EP0853603A1 - Schnellhärtendes Bindemittelsystem mit Hydroxylendgruppen enthaltende, geformte, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung - Google Patents

Schnellhärtendes Bindemittelsystem mit Hydroxylendgruppen enthaltende, geformte, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Info

Publication number
EP0853603A1
EP0853603A1 EP96929767A EP96929767A EP0853603A1 EP 0853603 A1 EP0853603 A1 EP 0853603A1 EP 96929767 A EP96929767 A EP 96929767A EP 96929767 A EP96929767 A EP 96929767A EP 0853603 A1 EP0853603 A1 EP 0853603A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
generating composition
weight percent
hydroxyl
moldable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96929767A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0853603B1 (de
EP0853603A4 (de
Inventor
Robert S. Scheffee
Merlin W. Larimer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlantic Research Corp
Original Assignee
Atlantic Research Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlantic Research Corp filed Critical Atlantic Research Corp
Publication of EP0853603A1 publication Critical patent/EP0853603A1/de
Publication of EP0853603A4 publication Critical patent/EP0853603A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0853603B1 publication Critical patent/EP0853603B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to inflators for devices such as protective passive restraints or "air bags” used in motor vehicles, escape slide chutes, life rafts, and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to gas-generating compositions which are used in inflators.
  • Inflation is generally accomplished by means of a gas, such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and the like which is stored under pressure and further pressurized and supplemented at the time of use by the addition of high temperature combustion gas products produced by the burning of a gas-generating composition.
  • a gas such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and the like which is stored under pressure and further pressurized and supplemented at the time of use by the addition of high temperature combustion gas products produced by the burning of a gas-generating composition.
  • the inflation gases are solely produced by gas-generating compositions.
  • the components of gas-generating compositions are incorporated into mechanical inflator devices in the form of powders, grains, pellets, or the like.
  • a particular convenient manner to incorporate gas-generating compositions into mflator devices is to form or mold the compositions into solid structures.
  • molded gas-generating components in order to be moldable they generally include binder components, some of which are suspected to produce hazardous combustion products.
  • binder components some of which are suspected to produce hazardous combustion products.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PCB's polychlorinated biphenyls
  • the present invention is directed to moldable gas- generatmg compositions which do not include binder components which are suspected of producing harmful combustion products. More particularly, the present invention is directed to moldable gas-generating compositions which avoid the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) binders.
  • Another obj ect of the present invention is to provide gas-generating compositions which can be in ection molded or extruded.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide moldable gas-generating compositions which do not include polyvinyl chloride binder components.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide moldable gas-generating compositions which include hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder systems.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide moldable gas-generating compositions which can be quick cured.
  • HTPB hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide moldable gas-generating compositions which can be cured in approximately 7 minutes or less.
  • a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a method of molding gas-generating compositions.
  • a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a method of molding gas-generating compositions which include hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder systems which can be quick cured.
  • HTPB hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene
  • the present invention provides a moldable gas-generating composition which includes : an oxidizer component; a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder component; a curing agent for curing the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder component; and a cure catalyst for accelerating the curing rate of the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene component.
  • the present invention further provides a method of forming a molded gas-generating composition which comprises: forming a moldable gas-generating composition which includes an oxidizer component, a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder component, a curing agent for curing the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder component, and a cure catalyst for accelerating the curing rate of the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene component; shaping the moldable gas-generating composition; and curing the shaped gas-generating composition.
  • the present invention further provides an inflator for inflating emergency devices which inflator includes a gas-generating composition that consists essentially of an oxidizer component and a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder component .
  • the present invention is directed to gas-generating compositions which, upon ignition, rapidly generate large amounts of gaseous reaction products.
  • the gas-generating compositions of the present invention are moldable. In this regard, they can be prepared so as to have a suitable viscosity for injection molding, extrusion, or the like. After molding the composition can be cured to form solid structures In use, the gas-generating compositions are molded into solid shapes which are incorporated into mechanical inflator devices such as protective passive restraints or "air bags" used in motor vehicles, escape slide chutes, life rafts, or che like.
  • the present gas-generating compositions can be used in conjunction with inflator devices which primarily rely upon stored pressurized gas, and combustible gas-generating compositions to supplement the pressure of the stored gas at the time of use.
