of the mains AC voltage.
  • the capacitor 5 is partially discharged via the lamp 3.
  • the high-resistance resistor 6 serves to limit the discharge current to small values between approximately 1 and 30 mA, so that the voltage across the capacitor 5 drops only insignificantly and the lamp 3 thus has a practically constant voltage of approximately 300 V available during the entire warm-up phase. Surprisingly, this also improves the starting property of the lamp 3, ie. H.
  • the lamp is first ignited regularly at the first start impulse.
  • the current limiter is an electronic ballast 16, such as. Described in U.S. Patent No. 3,890,537.
  • a further diode 7 is in turn connected upstream of this ballast 16.
  • the lamp-side end of the high-resistance resistor 6 is connected between this further diode 7 and the ballast 16.
  • the high-resistance resistor 6 helps to reduce the discharge current from the capacitor 5 via the ballast 16 through the lamp 3 during the zero crossings of the AC mains voltage.
  • the further diode 7 prevents a reverse current from the capacitor 5 to the full-wave rectifier 1.
  • the circuit part consisting of the diode 4, the further capacitor 5 and the high-resistance resistor 6 ensures that the lamp 3 ignites at the first start pulse.
  • the electronic ballast 16 z. B. is a forward converter, its switching transistor is turned on near the zero crossings of the AC line voltage and when the lamp is not lit or when a low-current glow discharge occurs, so that during this time a current from the capacitor 5 via the high-resistance resistor 6 directly to the lamp 3 can flow. Outside the zero crossings of the AC mains voltage, the switching transistor of the electronic ballast 16 usually only works with a pulse duty factor of about 30%, so that the current from the capacitor 5 via the high-resistance resistor 6 is also interrupted with this pulse duty factor.
  • the power loss in the high-resistance resistor 6 is reduced to 30%, but this does not have any disadvantages for the ignition behavior of the lamp 3, since the additional current from the capacitor 5 only flows through the lamp 3 in the vicinity of the zero crossings of the AC line voltage and when a glow discharge occurs got to.
  • FIG. 3 A simplification of a circuit arrangement equipped with an electronic ballast 16 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the additional capacitor 5 is used simultaneously as a pulse capacitor for generating the start pulse of the lamp 3.
  • the capacitor 5 is in series with the diode 4, the limiting resistor 8 and the primary winding of the ignition transformer 10.
  • the resistor 8 has a value of only 20 kOhm with otherwise identical components.
  • the high-resistance resistor 6 can also be connected to the lamp 3 via an additional switching transistor, which leads to a reduction in the power loss in the high-resistance resistor 6.
  • this switching transistor is then switched on and off via a control circuit which is regulated by the rectified mains voltage. If the instantaneous value of this rectified mains voltage in the vicinity of the zero crossings of the mains AC voltage falls below a value of z. B. 50 V, the switching transistor is turned on so that an additional current can flow from the capacitor 5 through the high-resistance resistor 6 through the lamp 3. At instantaneous values of the rectified mains voltage above z. B. 50 V, d. H. During the major part of the AC line voltage period, the switching transistor is switched non-conductive by the control circuit and thus the current through the high-resistance resistor 6 is interrupted.

Abstract

A circuit arrangement for starting and operating a high-pressure gas discharge lamp having an outer starting electrode connected to an igniter. A full-wave rectifier (1) is connected to an alternating voltage supply (A, B) and has an output shunted by a series arrangement of a diode (4) and a capacitor (5). The capacitor is discharged in part through the lamp (3) after each half period of the alternating voltage. A resistor (6), which is high-ohmic with respect to a current limiter (2), is connected in the current circuit between the end of the capacitor (5) facing the diode (4) and the lamp (3). Thus, starting of the lamp is facilitated.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten und Betrieb von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen mit einer äußeren Startelektrode, wobei die Entladungslampe in Reihe mit einem Strombegrenzer an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen ist und ein Startimpulserzeuger vorgesehen ist, der einen sekundärseitig mit der Startelektrode und primärseitig mit einem Impulskondensator in Verbindung stehenden Impulstransformator und ein spannungsabhängiges Schaltelement aufweist.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for starting and operating high-pressure gas discharge lamps with an outer starting electrode, the discharge lamp being connected in series with a current limiter to a voltage source and a starting pulse generator being provided which has a connection on the secondary side to the starting electrode and on the primary side to a pulse capacitor standing pulse transformer and a voltage-dependent switching element.

