EP0842508B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fokussieren von schallwellen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fokussieren von schallwellen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0842508B1
EP0842508B1 EP96925774A EP96925774A EP0842508B1 EP 0842508 B1 EP0842508 B1 EP 0842508B1 EP 96925774 A EP96925774 A EP 96925774A EP 96925774 A EP96925774 A EP 96925774A EP 0842508 B1 EP0842508 B1 EP 0842508B1
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Prior art keywords
sound
signal
acoustic
loudspeakers
space
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EP96925774A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0842508A1 (de
Inventor
Mathias Fink
Jacques Lewiner
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POUR LES APPLICATIONS DU RETOURNEMENT TEMPOREL Ste
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POUR LES APPLICATIONS DU RETOURNEMENT TEMPOREL Ste
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering
    • G10K11/341—Circuits therefor
    • G10K11/346—Circuits therefor using phase variation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R27/00—Public address systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and acoustic wave focusing devices.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method for sounding a space disturbing the propagation of acoustic waves in order to transmit in this space information in the form of acoustic waves by means of a number n of loudspeakers, n being a natural integer at less equal to 1, this method comprising sound stages during which at least one acoustic signal S (t) carrying information is transmitted in at least one area, called “target area", which belongs to the space to be sounded , this transmission being carried out by causing acoustic signals s i (t) to be emitted by at least one subset of so-called "active" loudspeakers, which subset comprises at least one loudspeaker chosen from among the n loudspeakers mentioned above.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to optimize the transmission of information inside such space.
  • this device also comprises means to select the target area within the space to sound.
  • the space to be sounded is a train station 101 equipped of a large number of n of speakers 102, n being a natural integer for example greater than 10.
  • speakers 102 are signaling audible, for example an information message for the attention travelers 103
  • the resulting sound waves reach travelers 103 with significant distortions which are due to the fact that these sound waves undergo multiple paths and therefore arrive so inconsistent in travelers' ears 103.
  • the information message, or any other sound signal from the speakers is often difficult for travelers to understand 103.
  • an acoustic "calibration" operation is first carried out on the station 101, by determining the impulse response h ij (t) between each loudspeaker i and each point j being part of a set of predetermined points 107 said to be "calibration" distributed inside the station 1.
  • the calibration points 107 are preferably located approximately at breast height, for example at a height between 1.50 m and 1.75 m above the ground, and they are distributed in the various parts of the station 101 which are frequented by travelers 103.
  • the impulse response h ij (t) corresponds to the acoustic signal received at point j when the loudspeaker i emits a short acoustic pulse (ideally a Dirac pulse) or vice versa to the acoustic signal received at the loudspeaker i when emits at point j a short acoustic pulse (the impulse response is the same in both directions of propagation).
  • impulse responses can therefore be measured relatively simply, preferably at night or at least at a time when station 101 is not receiving audience, having each speaker emit successively 102 a short acoustic pulse, and by measuring the acoustic signals received following this pulse at the various calibration points 107, using 108 microphones ( Figure 3) previously arranged at the points 107.
  • each speaker 102 receives successively from a computer 109 the impulse signal to be sent, the computer 109 being connected, for example by a connection in bus, to a plurality of digital-to-analog converters 110, each of these digital-to-analog converters being connected to a speaker 102 via an amplifier 111, and each of these converters digital-analog 110 being addressable and controlled independently by the computer 109, so that each speaker 102 can emit a signal independent of other speakers.
  • the various microphones 108 located at level of the calibration points 107 are each connected to a analog to digital converter 112 via an amplifier 113, the converters 112 can be for example addressable converters connected by bus to computer 109, so that the signals picked up by the microphones 108 can be memorized by the computer 109 for each calibration point 107.
  • the impulse responses h ij (t) thus memorized by the computer 109 are then time inverted by this computer, which finally stores the time inversions of the impulse responses h ij (-t).
  • the sound signal S (t) is broadcast at by means of the computer 109, which receives the signal S (t) by through at least one entry route 117 comprising for example a microphone 118 or another source sending the signal S (t) to the computer, an amplifier 119 and a analog-to-digital converter 120.
  • the computer 109 is also connected to a interface 121 comprising for example a keyboard and a screen which allows an operator to choose the target area 114, 115 in which he wishes to broadcast a message or other audible signal.