  • che present gas-generating compositions can be used as the primary source of gas used to inflate an inflation device.
  • the gas-generating compositions of the present invention can be ignited by a conventional initiator or ignitor.
  • a conventional initiator or ignitor For example, when used in conjunction with protective passive restraints or "air bags" used in motor vehicles, electric squibs which are activated upon a sensed impact of the motor vehicle can be used to ignite the gas- generating compositions.
  • the gas-generat g compositions of the present invention include an oxidizer component, a binder component which serves as a fuel, a curing agent for the binder component, and a cure catalyst.
  • the essential components mclude the oxidizer component and the binder component.
  • the curing agent and cure catalyst can be considered essential components
  • the cure catalyst is only necessary when one desired cc quicken the curing rate of the compositions .
  • Suicable oxidizers which can ⁇ e use ⁇ m the gas- generatmg compositions mclude alkali metal chlorates, alkali metal percnlorates, and mixtures thereof. Examples cf these oxidizers include so ⁇ ium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, and lithium perchlorate Other oxidizers wnicn can be use incluae alkaline earth metal percnlorates ana ammonium percnlorate.
  • One oxidizer which has been found co be parcicularly useful for purposes of the present invention is potassium perchlorate.
  • the preferred cinder component ⁇ se ⁇ m the gas- generating compositions is a hydroxyl-terminated polybuta ⁇ iene iHTPB)
  • This b ⁇ er functions as both a binder and a fuel component m Che composition.
  • Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene has been found to be a desirable binder component since it does not produce hazardous compounds upon combustion.
  • a curing agent for the binder component is mcluded m the gas-generatmg co posicion.
  • the curing agent causes the binder component to cure durmg the molding process.
  • Preferable curing agents include isocyanates and diisocyanates, particularly di-polyf ncational diisocyanates .
  • Exemplary curing agents include hexamethylene diisocyanate, poly phenylmethylene isocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dimeryl diisocyanate, and the like.
  • a cure catalyst can be mcluded in the gas-generatmg compositions.
  • the cure catalyst accelerates the curing speed of the gas- generatmg compositions so that they can be quick cured after molding.
  • Suitable curing catalysts include tnphenylbismuth, dibutyltin dilaurate, and similar catalysts which are known to aid m the curing of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene.
  • the curing catalyst accelerates the curing of the gas-generatmg compositions so that they can be molded quickly.
  • the oxidizer component comprises about 83 to 95 weight percent of the gas- generatmg compositions
  • the binder component and the curing agent together comprise about 5 to 17 weight percent of the composition
  • the cure catalyst comprises about 0.025 to 0.5 weight percent of the composition.
  • the oxidizer component comprises abouc 85 to 90 weight percent of tne gas- generating compositions, the binder component and the curing agent together comprise about 10 to 15 weight percent of the composition, and the cure catalyst comprises about 0.025 to 0.5 weight percent of the composition.
  • the oxidizer component comprises about 88 weight percent of the gas- generatmg compositions, the binder component and the curing agent together comprise about 11.8 to 11.9 weight percent of the composition, and the cure catalyst comprises about 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of the composition.
  • the gas-generating compositions of the present invention have a cure rate of less than 7 minutes and more typically between about 3 to 5 minutes, over a temperature range of about 200 to 375°F.
  • the curing rate of the gas-generating compositions of the present invention is dependent upon the curing temperature, as one would expect .
  • the fastest curing times are obtained at higher curing temperatures.
  • the upper limit of the curing temperature is just below the decomposition temperature of the composition. Therefore, for purposes of the present invention, the upper cure temperature should be limited to about 375°F.
  • a composition which included about 88 weight percent of the oxidizer component, about 11.8 to 11.9 weight percent of the binder component, and about 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent of the cure catalyst was found to have a curing rate of between about 3 to 5 minutes at 350°F.
  • the gas-generating compositions of the present invention are prepared by mixing the individual components together.
  • the binder component and oxidizer component can be premixed together. It is preferred to add the curing agent and cure catalyst to the binder component and oxidizer component just prior to molding or extruding the composition so that the composition does not begin to cure prematurely.
  • the components can be mixed together utilizing conventional mixers, blenders, mills, etc. which are known to be useful for mixing pyrotechnic compositions.
  • an extrudable mass of the composition is prepared by mixing the components together.
  • the extrudable mass is then fed into an extruder, extruded and blocked as desired.
  • the extrudable mass is extruded, cut free and cured.
  • the viscosity of the mixed composition can be adjusted as necessary by incorporating a removable solvent such as ethyl acetate, acetone, ethyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof .
  • the necessary viscosity for extrusion (or injection molding) can easily be determined based upon the specifications of the processing equipment used.
  • a preferred stabilizer used m the examples which follow includes Triphenylbismuth, Maleic Anhydride, and Magnesium Oxide used together in substantially equal proportions or about 2.1:1
  • Maleic Anhydride Magnesium Oxide The above formulations were mixed, mold cured for 3 minutes at 350°F and found to have the following properties.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
EP96929767A 1995-10-03 1996-08-29 Schnellhärtendes Bindemittelsystem mit Hydroxylendgruppen enthaltende, geformte, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0853603B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53848795A 1995-10-03 1995-10-03
US538487 1995-10-03
PCT/US1996/013827 WO1997012846A1 (en) 1995-10-03 1996-08-29 Quick cure hydroxyl-terminated binder system for gas-generating compositions

