EP0821373B1 - Plastic composite insulator with spiral skirt and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Plastic composite insulator with spiral skirt and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0821373B1
EP0821373B1 EP97112500A EP97112500A EP0821373B1 EP 0821373 B1 EP0821373 B1 EP 0821373B1 EP 97112500 A EP97112500 A EP 97112500A EP 97112500 A EP97112500 A EP 97112500A EP 0821373 B1 EP0821373 B1 EP 0821373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite insulator
plastics
insulator according
core
plastics composite
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97112500A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0821373A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Denndörfer
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LIW Composite GmbH
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Lapp Insulator GmbH
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Publication of EP0821373A1 publication Critical patent/EP0821373A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
    • H01B17/325—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies comprising a fibre-reinforced insulating core member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plastic composite insulator, the trunk of which fiber-reinforced plastic core and around this core the jacket of a Contains umbrella cover, the umbrella cover from the jacket and at least a screen running spirally around the trunk is formed.
  • High voltage insulators for overhead lines have been out for a long time ceramic, electrically insulating materials such as porcelain or glass manufactured.
  • isolators gain a soul from a fiber and Plastic composite material and a plastic cover contain increasing importance because they are characterized by a number of Characterize advantages, in addition to a lower weight improved mechanical resistance to projectiles Firearms count.
  • the shield covers of such composite insulators are included usually with a larger number approximately perpendicular to the trunk running, plate-shaped umbrellas.
  • Composite insulators have compared to conventional insulators made of glass or Porcelain the advantage that they have excellent insulation properties when Use in areas with heavily polluted atmospheres as they are largely dirt-repellent and sometimes also dirt encapsulating isolating. That is why composite insulators are used Umbrellas made of silicone rubber are increasingly used to existing Overhead lines with electrical insulation problems arising from atmospheric Impurities result in toughening up by using the conventional Porcelain or glass insulators against composite insulators with a Screen cover made of silicone rubber replaced.
  • high-voltage insulators are used in composite construction used with plate-shaped screens, especially for overhead lines.
  • the joint between the cladding enveloping the fiberglass core, i.e. the The surface of the trunk and the recess in the plate-shaped shades this is a potential fault if the production process is not certain is mastered and the joints are not closed tightly.
  • DE-A1-42 02 653 teaches a method for producing a composite insulator by injection molding an umbrella sleeve around a core to create gaps between the Avoid coat and the plate-shaped shades of an umbrella cover, and a device for injection molding these insulators.
  • High-voltage insulators are known which have spiral shields: SU 659382 describes a method for producing a Porcelain high-voltage insulator, made with the help of an extruder rotating disc, which contains an opening for the ceramic mass spiral ribs are formed; Details of the rotating disc are not specified.
  • CH-A5-640 666 teaches a composite insulator spiral umbrellas, in which a prefabricated rib-shaped Elastomer profile tape is wound around a GRP core and vulcanized.
  • CA-A1-2,046,682 a similar rib-shaped elastomer profile tape is intended with a parallelogram cross section for the jacket around one insulating core such as a GRP pipe is wound and vulcanized.
  • EP-B1-0 161 265 a thin, screen-forming, helical silicone rubber band formed on a plate, lifted off and wrapped around a GRP core and glued;
  • This method has some shortcomings: it is not possible due to the manufacturing process apply the shielding tape so that no shielding deformation occurs.
  • the nylon thread in the area of the umbrella root is not capable of this problem solve, because this thread rather leads to destructive glow discharges can come in the thread / screen interface.
  • the adhesive for attaching the Shielding tape on the GFK core also serves, according to the patent specification, for the GFK core in to protect the spaces between the screens; this extremely thin layer seems but not being able to offer secure protection, especially not when Occurrence of partial electric arcs on the insulator surface. Which the short adhesive joint resulting from the small screen thickness is also one Weak point because it is very vulnerable to breakdown.
  • a plastic composite insulator is known according to the preamble of claim 1 following procedure is produced.
  • a split block made of resin drilled a hole with a twist drill and at the same time the contour of the spiral umbrella cut into the block.
  • the core of the one to be manufactured is centered in the hole in the vertically positioned block
  • Insulator made of fiber composite material and the remaining cavity around the core and the contour of the spiral screen are filled with silicone. After this When the silicone cools, the slit mold is opened and the insulator taken. The two-part form creates where the Separation points run on the opposite sides of the insulator Longitudinal seams.
  • US Pat. No. 3,685,147 describes a method for producing a coaxial cable known with the dielectric air. To the distance to the tubular To produce outer conductors, the central conductor is made with a spiral Spacers overmolded.
