EP0859647B1 - Rope hoisting and lowering device - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH95/00287 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 5, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 5, 1996 PCT Filed Dec. 4, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO97/17107 PCT Pub. Date May 15, 1997In order to increase the operational safety and to reduce the rope wear, hoisting/lowering apparatus comprise one or a combination of novel features: an adaptor (3) is provided in order to allow the attachment of accessories (50), preferably by insertion. Possible accessories are e.g. holders having a loop for the attachment of hooks, and single or multiple blocks for the formation of lifting blocks. Substantially, the adaptor is formed of a number of slot-shaped recesses which are transversely traversed by rod-shaped retaining elements (11, 9). One of said retaining elements (9) is displaceably mounted in order to allow the attachment resp. detachment of an accessory (50). Another measure is to provide a rope stop (102) on the traction side. The rope (103) runs through the rope stop (102) and drives a knurled wheel (110). At a given rope speed, the wheel is coupled to a pivotable brake appendix (118) by means of a centrifugal coupling (113, 115). The rope (103) is then squeezed and blocked between the appendix (118) and a counterpart (108). A third measure consists in providing guiding rolls (36, 37) in order to ensure a spiral-shaped travel of the rope (103) which is free of crossings.

Description

The present invention relates to an up / down rope device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ascending / descending devices, e.g. according to the European Applicant's patent publication EP-A-0 480 117, are preferably used for people or loads pulling up or lowering a rope. preferred Areas of application are rescue services or in general mobile use of these devices. The up / down ropes have essentially the function of reducing the Retention force when abseiling in conjunction with a Protection against uncontrolled falling of the rope hanging person or load.

It has now been shown that the known up / down roping devices depending on the current operating conditions have to be equipped differently, for example should it may be possible to use the ascender / descender to pull a pulley to form or a way to attach a Snap hooks etc. are required. These different However, there are options for the known up / down roping devices partially excluded against each other or resulted, if aimed at maximum functionality a bulky and heavy device.

Also, the use of an up / down rope device leads to the is not adapted to the current conditions of use, if necessary to overload the rope as well Security risks due to possible overloading of the Safety devices of the ascending / descending device. Thereby there is a need to change the rope prematurely and the risk of tearing the rope and one Device malfunction.

These known up / down roping devices have a normal line large-volume roll with a backstop Is provided. A rope is usually twisted in 2 1/2 turns laid that role. The operation is such that the Pulling up the roll runs freely and only a little Represents resistance. On the other hand, when lowering the Roll blocked by the backstop, and the rope slips over the surface of the roll. The one there Friction occurs takes over a large part of the load that hanging on the rope.

Often there is also an emergency rope stop for the rope the load side of the roll. Essentially monitors the Rope stop the running speed of the rope especially in Abseilrichtung. If the speed is too high, the Rope stop and directly blocks the rope.

The known up / down descenders of this type cause in the However, practice considerable wear and tear on the rope Rolling over of the turns on the roll while passing through of the known emergency rope stop and especially when triggered of the latter. This wear will make it resilient of the rope decreased, u. a. just the use of the Emergency rope stops can cause the rope to tear, and that Function of the descender / descender impaired because of the Frictional resistance on the roll is changed.

An object of the present invention is that Wear of the rope due to an up / down rope device Reduce.

Another object of the present invention is in specifying a device that allows an up / down rope device for a wide variety of requirements in use adapt.

Such devices that at least one of the solve the aforementioned tasks are in the independent Claims specified. Name the other claims preferred embodiments of the inventive Contraption.

Accordingly, the invention in one aspect consists in Uphill / descender, which is essentially state of the art corresponds to providing an adapter for the Attachment of various accessories, such as one Holder with eyelet for hanging a (carabiner) hook or of different role arrangements for training a pulley. For this the adapter is as Plug-in coupling with an automatic locking trained so that attaching accessories is easy by plugging in is possible.

A rope can be worn by an up / down rope device also by moving the rope stop to the train side can be reduced. Because of the lower tension on the Rope on the train side, especially if this is the Operator slips, but here is a rope stop to be preferred, which has better rope guidance and a smoother and yet as precise as possible, d. H. at as little as possible exceeding the given permissible rope speed, triggering sensor for the Has rope speed.