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0853603A1 true EP0853603A1 (de) 1998-07-22
EP0853603A4 EP0853603A4 (de) 2000-11-22
EP0853603B1 EP0853603B1 (de) 2003-12-03

Family

ID=24147121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96929767A Expired - Lifetime EP0853603B1 (de) 1995-10-03 1996-08-29 Schnellhärtendes Bindemittelsystem mit Hydroxylendgruppen enthaltende, geformte, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0853603B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH11513354A (de)
KR (1) KR19990044368A (de)
AU (1) AU6903996A (de)
DE (1) DE69630965T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1997012846A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2818636B1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2003-02-28 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz a liant hydrocarbone et procede de fabrication en continu
JP5666105B2 (ja) * 2009-07-15 2015-02-12 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース ハイブリッドロケットの固体燃料

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184031A (en) * 1976-11-11 1980-01-15 Thiokol Corporation Control of cure rate of polyurethane resins
US4597811A (en) * 1985-07-03 1986-07-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Prevention of unwanted cure catalysis in isocyanate cured binders
EP0194180A1 (de) * 1985-02-27 1986-09-10 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Verfahren zur lösungsmittelfreien Herstellung von Zusammensetzungen für pyrotechnische Erzeugnisse mit wärmehärtbarem Bindemittel
USH934H (en) * 1990-07-09 1991-07-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Maleic anhydride adjunct to triphenylbismuthine to improve mechanical properties of hydroxy terminated binders
EP0685368A1 (de) * 1994-05-31 1995-12-06 Morton International, Inc. Extrudierbarer Gaserzeuger für hybride Airbagaufblasvorrichtung
GB2305170A (en) * 1982-05-28 1997-04-02 Secr Defence Propellant Compositions

