EP0823489A1 - AlMgMn alloy product for welded structures with improved corrosion resistance - Google Patents
AlMgMn alloy product for welded structures with improved corrosion resistance Download PDFInfo
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- EP0823489A1 EP0823489A1 EP97420125A EP97420125A EP0823489A1 EP 0823489 A1 EP0823489 A1 EP 0823489A1 EP 97420125 A EP97420125 A EP 97420125A EP 97420125 A EP97420125 A EP 97420125A EP 0823489 A1 EP0823489 A1 EP 0823489A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of rolled or extruded products, such as sheets, strips, tubes, bars, wires or profiles, of aluminum alloy of the AlMgMn to Mg type> 3% in weights, intended for welded constructions requiring, in addition to an elastic limit high, good resistance to fatigue and good toughness, good corrosion resistance for structural applications, such as for example boats, offshore constructions or industrial vehicles.
- the heat affected area around the weld joint is in the annealed state (state O), with less mechanical characteristics, this which does not allow to fully exploit, in welded constructions, the mechanical characteristics of the material.
- European patent application EP 0385257 (Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd) claims the application of a processing method complex and unreliable thermomechanical to an alloy containing, inter alia, from 4.0 to 6.0% magnesium and 0.1-1.0% manganese.
- the target application is not that of mechanical engineering, but that of the cover for boxes; the technical characteristics (notably resistance to pitting corrosion) of this product compare favorably to those of products known for this application, but do not meet the requirements of mechanical engineering welded.
- German patent application DE 2443443 (Siemens AG) claims a component weldable aluminum alloy machine, containing, inter alia, 3.5 to 4.9% of Mg and 0.5 to 1.5% Mn. No information is given on the characteristics mechanical or corrosion resistance of this product.
- European patent application EP 0507411 (Hoogovens Aluminum) describes the application of a complex thermomechanical treatment range to an alloy AlMgMn containing, inter alia, 0.8 to 5.6% Mg, up to 1% Mn and some other elements such as Fe, Ni Co, Cu, Cr and Zn.
- the product thus obtained is characterized by good formability, in particular good elongation at break, and the absence of Lüders lines. It does not meet the needs of welded construction resistant to corrosion.
- European patent EP 0015799 (aines et Chantiers de Bretagne) discloses a weldable alloy containing inter alia 3.5 to 4.5% magnesium and 0.2 to 0.7% manganese for the manufacture of tubes for cryogenic application. This application does not pose the problem of thermal sensitization to corrosion, and the document does not mention mechanical characteristics or other properties use of the product.
- French patent application 95-12065 relates to a particular composition alloy, subsequently registered with the Aluminum Association under the designation 5383, containing inter alia 3 to 5% of magnesium and 0.5 to 1% of manganese, in which the sum of the contents (in% by weight) Mn + 2Zn is> 0.75.
- This composition makes it possible to obtain rolled or spun products having resistance to significantly better fatigue and crack propagation speed significantly smaller than known products intended for the same application.
- the cited patent application gives no indication of the resistance to corrosion of the product.
- the alloy was presented in a communication entitled "New Aluminum Products for High-Speed Light Crafts" by G.M. RAYNAUD at Second International Forum on Aluminum Ships in Melbourne November 22-23 1995.
- French patent application 95-12466 claims a very narrow composition, to the inside of the composition ranges of alloys 5083 and 5086, containing between other 4.3 to 4.8% magnesium and less than 0.5% manganese, allowing to obtain good characteristics during large deformations. This request does not Nor does it mention corrosion resistance.
- the problem to which the present invention attempts to respond is therefore to propose rolled, extruded or drawn products of AlMgMn alloy having, after welding, a improved corrosion resistance and better resistance to the sensitizing effect of temperature exposure, while retaining good mechanical properties after welding, good resistance to fatigue and can be developed at the lowest cost.
- AlMgMn alloys can be made more resistant to the sensitizing effect of exposure to temperature when they a particular and well-defined microstructure, which results from a set of manufacturing process parameters.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a product of AlMgMn alloy for welded mechanical construction of composition (% by weight): 3.0 ⁇ Mg ⁇ 6.5 0.2 ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.0 Fe ⁇ 0.8 0.05 ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.6 Zn ⁇ 1.3 optionally Cr at a content ⁇ 0.15 and / or one or more of the elements Cu, Ti, Ag, Zr, V, at a content ⁇ 0.3 each, the other elements being ⁇ 0.05 each and ⁇ 0.15 in total, in which the number of Mg 2 Si particles with a size between 0.5 and 5 ⁇ m is between 150 and 2000 per mm 2 , and preferably between 300 and 1500 per mm 2 .
- the microstructure has a preponderant influence. More specifically, in the high magnesium content domain, i.e. above about 5%, the the material's thermal sensitivity to corrosion is considerably reduced. This better corrosion resistance allows more incorporation of magnesium to achieve mechanical properties equivalent to those of known AlMgMn alloys but unsuitable for use in corrosive environments.
- the eutectic phases Mg 2 Si the eutectic phases AlFeMnSi, the eutectic phases Al 6 (Mn, Fe) and AlFeCr, and the manganese dispersoids, noticeably submicron size, found in the grain.
- the particular microstructure according to the invention is characterized by a new distribution in size and quantity of these known phases.
- This microstructure was characterized in the following manner, well known in micrography. A polished section of the metal is prepared and observed by optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy easily identifies the Mg 2 Si phases compared to the other phases present. Scanning electron microscopy lends itself better to characterizing phases smaller than 0.5 ⁇ m; using the backscattered electron mode, it also makes it possible to distinguish the Mg 2 Si phases.
- the Mg 2 Si phases contain most of the silicon present in these alloys, and that these phases are, in particular in alloys exceeding 3 to 4% of Mg, practically insoluble (see LF Mondolfo, "Aluminum Alloys, Structure and Properties ”, London 1976, p. 807). Consequently, their number and their size are determined during casting and practically do not change during the thermomechanical treatment of the product, provided that the melting temperature (burn) of these phases which constitute the most fusible eutectic.
- the silicon content corresponds to the level of impurity of the base metal.
- the Applicant has found that the increase in the number of small Mg 2 Si particles (size from 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m) leads to an unexpected improvement in the corrosion resistance, both of welded structures and of raw sheets. This effect is particularly marked when the number of Mg 2 Si particles is between 150 and 2000 particles / mm 2 and, preferably, between 300 and 1500 per mm 2 . Above 2000 particles per mm 2 , no additional effect on the corrosion resistance is observed; in some cases, there is even a drop in the elastic limit after welding. Furthermore, it has found that by reducing the size of the Mg 2 Si particles, the fatigue resistance of the welded joints is improved.
- the number of “large” particles must represent only a reduced part of the totality of the particles (of size> 0.5 ⁇ m), typically less than 25%, and, preferably, less than 20%.
- the surface fraction of the Mg 2 Si particles also measured by image analysis from optical microscopy, must be less than 1%, and preferably less than 0.8%.
- the eutectic phases AlFeMnSi, Al 6 (Mn, Fe) and AlFeCr contain part of the Mn, Si and Cr present in the alloy and do not participate in the hardening of l alloy or its resistance to corrosion. They trap part of the Mn, Cr and Si. It is known that these phases are insoluble and their size, number and morphology are determined during casting.
- the Applicant has found that by reducing the size and the number of these phases, the fatigue life and the mechanical properties of the metal are improved.
- the number of particles of this type of size> 0.5 ⁇ m must be less than 5000 per mm 2 , and preferably less than 2500 per mm 2 .
