EP0838586B1 - Cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0838586B1 EP0838586B1 EP97117203A EP97117203A EP0838586B1 EP 0838586 B1 EP0838586 B1 EP 0838586B1 EP 97117203 A EP97117203 A EP 97117203A EP 97117203 A EP97117203 A EP 97117203A EP 0838586 B1 EP0838586 B1 EP 0838586B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- walls
- cover
- extend
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
- F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
- F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the preamble of Claim 1.
- Modern internal combustion engines in particular highly charged diesel internal combustion engines with direct injection, work with high combustion pressure, which is related to the rigidity of the Make special demands on the cylinder head.
- With insufficient Rigidity can have high vibration amplitudes in the central Combustion chamber area occur, leading to cracking in the cylinder head floor and / or lead in other places.
- Moreover can deform the valve guides and the valve seats occur, the valve breaks or at least valve leaks with subsequent thermal overload of the valves, of the valve seat rings and the valve guides can. It is also difficult to provide a reliable seal
- To achieve cylinder crankcase because of space reasons mostly only four cylinder head bolts per cylinder can be provided can.
- the casting has one of the side outer walls, the cylinder head base and the cylinder head cover limited Cooling water space on that of the inlet and outlet channels and is penetrated by shafts, the spark plugs or Pick up injectors.
- the cylinder head base is at the cylinder head according to DE-A 35 13 126 within the cooling water chamber between the combustion chamber sections of the cylinder head floor between this and the cylinder head cover retaining walls provided with molded support columns for bores
- Inclusion of cylinder head screws are provided.
- the invention has for its object a generic Cylinder head with increased rigidity create.
- the vertical, longitudinal and transverse walls formed on the screw pipes, that extend around each combustion chamber area one achieved high rigidity of the cylinder head base, which now is further increased that the floor at the circumference of each Combustion chamber area at least over the vertical transverse walls supported directly on the ceiling between adjacent screw pipes becomes.
- a support is preferably also provided the longitudinal walls penetrated by the inlet and outlet channels by webs that extend from the top edges to the ceiling. With a four-valve cylinder head, this extends at the upper edge of the relevant longitudinal walls webs of Places, each between the two outlet channels and the both intake ports of each cylinder are up to the ceiling.
- At a diesel engine are in the webs between the Inlet channels provided holes for receiving glow plugs
- the cylinder head shown in the drawings consists of a casting with a bottom 1, a solid ceiling 2 and lateral outer walls 3 and 4, which together form a water space 5 limit.
- the bottom of the bottom 1 points for each cylinder a combustion chamber 6 (Fig. 6), in which two inlet channels 7 open and start from the two outlet channels 8, which through extend the cooling water chamber 5 to the outer wall 3 or 4.
- There is also a vertical one for each combustion chamber Shaft 9 is provided for receiving an injection nozzle, which itself from floor 1 to ceiling 2 and beyond by the adjacent one Control room 10 extends.
- Screw pipes 11 are provided, which extend from the bottom 1 to Extend ceiling 2.
- At 12 are the valve guides for the Inlet and exhaust valves, not shown.
- each combustion chamber 6 To ensure a high level of rigidity of the cylinder head base 1 in particular to reach along the circumference of each combustion chamber 6 are neighboring Screw whistles 11 between adjacent combustion chambers with each other by integrally formed vertical transverse walls 13 and adjacent ones Screw pipes 11 on the sides of the side outer walls 3.4 with each other by integrally formed vertical longitudinal walls 14 or 15 connected.
- the transverse walls 13, as shown in Fig. 4 can be seen directly on the one hand with the bottom 1 and on the other hand connected to the ceiling 2 and, as shown in Fig. 6, in the middle thickens so that it is in the peripheral area of the neighboring Project combustion chambers 6.
- the inlet channels 7 extend through the longitudinal wall 14 and their walls are on molded this longitudinal wall (Fig.3).
- the Walls of the inlet and outlet channels are also on the shaft 9 molded.