Ein Problem beim Starten und Betrieb von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen ist die Erstzündung der Lampen, d. h. das Starten der kalten Lampen, und die Wiederzündung nach jedem Nulldurchgang des Netzwechselstromes bzw. jedem Gleichstromimpuls. Dies gilt an sich für alle Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen, z. B. für Quecksilberdampf- oder Natriumdampf-Entladungslampen, insbesondere aber für Metallhalogenid-Entladungslampen.A problem with starting and operating high pressure gas discharge lamps is the initial ignition of the lamps, i. H. the starting of the cold lamps and the re-ignition after each zero crossing of the mains alternating current or every direct current pulse. This applies per se to all high-pressure gas discharge lamps, e.g. B. for mercury vapor or sodium vapor discharge lamps, but especially for metal halide discharge lamps.

Zur Erleichterung des Startens von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen ist es z. B. aus der DE-OS-2717 853 und 31 09 539 bekannt, die Entladungslampen mit einer äußeren Startelektrode zu versehen und zwischen diese und eine der Hauptelektroden zum Starten einen hochfrequenten Hochspannungsimpuls anzulegen. Die Startelektrode ist z. B. als um den Lampenkolben herumgelegte Drahtschlaufe oder Drahtwendel ausgebildet ; sie kann auch eine in der Nähe der Lampe angebrachte Drahtspitze sein. Hierbei erfolgt aber das Starten der Lampe nicht immer regelmäßig mit dem ersten Startimpuls. Oftmals zündet die Lampe während des ersten Startimpulses nur kurz durch und verlöscht dann wieder. Erst nach mehrmaliger Wiederholung des Startimpulses beginnt die Lampe kontinuierlich zu brennen. Dieses Startverhalten wirkt sich nachteilig auf die Lebensdauer der Lampe aus, da durch das häufige Durchzünden der Lampenkolben stark abschwärzt.To facilitate the starting of high pressure gas discharge lamps, it is e.g. B. from DE-OS-2717 853 and 31 09 539 known to provide the discharge lamps with an outer starting electrode and to apply a high-frequency high-voltage pulse between them and one of the main electrodes for starting. The starting electrode is e.g. B. formed as a wire loop or wire coil around the lamp bulb; it can also be a wire tip attached near the lamp. However, the lamp is not always started regularly with the first start pulse. The lamp often ignites only briefly during the first start pulse and then goes out again. The lamp only starts to burn continuously after the start pulse has been repeated several times. This starting behavior has a disadvantageous effect on the life of the lamp, since the lamp bulb often ignites due to frequent ignition.

Ein mehrmaliges Durchzünden der Lampe beim Starten läßt sich zwar vermeiden, wenn eine relativ hohe Spannung von 300 bis 400 V zwischen den Hauptelektroden der Lampe anliegt, jedoch werden derart hohe Spannungen aus einem üblichen Wechselspannungsnetz nicht ohne weiteres geliefert.Repeated ignition of the lamp when starting can be avoided if a relatively high voltage of 300 to 400 V is present between the main electrodes of the lamp, but such high voltages are not readily supplied from a conventional AC network.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten und Betrieb von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen zu schaffen, bei der die Lampe bereits beim ersten Startimpuls kontinuierlich zu brennen anfängt, obwohl die an den Hauptelektroden der Lampe anliegende Spannung relativ niedrig ist und zumindest unterhalb der Netzwechselspannung liegt.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a circuit arrangement for starting and operating high-pressure gas discharge lamps, in which the lamp starts to burn continuously already at the first start pulse, although the voltage applied to the main electrodes of the lamp is relatively low and at least below that Mains AC voltage is.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Schaltungsanordnung eingangs erwähnter Art gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Spannungsquelle ein an ein Wechselspannungsnetz angeschlossener Vollweggleichrichter ist, dessen Ausgang durch eine Serienschaltung mit einer Diode und einem weiteren Kondensator überbrückt ist, der sich nach jeder Halbperiode der Netzwechselspannung teilweise über die Lampe entlädt, wobei in den Stromkreis zwischen dem diodenseitigen Ende dieses Kondensators und der Lampe ein gegenüber dem Strombegrenzer hochohmiger Widerstand geschaltet ist, der den Entladestrom des Kondensators (5) über die gezündete Lampe (3) auf maximal 30 mA begrenzt.This object is achieved in a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset according to the invention in that the voltage source is a full-wave rectifier connected to an AC voltage network, the output of which is bridged by a series circuit with a diode and a further capacitor, which partially overlaps after each half cycle of the AC network voltage discharges the lamp, with a high-resistance resistor connected to the current limiter connected in the circuit between the diode-side end of this capacitor and the lamp, which limits the discharge current of the capacitor (5) via the ignited lamp (3) to a maximum of 30 mA.