- the surface fraction of particles with a size> 0.5 ⁇ m must be ⁇ 3%, and preferably 2%, knowing that the number of large particles with a size greater than 5 ⁇ m must not represent more than 25% (preferably 20 %) of all particles of size> 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a decrease in the volume fraction of these eutectic phases leads to an improvement in the corrosion resistance.
- dispersoids Al, Mn, Fe, Cu
- dispersoids Al, Mn, Fe, Cu
- the Applicant has observed a strong effect of the fraction of dispersoids on corrosion resistance: the sensitizing effect of exposure to temperature is greatly reduced when the surface fraction of dispersoids exceeds 0.5%, and preferably 1%.
- magnesium provides good mechanical strength. Below 3.5%, and more particularly below 3.0%, the alloy does not know in general no corrosion problem and the present invention presents only a little of interest. Above 6.5%, the problem of thermal sensitization to corrosion becomes so strong that even the implementation of the present invention no longer makes it possible to obtain products which can be used in a corrosive environment.
- Manganese improves tensile strength and decreases the tendency of the metal to recrystallize, which is known to those skilled in the art. Below 0.2%, the present invention is of no industrial interest because the tensile strength is too low. Above 1%, elongation at break, toughness and resistance to fatigue become too weak for the intended applications.
- Zinc in the presence of manganese, improves breaking strength, but beyond from 0.5 to 0.7%, the applicant observed, by studying behavior at the corrosion, especially in the marine environment, of the welded joint after aging, some failure. For zinc contents greater than 0.5%, it therefore appears necessary to protect the welded joint from contact with corrosive medium, for example by painting or metallization. It has been found that the presence of 0.2 to 0.3% zinc increases magnesium content without increasing thermal sensitivity of exfoliating corrosion material.
- Copper and chromium also have a favorable effect on the elastic limit, but the chromium content must imperatively be limited to 0.15% to maintain good resistance to fatigue.
- the copper content is strictly limited to 0.30% and does not should preferably not exceed 0.18% to avoid the appearance of bites corrosion in a corrosive environment.
- the iron content does not have much influence in the context of the present invention; it should be less than 0.8% to avoid the formation of primary phases during casting, whereas for high manganese contents, it is preferable that it does not not exceed 0.4%.
- the silicon content must be sufficient to ensure the formation of silicon phases such as Mg 2 Si, and at least 0.05%, but must not exceed 0.6%.
- the alloy may also contain, for certain applications, titanium, silver, zirconium or vanadium in an amount less than 0.3%.
- Another subject of the invention relates to the manufacture of products having the microstructure described above in the form of wide hot-rolled strips, of width greater than 2500 mm, preferably of width greater than 3300 mm.
- Such a width means that cold rolling is to be abandoned, since the rolling mills cold are not designed to allow rolling to such a width. This wants to say that one obtains the strip or the sheet having all the characteristics described directly by hot rolling, which is possible with the invention.
- the products according to the invention have a high yield strength after welding, which of course depends on the Mg content, and which is greater (in MPa) than 40 + 20 x% Mg.
- the deformation when cutting the sheets, measured in the H22 state after leveling and traction, is less than 3 mm; without traction, that is to say only after leveling, it is less than 5 mm.
- Examples 1 and 2 in accordance with the invention, and Example 3 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) correspond to composition 1.
- Examples 4 and 5 in accordance with the invention, and Example 6 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) correspond to composition 2.
- Example 7 and 8 in accordance with the invention, and Example 9 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) correspond to composition 3.
- Example 10 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) corresponds to the composition 4 which is outside the scope of the invention.
- the plates After reheating for 20 h at a temperature above 500 ° C, the plates were hot rolled to a final thickness of 14 mm.
- the laminated sheet samples were characterized by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the tensile strength R m and the elastic limit R 0.2 were measured on these sheets. These measurements make it possible to globally assess a first aspect of the product's suitability for the intended use, the present invention however not relating to an improvement in static mechanical characteristics.
- the number, the surface fraction and the size distribution of eutectic precipitates Mg 2 Si and AlFeMnSi were measured by image analysis.
- samples were prepared by a shipyard company by automatic continuous butt MIG welding, with a symmetrical chamfer of slope 45 ° with respect to the vertical over a thickness of 6 mm, with wire. addition of alloy 5183. Welding was carried out parallel to the direction of rolling.
- Corrosion resistance was measured by weight loss after immersion and by measuring the depth of intergranular corrosion.
- the immersion was carried out in the “inter-acid” bath described in the Official Journal of the European Community of September 13, 1974 (n ° C 10484). It is an immersion for 24 hours in a bath composed of NaCl (30 g / l), HCl (5 g / l) and distilled water, at a temperature of 23 ° C ⁇ 0.5 ° C, the liquid volume being greater than 10 ml per cm 2 of sample surface.
- the samples were subjected to thermal sensitization by heating at 100 ° C for a period varying between 1 and 30 days.
- the deformation on cutting was measured as follows: From a sheet with a width of 2000 mm and a length of 2500 mm in the H22 state, a strip of width 130 mm is cut by sawing in the middle parallel to its length. This strip is placed on a marble, and the deformation of the raised ends is measured, expressed by the difference between the edge of the strip and the surface of the marble.
- Table 3 indicates the microstructure observed, and Table 4 collates the results of the other characterizations carried out. ex. number of phases Mg 2 Si of 0.5-5 ⁇ m % phases Mg 2 If size> 5 ⁇ m surface fraction. Mg 2 If% nb.part. AlFeMn CrSi 0.5-5 ⁇ m % go. AlFeMn CrSi 0.5-5 ⁇ m Fr. surf. AlFeMn CrSi% Fr. surf.
- examples 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 are distinguished by a depth of particularly weak puncture compared to examples 3, 6 and 9 corresponding to the prior art, and with respect to example 10, which itself gives the bad result that we expect a high magnesium content AlMgMn alloy developed according to the art prior.
- Example 10 cannot be used because of its low resistance to corrosion.
- the very good resistance of the sheet of Example 7 can allow it to applications in welded construction intended for a highly corrosive environment and constitutes an improvement compared to the prior art represented by example 9.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine des produits laminés ou filés, tels que tôles, bandes, tubes, barres, fils ou profilés, en alliage d'aluminium du type AlMgMn à Mg > 3 % en poids, destinés à des constructions soudées nécessitant, en plus d'une limite élastique élévée, d'une bonne résistance à la fatigue et d'une bonne tenacité, une bonne résistance à la corrosion pour des applications structurales, comme par exemple, les bateaux, les constructions offshore ou les véhicules industriels.The invention relates to the field of rolled or extruded products, such as sheets, strips, tubes, bars, wires or profiles, of aluminum alloy of the AlMgMn to Mg type> 3% in weights, intended for welded constructions requiring, in addition to an elastic limit high, good resistance to fatigue and good toughness, good corrosion resistance for structural applications, such as for example boats, offshore constructions or industrial vehicles.
Il est bien connu que l'utilisation des alliages AlMg de la série 5000 selon la nomenclature de l'Aluminum Association à l'état écroui (état H selon NF EN 515), soit totalement écroui (état H1), soit partiellement adouci (état H2) ou stabilisé (état H3), permet d'obtenir de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques et une bonne tenue à la corrosion. A titre d'exemple, les alliages 5083 et 5086 sont largement utilisés dans le domaine de la construction mécanique, soudée ou non, pour des applications qui exigent une tenue à la corrosion correcte.It is well known that the use of AlMg alloys of the 5000 series according to the nomenclature of the Aluminum Association in the work-hardened state (state H according to NF EN 515), either fully hardened (state H1), or partially softened (state H2) or stabilized (state H3), provides good mechanical characteristics and good resistance to corrosion. By way of example, the alloys 5083 and 5086 are widely used in the mechanical engineering, welded or not, for applications that require correct corrosion resistance.