- the longitudinal walls 14 and 15 are on their to the Screw pipes 11 molded ends to the ceiling 2 and thus pulled up close to the point where the screw forces are introduced and connected to it so that the screw forces largely evenly over the circumference of each combustion chamber 6 are effective.
- the longitudinal walls 14, 15 are, as from FIGS. 5 and 6 can be seen in its lower areas adjacent to the floor 1 thickened so that they also in the peripheral region of the Project combustion chamber 6.
- the longitudinal walls 14, 15 supported in the middle by webs 16 and 17 on the ceiling 2. The webs are located in the four-valve cylinder head shown 16 and 17, as shown in FIGS.
- each combustion chamber 6 is a support for the cylinder head base 1 on the solid cylinder head cover 2.
- openings 18 for guiding cooling water intended. Further openings or cavities for cooling water are designated by 19.
- the outgoing from the longitudinal wall 14 Web 16 contains a longitudinal bore 20 for receiving a Glow plug.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zylinderkopf für eine Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine
entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des
Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine
according to the preamble of
Moderne Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere hochaufgeladene Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen mit Direkteinspritzung, arbeiten mit hohen Verbrennungsspitzendrücken, die an die Steifigkeit des Zylinderkopfes besondere Anforderungen stellen. Bei unzureichender Steifigkeit können hohe Schwingungsamplituden im zentralen Brennraumbereich auftreten, die zu Rißbildung im Zylinderkopfboden und/oder an anderen Stellen führen können. Außerdem können Verformungen der Ventilführungen und der Ventilsitze auftreten, die Ventilbrüche oder zumindest Ventilundichtigkeiten mit anschließender thermischer Überbelastung der Ventile, der Ventilsitzringe und der Ventilführungen zur Folge haben können. Auch ist es schwierig, eine zuverlässige Abdichtung zum Zylinderkurbelgehäuse zu erreichen, da aus Platzgründen meist nur vier Zylinderkopfschrauben pro Zylinder vorgesehen werden können.Modern internal combustion engines, in particular highly charged diesel internal combustion engines with direct injection, work with high combustion pressure, which is related to the rigidity of the Make special demands on the cylinder head. With insufficient Rigidity can have high vibration amplitudes in the central Combustion chamber area occur, leading to cracking in the cylinder head floor and / or lead in other places. Moreover can deform the valve guides and the valve seats occur, the valve breaks or at least valve leaks with subsequent thermal overload of the valves, of the valve seat rings and the valve guides can. It is also difficult to provide a reliable seal To achieve cylinder crankcase, because of space reasons mostly only four cylinder head bolts per cylinder can be provided can.
Bei Zylinderköpfen der gattungsgemäßen Art (siehe z.B. DE-A 35 13 126) weist das Gußstück einen von seitlichen Außenwänden, dem Zylinderkopfboden und der Zylinderkopfdecke begrenzten Kühlwasserraum auf, der von den Einlaß- und Auslaßkanälen und von Schächten durchsetzt ist, die Zündkerzen oder Einspritzdüsen aufnehmen. Zur Steigerung der Steifigkeit der brennraumseitigen Abschnitte des Zylinderkopfbodens sind bei dem Zylinderkopf gemäß der DE-A 35 13 126 innerhalb des Kühlwasserraumes zwischen den Brennraumabschnitten des Zylinderkopfbodens zwischen diesem und der Zylinderkopfdecke Stützwände vorgesehen, die mit eingeformten Stützsäulen für Bohrungen zur Aufnahme von Zylinderkopfschrauben versehen sind. Zusätzlich ist zwischen dem Zylinderkopfboden und der Zylinderkopfdecke eine sich über die Länge des Zylinderkopfes erstreckende Längsrippe vorgesehen, die mit den Stützwänden und mit den Schächten für die Zündkerzen oder Einspritzdüsen verbunden ist. Damit wird zwar bereits eine beträchtliche Erhöhung der Steifigkeit des Zylinderkopfes erreicht, die sich jedoch insbesondere bei sehr hohen Verbrennungsspitzendrücken als nicht ausreichend erwiesen hat.For cylinder heads of the generic type (see e.g. DE-A 35 13 126) the casting has one of the side outer walls, the cylinder head base and the cylinder head cover limited Cooling water space on that of the inlet and outlet channels and is penetrated by shafts, the spark plugs or Pick up injectors. To increase the rigidity of the Sections of the cylinder head base on the combustion chamber