After all, it is also important to go through Rope guiding devices for a uniform To ensure rope guidance on the reel because of the Friction resistance also depends on the rope run, and especially crossing the rope on the reel prevent the rope from locally increased wear and tear would be subjected.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines Auf-/Abseilgerätes mit einem Adapter;

Fig. 2

desgleichen mit angesetzter Zusatzvorrichtung;

Fig. 3

zeigt eine Seitenansicht des Auf-/Abseilgerätes gemäss Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

zeigt eine Halterung mit Oese;

Fig. 5

zeigt ein Zubehör mit Rolle;

Fig. 6

zeigt ein Zubehör mit Doppelrolle und dreifacher Kupplung;

Fig. 7

zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Adapters; und

Fig. 8

zeigt einen Schnitt gemäss VIII - VIII in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9

zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Auf/Abseilgeräts;

Fig. 10

zeigt eine teilweise aufgerissene 3D-Ansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Seilstops;

Fig. 11

zeigt einen Schnitt durch den Seilstop beim Überschreiten der Grenzseilgeschwindigkeit;

Fig. 12

zeigt denselben Schnitt wie Fig. 3 im ausgelösten Zustand des Seilstops;

Fig. 13

zeigt schematisch nur die Rolle und die Seilführung;

Fig. 14

zeigt eine Ansicht auf die Zugseite des Auf/Abseilgeräts von links ohne Seilstop; und

Fig. 15

zeigt eine Ansicht des Auf/Abseilgeräts auf die Lastseite.

The invention will be further explained using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the figures.

Fig. 1

shows a side view of an up / down rope device with an adapter;

Fig. 2

likewise with attached additional device;

Fig. 3

shows a side view of the ascending / descending device according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 4

shows a holder with eyelet;

Fig. 5

shows an accessory with roller;

Fig. 6

shows an accessory with double roller and triple clutch;

Fig. 7

shows a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the adapter; and

Fig. 8

shows a section according to VIII - VIII in FIG. 7.

Fig. 9

shows a side view of an inventive up / down descender;

Fig. 10

shows a partially opened 3D view of a rope stop according to the invention;

Fig. 11

shows a section through the rope stop when exceeding the limit rope speed;

Fig. 12

shows the same section as Figure 3 in the triggered state of the rope stop.

Fig. 13

shows schematically only the role and the rope guide;

Fig. 14

shows a view of the pull side of the up / down rope device from the left without rope stop; and

Fig. 15

shows a view of the up / down descender on the load side.

The up / down rope device according to Figures 1 to 3 consists of essentially from the previously known, large-volume roll 2, which is equipped with a backstop. such Ascending / descending devices are known, for example from above-mentioned patent application EP-A-0 480 117, hereby is included in the description and therefore need not to be discussed further.

According to the invention, the adapter 3 is at the bottom of the descender available. The side plates 4 have sector-shaped Extensions 5, between which a block 6 (Figure 3) is arranged. The block 6 is by means of the two fixed bolts 7, 11 between the side plates 4 attached. The block 6 agrees with the contour Projections 5 so that it is covered by these. In addition to the holes for the bolts 7, the block 6 and the extensions 5 still a hole for the locking pin 8th and the movable retaining pin 9, the bore for the latter is an elongated hole. By a spring element (not shown) the retaining bolt 9 is at rest or Stop position against that end of the elongated hole 10 pressed, which is closer to the fixed retaining pin 11. As Spring elements can e.g. Compression springs in holes in the block 6 may be arranged.

The locking pin 8, the stability of the Holding bolt 9, 11 corresponds, can be pressed after pressing Trigger 12 are pulled out. The trigger 12 is sunk in a surrounding collar 13 so that only by explicit finger pressure or the like, however not by hitting a larger one, for example Object of the trigger 12 can be operated. The Locking mechanism of the locking pin 12 can against Spring force are opened so that the locking pin 8 easily inserted into its hole in the adapter 3 can be locked in again when it is fully inserted until it stops. such Locking pins are known and on a detailed Description is therefore omitted.

As FIG. 3 shows, block 6 also has a central groove 14 so that together with the two between block 6 and the respective side plate 5 formed slots 15 result in three attachment points on adapter 3.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show preferred additional devices, namely a holder 40 for hanging a hook or similar, a simple pulley 50 or one double pulley 60, for example to form one corresponding pulley.