Toutefois, après soudage, la zone affectée thermiquement autour du joint de soudure se trouve à l'état recuit (état O), avec des caractéristiques mécaniques moindres, ce qui ne permet pas d'exploiter pleinement, dans des constructions soudées, les caractéristiques mécaniques du matériau. En effet, les organismes de certification et de contrôle recommandent généralement de ne tenir compte que des caractéristiques mécaniques à l'état O pour le dimensionnement d'une structure.However, after welding, the heat affected area around the weld joint is in the annealed state (state O), with less mechanical characteristics, this which does not allow to fully exploit, in welded constructions, the mechanical characteristics of the material. Indeed, the certification bodies and generally recommend only considering the characteristics mechanical in state O for dimensioning a structure.
Il est bien connu que l'utilisation d'alliages plus chargés en magnésium et en
manganèse permet d'augmenter les caractéristiques mécaniques à l'état O. Toutefois,
ceci se fait en général au détriment de la tenue à la corrosion et à la fatigue, et
augmente la vitesse de propagation des fissures.
C'est pour cette raison qu'il existe dans la norme NF EN 515 un état métallurgique
spécifique (H116) pour les alliages de la série 5000 contenant au moins 4 % de
magnésium, auquel s'attachent des limites de caractéristiques mécaniques et une
résistance à la corrosion exfoliante spécifiés.It is well known that the use of alloys more loaded with magnesium and manganese makes it possible to increase the mechanical characteristics in the O state. However, this is generally done to the detriment of the resistance to corrosion and to fatigue. , and increases the speed of propagation of cracks.
It is for this reason that there exists in standard NF EN 515 a specific metallurgical state (H116) for alloys of the 5000 series containing at least 4% of magnesium, to which are attached limits of mechanical characteristics and resistance to the specified exfoliating corrosion.
C'est encore pour cette raison que certains codes de conception de constructions mécaniques limitent l'usage des alliages de la série 5000 contenant plus de 4 % de magnésium dans un environnement corrosif, si la température de la pièce en service risque de dépasser une température spécifiée entre 65 et 80 °C. En effet, il est bien connu que ces alliages sont susceptibles d'une sensibilisation thermique à la corrosion, un effet cumulatif qui se manifeste par la précipitation intergranulaire de Al3Mg2, diminuant ainsi la cohésion des grains. Il est lié au fait qu'à partir d'une teneur en magnésium supérieure à 3 %, une fraction significative du magnésium se trouve en solution sursaturée et peut précipiter lors du réchauffage du métal corroyé (voir: D. Altenpohl, « Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen », Berlin / Göttingen 1965, pp. 654 et 675). Cet effet connu depuis longtemps apparaít comme inévitable et limite finalement, par l'intermédiaire de la teneur en magnésium, les caractéristiques mécaniques des produits corroyés en alliages AlMgMn pour construction mécanique et plus particulièrement pour construction mécanique soudée. On considère pour cette raison que les alliages de corroyage AlMg et AlMgMn avec une teneur en magnésium supérieure à 5,6 % ne présentent aucun intérêt (cf: Aluminiumtaschenbuch, 14ème édition, Düsseldorf 1983, p. 44).It is also for this reason that certain mechanical design codes limit the use of 5000 series alloys containing more than 4% magnesium in a corrosive environment, if the temperature of the part in service risks exceeding a temperature specified between 65 and 80 ° C. Indeed, it is well known that these alloys are susceptible to thermal sensitization to corrosion, a cumulative effect which is manifested by the intergranular precipitation of Al 3 Mg 2 , thus reducing the cohesion of the grains. It is linked to the fact that from a magnesium content greater than 3%, a significant fraction of the magnesium is in supersaturated solution and can precipitate during the heating of the wrought metal (see: D. Altenpohl, "Aluminum und Aluminumlegierungen ", Berlin / Göttingen 1965, pp. 654 and 675). This effect known for a long time appears to be inevitable and ultimately limits, through the magnesium content, the mechanical characteristics of wrought products in AlMgMn alloys for mechanical construction and more particularly for welded mechanical construction. For this reason, it is considered that the wrought alloys AlMg and AlMgMn with a magnesium content greater than 5.6% are of no interest (cf.: Aluminumtaschenbuch, 14th edition, Düsseldorf 1983, p. 44).
Pour améliorer les caractéristiques mécaniques, les travaux de recherche se sont surtout concentrés sur deux aspects: la conduite de l'opération de soudage elle-même, afin d'améliorer les caractéristiques mécaniques du joint soudé, et en particulier sa résistance à la fatigue; et les traitements thermomécaniques, afin d'améliorer la tenue à la corrosion de la pièce. Toutefois, il existe une limite pratique à ces tentatives d'améliorer les alliages AlMgMn, car tout progrès dans ce domaine ne peut s'imposer dans la pratique industrielle qu'à la condition d'éviter des traitement thermomécaniques coûteux et complexes, et de conduire à une gamme de fabrication assurant une production fiable. Cette dernière condition signifie qu'une petite variation d'un paramètre de production, par exemple la température du métal en sortie du laminoir à chaud, ne doit pas engendrer une importante variation sur les propriétés du produit final.To improve the mechanical characteristics, research work has especially focused on two aspects: the conduct of the welding operation itself, in order to improve the mechanical characteristics of the welded joint, and in particular its resistance to fatigue; and thermomechanical treatments, in order to improve the resistance corrosion of the part. However, there is a practical limit to these attempts to improve AlMgMn alloys, because any progress in this area cannot be imposed in industrial practice only on condition of avoiding treatment expensive and complex thermomechanics, and lead to a manufacturing range ensuring reliable production. This last condition means that a small variation of a production parameter, for example the temperature of the metal at the outlet of the hot rolling mill, must not cause a significant variation on the properties of the final product.
C'est ainsi que les demandes de brevet japonais JP 06-212373 et JP 06-93365, concernant des alliages AlMgMn transformés selon des gammes complexes et difficiles à fiabiliser, ne répondent pas à l'objectif.This is how Japanese patent applications JP 06-212373 and JP 06-93365, concerning AlMgMn alloys transformed according to complex ranges and difficult to make reliable, do not meet the objective.
De même, la demande de brevet européen EP 0385257 (Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd) revendique l'application d'une méthode de traitement thermomécanique complexe et peu fiable à un alliage contenant, entre autres, de 4,0 à 6,0 % de magnésium et de 0,1 à 1,0 % de manganèse. L'application visée n'est pas celle de la construction mécanique, mais celle du couvercle pour boítes; les caractéristiques techniques (notamment la résistance à la corrosion par piqûres) de ce produit se comparent favorablement à celles des produits connus pour cette application, mais ne répondent pas aux exigences de la construction mécanique soudée.Likewise, European patent application EP 0385257 (Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd) claims the application of a processing method complex and unreliable thermomechanical to an alloy containing, inter alia, from 4.0 to 6.0% magnesium and 0.1-1.0% manganese. The target application is not that of mechanical engineering, but that of the cover for boxes; the technical characteristics (notably resistance to pitting corrosion) of this product compare favorably to those of products known for this application, but do not meet the requirements of mechanical engineering welded.
La demande de brevet allemand DE 2443443 (Siemens AG) revendique un composant de machine en alliage d'aluminium soudable, contenant, entre autres, 3,5 à 4,9 % de Mg et 0,5 à 1,5 % de Mn. Aucune information n'est donnée sur les caractéristiques mécaniques ou sur la résistance à la corrosion de ce produit.German patent application DE 2443443 (Siemens AG) claims a component weldable aluminum alloy machine, containing, inter alia, 3.5 to 4.9% of Mg and 0.5 to 1.5% Mn. No information is given on the characteristics mechanical or corrosion resistance of this product.