  • the invention was therefore based on the object of composite insulators higher functional reliability and better electrical characteristics as well at the same time a cheaper alternative to the production of such To provide composite insulators.
  • a Plastic composite insulator containing a trunk and at least one shield and caps, in which the trunk has a fiber-reinforced plastic core and around this core contains a jacket of an umbrella cover and in which the Umbrella cover made of the coat and at least one spiral around the trunk current screen is formed, characterized in that the Umbrella cover is formed in one piece and without joints and that they have a smooth surface without longitudinal seams and without Has cross seams.
  • the object is also achieved according to the invention by two methods for Production of such a plastic composite insulator in conjunction with the associated devices.
  • the plastic core of the composite insulators according to the invention can be made with fibers be reinforced from a low-alkali glass. In particular, it can be cylindrical, be bulged or conical and thus gives the basic shape of the trunk.
  • the plastic core can be a solid rod or a hollow body be, preferably in the form of a tube or a hollow cone.
  • a silicone rubber is preferably used as the material for the shield cover, whose Shore A hardness is more than 40, in particular 60 to 90.
  • the shield cover can contain rubber, which is used in the case of increased Temperature - usually 50 ° C to 200 ° C - is vulcanizable, in particular EPDM (terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene with which unsaturated part of the diene on the side chain) or / and EPM (ethylene-propylene copolymer), Polyvinyldimethylsiloxane and fillers, preferably with Cross-linked with the help of peroxides, or more generally polyorganodimethylsiloxanes.
  • EPDM terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene with which unsaturated part of the diene on the side chain
  • EPM ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • the shield cover usually has a smooth surface without longitudinal seams and without cross seams. A is particularly smooth due to the low tendency to soiling and preferable to better insulation.
  • the coat is preferably of im essentially of the same thickness or contoured with ribs, grooves or waves - preferably spiraling so that water can drain off well.
  • the top of the spiral-shaped shades is usually shaped convexly the underside of the spiral screens is often concave.
  • the Underside of the spiral shields can be a curl or at least one Have rib or at least one groove that help creep paths too lengthen, stiffen the umbrellas and running water, which is also dirt can transport away, distract.
  • These screen contours can also be radial be routed to the trunk or to the outside. As a rule, they are Transitions between the surface of the screens and the surface of the Sheath rounded or with a very small distance between two screens from one screen continuously rounded to the next screen.
  • the tendon of the Top of the shields cutting in the longitudinal direction of the insulator Cross-sectional area usually makes an angle with the longitudinal direction L. ⁇ from 30 ° to 80 °.
  • the spiral screens can be to the side Caps have outlets in which the projection of the screens usually decreases continuously until it starts to form on the trunk.
  • a exemplary embodiment shows at least one spiral screen, which in middle area of the trunk is interrupted and laterally from this Interruption spouts or in the area of the interruption a reduced Projection.
  • the composite insulator can have at least two spiral Have screens that have a different screen cross-section demonstrate. It can be dense at least in one area of the trunk Sequence of screen sections in longitudinal section - similar to a comb - be equipped. The distance between the screen sections in a longitudinal section can, for example, due to the changed angle of inclination or a larger number of spiral umbrellas, along the length of the trunk vary.
  • the angle of inclination can be so be varied so that a revolution of a spiral screen by 360 ° one Gradient height in the longitudinal direction L from 10 mm to well over 1000 mm equivalent.
  • all spiral screens are formed only at a somewhat greater distance from the cap, on Strunk one or more plate-shaped umbrellas at least at one end molded or applied.
  • the plastic core can have a length of between 10 cm and 8 m and thus prescribes approximately the length of the entire insulator. Except at the ends of the outlets, the spiral-shaped screens can have an outreach perpendicular to the stem from the surface of the jacket of 5 to 100 mm, in particular 10 to 70 mm, particularly preferably 15 to 40 mm.
  • the distance between two screen sections in the longitudinal direction L, measured near the surface of the jacket, can be 5 to 1000 mm, in particular 10 to 500 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm.
  • the straightness deviation of an essentially straight line on the surface of the shield cover is usually not more than 0.5 mm, preferably not more than 0.3 mm, in particular not more than 0.1 mm.
  • the screen construction according to the invention offers further advantages: Silicone rubber is known to be an expensive material because of the silicone synthesis starting from pure silicon. Isolator constructions with plate-shaped screens made of silicone rubber are therefore geared towards the use of materials minimize, which leads to thin screens. Thin shades made of silicone rubber, in particular those with a larger projection may be mechanically unstable, she tend to deform during storage and transportation and can too easily damaged mechanically.