Bei Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen sind während der Aufwärmphase, die je nach Lampengrösse zwischen etwa 30 Sekunden und 5 Minuten nach der Erstzündung dauert, relativ hohe Wiederzündspannungen erforderlich, die von der Spannungsquelle nicht ohne weiteres geliefert werden können, so daß die Lampen daher verlöschen. Bei Verwendung einer Serienschaltung mit einer Diode und einem weiteren Kondensator lädt sich dieser über die Diode vor dem Starten der Lampe auf den Spitzenwert der Netzspannung auf. Nach der Erstzündung der Lampe, d. h. nachdem infolge der Ionisation der Lampe durch den Startimpuls ein Strom durch die Lampe fließen kann, entlädt sich der weitere Kondensator teilweise über die Lampe. Hierdurch werden insbesondere während der Aufwärmphase Wiederzündschwierigkeiten vermieden, d. h. die Lampe verlöscht auch nach den auf die Erstzündung folgenden Nulldurchgängen der Netzwechselspannung nicht. Es genügt, wenn der Kondensator je nach Lampentype einen Wert zwischen 10 nF und 1 f.LF besitzt. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederzündschwierigkeiten reicht es aus, wenn in dem Entladestromkreis zwischen Kondensator und Lampe ein verglichen mit dem mittleren Lampenstrom sehr kleiner Strom fließt, der je nach Lampengröße zwischen etwa 1 und 30 mA liegt. Dies wird erreicht, indem der Strom durch die Lampe durch den hochohmigen Widerstand begrenzt wird. Gleichzeitig wird damit eine wesentliche Entladung des relativ kleinen weiteren Kondensators vermieden.In the case of high-pressure gas discharge lamps, relatively high re-ignition voltages are required during the warm-up phase, which, depending on the lamp size, takes between about 30 seconds and 5 minutes after the initial ignition, and cannot be readily supplied by the voltage source, so that the lamps therefore go out. When using a series connection with a diode and a further capacitor, the latter charges up to the peak value of the mains voltage via the diode before the lamp is started. After the first ignition of the lamp, i. H. after a current can flow through the lamp as a result of the ionization of the lamp by the start pulse, the further capacitor is partially discharged via the lamp. This avoids reignition difficulties, especially during the warm-up phase. H. the lamp does not go out even after the zero crossings of the AC line voltage following the first ignition. It is sufficient if the capacitor has a value between 10 nF and 1 f.LF depending on the lamp type. To avoid reignition difficulties, it is sufficient if a very small current flows in the discharge circuit between the capacitor and the lamp, which current is between approximately 1 and 30 mA, depending on the lamp size. This is achieved by limiting the current through the lamp through the high resistance. At the same time, a substantial discharge of the relatively small additional capacitor is avoided.