La demande de brevet européen EP 0507411 (Hoogovens Aluminium) décrit l'application d'une gamme de traitement thermomécanique complexe à un alliage AlMgMn contenant, entre autres, 0,8 à 5,6 % de Mg, jusqu'à 1 % de Mn et certains autres éléments tels que Fe, Ni Co, Cu, Cr et Zn. Le produit ainsi obtenu est caractérisé par une bonne aptitude à la mise en forme, notamment un bon allongement à la rupture, et l'absence de lignes de Lüders. Il ne répond pas aux besoins de construction soudée résistant à la corrosion. European patent application EP 0507411 (Hoogovens Aluminum) describes the application of a complex thermomechanical treatment range to an alloy AlMgMn containing, inter alia, 0.8 to 5.6% Mg, up to 1% Mn and some other elements such as Fe, Ni Co, Cu, Cr and Zn. The product thus obtained is characterized by good formability, in particular good elongation at break, and the absence of Lüders lines. It does not meet the needs of welded construction resistant to corrosion.
Le brevet européen EP 0015799 (Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne) divulgue un alliage soudable contenant entre autres 3,5 à 4,5 % de magnésium et 0,2 à 0,7 % de manganèse pour la fabrication de tubes pour application cryogénique. Cette application ne pose pas le problème de la sensibilisation thermique à la corrosion, et le document ne mentionne ni les caractéristiques mécaniques ni les autres propriétés d'usage du produit.European patent EP 0015799 (Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne) discloses a weldable alloy containing inter alia 3.5 to 4.5% magnesium and 0.2 to 0.7% manganese for the manufacture of tubes for cryogenic application. This application does not pose the problem of thermal sensitization to corrosion, and the document does not mention mechanical characteristics or other properties use of the product.
Le brevet américain US 4043840 (Swiss Aluminium Ltd) décrit un alliage AlMg sans manganèse, contenant entre autres 2,0 à 6,0 % de magnésium et 0,03 à 0,20 % de vanadium. Le vanadium diminue la conductivité électrique intrinsèque du métal et augmente la résistance de contact de la tôle, la rendant ainsi particulièrement apte au soudage par points. Le produit est destiné aux renforts de carosserie d'automobiles; les caractéristiques pertinentes pour application structurale ne sont pas décrites.American patent US 4043840 (Swiss Aluminum Ltd) describes an AlMg alloy without manganese, containing inter alia 2.0 to 6.0% magnesium and 0.03 to 0.20% vanadium. Vanadium decreases the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the metal and increases the contact resistance of the sheet, making it particularly suitable for spot welding. The product is intended for automobile body reinforcements; the characteristics relevant for structural application are not described.
Finalement, le brevet américain US 3502448 (Aluminum Company of America) décrit un alliage contenant, entre autres, 4 à 5,5 % de magnésium, 0,2 à 0,7 % de manganèse, qui conduit, moyennant un laminage à froid, à des tôles et bandes minces aptes à la fabrication de couvercles de boíte boisson, condition que la relation entre les teneurs en Mg et Mn soit conforme à une certaine relation algébrique. Ce brevet ne concerne pas non plus le domaine de la construction mécanique soudée.Finally, American patent US 3502448 (Aluminum Company of America) describes an alloy containing, inter alia, 4 to 5.5% of magnesium, 0.2 to 0.7% of manganese, which leads, by cold rolling, to thin sheets and strips suitable for the manufacture of beverage can lids, provided that the relationship between the contents of Mg and Mn is consistent with a certain algebraic relationship. This patent also does not concern the field of welded mechanical engineering.
Récemment, la demanderesse, dans deux demandes de brevet français, a présenté une nouvelle approche à l'amélioration des produits AlMgMn pour applications structurales, basée sur le développement de nouvelles compositions de l'alliage.Recently, the plaintiff, in two French patent applications, presented a new approach to improving AlMgMn products for applications structural, based on the development of new alloy compositions.
La demande de brevet français 95-12065 concerne une composition particulière d'alliage, enregistrée ultérieurement à l'Aluminum Association sous la désignation 5383, contenant entre autres de 3 à 5 % de magnésium et de 0,5 à 1 % de manganèse, dans laquelle la somme des teneurs (en % en poids) Mn + 2Zn est > 0,75. Cette composition permet d'obtenir des produits laminés ou filés présentant une résistance à la fatigue significativement meilleure et une vitesse de propagation de fissure significativement plus petite que les produits connus destinés à la même application. Toutefois, la demande de brevet citée ne donne aucune indication sur la résistance à la corrosion du produit. L'alliage a été présenté dans une communication intitulée « New Aluminium Products for High-Speed Light Crafts » de G.M. RAYNAUD au Second International Forum on Aluminium Ships à Melbourne les 22-23 novembre 1995.French patent application 95-12065 relates to a particular composition alloy, subsequently registered with the Aluminum Association under the designation 5383, containing inter alia 3 to 5% of magnesium and 0.5 to 1% of manganese, in which the sum of the contents (in% by weight) Mn + 2Zn is> 0.75. This composition makes it possible to obtain rolled or spun products having resistance to significantly better fatigue and crack propagation speed significantly smaller than known products intended for the same application. However, the cited patent application gives no indication of the resistance to corrosion of the product. The alloy was presented in a communication entitled "New Aluminum Products for High-Speed Light Crafts" by G.M. RAYNAUD at Second International Forum on Aluminum Ships in Melbourne November 22-23 1995.
La demande de brevet français 95-12466 revendique une composition très étroite, à l'intérieur des fourchettes de composition des alliages 5083 et 5086, contenant entre autres 4,3 à 4,8 % de magnésium et moins de 0,5 % de manganèse, permettant d'obtenir de bonnes caractéristiques lors de grandes déformations. Cette demande ne mentionne pas non plus la tenue à la corrosion.French patent application 95-12466 claims a very narrow composition, to the inside of the composition ranges of alloys 5083 and 5086, containing between other 4.3 to 4.8% magnesium and less than 0.5% manganese, allowing to obtain good characteristics during large deformations. This request does not Nor does it mention corrosion resistance.
Le problème auquel essaye de répondre la présente invention est donc de proposer des produits laminés, filés ou étirés en alliage AlMgMn ayant, après soudage, une tenue à la corrosion améliorée et une meilleure résistance à l'effet sensibilisant d'une exposition à la température, tout en gardant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques après soudage, une bonne tenue à la fatigue et pouvant être élaborés au moindre coût.The problem to which the present invention attempts to respond is therefore to propose rolled, extruded or drawn products of AlMgMn alloy having, after welding, a improved corrosion resistance and better resistance to the sensitizing effect of temperature exposure, while retaining good mechanical properties after welding, good resistance to fatigue and can be developed at the lowest cost.
La demanderesse a trouvé que les alliages AlMgMn peuvent être rendus plus résistants à l'effet sensibilisant d'une exposition la température lorsqu'ils présentent une microstructure particulière et bien définie, qui résulte d'un ensemble de paramètres du procédé de fabrication.The Applicant has found that AlMgMn alloys can be made more resistant to the sensitizing effect of exposure to temperature when they a particular and well-defined microstructure, which results from a set of manufacturing process parameters.