To attach an accessory, the Locking pin 8 removed. Then against the spring force movable holding bolt 9 to the other end of the elongated hole 10 moved, the respective accessories diagonally into the adapter 3 introduced and on the fixed holding pin 11 with one Recess 46 hung. Then the accessories become 40, 50, 60 around the retaining pin 11 to the adapter 3 swung up and the movable retaining pin 9 released, after which this again in the stop position is pushed back and into the other recess 46 into slides. After that, the additional device is already securely attached to the up / down rope device. Now the Locking pin 8 through the adapter 3 and at the same time through the corresponding bores 42, 52 and 62 through put. So that's often for security reasons mandatory protection against unintentional loosening the additional devices realized.

All additional devices preferably have at least two Couplings 41, 51 and 61, since the side plates 4 the Represent main support elements of the up / down rope device 1 and a clutch by latching in the side slots 15 the force directly from the additional devices 40, 50, 60 transfers to the side panels. The accessory 60 with two independent roles 63 that are used to form a multiple Pulley is suitable for large loads Stability reasons a triple clutch, of which that middle coupling element 64 in the central slot 14 is latched. The accessory 50 with a single roll 53 and the simplest version 40, only one Has attachment point 43 for a hook, come with two couplings 51 and 41 for insertion into the side Slots 15 out.

The clutches 41 consist essentially of one tongue 45 widening on both sides, whereby each two opposite, essentially on the same Height U-shaped recesses 46 or one Constriction are formed. In each of these two Recesses 46 per clutch engage the fixed and the movable retaining pin 11 or 9. Between there are two recesses 46 of a coupling 41 each bore 42 for the locking pin 8. The U-shaped Recesses 46 as well as the bores 42 of the Couplings of an accessory are in alignment with each other arranged. The corners at the free end of the are preferred Tongues 46 rounded or beveled. This will make the movable holding floor by sliding over these slopes pushed into the release position as far as necessary.

The couplings 51 and 61 of the accessories 50 and 60 are constructed identically.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a preferred one in detail Embodiment 70 of the adapter. The essential The difference is that the function of the movable retaining bolt 9 with that of Locking pin 8 is united. The remaining Design features are the same as those in FIGS. 1 to 3 match and have the same reference numerals. The movable bolt 71 consists essentially of a Sleeve 72 in which two pins 73 are slidably guided. On at their inner end they are each held by a cross pin 74 enforced, which in turn on both sides by an elongated hole 75 passes through and with the from the Sleeve 72 protruding ends anchored in a sleeve 76 is. The sleeves 76 are slidable on the sleeve 72 arranged. The two walls of the central groove have one Indentation 77 around the elongated holes 10. The depth this depression takes in the direction of the end of the Elongated holes 10 to that of the stop position of the movable Holding bolt 71 corresponds. An additional recess with pronounced level 78 is as exact as possible to the dimensions of the sleeves 76 tailored so that these with little Match and fit into this additional recess automatic movement of the retaining bolt 71 from the Stop position is prevented. Between the two Pins 73 a compression spring is arranged on the one hand in connection with the sloping at the bottom of the depression 77 at least the sliding back of the movable retaining bolt 71 relieved in the bolt position, at least the Bushes 76 firmly in the additional wells in the Push in the holding position.

At the two ends of the sleeve 72 is still in each case a collar 79. The collars 79 act as bilateral Guides for the sleeve 72. In this version they are in contrast to the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3 so flat that the pins 73 also by a flat Object can be pushed into it. With increased The collar 79 safety requirements can be so high that this is no longer possible. On the other hand, a one-sided object solves the movable holding bolt only on one side while the bush 76 on the other side the retaining bolt 1 holds in the latch position. The object comes off then again, the unlocked sleeve 76 slides automatically back into the additional recess behind the Level 78 back, after which the retaining bolt 71 again is completely locked.

Modifications to the described example are known to the person skilled in the art accessible without leaving the scope of the invention.

In particular, it is conceivable to use a different number To provide attachment points 14, 15 as three. Instead of the specified accessories other can be used as long as they have the coupling that matches the adapter feature.

The elongated hole 10 can also be designed to rise outwards so that a train attached to the accessories movable holding bolt in the holding position suppressed. It is therefore also conceivable that the spring elements press the movable holding bolt into the holding position, omit or execute relatively weak.