Überraschenderweise hat sich herausgestellt, daß sich mit dieser Schaltungsanordnung auch die Starteigenschaften von Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen mit einer äußeren Startelektrode verbessern lassen, wobei vermutlich der sog. Glimm-Bogen-Übergang in den Lampen erleichtert wird. Bei Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen wird durch den Startimpuls zunächst eine stromschwache Glimmentladung erzeugt. Der Übergang von dieser Glimmentladung zu einer stromstarken Bogenentladung erfolgt dagegen, insbesondere bei Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampen mit sehr kleinem Kolbeninhalt, nur bei einer ausreichend hohen Spannung über den Hauptelektroden der Lampe. Bei der Schaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung wird dieser Glimm-Bogen-Übergang vermutlich dadurch erleichtert, daß an dem weiteren Kondensator dauernd etwa der Spitzenwert der Netzspannung zur Verfügung steht, auch wenn die Netzspannung in der Nähe der Nulldurchgänge absinkt und damit der Glimm-Bogen-Übergang schwierig wird.Surprisingly, it has been found that the starting properties of high-pressure gas discharge lamps with an outer starting electrode can also be improved with this circuit arrangement, the so-called glow-arc transition in the lamps presumably being facilitated. In the case of high-pressure gas discharge lamps, a low-current glow discharge is initially generated by the start pulse. The transition from this glow discharge to a high-current arc discharge, on the other hand, takes place, especially in the case of high-pressure gas discharge lamps with a very small bulb content, only when the voltage across the main electrodes of the lamp is sufficiently high. In the circuit arrangement according to the invention, this glow-arc transition is presumably facilitated by the fact that about the continuous capacitor continuously the peak value of the line voltage is available, even if the line voltage drops near the zero crossings, making the glow-arc transition difficult.

Durch den aus der Diode, dem weiteren Kondensator und dem hochohmigen Widerstand gebildeten Schaltungsteil wird somit der Startvorgang erheblich verbessert. Ohne diesen Schaltungsteil muß der Startimpuls mehrmals wiederholt werden, bis die Lampe kontinuierlich brennt, während bei Zuschaltung des betreffenden Schaltungsteils die Erstzündung regelmäßig beim ersten Startimpuls erfolgt.The starting process is thus considerably improved by the circuit part formed from the diode, the further capacitor and the high-resistance resistor. Without this circuit part, the start pulse must be repeated several times until the lamp burns continuously, while when the relevant circuit part is switched on, the first ignition occurs regularly with the first start pulse.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Schaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung dient der weitere Kondensator gleichzeitig als Impulskondensator, was zu einer Vereinfachung der Schaltung und zu einer Einsparung an Bauelementen führt.According to an advantageous development of the circuit arrangement according to the invention, the further capacitor also serves as a pulse capacitor, which leads to a simplification of the circuit and a saving in components.

Der Strombegrenzer ist im einfachsten Fall ein ohmscher Widerstand, der mit einer weiteren Diode in Reihe geschaltet ist. Der Strombegrenzer kann aber auch ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät sein, z. B. ein Zerhacker oder ein Sperr- bzw. Durchflußwandler, dem eine weitere Diode in Reihe vorgeschaltet ist, wobei das lampenseitige Ende des hochohmigen Widerstandes zwischen dieser weiteren Diode und dem Vorschaltgerät angeschlossen ist. Dabei. ist ein bei derartigen Vorschaltgeräten üblicherweise in Reihe mit der Lampe liegender Schalttransistor in der Umgebung der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung sowie bei ungezündeter Lampe oder beim Auftreten einer stromschwachen Glimmentladung leitend, so daß dann ein Strom aus dem Kondensator über den hochohmigen Widerstand durch die Lampe fließen kann.In the simplest case, the current limiter is an ohmic resistor which is connected in series with another diode. The current limiter can also be an electronic ballast, for. B. a chopper or a flyback converter, to which a further diode is connected in series, the lamp-side end of the high-resistance resistor being connected between this further diode and the ballast. Here. is in such ballasts usually in series with the lamp switching transistor in the vicinity of the zero crossings of the AC line voltage and when the lamp is not lit or when a low-current glow discharge occurs, so that a current can flow from the capacitor through the high-resistance resistor through the lamp.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nunmehr anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten und Betrieb einer Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampe mit einem ohmschen Widerstand als Strombegrenzer,
  • Figur 2 eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten und Betrieb einer Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampe mit einem elektronischen Vorschaltgerät als Strombegrenzer und
  • Figur 3 eine abgewandelte Schaltungsanordnung dieser Art, bei welcher der mit der Diode in Serie liegende weitere Kondensator gleichzeitig als Impulskondensator dient.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it :
  • 1 shows a circuit arrangement for starting and operating a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with an ohmic resistor as a current limiter,
  • Figure 2 shows a circuit arrangement for starting and operating a high pressure gas discharge lamp with an electronic ballast as a current limiter and
  • Figure 3 is a modified circuit arrangement of this type, in which the further capacitor in series with the diode also serves as a pulse capacitor.

