EP0847662B1 - Haut-parleurs - Google Patents

Haut-parleurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0847662B1
EP0847662B1 EP96929395A EP96929395A EP0847662B1 EP 0847662 B1 EP0847662 B1 EP 0847662B1 EP 96929395 A EP96929395 A EP 96929395A EP 96929395 A EP96929395 A EP 96929395A EP 0847662 B1 EP0847662 B1 EP 0847662B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
transducer
suspended ceiling
radiator
acoustic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96929395A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0847662A1 (fr
Inventor
Henry Azima
Martin Colloms
Neil Harris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NVF Tech Ltd
Original Assignee
New Transducers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34865242&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0847662(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from GBGB9517918.0A external-priority patent/GB9517918D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9522281.6A external-priority patent/GB9522281D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9606836.6A external-priority patent/GB9606836D0/en
Application filed by New Transducers Ltd filed Critical New Transducers Ltd
Publication of EP0847662A1 publication Critical patent/EP0847662A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0847662B1 publication Critical patent/EP0847662B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/021—Transducers or their casings adapted for mounting in or to a wall or ceiling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to loudspeakers and more particularly to loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements.
  • cone type speaker where the 'cone' is a polystyrene structure with a flat front surface, which may be painted.
  • a combination of additional moving coil drivers fitted to their diaphragm, the latter structured to shrink acoustically with increasing frequency, may give a wider radiation pattern than a conventional cone speaker.
  • These polystyrene foam speaker units require chassis and acoustic baffles for mounting them in position.
  • US-A-4,506,117 of MULTIPHONIE discloses a suspended ceiling panel provided with an electroacoustic transducer having a metal base plate by which it is made solid with the panel.
  • Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co-pending PCT publication No. W097/09842 of even date herewith.
  • Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s) ; are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with active acoustic devices in the form of loudspeakers the purpose of use in a suspended ceiling tile.
  • the invention is a suspended ceiling tile incorporating a loudspeaker, characterised in that the tile comprises a member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means and having a transducer mounted wholly and exclusively on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating.
  • the suspended ceiling tile may be characterised in that the member comprises a cellular core, e.g. of foamed plastics, sandwiched by high modulus skins.
  • a resilient suspension may be disposed at the periphery of the radiator to support the radiator in a suspended ceiling frame.
  • the transducer may be an inertial vibration transducer.
  • a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International application No. (our case P.5711) of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame (1) carrying a resilient suspension (3) round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel (2).
  • a transducer (9) e.g as described in detail with reference to our co-pending International applications Nos. (our cases P.5683/4/5) of even date herewith, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel (2) at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y , the position of which location is calculated as described in our co-pending International application No. (our case P.5711) of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output.
  • the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier (10), e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28).
  • a signal amplifier (10) e.g. an audio amplifier
  • Amplifier loading and power requirements can be entirely normal, similar to conventional cone type speakers, sensitivity being of the order of 86 - 88dB/watt under room loaded conditions.
  • Amplifier load impedance is largely resistive at 6 ohms, power handling 20-80 watts. Where the panel core and/or skins are of metal, they may be made to act as a heat sink for the transducer to remove heat from the motor coil of the transducer and thus improve power handling.
  • Figures 2 a and 2 b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20).
  • Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
  • Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
  • Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
  • Figure 2 b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
  • the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
  • RTM Kevlar
  • Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
  • Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
  • thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
  • Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
  • Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
  • a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
  • piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
  • Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
  • electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
  • the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
  • the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
  • Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
  • An acoustic panel as described above is bidirectional.
  • the sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a ceiling tile (36) of the kind adapted to be supported in a grid-like suspended frame (99) to form a suspended ceiling, and which is formed as a loudspeaker (81) of the kind shown in Figures 1 and 2, that is to say comprising a stiff, lightweight multi-mode resonating panel (2) having a core (22) enclosed by skins (21) on both sides.
  • the panel (2) is mounted at its periphery on a resilient suspension (3) of foam rubber which is supported on the frame (99).
  • the suspension (3) may be attached to either the panel (2) or to the frame (99) by means of an adhesive, but the connection may be by gravity alone.
  • the panel (2) carries a transducer (9), e.g.
  • the transducer (9) may be positioned on the panel as described in our co-pending International publication No. W097/09842.
  • the acoustic panel is made as an expanded polystyrene foam core of typically 100g/m3 density, 8mm thick, skinned with hardened aluminium alloy skins of 0.1mm.
  • a soft foam or felt strip, some 3mm thick is fixed to the perimeter to provide a partially compliant mounting when placed in the ceiling frames and also helps to suppress any possible vibration in the ceiling framing sections.
  • a preferred form of excitations is a unitary moving coil inertial transducer with a 25mm or 38mm voice coil, 6 ohms impedance, 40 watt power handling, with the coil bonded directly to the panel surface.
  • a compact cup type magnet system enclosed and self sealing may also be bonded directly to the panel via a resilient decoupling ring chosen for its vibro-mechanical properties and dimensional stability.
  • a low cost form ceiling tile can be made with a plastics foam cored paper faced board material, which may have a light alloy foil layer for fire retardancy, driven by low cost piezo vibration exciters. Reduced maximum sound levels are obtained, still more than sufficient for personnel announcements, voice overs and background music distribution. The wide area coverage is maintained.
  • the speaker may be earth bonded or grounded to maintain EMC screening of an installed structure.
  • a ceiling tile loudspeaker does not require a frame, chassis, or acoustic baffle.
  • the entire speaker panel is unitary and may be placed in position just like a passive decorative ceiling tile.
  • the acoustic panel is relatively lightweight, reducing ceiling loadings and aiding installation. It may readily be made fire resistant. It can be decorated, painted or papered to render it invisible in a ceiling installation without significant acoustic impairment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Une dalle (36) de plafond suspendu dans laquelle un haut-parleur (81) est incorporé, caractérisée en ce que la dalle comprend un élément (2) ayant la possibilité d'entretenir et de faire propager de l'énergie vibratoire d'entrée, par des ondes de flexion, dans au moins une zone active s'étendant transversalement à l'épaisseur, pour avoir des composantes de vibration de mode résonnant réparties sur la zone précitée, et pour avoir des emplacements ou des sites préférentiels prédéterminés à l'intérieur de cette zone pour des moyens à transducteur, et ayant un transducteur (9) monté complètement et exclusivement sur l'élément, à l'un des emplacements ou des sites, pour faire vibrer l'élément de façon qu'il résonne en formant un radiateur acoustique qui produit une émission acoustique lorsqu'il résonne.
  2. Une dalle de plafond suspendu selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément (2) comprend une âme cellulaire (22) intercalée entre des peaux (21) à module élevé.
  3. Une dalle de plafond suspendu selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisée par une suspension élastique (3) disposée à la périphérie de l'élément rayonnant (2), pour supporter l'élément rayonnant dans un châssis (99) de plafond suspendu.
  4. Une dalle de plafond suspendu selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3 lorsqu'elle est rattachée à la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'âme cellulaire (22) est en matière plastique (97) sous forme de mousse.
  5. Une dalle de plafond suspendu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le transducteur (9) est un transducteur de vibration inertiel.
EP96929395A 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Haut-parleurs Expired - Lifetime EP0847662B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) 1995-09-02 1995-09-02 Acoustic device
GB9517918 1995-09-02
GB9522281 1995-10-31
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) 1995-10-31 1995-10-31 Acoustic device
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) 1996-03-30 1996-03-30 Acoustic device
GB9606836 1996-03-30
PCT/GB1996/002153 WO1997009843A1 (fr) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Haut-parleurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0847662A1 EP0847662A1 (fr) 1998-06-17
EP0847662B1 true EP0847662B1 (fr) 1999-03-10