are at the cylinder head according to DE-A 35 13 126 within the cooling water chamber between the combustion chamber sections of the cylinder head floor between this and the cylinder head cover retaining walls provided with molded support columns for bores Inclusion of cylinder head screws are provided. In addition is between the cylinder head base and the cylinder head cover a longitudinal rib extending the length of the cylinder head provided with the retaining walls and with the shafts for the spark plugs or injectors. In order to will already have a significant increase in stiffness of the cylinder head, which is particularly true very high combustion peak pressures have been found to be insufficient Has.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Zylinderkopf mit nochmals gesteigerter Steifigkeit zu schaffen.The invention has for its object a generic Cylinder head with increased rigidity create.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des
Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the in the characteristic of
Features specified
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopf wird durch die senkrechten, an die Schraubenpfeifen angeformten Längs- und Querwände, die sich um jeden Brennraumbereich herum erstrecken, eine hohe Steifigkeit des Zylinderkopfbodens erreicht, die nun dadurch weiter gesteigert wird, daß der Boden am Umfang jedes Brennraumbereiches zumindest über die senkrechten Querwände zwischen benachbarten Schraubenpfeifen direkt an der Decke abgestützt wird. Vorzugsweise erfolgt auch eine Abstützung über die von den Einlaß- und Auslaßkanälen durchsetzten Längswände durch Stege, die sich von deren Oberkanten bis zur Decke erstrecken. Bei einem Vierventil-Zylinderkopf erstrecken sich dabei an der Oberkante der betreffenden Längswände Stege von Stellen, die jeweils zwischen den beiden Auslaßkanälen und den beiden Einlaßkanälen jedes Zylinders liegen, bis zur Decke. Bei einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine sind in den Stegen zwischen den Einlaßkanälen Bohrungen zur Aufnahme von Glühkerzen vorgeseheneIn the cylinder head according to the invention, the vertical, longitudinal and transverse walls formed on the screw pipes, that extend around each combustion chamber area, one achieved high rigidity of the cylinder head base, which now is further increased that the floor at the circumference of each Combustion chamber area at least over the vertical transverse walls supported directly on the ceiling between adjacent screw pipes becomes. A support is preferably also provided the longitudinal walls penetrated by the inlet and outlet channels by webs that extend from the top edges to the ceiling. With a four-valve cylinder head, this extends at the upper edge of the relevant longitudinal walls webs of Places, each between the two outlet channels and the both intake ports of each cylinder are up to the ceiling. At a diesel engine are in the webs between the Inlet channels provided holes for receiving glow plugs
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben. An embodiment of the invention is described below Described with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht eines Vierventil-Zylinderkopfes für eine Vierzylinder-Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt entlang Linie A-A in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt entlang Linie B-B in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt entlag Linie C-C in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 5
- einen Schnitt entlang Linie D-D in Fig. 1, und
- Fig. 6
- einen Schnitt entlang Linie E-E in Fig. 5.
- Fig. 1
- a plan view of a four-valve cylinder head for a four-cylinder diesel internal combustion engine with direct injection,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a section along line AA in FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3
- 2 shows a section along line BB in FIG. 1,
- Fig. 4
- a section along line CC in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 5
- a section along line DD in Fig. 1, and
- Fig. 6
- a section along line EE in Fig. 5th
Der in den Zeichnungen dargestellte Zylinderkopf besteht aus
einem Gußstück mit einem Boden 1, einer massiven Decke 2 und
seitlichen Außenwänden 3 und 4, die zusammen einen Wasserraum 5
begrenzen. Die Unterseite des Bodens 1 weist für jeden Zylinder
einen Brennraum 6 (Fig. 6) auf, in den zwei Einlaßkanäle 7 münden
und von dem zwei Auslaßkanäle 8 ausgehen, die sich durch
den Kühlwasserraum 5 hindurch zur Außenwand 3 bzw. 4 erstrekken.