Mit A und B sind Eingangsklemmen zum Anschließen an ein Wechselspannungsnetz von 220 V, 50 Hz bezeichnet. An diese Eingangsklemmen ist, gegebenenfalls über ein Netzfilter, ein Vollweggleichrichter 1 mit vier Dioden angeschlossen. der einen pulsierenden Gleichstrom erzeugt. An den Ausgang des Vollweggleichrichters 1 ist in Reihe mit einem Strombegrenzer 2 eine Hochdruck-Gasentladungslampe 3 angeschlossen. Der Ausgang des Vollweggleichrichters 1 ist außerdem durch eine Serienschaltung aus einer Diode 4 und einem Kondensator 5 überbrückt. Zwischen das diodenseitige Ende des Kondensators 5 und die Lampe 3 ist ein gegenüber dem Strombegrenzer 2 hochohmiger Widerstand 6 geschaltet. Der Strombegrenzer 2 ist in diesem Fall ein ohmscher Widerstand 2, der mit einer weiteren Diode 7 zur Vermeidung von Rückströmen in Reihe liegt.A and B designate input terminals for connection to an AC voltage network of 220 V, 50 Hz. A full-wave rectifier 1 with four diodes is connected to these input terminals, possibly via a line filter. which generates a pulsating direct current. A high-pressure gas discharge lamp 3 is connected in series with a current limiter 2 to the output of the full-wave rectifier 1. The output of the full-wave rectifier 1 is also bridged by a series connection of a diode 4 and a capacitor 5. Between the diode-side end of the capacitor 5 and the lamp 3, a resistor 6 with respect to the current limiter 2 is connected. In this case, the current limiter 2 is an ohmic resistor 2, which is connected in series with a further diode 7 to avoid reverse currents.

Über einen Widerstand 8 wird ein Impulskondensator 9, der in Reihe mit der Primärwicklung eines Zündtransformators 10 liegt, auf die über der Entladungslampe 3 liegende Spannung UL aufgeladen (im ungezündeten Zustand die gleichgerichtete Netzspannung), während gleichzeitig über einen Widerstand 11 ein Kondensator 12, dem ein Widerstand 13 parallel geschaltet ist, auf die im Verhältnis R13/(R1, + Ris) heruntergeteilte Spannung R13UL/(R1, + R13) geladen wird. Sobald diese Spannung am Kondensator 12 die Zündspannung Uz einer Triggerdiode 14 (etwa 30 V) erreicht, wird diese Triggerdiode 14 und danach auch ein sich anschließender Thyristor 15 leitend, so daß sich der Impulskondensator 9 über die Primärwicklung des Zündtransformators 10 entlädt und dabei in dessen Sekundärwicklung einen Spannungsimpuls von einigen Kilovolt hervorruft, der auf eine Startelektrode C der Lampe 3 gegeben wird. Nach der Entladung des Impulskondensators 9 wird der Thyristor 15 wieder hochohmig. Startet die Lampe 3, so sinkt die an der Lampe anliegende Spannung UL auf einen Wert der Lampenbrennspannung ab. Durch passende Wahl des Widerstand-Verhältnisses R13/(R1, + R13) kann erreicht werden, daß in diesem Zustand die Zündspannung Uz der Triggerdiode 14 nicht mehr erreicht wird, so daß bei brennender Lampe keine Startimpulse mehr erzeugt werden.A pulse capacitor 9, which is connected in series with the primary winding of an ignition transformer 10, is charged via a resistor 8 to the voltage U L lying above the discharge lamp 3 (in the non-ignited state, the rectified mains voltage), while at the same time a capacitor 12, a resistor is connected in parallel 13, is loaded on the down-divided in the ratio R 13 / (R 1 + R is) voltage U L 13 R / (R 1 + R 13). As soon as this voltage across the capacitor 12 reaches the ignition voltage U z of a trigger diode 14 (approximately 30 V), this trigger diode 14 and then also a subsequent thyristor 15 becomes conductive, so that the pulse capacitor 9 discharges via the primary winding of the ignition transformer 10 and thereby in whose secondary winding causes a voltage pulse of a few kilovolts, which is applied to a starting electrode C of the lamp 3. After the discharge of the pulse capacitor 9, the thyristor 15 becomes high-resistance again. If the lamp 3 starts, the voltage U L applied to the lamp drops to a value of the lamp operating voltage. By a suitable choice of the resistance ratio R 13 / (R 1 , + R 13 ) it can be achieved that in this state the ignition voltage U z of the trigger diode 14 is no longer reached, so that no start pulses are generated when the lamp is on.