Family

ID=34865242

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96929395A Expired - Lifetime EP0847662B1 (fr) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Haut-parleurs

Country Status (19)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0847662B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11514509A (fr)
AT (1) ATE177576T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU703071B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9610450A (fr)
CA (1) CA2230053A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69601725T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0847662T3 (fr)
EA (1) EA002109B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2131407T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1008640A1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9900181A3 (fr)
IL (1) IL123484A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ316552A (fr)
PL (1) PL182618B1 (fr)
RO (1) RO119040B1 (fr)
SK (1) SK25798A3 (fr)
TR (1) TR199800358T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997009843A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999011490A1 (fr) * 1997-09-03 1999-03-11 New Transducers Limited Panneau de garniture avec systeme acoustique integre
WO2000054552A1 (fr) * 1999-03-10 2000-09-14 New Transducers Limited Haut-parleur panneau a mode resonant avec emetteur de lumiere
US6443586B1 (en) 1999-03-10 2002-09-03 New Transducers Limited Light-emitting panel-form loudspeaker
DE19922395C1 (de) * 1999-05-14 2001-01-11 Harman Audio Electronic Sys Deckenelement
AU7388200A (en) 1999-07-23 2001-02-13 Digital Sonics, Llc Flat panel speaker
DE50014004D1 (de) * 2000-02-02 2007-03-15 Siemens Ag Beleuchtungsanordnung mit einem integrierten Flächenlautsprecher
DE10030746B4 (de) * 2000-06-23 2008-11-20 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Innenverkleidungsteil für Fahrzeuge und verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
US8103024B2 (en) * 2000-09-20 2012-01-24 Harman Becker Automotive Systems Gmbh Door with structural components configured to radiate acoustic energy
NZ514651A (en) * 2000-11-03 2003-05-30 Armstrong World Ind Inc Flat panel radiator spaced from acoustically resistant scrim, with assembly located in grid structure
US6911901B2 (en) 2000-12-20 2005-06-28 New Transducers Limited Multi-functional vibro-acoustic device
US8284955B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2012-10-09 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US11431312B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2022-08-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10158337B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2018-12-18 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10848118B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10069471B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2018-09-04 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US11202161B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2021-12-14 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US10848867B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US9615189B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2017-04-04 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function
US10701505B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-06-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
EP2023654A1 (fr) * 2007-07-23 2009-02-11 Knauf AMF GmbH & Co. KG Haut-parleur en plaques
GB0724149D0 (en) 2007-12-11 2008-01-23 New Transducers Ltd Touch-sensitive device
DE102008027385B4 (de) * 2008-06-09 2019-04-25 Fischer Profil Gmbh Sandwichelement für die Erstellung von Wänden und Dächern
JP6012937B2 (ja) * 2011-06-17 2016-10-25 住友理工株式会社 サウンドマスキングシステム
US9264004B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2016-02-16 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing
US9883318B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2018-01-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems
US9906858B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2018-02-27 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10639000B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2020-05-05 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Device for wide-band auscultation
US10820883B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2020-11-03 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body
US9615813B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2017-04-11 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. Device for wide-band auscultation
US9564146B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2017-02-07 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment
US9638672B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2017-05-02 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body
US9621994B1 (en) 2015-11-16 2017-04-11 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Surface acoustic transducer
US9906867B2 (en) 2015-11-16 2018-02-27 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Surface acoustic transducer
CN112236812A (zh) 2018-04-11 2021-01-15 邦吉欧维声学有限公司 音频增强听力保护系统
WO2020028833A1 (fr) 2018-08-02 2020-02-06 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Système, procédé et appareil pour générer et traiter numériquement une fonction de transfert audio liée à la tête
US10834487B1 (en) * 2018-12-03 2020-11-10 V Charles Douglass Coleman Wall art music speaker system

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DE2819615A1 (de) * 1978-05-05 1979-11-08 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Verfahren zur erzielung gleichmaessiger schallverteilungseigenschaften
CH645227A5 (fr) * 1981-12-22 1984-09-14 Multiphonie Sa Transducteur electro-acoustique.
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DK0541646T3 (da) * 1990-08-04 1995-03-20 Secr Defence Brit Panelformet højttaler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9610450A (pt) 1999-06-15
EA002109B1 (ru) 2001-12-24
HUP9900181A3 (en) 2001-08-28
AU6881096A (en) 1997-03-27
PL182618B1 (pl) 2002-02-28
PL325272A1 (en) 1998-07-20
DE69601725D1 (de) 1999-04-15
RO119040B1 (ro) 2004-02-27
SK25798A3 (en) 1998-09-09
AU703071B2 (en) 1999-03-11
EP0847662A1 (fr) 1998-06-17
WO1997009843A1 (fr) 1997-03-13
HUP9900181A2 (hu) 1999-05-28
ATE177576T1 (de) 1999-03-15
DE69601725T2 (de) 1999-09-16
JPH11514509A (ja) 1999-12-07
IL123484A (en) 2000-12-06
HK1008640A1 (en) 1999-05-14
ES2131407T3 (es) 1999-07-16
IL123484A0 (en) 1998-09-24
EA199800253A1 (ru) 1998-10-29
DK0847662T3 (da) 1999-09-27
CA2230053A1 (fr) 1997-03-13
TR199800358T1 (xx) 1998-05-21
NZ316552A (en) 1998-05-27

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