L'invention a ainsi pour objet un produit en alliage AlMgMn pour construction
mécanique soudée de composition (% en poids):
3,0 <Mg < 6,5 0,2 < Mn < 1,0 Fe < 0,8 0,05 < Si < 0,6 Zn < 1,3
éventuellement Cr à une teneur < 0,15 et/ou un ou plusieurs des éléments Cu, Ti, Ag,
Zr, V, à une teneur < 0,3 chacun, les autres éléments étant < 0,05 chacun et < 0,15 au
total, dans lequel le nombre de particules de Mg2Si de taille comprise entre 0,5 et 5µm
est compris entre 150 et 2000 par mm2, et, de préférence, entre 300 et 1500 par mm2. The subject of the invention is therefore a product of AlMgMn alloy for welded mechanical construction of composition (% by weight):
3.0 <Mg <6.5 0.2 <Mn <1.0 Fe <0.8 0.05 <Si <0.6 Zn <1.3
optionally Cr at a content <0.15 and / or one or more of the elements Cu, Ti, Ag, Zr, V, at a content <0.3 each, the other elements being <0.05 each and <0.15 in total, in which the number of Mg 2 Si particles with a size between 0.5 and 5 μm is between 150 and 2000 per mm 2 , and preferably between 300 and 1500 per mm 2 .
La demanderesse a trouvé de manière surprenante que pour l'obtention des propriétés visées, la microstructure a une influence prépondérante. Plus particulièrement, dans le domaine de forte teneur en magnésium, c'est-à-dire au-dessus de 5% environ, la sensibilité thermique du matériau à la corrosion se trouve considérablement réduite. Cette meilleure résistance à la corrosion permet d'incorporer davantage de magnésium pour atteindre des caractéristiques mécaniques équivalentes à celles des alliages AlMgMn connus mais inaptes à l'usage en milieu corrosif.The Applicant has surprisingly found that for obtaining properties aimed, the microstructure has a preponderant influence. More specifically, in the high magnesium content domain, i.e. above about 5%, the the material's thermal sensitivity to corrosion is considerably reduced. This better corrosion resistance allows more incorporation of magnesium to achieve mechanical properties equivalent to those of known AlMgMn alloys but unsuitable for use in corrosive environments.
De façon plus précise, il existe quatre types de phases qui influent sur les propriétés visées: les phases eutectiques Mg2Si, les phases eutectiques AlFeMnSi, les phases eutectiques Al6(Mn,Fe) et AlFeCr, et les dispersoïdes au manganèse, de taille nettement sous-micronique, qui se trouvent dans le grain.More precisely, there are four types of phases which influence the targeted properties: the eutectic phases Mg 2 Si, the eutectic phases AlFeMnSi, the eutectic phases Al 6 (Mn, Fe) and AlFeCr, and the manganese dispersoids, noticeably submicron size, found in the grain.
La microstructure particulière selon l'invention est caractérisée par une distribution
nouvelle en taille et quantité de ces phases connues. Cette microstructure a été
caractérisée de la manière suivante, bien connue en micrographie. On prépare une
coupe polie du métal et on l'observe par microscopie optique ou microscopie
électronique à balayage. La microscopie optique permet aisément d'identifier les
phases Mg2Si par rapport aux autres phases présentes. La microscopie électronique à
balayage se prête mieux à la caractérisation des phases de taille inférieure à 0,5 µm; en
utilisant le mode électrons rétrodiffusés, elle permet également de distinguer les
phases Mg2Si.
Pour déterminer la taille des particules, on évalue, par analyse numérique des
micrographies, leur aire A à partir de laquelle on calcule le paramètre de taille d selon
la formule d =
Il est bien connu que les phases Mg2Si contiennent la plus grande partie du silicium
présent dans ces alliages, et que ces phases sont, en particulier dans les alliages
dépassant 3 à 4 % de Mg, pratiquement insolubles (voir L.F. Mondolfo, « Aluminium
Alloys, Structure and Properties», London 1976, p. 807). Par conséquent, leur
nombre et leur taille sont déterminés lors de la coulée et n'évoluent pratiquement pas
au cours du traitement thermomécanique du produit, à condition que l'on n'atteigne
pas la température de fusion (brûlure) de ces phases qui constituent l'eutectique le
plus fusible. La teneur en silicium correspond au niveau d'impureté du métal de base.The particular microstructure according to the invention is characterized by a new distribution in size and quantity of these known phases. This microstructure was characterized in the following manner, well known in micrography. A polished section of the metal is prepared and observed by optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy easily identifies the Mg 2 Si phases compared to the other phases present. Scanning electron microscopy lends itself better to characterizing phases smaller than 0.5 µm; using the backscattered electron mode, it also makes it possible to distinguish the Mg 2 Si phases.
To determine the size of the particles, their area A is evaluated, by numerical analysis of the micrographs, from which the size parameter d is calculated according to the formula d =
It is well known that the Mg 2 Si phases contain most of the silicon present in these alloys, and that these phases are, in particular in alloys exceeding 3 to 4% of Mg, practically insoluble (see LF Mondolfo, "Aluminum Alloys, Structure and Properties ”, London 1976, p. 807). Consequently, their number and their size are determined during casting and practically do not change during the thermomechanical treatment of the product, provided that the melting temperature (burn) of these phases which constitute the most fusible eutectic. The silicon content corresponds to the level of impurity of the base metal.
La demanderesse a trouvé que l'augmentation du nombre de petites particules Mg2Si (taille de 0,5 à 5 µm) entraíne une amélioration inattendue de la tenue à la corrosion, aussi bien des structures soudées que des tôles brutes. Cet effet est particulièrement marqué lorsque le nombre de particules Mg2Si est compris entre 150 et 2000 particules / mm2 et, de préférence, entre 300 et 1500 par mm2. Au-dessus de 2000 particules par mm2, on n'observe pas d'effet supplémentaire sur la tenue à la corrosion; dans certains cas, on observe même une baisse de la limite élastique après soudage. Par ailleurs, elle a trouvé qu'en diminuant la taille des particules Mg2Si, on améliore la tenue à la fatigue des joints soudés. Ainsi le nombre des « grosses » particules (de taille > 5 µm) ne doit représenter qu'une part réduite de l'ensemble des particules (de taille > 0,5 µm), typiquement moins de 25%, et, de préférence, moins de 20%. Enfin, la fraction surfacique des particules Mg2Si mesurée également par analyse d'image à partir de microscopie optique, doit être inférieure à 1%, et, de préférence, à 0,8%.The Applicant has found that the increase in the number of small Mg 2 Si particles (size from 0.5 to 5 μm) leads to an unexpected improvement in the corrosion resistance, both of welded structures and of raw sheets. This effect is particularly marked when the number of Mg 2 Si particles is between 150 and 2000 particles / mm 2 and, preferably, between 300 and 1500 per mm 2 . Above 2000 particles per mm 2 , no additional effect on the corrosion resistance is observed; in some cases, there is even a drop in the elastic limit after welding. Furthermore, it has found that by reducing the size of the Mg 2 Si particles, the fatigue resistance of the welded joints is improved. Thus the number of “large” particles (of size> 5 μm) must represent only a reduced part of the totality of the particles (of size> 0.5 μm), typically less than 25%, and, preferably, less than 20%. Finally, the surface fraction of the Mg 2 Si particles, also measured by image analysis from optical microscopy, must be less than 1%, and preferably less than 0.8%.
Il est bien connu que les phases eutectiques AlFeMnSi, Al6(Mn,Fe) et AlFeCr (de taille > 0,5 µm) contiennent une partie du Mn, Si et Cr présent dans l'alliage et ne participent pas au durcissement de l'alliage ni à sa tenue à la corrosion. Elles piègent une partie du Mn, du Cr et du Si. Il est connu que ces phases sont insolubles et leurs taille, nombre et morphologie sont déterminés lors de la coulée.It is well known that the eutectic phases AlFeMnSi, Al 6 (Mn, Fe) and AlFeCr (size> 0.5 µm) contain part of the Mn, Si and Cr present in the alloy and do not participate in the hardening of l alloy or its resistance to corrosion. They trap part of the Mn, Cr and Si. It is known that these phases are insoluble and their size, number and morphology are determined during casting.