Außerdem ist für jeden Brennraum zentral ein senkrechter
Schacht 9 zur Aufnahme einer Einspritzdüse vorgesehen, der sich
vom Boden 1 zur Decke 2 und darüber hinaus durch den angrenzenden
Steuerraum 10 erstreckt. Zur Aufnahme der Zylinderkopfschrauben
sind um jeden Brennraum 6 herum vier senkrechte
Schraubenpfeifen 11 vorgesehen, die sich vom Boden 1 bis zur
Decke 2 erstrecken. Mit 12 sind die Ventilführungen für die
nicht gezeigten Einlaß- und Auslaßventile bezeichnet.The cylinder head shown in the drawings consists of
a casting with a
Um eine hohe Steifigkeit des Zylinderkopfbodens 1 insbesondere
entlang dem Umfang jedes Brennraumes 6 zu erreichen, sind benachbarte
Schraubenpfeifen 11 zwischen benachbarten Brennräumen
miteinander durch angeformte senkrechte Querwände 13 und benachbarte
Schraubenpfeifen 11 auf den Seiten der seitlichen Außenwände
3,4 miteinander durch angeformte senkrechte Längswände
14 bzw. 15 verbunden. Dabei sind die Querwände 13, wie aus Fig.
4 ersichtlich, direkt einerseits mit dem Boden 1 und andererseits
mit der Decke 2 verbunden und, wie in Fig. 6 gezeigt, in
der Mitte verdickt, so daß sie in den Umfangsbereich der benachbarten
Brennräume 6 hineinragen. Die Einlaßkanäle 7 erstrecken
sich durch die Längswand 14 und ihre Wände sind an
diese Längswand angeformt (Fig.3). In gleicher Weise erstrecken
sich die Auslaßkanäle 8 durch die Längswand 15 (Fig. 2). Die
Wände der Einlaß- und Auslaßkanäle sind auch an den Schacht 9
angeformt. Die Längswände 14 und 15 sind an ihren an die
Schraubenpfeifen 11 angeformten Enden bis zur Decke 2 und damit
bis nahe an die Einleitungsstellen der Schraubenkräfte hochgezogen
und mit dieser verbunden, so daß die Schraubenkräfte
weitgehend gleichmäßig über den Umfang jedes Brennraumes 6
wirksam sind. Die Längswände 14,15 sind, wie aus Fig. 5 und 6
ersichtlich, in ihren unteren, dem Boden 1 benachbarten Bereichen
verdickt, so daß sie ebenfalls in den Umfangsbereich des
Brennraumes 6 hineinragen. Zusätzlich sind die Längswände 14, 15
in der Mitte über Stege 16 bzw. 17 an der Decke 2 abgestützt.
Bei dem dargestellten Vierventil-Zylinderkopf liegen die Stege
16 und 17 also, wie in Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigt, zwischen den beiden
Einlaß- bzw. Auslaßkanälen. Durch die Querwände 13 und die
Längswände 14,15 bzw. die Stege 16,17 erfolgt über einen Großteil
des Umfanges jedes Brennraumes 6 eine Abstützung des Zylinderkopfbodens
1 an der massiven Zylinderkopfdecke 2.To ensure a high level of rigidity of the
In den Querwänden 13 sind Öffnungen 18 zur Führung von Kühlwasser
vorgesehen. Weitere Öffnungen bzw. Hohlräume für Kühlwasser
sind mit 19 bezeichnet. Der von der Längswand 14 ausgehende
Steg 16 enthält eine Längsbohrung 20 zur Aufnahme einer
Glühkerze.In the
Claims (5)
- Cylinder head of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine consisting of a casting with a coolant water chamber (5) bounded by lateral external walls (3, 4), a base (1) and a cover (2), through which inlet and outlet passages (7 or 8) and vertical pillars (11) for receiving cylinder head screws and vertical ducts (9) for housing ignition plugs or injection nozzles, joined to the base and cover, extend, characterised in that, disposed in the coolant water chamber (5) at the periphery of each combustion chamber (6) co-operating with a cylinder between adjacent screw pillars and formed thereon are vertical walls (13 and 14, 15) running in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the cylinder head, of which at least the transverse walls (13) extend as far as the cover (2), and in that the inlet and outlet passages (7 and 8) extend through the longitudinal walls (14, 15) and their walls are formed therein.