9 to 15 show those according to the invention Bodies that focus on increasing the Operational safety by reducing rope stress Aim at the descender itself. They meet individually at least one of the objects of the invention, result together and / or in connection with the above explained adapter a more extensive, advantageous Effect.

9 shows a side view of an ascending / descending device 101 with a rope stop 102 according to the invention. As an example for one of the possible combinations of the inventive Measures an adapter 3 is available as above for Fig. 1st described.

The rope 103 first runs through on the pull side 105 Rope stop 102 is then 2 1/2 times around the roller 104 looped and exits the descender 101 on the Load side 106 in the direction of the load. From the rope stop 102 are only the essential, hidden components are shown. Reliable positioning of the rope 103 on the Roll 104 and also the necessary lateral displacement according to the invention by the guide rollers 136 and 137 guaranteed.

The rope stop 102 is detailed in FIGS. 10 to 12 shown. It consists of a bracket 107 with Precautions for attachment to the descender 1, such as Holes for screws etc. Located on the rope inlet and outlet each have a rotatably mounted guide roller 108 or 109. In between is the one that is also rotatably mounted actual rope stop 110 attached such that the rope 103 through the guide rollers 108, 109 to the edge Friction wheel 110 of the rope stop is created.

The friction wheel 110 is on the shaft 111 with roller bearings 125 stored and sits inside the housing 112 as Hollow shaft 124 continues. The housing 112 is rotatable on the Hollow shaft 124 also supported by means of roller bearings 126. The side of the housing 112 facing away from the friction wheel 110 is sealed with a pressed-in plastic disc 129 the shaft 111 closed.

The two wings are located inside the housing 112 113. They surround the hollow shaft 124 essentially in the Kind of a cut ring. They are at one end each rotatable with the friction wheel 110 via a pin 114 connected. At the other end is a horn 116, the when triggering the rope stop on the driving pins 117 strikes. Outside around the wing 113 is in a groove a thin spiral spring 115 closed in a circle inserted according to the wing 113 in its free-wheeling position Fig. 12 hold. The wings 113 are then on the Hollow shaft 124 on.

The housing 112 has a braking extension 118, which is extends over the friction wheel 110 and extends in its freewheeling position (Fig. 11) is located on the side facing away from the rope. One lies in a groove 140 around the housing 112 Return spring 119, on the one hand on the housing 112 and on the other hand on the bracket 107 on a stud 120 is attached. The spring 119 causes the housing against the running direction 127 of the rope 103 when abseiling is biased, d. H. the brake extension 118 with its thickened rear end 121 abuts the stop 122, which is attached to the holder 107.

The brake extension 118 is designed such that it is at Pivoting the housing 112 in the direction of use, d. H. against the action of spring 119, the space to the bottom Guide roller 108 narrowed such that the rope 103 is pinched. The brake extension points for this purpose a non-slip, serrated surface 123. For customization to different rope thicknesses and also for one if possible The soft, cable-protecting use of the brake is the Basic brake extension as a curved wedge executed, which tapers in the direction of use. Thereby are z. B. Ropes in the range of 9 - 13 mm without adjustment usable.

Fig. -11 is a snapshot of the rope stop in the Condition that a just passed the maximum abseiling speed corresponds to: The wing-113 are swung out and are currently engaged with the Carriers 117 kicked, so that the housing 112 is still in Is at rest.

In Fig. 12, the rope stop has pinched the rope 103 and brought to a standstill: the brake extension 118 is about that The friction wheel 110 is pivoted around and clamps the rope 103 between itself and the lower guide roller 108. The Wing 113 are now that the friction wheel 110 is no longer in Contact with the rope 103 is back to the starting position pivoted back. This state remains as long as the train is in the abseiling direction. By pulling on The pull stop 128 of the rope 103 can be released again become.

Conceivable changes to the rope stop according to the invention Within the scope of the invention u. a. the use of other than the preferred spring elements, replacement of rollers 108, 109 by other, possibly rigid guide devices, as well as other storage techniques of the rotatable parts of the Cable stops.