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3692495A (en) * 1970-06-19 1972-09-19 Thiokol Chemical Corp Gas generator
US4944815A (en) * 1980-07-24 1990-07-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Bonding agent for composite propellants
US4670068A (en) * 1981-02-19 1987-06-02 Hercules Incorporated Polyfunctional isocyanate crosslinking agents for propellant binders
US4803019A (en) * 1984-02-10 1989-02-07 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Process for forming a liner and cast propellant charge in a rocket motor casing
US4925909A (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-15 Japan As Represented By Director General, Technical Research And Development Institute, Japan Defense Agency Gas-generating agent for use in ducted rocket engine
US5472532A (en) * 1993-06-14 1995-12-05 Thiokol Corporation Ambient temperature mix, cast, and cure composite propellant formulations
US5474625A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-12-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Desensitized solid rocket propellant formulation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184031A (en) * 1976-11-11 1980-01-15 Thiokol Corporation Control of cure rate of polyurethane resins
GB2305170A (en) * 1982-05-28 1997-04-02 Secr Defence Propellant Compositions
EP0194180A1 (de) * 1985-02-27 1986-09-10 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Verfahren zur lösungsmittelfreien Herstellung von Zusammensetzungen für pyrotechnische Erzeugnisse mit wärmehärtbarem Bindemittel
US4597811A (en) * 1985-07-03 1986-07-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Prevention of unwanted cure catalysis in isocyanate cured binders
USH934H (en) * 1990-07-09 1991-07-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Maleic anhydride adjunct to triphenylbismuthine to improve mechanical properties of hydroxy terminated binders
EP0685368A1 (de) * 1994-05-31 1995-12-06 Morton International, Inc. Extrudierbarer Gaserzeuger für hybride Airbagaufblasvorrichtung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9712846A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11513354A (ja) 1999-11-16
DE69630965D1 (de) 2004-01-15
AU6903996A (en) 1997-04-28
EP0853603B1 (de) 2003-12-03
WO1997012846A1 (en) 1997-04-10
EP0853603A4 (de) 2000-11-22
DE69630965T2 (de) 2004-10-28
KR19990044368A (ko) 1999-06-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5486248A (en) Extrudable gas generant for hybrid air bag inflation system
US5507891A (en) Propellant composition for automotive safety applications
US5641938A (en) Thermally stable gas generating composition
JP3762439B2 (ja) ２つの部分からなる点火器、空気入れポンプおよび点火器の製造方法
US6824626B2 (en) Gas-generating pyrotechnic compositions with a binder and continuous manufacturing process
JP2793514B2 (ja) 熱可塑性エラストマーバインダーを含む火工組成物
JPH0692770A (ja) 非毒性ホットガスを生成する組成物及び自動車の乗客を保護するための装置へのその使用
AU749890B2 (en) Foamed energetic igniters and air bag assemblies containing the same
JP3802094B2 (ja) 熱可塑性バインダー及びポリブタジエンシリルフェロセン可塑剤を含む固体火工組成物
US6666934B2 (en) Extruded hydroxy terminated polybutadiene gas generating material
US5734123A (en) Extrudable gas-generating compositions
EP0853603B1 (de) Schnellhärtendes Bindemittelsystem mit Hydroxylendgruppen enthaltende, geformte, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung
JP2002511829A (ja) モレキュラーシーブを含む硝酸アンモニウム噴射剤
US6080248A (en) Non-detonatable pyrotechnic materials for microsystems
US3692597A (en) Polyurethane propellant compositions and their preparation
DE60314873T2 (de) Aufblassystem mit verteilter ladung
EP1606229B1 (de) Bindemittelmatrix für gaserzeuger und verwandte zusammensetzungen und verfahren
US6136112A (en) Smokeless gas generating composition for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US6802533B1 (en) Gas generating material for vehicle occupant protection device
EP0687544A1 (de) Düseeinsatz für Extrusion von gaserzeugenden Körnern
JP2001500835A (ja) ハイブリッド・エア・バッグ膨張装置における混合ガスの使用

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19980429

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: LARIMER, MERLIN, W.

Inventor name: SCHEFFEE, ROBERT, S.

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20001011

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A4

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20020902

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: MOLDED GAS GENERATING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A QUICK CURE HYDROXYL-TERMINATED BINDER SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TH

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69630965

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20040115

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20040303

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20040906

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20060802

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20060808

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20060828

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20070719

Year of fee payment: 12

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20070829

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20080430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070829

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080829