- Cylinder head as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, at their ends cast integrally with the screw pillars (11), the longitudinal walls (14, 15) extend as far as the cover (2).
- Cylinder head as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that lands (16, 17) run from the centre of the top edge of the longitudinal walls (14, 15) and extend as far as the cover (2).
- Cylinder head as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that in a four-valve cylinder head, the lands (16, 17) extend from points lying between the two inlet and outlet passages (7, 8) of each combustion chamber (6) as far as the cover (2).
- Cylinder head as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that bores (20) for receiving ignition plugs are provided in the lands (16) extending from a point between the inlet passages (7) to the cover (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19644530 | 1996-10-26 | ||
DE19644530A DE19644530C1 (en) | 1996-10-26 | 1996-10-26 | Cylinder head for multi-cylinder IC engine |
US08/957,681 US5964196A (en) | 1996-10-26 | 1997-10-24 | Cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0838586A1 EP0838586A1 (en) | 1998-04-29 |
EP0838586B1 true EP0838586B1 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=26030789
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97117203A Expired - Lifetime EP0838586B1 (en) | 1996-10-26 | 1997-10-04 | Cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5964196A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0838586B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19644530C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19737492C1 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1998-10-29 | Daimler Benz Ag | Liquid cooled cylinder head for motor vehicle internal combustion engine |
US6123055A (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2000-09-26 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Cylinder head structure |
DE19836441C1 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 1999-11-11 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Cylinder head for multiple cylinder internal combustion engine |
US6343574B1 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2002-02-05 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Load distribution rib for the combustion deck of an internal combustion engine |
JP3824832B2 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2006-09-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Cylinder head of internal combustion engine |
US6330872B1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2001-12-18 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Cylinder head casting with gusset ribs |
JP3806627B2 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2006-08-09 | 株式会社クボタ | Direct injection diesel engine |
JP4124009B2 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2008-07-23 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Cylinder head structure of internal combustion engine |
WO2005042955A2 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-12 | Avl List Gmbh | Internal combustion engine |
DE102005011232A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine |
JP6992671B2 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2022-01-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Water jacket structure |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB766187A (en) * | 1953-11-26 | 1957-01-16 | Ricardo & Co Engineers | Improvements in detachable cylinder head constructions for liquid-cooled internal combustion engines |
JPS5996341U (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-06-29 | マツダ株式会社 | Engine cylinder head structure |
JPS61167145A (en) * | 1985-01-19 | 1986-07-28 | Mazda Motor Corp | Cylinder-head structure of dohc multicylinder engine |
DE3513126A1 (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-30 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | LIQUID-COOLED FOUR-VALVE CYLINDER HEAD FOR A MULTI-CYLINDER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE8621654U1 (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1986-09-25 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Cylinder head for a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine |
JPH07103828B2 (en) * | 1987-11-17 | 1995-11-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Cylinder head for water-cooled multi-cylinder engine |
JPH0381548A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-05 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Liquid-cooling jacket structure of cylinder head |
JPH0482343U (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-17 |
-
1996
- 1996-10-26 DE DE19644530A patent/DE19644530C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-04 EP EP97117203A patent/EP0838586B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-24 US US08/957,681 patent/US5964196A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5964196A (en) | 1999-10-12 |
EP0838586A1 (en) | 1998-04-29 |
DE19644530C1 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
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