Tests have shown that by attaching the Rope stops 102 on the pull side of the up / down rope device 101 a significant protection of the rope is effected, u. a. recognizable by significantly lower traces of the intervention of the rope stop. One reason for this can be seen in that the descender / descender in this configuration has one large part of the forces when stopping the rope through the Intercept rope stop, especially in cooperation with the softer use of the rope stop according to the invention compared to the known constructions. Another advantage The stated execution is that often dirty rope does not come into contact with the triggering controlling elements occurs since the actual Centrifugal clutch (wing 113, driver 117 and spring 115) in the closed and this largely from the environment insulating housing 112 is located.

As in normal operation for the reduced wear of the The rope guide on the roller 104 has become significant as well as an optimized surface of the same. In the 13 is a schematic representation of the course of the rope the rope 103 is placed in 2 1/2 turns around the roller 104. With 2 1/2 turns will readily reduce the Retention force reached to about 15%, while at also usual 1 1/2 turns under the same conditions one Retention force of approx. 30% occurs.

When roping up / down the rope sections must be on the Roll 104 from entering the roll to Postpone rescheduling. The essentially previously known, eyelet-shaped inlet (Fig. 14: 130) and Drainage rope guides (Fig. 15: 131), the function of which naturally at the transition from rappelling to pulling up reversed but did not prevent with certainty Overturning of the incoming rope depending on the running direction 132 or 133 to the first winding 134 or 135. Through such a rollover and also uneven Moving the rope on the roller 104 results in a increased wear of the rope 103 in addition to the thereby caused undesirable, especially in the emergency services Malfunctions.

It has been found that an even, trouble-free and low-wear guidance of the rope by additional Guide rollers 136, 137 can be effected as Placeholders for the incoming rope 103 act. This Guide rollers are made of Teflon caps 138 which are rotatable are placed on pins 139. The rollers 136, 137 could also be arranged directly under the roller 104, the shown position, where they are close to each first contact of the outgoing rope ends 132, 133 with the Role, however, has been particularly effective proved.

The guide rollers 136, 137 thus prevent the respective next turn 134, 135 under the free rope ends 132 or 133 comes to rest.

Instead of Teflon® (polytetrafluoroethylene) there are also others Materials for the caps 138 conceivable, the general low coefficient of friction with high stability connect. It is also conceivable that on the rotatability the caps and rollers 136, 137 are dispensed with.

Claims (22)