Vor dem Starten der Lampe 3 lädt sich der Kondensator 5 über die Diode 4 auf den Spitzenwert der Netzspannung von etwa 300 V auf, wobei die Diode 4 dazu dient, ein Entladen des Kondensators 5 während der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung zu verhindern. Nach dem Starten der Lampe, d. h. während der auf die Erstionisation durch den Startimpuls folgenden Perioden der Netzwechselspannung, entlädt sich der Kondensator 5 teilsweise über die Lampe 3. Dabei dient der hochohmige Widerstand 6 zur Begrenzung des Entladestromes auf kleine Werte zwischen etwa 1 und 30 mA, so daß die Spannung am Kondensator 5 nur unwesentlich absinkt und der Lampe 3 damit während der gesamten Aufwärmphase eine praktisch konstante Spannung von etwa 300 V zur Verfügung steht. Überraschenderweise wird hierdurch gleichzeitig die Starteigenschaft der Lampe 3 verbessert, d. h. die Erstzündung der Lampe erfolgt regelmäßig schon beim ersten Startimpuis.Before starting the lamp 3, the capacitor 5 charges via the diode 4 to the peak value of the mains voltage of approximately 300 V, the diode 4 serving to prevent the capacitor 5 from being discharged during the zero crossings of the mains AC voltage. After starting the lamp, i. H. during the periods of the mains AC voltage following the initial ionization by the start pulse, the capacitor 5 is partially discharged via the lamp 3. The high-resistance resistor 6 serves to limit the discharge current to small values between approximately 1 and 30 mA, so that the voltage across the capacitor 5 drops only insignificantly and the lamp 3 thus has a practically constant voltage of approximately 300 V available during the entire warm-up phase. Surprisingly, this also improves the starting property of the lamp 3, ie. H. The lamp is first ignited regularly at the first start impulse.

Mit dieser Schaltungsanordnung lassen sich z. B. 45 W-Metallhalogenid-Lampen nicht nur einwandfrei zünden, sondern diese Lampen durchlaufen auch ohne Wiederzündprobleme ihre Aufwärmphase. Außerdem wurde festgestellt, daß bei diesen Lampen die Erstzündung noch bei Netzwechselspannungen bis herab zu 150 V möglich war, während ohne die Zuschaltung des weiteren Kondensators 5 mit der Diode 4 und dem Widerstand 6 die Lampen nur bei Eingangsspannungen oberhalb der üblichen Netzwechselspannung gestartet werden konnten.With this circuit arrangement z. B. 45 W metal halide lamps not only ignite properly, but these lamps also go through their warm-up phase without reignition problems. In addition, it was found that the initial ignition of these lamps is still possible with AC voltages down to 150 V. Lich was, while without the connection of the additional capacitor 5 with the diode 4 and the resistor 6, the lamps could only be started at input voltages above the usual mains AC voltage.

Bei einem praktischen Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer 45 W-Metallhalogenid-Entladungslampe hatten die benutzten Bauelemente folgende Werte :

Figure imgb0001
In a practical exemplary embodiment with a 45 W metal halide discharge lamp, the components used had the following values:
Figure imgb0001

Übertragungsverhältnis des Zündtransformators 10 = 1 : 30Transmission ratio of the ignition transformer 10 = 1: 30