La demanderesse a trouvé qu'en diminuant la taille et le nombre de ces phases, on améliore la tenue à la fatigue et les caractéristiques mécaniques du métal. Le nombre des particules de ce type de taille > 0,5 µm, doit être inférieur à 5000 par mm2, et, de préférence, à 2500 par mm2. La fraction surfacique des particules de taille > 0,5 µm doit être < 3%, et, de préférence à 2%, sachant que le nombre des grosses particules de taille supérieure à 5 µm ne doit pas représenter plus de 25% (préférentiellement 20%) de l'ensemble des particules de taille > 0,5 µm. De plus, une diminution de la fraction volumique de ces phases eutectiques entraíne une amélioration de la tenue à la corrosion.The Applicant has found that by reducing the size and the number of these phases, the fatigue life and the mechanical properties of the metal are improved. The number of particles of this type of size> 0.5 µm, must be less than 5000 per mm 2 , and preferably less than 2500 per mm 2 . The surface fraction of particles with a size> 0.5 µm must be <3%, and preferably 2%, knowing that the number of large particles with a size greater than 5 µm must not represent more than 25% (preferably 20 %) of all particles of size> 0.5 µm. In addition, a decrease in the volume fraction of these eutectic phases leads to an improvement in the corrosion resistance.
Il est bien connu que les dispersoïdes (Al, Mn, Fe, Cu) de taille inférieure à 0,2 µm améliorent les caractéristiques mécaniques du produit, et en particulier la limite élastique du joint soudé. La demanderesse a observé un fort effet de la fraction de dispersoïdes sur la tenue à la corrosion : l'effet sensibilisant d'une exposition à la température est fortement reduit quand la fraction surfacique de dispersoïdes dépasse 0,5 %, et préférentiellement 1%.It is well known that dispersoids (Al, Mn, Fe, Cu) of size less than 0.2 µm improve the mechanical characteristics of the product, and in particular the limit elastic of the welded joint. The Applicant has observed a strong effect of the fraction of dispersoids on corrosion resistance: the sensitizing effect of exposure to temperature is greatly reduced when the surface fraction of dispersoids exceeds 0.5%, and preferably 1%.
L'invention peut s'appliquer à un domaine de composition assez vaste, et les limites de composition retenues s'expliquent de la façon suivante:The invention can be applied to a fairly wide field of composition, and the limits of composition retained can be explained as follows:
Il est bien connu que le magnésium assure une bonne résistance mécanique. Au-dessous de 3.5 %, et plus particulièrement au-dessous de 3.0 %, l'alliage ne connaít en général pas de problème de corrosion et la présente invention ne présente que peu d'intérêt. Au-dessus de 6.5 %, le problème de la sensibilisation thermique à la corrosion devient tellement fort que même la mise en oeuvre de la présente invention ne permet plus d'obtenir des produits utilisables en milieu corrosif.It is well known that magnesium provides good mechanical strength. Below 3.5%, and more particularly below 3.0%, the alloy does not know in general no corrosion problem and the present invention presents only a little of interest. Above 6.5%, the problem of thermal sensitization to corrosion becomes so strong that even the implementation of the present invention no longer makes it possible to obtain products which can be used in a corrosive environment.
Le manganèse améliore la résistance à la traction et diminue la tendance du métal à recristalliser, ce qui est connu de l'homme du métier. Au-dessous de 0,2 %, la présente invention est sans intérêt industriel car la résistance à la traction est trop faible. Au-delà de 1 %, l'allongement à rupture, la tenacité et la résistance à la fatigue deviennent trop faibles pour les applications visées.Manganese improves tensile strength and decreases the tendency of the metal to recrystallize, which is known to those skilled in the art. Below 0.2%, the present invention is of no industrial interest because the tensile strength is too low. Above 1%, elongation at break, toughness and resistance to fatigue become too weak for the intended applications.
Le zinc, en présence du manganèse, améliore la résistance à la rupture, mais au-delà de 0,5 à 0,7%, la demanderesse a observé, en étudiant le comportement à la corrosion, notamment en milieu marin, du joint soudé après vieillissement, quelques cas de défaillance. Pour les teneurs en zinc supérieures à 0,5%, il apparait donc nécessaire de protéger le joint soudé du contact avec le milieu corrosif, par exemple par peinture ou métallisation. Il a été trouvé que la présence de 0,2 à 0,3 % de zinc permet d'augmenter la teneur en magnésium sans augmenter la sensibilité thermique du matériau à la corrosion exfoliante.Zinc, in the presence of manganese, improves breaking strength, but beyond from 0.5 to 0.7%, the applicant observed, by studying behavior at the corrosion, especially in the marine environment, of the welded joint after aging, some failure. For zinc contents greater than 0.5%, it therefore appears necessary to protect the welded joint from contact with corrosive medium, for example by painting or metallization. It has been found that the presence of 0.2 to 0.3% zinc increases magnesium content without increasing thermal sensitivity of exfoliating corrosion material.
Le cuivre et le chrome ont également un effet favorable à la limite élastique, mais la teneur en chrome doit impérativement être limitée à 0,15 % pour conserver une bonne résistance à la fatigue. La teneur en cuivre est strictement limitée à 0,30 % et ne devrait de façon préférentielle pas dépasser 0,18 % pour éviter l'apparition de piqûres de corrosion en milieu corrosif.Copper and chromium also have a favorable effect on the elastic limit, but the chromium content must imperatively be limited to 0.15% to maintain good resistance to fatigue. The copper content is strictly limited to 0.30% and does not should preferably not exceed 0.18% to avoid the appearance of bites corrosion in a corrosive environment.
La teneur en fer n'a pas beaucoup d'influence dans le cadre de la présente invention; elle devrait être inférieure à 0,8 % pour éviter la formation de phases primaires lors de la coulée, alors que pour les hautes teneurs en manganèse, il est préférable qu'elle ne dépasse pas 0,4%.The iron content does not have much influence in the context of the present invention; it should be less than 0.8% to avoid the formation of primary phases during casting, whereas for high manganese contents, it is preferable that it does not not exceed 0.4%.
La teneur en silicium doit être suffisante pour assurer la formation de phases au silicium telles que Mg2Si, et au minimum 0,05 %, mais ne doit pas dépasser 0,6%. L'alliage peut contenir également, pour certaines applications, du titane, de l'argent, du zirconium ou du vanadium en quantité inférieure à 0,3%.The silicon content must be sufficient to ensure the formation of silicon phases such as Mg 2 Si, and at least 0.05%, but must not exceed 0.6%. The alloy may also contain, for certain applications, titanium, silver, zirconium or vanadium in an amount less than 0.3%.
La demanderesse n'a pas pu constater une influence notable des autres impuretés limitées à 0,05% par élément, leur somme ne dépassant pas 0,15 %.The plaintiff could not find a significant influence of the other impurities limited to 0.05% per element, their sum not exceeding 0.15%.
Un autre objet de l'invention concerne la fabrication de produits ayant la microstructure décrite précédemment sous forme de bandes larges laminées à chaud, de largeur supérieure à 2500 mm, préférentiellement de largeur supérieure à 3300 mm. Une telle largeur implique que l'on renonce au laminage à froid, car les laminoirs à froid ne sont pas conçus pour permettre le laminage à une telle largeur. Ceci veut dire qu'on obtient la bande ou la tôle présentant l'ensemble des caractéristiques décrites directement par laminage à chaud, ce qui est possible avec l'invention.Another subject of the invention relates to the manufacture of products having the microstructure described above in the form of wide hot-rolled strips, of width greater than 2500 mm, preferably of width greater than 3300 mm. Such a width means that cold rolling is to be abandoned, since the rolling mills cold are not designed to allow rolling to such a width. This wants to say that one obtains the strip or the sheet having all the characteristics described directly by hot rolling, which is possible with the invention.