  • a interface 121 comprising for example a keyboard and a screen which allows an operator to choose the target area 114, 115 in which he wishes to broadcast a message or other audible signal.
  • this message S (t) is received by the computer 109 , which calculates the signals s i (t) to be transmitted by each speaker 102 and transmits these signals to the corresponding speakers 102 via digital-analog converters 110 and amplifiers 111.
  • the signals s i (t) emitted only by some of the loudspeakers of the station 101, called active speakers, for example the loudspeakers closest to the target area.
  • each active loudspeaker that is to say in general each loudspeaker of the station 101, emits an acoustic signal
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to send a message particularly clear and possibly particularly strong at a given individual 122 ( Figure 2) or to a given group of individuals.
  • it may be a service message intended for a particular employee, or a message deterrent to an individual committing a offense or recklessness.
  • the operator identifies the position of individual 122 or the group of individuals receiving the message, this identification can be carried out by vision direct or indirectly by viewing one or more control screens linked to one or more cameras monitoring.
  • the operator indicates the position of the individual 122 to the computer 109 via interface 121, after which the computer 109 automatically determines a target area 123 of size collapsed, containing individual 122 and at least one dot calibration 107, then the operator broadcasts to the individual 122 his dissuasive message.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum Beschallen eines Raumes (101), der die Fortpflanzung von akustischen Wellen stört, um in diesen Raum Informationen in Form von akustischen Wellen mittels einer Anzahl n an Lautsprechern (102) zu übertragen, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl ist, die mindestens gleich 1 ist, wobei dieses Verfahren Verfahrensschritte der Beschallung umfaßt, in deren Verlauf wenigstens ein akustisches Informations-Trägersignal S(t) in wenigstens einen Bereich (114, 115, 123) - den sogenannten "Zielbereich" - übertragen wird, der zu dem zu beschallenden Raum (101) gehört, wobei diese Übertragung realisiert wird, indem veranlaßt wird, akustische Signale si(t) durch mindestens eine Teilmenge von Lautsprechern (102), nämlich den "Aktiven" auszustrahlen, wobei diese Teilmenge mindestens einen Lautsprecher umfaßt, der unter den oben erwähnten Lautsprechern ausgewählt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Verlauf jedes Verfahrensschrittes der Beschallung jeder aktive Lautsprecher i ein Signal
    Figure 00150001
    emittiert, wobei:
    hij(-t) die zeitliche, vorher bestimmte und gespeicherte Umkehrung der Impuls-Antwort hij(t) zwischen dem Lautsprecher i und einem vorher bestimmten Punkt j der sogenannten "Kalibration" (107) darstellt, der zu dem Zielbereich (114, 115, 123) gehört, wobei der Zielbereich eine Anzahl p von Kalibrationspunkten umfaßt, wobei p eine natürliche Zahl ist, die mindestens gleich 1 ist, wobei die Impulsantwort hij(t) einem am Punkt j empfangenen, akustischen Signal entspricht, wenn der Lautsprecher i einen kurzen, akustischen Impuls emittiert,
    und die Koeffizienten aj vorbestimmte Gewichtungskoeffizienten sind.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem alle Gewichtungskoeffizienten aj gleich 1 sind.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, bei dem die Teilmenge der aktiven Lautsprecher (102) alle Lautsprecher des zu beschallenden Raumes (101) umfaßt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, bei dem die Anzahl p der Punkte der Kalibration (107) des Zielbereichs (114, 115) wenigstens gleich 2 ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, bei dem die Anzahl n an Lautsprechern (102) wenigstens gleich 2 ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, bei dem das Signal S(t) wenigstens teilweise einem Schallsignal entspricht, das aus den entsprechenden Signalen einer menschlichen Stimme und den entsprechenden Signalen von Musikstücken ausgewählt ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der zu beschallende Raum (101) ein für die Öffentlichkeit bestimmter Ort ist und die Signale S(t) zumindest teilweise Informationsmitteilungen für die Öffentlichkeit darstellen.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei dem im Verlauf zumindest einiger Beschallungsvorgänge simultan eine Anzahl q an Zielbereichen (114, 115, 123) beschallt wird, wobei q eine natürliche Zahl ist, die wenigstens gleich 2 ist, wobei jeder aktive Lautsprecher i nun die Übereinanderlagerung von q-akustischen Signalen emittiert,
    Figure 00170001
    wobei k eine natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und q ist, die jedem Zielbereich entspricht, wobei Sk(t) das akustische Informations-Trägersignal darstellt, das zur Ausstrahlung in den Zielbereich mit dem Index k vorgesehen sind ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, bei dem der in zumindest einigen der Beschallungsvorgänge vorgesehene Zielbereich (123) ein möglichst reduzierter Bereich ist, der zumindest einen Punkt der Kalibration (107) umfaßt und in dem sich wenigstens eine Zielperson (122) für eine durch das Signal S(t) dargestellte Sprachnachricht befindet.