1. A rope hoisting and lowering device (1) for pulling up loads and persons and for lowering them in a controlled manner, with an adapter (3, 70) for releasable attachment of accessories (40, 50, 60), characterized in that the adapter is designed as a plug coupling with an automatic locking mechanism, by which means the accessory can be fitted to the adapter.
2. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the adapter (3, 70) has at least one slit-shaped recess (14, 15) through which at least first and second holding elements (11, 9; 11, 71) pass transversely, said holding elements (11, 9; 11, 71) forming a narrowing of the recess (14, 15), which widens out again behind the holding elements so that these can be engaged from behind.
3. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at least two and preferably three recesses (14, 15) are provided, all of which are passed through by each of the holding elements (11, 9; 11, 71).
4. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the automatic locking mechanism has at least one holding element (9, 11, 71) movable on the adapter, the holding element (9, 11, 71) is movable from a holding position into a release position, an accessory being attachable in the release position, and the holding element (9) can be moved by itself into the holding position in order to secure the accessory.
5. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that at least the second holding element (9, 71) is movable, so that the narrowing of the recess (14, 15) can be widened by moving the second holding element (9, 71) out from a holding position into a release position.
6. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claims 4 and 5, characterized in that a resiliently elastic element (80) is provided which counteracts a movement of the second holding element (9, 71) out from the holding position.
7. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in one of claims 1 through 6, characterized in that a third removable holding element (8) is provided which likewise passes through the recess (14, 15) and has a lock mechanism which can be released counter to a spring pressure and which engages on the rope hoisting and lowering device in order to prevent automatic release of the third holding element (8) from the adapter (3), and in that the third holding element (8) has actuating means (12) for releasing the lock mechanism.
8. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in one of claims 4 through 6, characterized in that the at least one movable holding element (9, 71) is provided with a lock mechanism (73, 76, 80) which automatically cancels the movability of the holding element (9, 71) into the holding position by means of engaging on the rope hoisting and lowering device, and in that actuating means (73) are provided on the holding element (9, 71) in order to release the lock mechanism.
9. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in one of claims 2 through 8, characterized in that at least one and preferably all of the first to third holding elements (11; 9, 71; 8) are substantially pin-shaped and pass through holes which are in alignment and extend transversely through the recesses (14, 15).
10. An acessory part (40, 50, 60) for a rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in one of claims 2 through 9, characterized by at least one plate-shaped coupling attachment (41, 51, 61) which is intended to be inserted into the recesses (14, 15), and which has a constriction (46) which is at most as wide as the narrowing between the first and second holding elements (11, 9; 11, 71) in the holding position, so as to be able to arrange the coupling attachment in an allocated recess (14, 15) in such a way that the constriction (46) is located in the recess and the wider tongue (45) of the coupling attachment, extending above the constriction (46), engages behind at least the first (11) and second (9, 71) holding elements.
11. Accessory part as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that it has at least two coupling attachments which are arranged substantially parallel to one another and have aligned constrictions (46).
12. Accessory part as claimed in either of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the corners of the tongue (45) of the coupling attachments are beveled and/or rounded so that the movement of the second holding element (9; 71) out from the holding position can be effected upon insertion of the coupling attachment (41; 51; 61).
13. Rope hoisting and lowering device (1) for safely hoisting and lowering persons and loads, with a pulley (4) which has a return stop which prevents the pulley (4) from turning during the lowering operation, characterized in that a rope stop (2) is provided on the rope hoisting and lowering device on the pull side, which rope stop (2) has a rope speed sensor (10) and a rope brake (18) in order to monitor the speed of a rope (3) and to block the rope if a maximum speed is exceeded.
14. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the speed sensor has a friction wheel (10) and at least a first (8) and a second (9) guide means, the two guide means (8, 9) being located on different sides of the friction wheel (10), relative to the rope (3), and being arranged in such a way that a rope (3) running from the first to the second guide means (9) and/or to the pulley (4) is curved by the friction wheel (10).
15. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in either of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the friction wheel (10) is coupled to a rotatable coupling arrangement (13, 15) which can be activated by centrifugal force, and the parts (13, 15) of the coupling arrangement which rotate together with the friction wheel (10) are arranged in a closed housing (12).
16. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the housing (12) of the coupling arrangement is mounted in a rotatable manner, is held in a starting position by a spring means (19) and, in the inside, has carriers (17) for the coupling arrangement (13, 15), so that the coupling arrangement can couple to the housing (12) in a manner controlled by centrifugal force, and that the housing has a brake attachment (18) which, by means of a rotation of the housing (12), can be brought into operational connection with the rope (3) in order to stop the latter.
17. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the brake attachment (18) has a thickness increasing counter to the direction of rotation and a grip surface, and a stationary mating piece, preferably identical to the first guide means (8), is arranged in such a way that the rope (3) can be guided through between the mating piece (8) and the brake attachment (18) in order to be able to clamp it between the brake attachment (18) and the mating piece (8) as the housing (12) rotates.
18. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in either of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the coupling arrangement (13, 15) has at least one and preferably two pivotable wings (13) which are connected to the friction wheel (10), and in that the wings (13) are held in the rest position by a spring element (15) so that the wings can be pivoted outward when a defined speed of rotation of the friction wheel is exceeded under the effect of the centrifugal force and in so doing set the housing in rotational movement via the carriers (17).
19. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in one of claims 16 through 18, characterized in that the brake attachment (18) can be pivoted about the friction wheel (10), the brake attachment (18) pushing in between friction wheel and rope (3) and being carried further directly by the rope.
20. Rope hoisting and lowering device (1) for safely hoisting and lowering persons and loads, with a pulley (4) which has a return stop preventing rotation of the pulley (4) during the lowering operation, characterized by at least one rope guide means (36, 37) designed substantially as a rotatable roller (38) in order to ensure a defined path of a rope (3) on the pulley (4) of the rope hoisting and lowering device (1).
21. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in claim 20, characterized in that the rotatable roller (38) is held on the housing of the rope hoisting and lowering device (1) and extends to the pulley (10).
22. Rope hoisting and lowering device as claimed in either of claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the at least one rotatable roller (38) consists, at least on the surface, of a resistant material with low frictional resistance to a rope (3), the material preferably being plastic and in particular polytetrafluoroethylene.

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