Bei der Schaltungsanordnung nach Fig. 2 ist der Strombegrenzer ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät 16, wie es z. B. in der US-PS-3 890 537 beschrieben ist. Diesem Vorschaltgerät 16 ist wiederum eine weitere Diode 7 vorgeschaltet. Das lampenseitige Ende des hochohmigen Widerstandes 6 ist zwischen dieser weiteren Diode 7 und dem Vorschaltgerät 16 angeschlossen. Auch hierbei trägt der hochohmige Widerstand 6 zur Verminderung des Entladestromes aus dem Kondensator 5 über das Vorschaltgerät 16 durch die Lampe 3 während der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung bei. Die weitere Diode 7 unterbindet einen Rückstrom vom Kondensator 5 zum Vollweggleichrichter 1. Gleichzeitig wird durch den aus der Diode 4, dem weiteren Kondensator 5 und dem hochohmigen Widerstand 6 bestehenden Schaltungsteil erreicht, daß die Lampe 3 beim ersten Startimpuls zündet.In the circuit arrangement of FIG. 2, the current limiter is an electronic ballast 16, such as. Described in U.S. Patent No. 3,890,537. A further diode 7 is in turn connected upstream of this ballast 16. The lamp-side end of the high-resistance resistor 6 is connected between this further diode 7 and the ballast 16. Here, too, the high-resistance resistor 6 helps to reduce the discharge current from the capacitor 5 via the ballast 16 through the lamp 3 during the zero crossings of the AC mains voltage. The further diode 7 prevents a reverse current from the capacitor 5 to the full-wave rectifier 1. At the same time, the circuit part consisting of the diode 4, the further capacitor 5 and the high-resistance resistor 6 ensures that the lamp 3 ignites at the first start pulse.

Wenn das elektronische Vorschaltgerät 16 z. B. ein Durchflußwandler ist, so ist dessen Schalttransistor in der Nähe der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung sowie bei ungezündeter Lampe oder beim Auftreten einer nur stromschwachen Glimmentladung leitend geschaltet, so daß während dieser Zeit ein Strom aus dem Kondensator 5 über den hochohmigen Widerstand 6 direkt zur Lampe 3 fließen kann. Außerhalb der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung arbeitet der Schalttransistor des elektronischen Vorschaltgerätes 16 üblicherweise nur mit einem Tastverhältnis von etwa 30 %, so daß der Strom aus dem Kondensator 5 über den hochohmigen Widerstand 6 ebenfalls mit diesem Tastverhältnis unterbrochen wird. Dementsprechend verringert sich die Verlustleistung im hochohmigen Widerstand 6 auf 30 %, was jedoch keine Nachteile auf das Zündverhalten der Lampe 3 hat, da der Zusatzstrom aus dem Kondensator 5 nur in der Nähe der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung sowie beim Auftreten einer Glimmentladung durch die Lampe 3 fließen muß.If the electronic ballast 16 z. B. is a forward converter, its switching transistor is turned on near the zero crossings of the AC line voltage and when the lamp is not lit or when a low-current glow discharge occurs, so that during this time a current from the capacitor 5 via the high-resistance resistor 6 directly to the lamp 3 can flow. Outside the zero crossings of the AC mains voltage, the switching transistor of the electronic ballast 16 usually only works with a pulse duty factor of about 30%, so that the current from the capacitor 5 via the high-resistance resistor 6 is also interrupted with this pulse duty factor. Accordingly, the power loss in the high-resistance resistor 6 is reduced to 30%, but this does not have any disadvantages for the ignition behavior of the lamp 3, since the additional current from the capacitor 5 only flows through the lamp 3 in the vicinity of the zero crossings of the AC line voltage and when a glow discharge occurs got to.

Bei einem praktischen Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer 45 W-Metallhalogenid-Entladungslampe hatten die benutzten Bauelemente dieselben Werte wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1.In a practical exemplary embodiment with a 45 W metal halide discharge lamp, the components used had the same values as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.

Eine Vereinfachung einer mit einem elektronischen Vorschaltgerät 16 ausgerüsteten Schaltungsanordnung ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Hierbei wird der weitere Kondensator 5 gleichzeitig als Impulskondensator für die Erzeugung des Startimpulses der Lampe 3 benutzt. In diesem Fall liegt der Kondensator 5 in Serie mit der Diode 4, dem Begrenzungswiderstand 8 und der Primärwicklung des Zündtransformators 10. Gegenüber den beiden vorherigen Ausführungsbeispielen hat bei sonst gleichen Bauelementen der Widerstand 8 hierbei einen Wert von nur 20 kOhm.A simplification of a circuit arrangement equipped with an electronic ballast 16 is shown in FIG. 3. Here, the additional capacitor 5 is used simultaneously as a pulse capacitor for generating the start pulse of the lamp 3. In this case, the capacitor 5 is in series with the diode 4, the limiting resistor 8 and the primary winding of the ignition transformer 10. Compared to the two previous exemplary embodiments, the resistor 8 has a value of only 20 kOhm with otherwise identical components.