  10. Vorrichtung zum Anwenden eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, um einen Raum (101) zu beschallen, der die Fortpflanzung von akustischen Wellen stört, wobei diese Vorrichtung umfaßt:
    eine Anzahl n an Lautsprechern (102), die dem Rauminneren zugeteilt sind, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl ist, die wenigstens gleich 1 ist,
    wenigstens eine Eingangsstrecke (117) zum Empfangen eines Informations-Trägersignals S(t), das in Form von akustischen Wellen in zumindest einen Bereich (114, 115, 123) - den sogenannten "Zielbereich"-übertragen wird, der zu dem zu beschallenden Raum gehört, wobei diese Übertragung realisiert wird, indem veranlaßt wird, akustische Signale si(t) durch zumindest eine Teilmenge von Lautsprechern (102), nämlich den aktiven zu emittieren, wobei diese Teilmenge zumindest einen Lautsprecher umfaßt, der unter den n obenerwähnten Lautsprechern ausgewählt ist,
    ein Signalverarbeitungssystem (109) zur Bestimmung jedes Signals si(t) mittels der Gleichung:
    Figure 00180001
    wobei:
    hij(-t) die zeitliche, vorher bestimmte und gespeicherte Umkehrung der Impulsantwort hij(t) zwischen einem aktiven Lautsprecher i und einem vorbestimmten Punkt j der sogenannten "Kalibration" darstellt, der zu einem Zielbereich gehört, wobei der Zielbereich (114, 115, 123) eine Anzahl p an Kalibrationspunkten (107) umfaßt, wobei p eine natürliche Zahl ist, die mindestens gleich 1 ist, und die Impulsantwort hij(t) einem am Punkt j empfangenen, akustischen Signal entspricht, wenn der Höhen-Lautsprecher i einen kurzen, akustischen Impuls emittiert,
    und die Koeffizienten aj vorbestimmte Gewichtungskoeffizienten sind, wobei das Signalverarbeitungssystem (109) mit der Eingangsstrecke zum Empfangen des Signals S(t) und mit verschiedenen Höhen-Lautsprechern (102) verbunden ist, um diesen jeweils die Signale si(t) zu übertragen.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 umfassend eine Einrichtung (121) zum Auswählen des Zielbereichs im Herzen des zu beschallenden Raumes.
EP96925774A 1995-07-13 1996-07-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fokussieren von schallwellen Expired - Lifetime EP0842508B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99111417A EP0944035B1 (de) 1995-07-13 1996-07-11 Verfahren und Anordnung zur Fokussierung akustischer Welle

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FR9508543 1995-07-13
FR9508543 1995-07-13
PCT/FR1996/001083 WO1997003438A1 (fr) 1995-07-13 1996-07-11 Procede et dispositif de focalisation d'ondes acoustiques

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EP0842508B1 true EP0842508B1 (de) 2000-01-12

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JP (1) JP3675836B2 (de)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0944035B1 (de) 2011-03-30
DE69638347D1 (de) 2011-05-12
DE69606179D1 (de) 2000-02-17
EP0944035A2 (de) 1999-09-22
EP0842508A1 (de) 1998-05-20
US6198829B1 (en) 2001-03-06
EP0944035A3 (de) 2001-04-18
WO1997003438A1 (fr) 1997-01-30
DE69606179T2 (de) 2000-08-17
US6978028B2 (en) 2005-12-20
JP3675836B2 (ja) 2005-07-27
US20010001603A1 (en) 2001-05-24
JP2000501896A (ja) 2000-02-15

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