L'utilisation des produits ainsi obtenus pour la construction mécanique, soudée de préférence, comme par exemple la construction navale, la construction offshore ou la construction de véhicules industriels, constitue un autre objet de la présente invention. The use of the products thus obtained for mechanical construction, welded from preferably, such as shipbuilding, offshore construction or construction of industrial vehicles, constitutes another object of the present invention.
Les produits selon l'invention présentent une limite élastique après soudage élevée, qui dépend bien sûr de la teneur en Mg, et qui est supérieure (en MPa) à 40 + 20 x %Mg. La résistance à la fatigue après soudage, mesurée en flexion plane avec R = 0,1, est supérieure à 140 MPa à 107 cycles. La déformation à la découpe des tôles, mesurée à l'état H22 après planage et traction, est inférieure à 3 mm; sans traction, c'est-à-dire uniquement après planage, elle est inférieure à 5 mm.The products according to the invention have a high yield strength after welding, which of course depends on the Mg content, and which is greater (in MPa) than 40 + 20 x% Mg. The fatigue resistance after welding, measured in plane bending with R = 0.1, is greater than 140 MPa at 10 7 cycles. The deformation when cutting the sheets, measured in the H22 state after leveling and traction, is less than 3 mm; without traction, that is to say only after leveling, it is less than 5 mm.
On a élaboré par coulée semi-continue verticale des plaques de taille industrielle en 4
alliages de composition indiquée au tableau 1.
Les paramètres de coulée pour 10 exemples sont indiqués au tableau 2
L'homogénéisation des plaques a été effectuée comme suit:The homogenization of the plates was carried out as follows:
Pour les exemples 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 et 10:
- Montée avec une vitesse de 30 °C / h jusqu'à 440 °C,
- Maintien pendant 5 h à 440 °C,
- Montée à une vitesse de 20 °C / h jusqu'à 510 °C,
- Maintien pendant 2 h à 510 °C
- descente à une vitesse de 20 °C / h jusqu'à 490 °C,
- puis laminage à chaud.
- Rise with a speed of 30 ° C / h up to 440 ° C,
- Hold for 5 h at 440 ° C,
- Rise at a speed of 20 ° C / h up to 510 ° C,
- Hold for 2 h at 510 ° C
- descent at a speed of 20 ° C / h to 490 ° C,
- then hot rolling.
Pour les exemples 3, 6 et 9:
- Montée avec une vitesse de 30 °C / h jusqu'à 535 °C,
- Maintien pendant 12 h à 535 °C,
- descente à une vitesse de 20 °C / h jusqu'à 490 °C,
- puis laminage à chaud.
- Rise with a speed of 30 ° C / h up to 535 ° C,
- Hold for 12 h at 535 ° C,
- descent at a speed of 20 ° C / h to 490 ° C,
- then hot rolling.
Les exemples 1 et 2, conformes à l'invention, et l'exemple 3 (résultant en une microstructure hors invention) correspondent à la composition 1.Examples 1 and 2, in accordance with the invention, and Example 3 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) correspond to composition 1.
Les exemples 4 et 5, conformes à l'invention, et l'exemple 6 (résultant en une microstructure hors invention) correspondent à la composition 2.Examples 4 and 5, in accordance with the invention, and Example 6 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) correspond to composition 2.
Les exemples 7 et 8, conformes à l'invention, et l'exemple 9 (résultant en une microstructure hors invention) correspondent à la composition 3. Examples 7 and 8, in accordance with the invention, and Example 9 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) correspond to composition 3.
L' exemple 10 (résultant en une microstructure hors invention) correspond à la composition 4 qui se situe en dehors du champ de l'invention.Example 10 (resulting in a microstructure outside the invention) corresponds to the composition 4 which is outside the scope of the invention.
Après un réchauffage pendant 20 h à une température supérieure à 500 °C, les plaques ont été laminées à chaud jusqu'à une épaisseur finale de 14 mm.After reheating for 20 h at a temperature above 500 ° C, the plates were hot rolled to a final thickness of 14 mm.
Les échantillons de tôles laminées ont été caractérisés par des techniques connues de l'homme du métier. On a mesuré sur ces tôles la résistance à la rupture Rm et la limite élastique R0,2. Ces mesures permettent d'évaluer globalement un premier aspect de l'aptitude du produit à l'usage prévu, la présente invention ne portant toutefois pas sur une amélioration des caractéristiques mécaniques statiques.The laminated sheet samples were characterized by techniques known to those skilled in the art. The tensile strength R m and the elastic limit R 0.2 were measured on these sheets. These measurements make it possible to globally assess a first aspect of the product's suitability for the intended use, the present invention however not relating to an improvement in static mechanical characteristics.
Selon la méthode exposée plus haut, on a mesuré, par analyse d'images, le nombre, la fraction surfacique et la répartition de la taille de précipités eutectiques Mg2Si et AlFeMnSi. Pour la caractérisation après soudage, des échantillons ont été préparés par une société de chantier naval par soudage MIG bout à bout continu automatique, avec un chanfrein symétrique de pente 45 ° par rapport à la verticale sur une épaisseur de 6 mm, avec fil d'apport en alliage 5183. Le soudage a été réalisé parallèle au sens du laminage.According to the method described above, the number, the surface fraction and the size distribution of eutectic precipitates Mg 2 Si and AlFeMnSi were measured by image analysis. For the characterization after welding, samples were prepared by a shipyard company by automatic continuous butt MIG welding, with a symmetrical chamfer of slope 45 ° with respect to the vertical over a thickness of 6 mm, with wire. addition of alloy 5183. Welding was carried out parallel to the direction of rolling.
La résistance à la corrosion a été mesurée par perte de poids après immersion et par mesure de la profondeur de corrosion intergranulaire. L'immersion a été effectuée dans le bain « inter-acide » décrit dans le Journal Officiel de la Communauté Européenne du 13 septembre 1974 (n° C 10484). Il s'agit d'une immersion pendant 24 heures dans un bain composé de NaCl (30 g/l), HCl (5 g/l) et d'eau distillée, à une température de 23 °C ± 0.5 °C, le volume de liquide étant supérieur à 10 ml par cm2 de surface d'échantillon. Avant l'immersion, les échantillons ont été soumis à une sensibilisation thermique par chauffage à 100 °C pendant une durée variable entre 1 et 30 jours.Corrosion resistance was measured by weight loss after immersion and by measuring the depth of intergranular corrosion. The immersion was carried out in the “inter-acid” bath described in the Official Journal of the European Community of September 13, 1974 (n ° C 10484). It is an immersion for 24 hours in a bath composed of NaCl (30 g / l), HCl (5 g / l) and distilled water, at a temperature of 23 ° C ± 0.5 ° C, the liquid volume being greater than 10 ml per cm 2 of sample surface. Before immersion, the samples were subjected to thermal sensitization by heating at 100 ° C for a period varying between 1 and 30 days.
La déformation à la découpe a été mésurée de la façon suivante:
A partir d'une tôle de largeur de 2000 mm et de longueur de 2500 mm à l'état H22,
on découpe par sciage au milieu parallèle à sa longueur, une bande de largeur 130
mm. Cette bande est posée sur un marbre, et on mesure la déformation des extrêmités
relevées exprimée par l'écart entre le bord de la bande et la surface du marbre.The deformation on cutting was measured as follows:
From a sheet with a width of 2000 mm and a length of 2500 mm in the H22 state, a strip of width 130 mm is cut by sawing in the middle parallel to its length. This strip is placed on a marble, and the deformation of the raised ends is measured, expressed by the difference between the edge of the strip and the surface of the marble.