Bei den Schaltungsanordnungen nach den Fig. 1 und 3 kann der hochohmige Widerstand 6 auch über einen zusätzlichen Schalttransistor mit der Lampe 3 verbunden sein, was zu einer Verringerung der Verlustleistung im hochohmigen Widerstand 6 führt. Nach dem Starten der Lampe wird dieser Schalttransistor dann über eine Steuerschaltung ein- und ausgeschaltet, welche durch die gleichgerichtete Netzspannung geregelt wird. Unterschreitet der Momentanwert dieser gleichgerichteten Netzspannung in der Nähe der Nulldurchgänge der Netzwechselspannung einen Wert von z. B. 50 V, so wird der Schalttransistor durchgeschaltet, damit ein Zusatzstrom aus dem Kondensator 5 über den hochohmigen Widerstand 6 durch die Lampe 3 fließen kann. Bei Momentanwerten der gleichgerichteten Netzspannung oberhalb von z. B. 50 V, d. h. während des größten Teils der Netzwechselspannungsperiode, wird der Schalttransistor von der Steuerschaltung nichtleitend geschaltet und damit der Strom durch den hochohmigen Widerstand 6 unterbrochen.In the circuit arrangements according to FIGS. 1 and 3, the high-resistance resistor 6 can also be connected to the lamp 3 via an additional switching transistor, which leads to a reduction in the power loss in the high-resistance resistor 6. After starting the lamp, this switching transistor is then switched on and off via a control circuit which is regulated by the rectified mains voltage. If the instantaneous value of this rectified mains voltage in the vicinity of the zero crossings of the mains AC voltage falls below a value of z. B. 50 V, the switching transistor is turned on so that an additional current can flow from the capacitor 5 through the high-resistance resistor 6 through the lamp 3. At instantaneous values of the rectified mains voltage above z. B. 50 V, d. H. During the major part of the AC line voltage period, the switching transistor is switched non-conductive by the control circuit and thus the current through the high-resistance resistor 6 is interrupted.

Claims (5)

1. A circuit arrangement for starting and operating high-pressure gas discharge lamps (3) having an outer starting electrode (C), the discharge lamp being connected in series with a current limiter (2 ; 16) to a voltage source and a starting pulse producer being provided which comprises a pulse transformer (10) connected on the secondary side to the starting electrode and on the primary side to a pulse capacitor (9) and a voltage-dependent switching element (14), characterized in that the voltage source is a full- wave rectifier (1) which is connected to an alternating voltage mains (A, B) and whose output is shunted by a series arrangement of a diode (4) and a further capacitor (5) which after each half cycle of the mains alternating voltage is discharged in part via the lamp (3), a resistor (6), which has a high ohmic value with respect to the current limiter (2 ; 16) and limits the discharge current of the capacitor (5) via the ignited lamp (3) to at most 30 mA, being included in the current circuit between the end of the capacitor facing the diode and the lamp.
2. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the further capacitor (5) has a value between 10 nF and 1 ¡J.F.
3. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 1 . or 2, characterized in that the further capacitor (5) serves at the same time as a pulse capacitor.
4. A circuit arrangement as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the current limiter is an ohmic resistor (2), which is connected in series with a further diode (7).
5. A circuit arrangement as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the current limiter is an electronic ballast unit (16), in front of which a further diode (7) is arranged, the end of the high-ohmic resistor (6) facing the lamp being connected between this further diode and the ballast unit.
EP83201738A 1982-12-11 1983-12-08 Circuit arrangement for starting and operating high pressure gas discharge lamps Expired EP0111373B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83201738T ATE27528T1 (en) 1982-12-11 1983-12-08 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR STARTING AND OPERATION OF HIGH PRESSURE GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3245923 1982-12-11
DE19823245923 DE3245923A1 (en) 1982-12-11 1982-12-11 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR STARTING AND OPERATING HIGH PRESSURE GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS

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EP0111373A1 EP0111373A1 (en) 1984-06-20
EP0111373B1 true EP0111373B1 (en) 1987-05-27

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EP (1) EP0111373B1 (en)
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EP0111373A1 (en) 1984-06-20
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US4539513A (en) 1985-09-03
DE3245923A1 (en) 1984-06-14
DE3371851D1 (en) 1987-07-02

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