Le tableau 3 indique la microstructure observée, et le tableau 4 rassemble les résultats
des autres caractérisations effectuées.
On constate que les exemples 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 et 8 se distinguent par une profondeur de piqûration particulièrement faible par rapport aux exemples 3, 6 et 9 correspondant à l'art antérieur, et par rapport et à l'exemple 10, qui, lui, donne le mauvais résultat que l'on attend pour un alliage AlMgMn à forte teneur en magnésium élaboré selon l'art antérieur.It can be seen that examples 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 are distinguished by a depth of particularly weak puncture compared to examples 3, 6 and 9 corresponding to the prior art, and with respect to example 10, which itself gives the bad result that we expect a high magnesium content AlMgMn alloy developed according to the art prior.
La limite élastique du joint soudé est très bonne pour les exemples 1, 2, 3 et 10, et asez bonne pour les exemples 7, 8 et 9, moins riches en magnésium. Toutefois, l'exemple 10 est inutilisable à cause de sa faible résistance à la corrosion. En revanche, la très bonne résistance de la tôle de l'exemple 7 peut lui permettre des applications en construction soudée destinée à un environnement très corrosif et constitue une amélioration par rapport à l'art antérieur représenté par l'exemple 9. The elastic limit of the welded joint is very good for examples 1, 2, 3 and 10, and fairly good for examples 7, 8 and 9, which are less rich in magnesium. However, Example 10 cannot be used because of its low resistance to corrosion. In However, the very good resistance of the sheet of Example 7 can allow it to applications in welded construction intended for a highly corrosive environment and constitutes an improvement compared to the prior art represented by example 9.
D'une façon surprenante, le meilleur compromis entre la limite élastique du joint soudé et la résistance à la corrosion est obtenu pour la composition 1, la plus riche en magnésium, à condition que la microstructure spécifique soit obtenue (exemples 1 et 2). Même pour la composition 2, correspondant à l'alliage 5083 traditionnellement employé dans ce domaine, on note une amélioration notable de la tenue à la corrosion associée à la microstructure spécifique (exemples 4 et 5).Surprisingly, the best compromise between the elastic limit of the joint welded and corrosion resistance is obtained for composition 1, the richest in magnesium, provided that the specific microstructure is obtained (examples 1 and 2). Even for composition 2, corresponding to alloy 5083 traditionally used in this area, there is a noticeable improvement in corrosion resistance associated with the specific microstructure (examples 4 and 5).
Pour quelques échantillons, la déformation à la découpe de tôles à l'état H22
(désignation selon EN 515) a été évaluée.
Claims (15)
3,0 < Mg < 6,5 , 0,2 < Mn < 1,0 , Fe < 0,8 , 0,05 < Si < 0,6 , Zn < 1,3
éventuellement Cr < 0,15 et/ou un ou plusieurs des éléments Cu, Ti, Ag, Zr, V, avec une teneur < 0,30 chacun, autres éléments et impuretés inévitables < 0,05 chacun et < 0,15 au total,
caractérisé en ce que le nombre de particules Mg2Si de taille comprise entre 0,5 µm et 5 µm est compris entre 150 et 2000 par mm2, et préferentiellement compris entre 300 et 1500 par mm2.AlMgMn aluminum alloy product for welded mechanical construction of composition (% by weight):
3.0 <Mg <6.5, 0.2 <Mn <1.0, Fe <0.8, 0.05 <Si <0.6, Zn <1.3
optionally Cr <0.15 and / or one or more of the elements Cu, Ti, Ag, Zr, V, with a content <0.30 each, other inevitable elements and impurities <0.05 each and <0.15 in total ,
characterized in that the number of Mg 2 Si particles with a size between 0.5 µm and 5 µm is between 150 and 2000 per mm 2 , and preferably between 300 and 1500 per mm 2 .
3,0 < Mg < 6,5 , 0,2 < Mn < 1,0 , Fe < 0,4 , 0,05 < Si < 0,6 , Zn < 1,3
éventuellement Cr < 0,15 et un ou plusieurs des éléments Cu, Ti, Ag, Zr, V, avec une teneur < 0,30 chacun, et autres éléments et impuretés inévitables < 0,05 chacun et < 0,15 au total,
de largeur d'au moins 2500 mm, préférentiellement d'au moins 3300 mm,
caractérisée en ce que le nombre de particules Mg2Si de taille comprise entre 0,5 µm et 5 µm, est compris entre 150 et 2000 par mm2, et préférentiellement compris entre 300 et 1500 par mm2.Hot rolled strip of aluminum alloy Al - Mg - Mn of composition
3.0 <Mg <6.5, 0.2 <Mn <1.0, Fe <0.4, 0.05 <Si <0.6, Zn <1.3
optionally Cr <0.15 and one or more of the elements Cu, Ti, Ag, Zr, V, with a content <0.30 each, and other inevitable elements and impurities <0.05 each and <0.15 in total,
at least 2500 mm wide, preferably at least 3300 mm wide,
characterized in that the number of Mg 2 Si particles with a size between 0.5 µm and 5 µm, is between 150 and 2000 per mm 2 , and preferably between 300 and 1500 per mm 2 .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9610085A FR2752244B1 (en) | 1996-08-06 | 1996-08-06 | PRODUCT FOR WELDED CONSTRUCTION IN ALMGMN ALLOY WITH IMPROVED CORROSION RESISTANCE |
FR9610085 | 1996-08-06 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0823489A1 true EP0823489A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
EP0823489B1 EP0823489B1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
EP0823489B2 EP0823489B2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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EP97420125A Expired - Lifetime EP0823489B2 (en) | 1996-08-06 | 1997-07-23 | AlMgMn alloy product for welded structures with improved corrosion resistance |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5908518A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0823489B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH1088270A (en) |
AU (1) | AU709909C (en) |
DE (2) | DE69703420T3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0823489T4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2152073T5 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2752244B1 (en) |
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WO2000026020A1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-11 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Composite aluminium panel |
US6848233B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2005-02-01 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Composite aluminium panel |
US6695935B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2004-02-24 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Exfoliation resistant aluminium magnesium alloy |
WO2000066800A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-09 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Exfoliation resistant aluminium-magnesium alloy |
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WO2003080884A3 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-04-01 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Al-mg alloy products for a welded construction |
WO2003080884A2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-02 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Al-mg alloy products for a welded construction |
US7211161B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2007-05-01 | Alcan Rhenalu | Al-Mg alloy products suitable for welded construction |
FR2837499A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-09-26 | Pechiney Rhenalu | High strength aluminum-magnesium alloy products for welded structures, notably for road, rail and industrial vehicles, includes manganese and zinc |
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WO2011134486A1 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-03 | Sapa Ab | Damage tolerant aluminium material having a layered microstructure |
US10661338B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2020-05-26 | Hydro Extruded Solutions Ab | Damage tolerant aluminium material having a layered microstructure |
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CN110551928A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-10 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | Production method of 5654 aluminum alloy welding wire blank |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3320197A (en) | 1998-02-12 |
FR2752244B1 (en) | 1998-09-18 |
EP0823489B2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
DE823489T1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
DK0823489T3 (en) | 2001-01-29 |
DK0823489T4 (en) | 2008-08-18 |
AU709909C (en) | 2006-07-13 |
ES2152073T3 (en) | 2001-01-16 |
JPH1088270A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
DE69703420T3 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
ES2152073T5 (en) | 2008-03-16 |
DE69703420D1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
AU709909B2 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
EP0823489B1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
DE69703420T2 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
US5908518A (en) | 1999-06-01 |
FR2752244A1 (en) | 1998-02-13 |
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