  • the composite insulators according to the invention have neither joints nor usually seams. At such seams, usually one perpendicular to the A standing skin that runs in the longitudinal direction of the insulator dirt particles can accumulate locally and electrotechnically disruptive.
  • the curved and inclined spiral screens are This is particularly advantageous when it is raining because the rainwater does not follow the spiral runs down, but is deflected outwards due to the shape of the umbrella and drains.
  • the composite insulators according to the invention can be produced using the following methods getting produced:
  • a method according to claim 19 for producing a plastic composite insulator according to one of claims 1 to 18 is thereby characterized in that an adhesive on a fiber-reinforced plastic core is applied that the pretreated plastic core in an extruder or in a piston press that has a quill head with a rotatable one Have mouthpiece is introduced that the transport speed of the Plastic core with the speed of rotation of the rotatable mouthpiece is coupled that the mass for the manufacture of the shield cover around pre-treated plastic core compacted around and by the rotatable Mouthpiece is pressed so that the pretreated plastic core in Longitudinal direction with a one-piece umbrella cover made of jacket and umbrella / umbrellas is provided in the form of one or more spirals.
  • the Plastic core rotating in an extruder or in a piston press be introduced, the transport speed of the plastic core with its rotational speed can be coupled.
  • an adhesive is applied to a fiber-reinforced plastic core, the plastic core thus pretreated in an extruder or in a Piston press, which have a quill head with a mouthpiece, rotating is introduced, the transport speed of the plastic core with its rotational speed is coupled and the mass for producing the Shield cover around the pretreated plastic core compressed and through the mouthpiece opening is pressed so that the pretreated one Plastic core in the longitudinal direction with a one-piece shield cover made of jacket and screen / screens is provided in the form of one or more spirals.
  • the adhesive can be on the plastic core before wrapping Mass can be applied by spraying, spreading or dipping.
  • the Adhesive usually serves as an aid to vulcanization and can be applied Base silane can be used. It can be used as a liquid film of e.g. about 1 ⁇ m Starch can be applied to the plastic core.
  • the processes can be continuous or discontinuous, with constant or changing speed.
  • the speed of the Rotating devices or the transport device can be used within wide limits be varied, however care should be taken to ensure that it is not due to being too high Speed to shear between the coated Plastic core and the rubber mass comes, otherwise otherwise in particular Umbrellas can be torn off.
  • the size can or / and the shape of the mouthpiece opening during extrusion be changed using an extruder or piston press, especially if one suitable means for changing the opening is provided; for example, the spiral shields can be used laterally towards the caps Spouts are pressed.
  • the ends of the spiral screens can, however also bevelled, rounded or to the side towards the caps towards the spouts be processed.
  • the ends of the spiral screens can also simply cut off, with a slight rounding of the edges is advantageous.
  • the quill head is completely and without extrusion Air pockets are filled with mass and the mass for the shield cover without Air pockets are expelled.
  • the manufacturing process for the stalk is in essentially completed in that the plastic core with the Umbrella cover is connected by vulcanization. Vulcanizing can be behind the quill head in a heating section. It should be noted here that the outer area of the plastic core has a sufficient temperature reached for vulcanization.
  • Adhesive can be very conducive to the result of vulcanization because such a chemical connection between the two parts to be vulcanized together without bubbles and without gaps can be.
  • Water can accumulate in bubbles or crevices, resulting in a electrical impairment, primarily due to glow discharges, can lead. Glow discharges can lead to arcing, which can damage the insulator can destroy.
  • the composite insulators of the present invention can be made using the following Devices are manufactured:
  • a device according to claim 28, for producing an inventive Plastic composite insulator according to one of claims 1 to 18 comprises an extruder or a piston press, a quill head, a mouthpiece with opening and a transport device for the plastic core and is characterized in that the mouthpiece is equipped with a rotating device.
  • Another device according to claim 29 for producing a plastic composite insulator according to the invention according to one of claims 1 to 18 contains an extruder or a piston press, a quill head, a mouthpiece with an opening and a transport device for the plastic core, the transport device being equipped with a rotating device for the plastic core is.
  • the mouthpiece can contain a profiled disc, which is spring-mounted, and contains an opening, which is preferably arranged in a profiled disc.
  • the opening can have a circular recess which is arranged centrally to the transport axis of the plastic core and which merges into at least one approximately cone-shaped widening in the radial or angled direction.
  • the opening can have at least one constriction or at least one second extension branching off from this extension in the region of the approximately cone-shaped extension. It can be provided with a device with which the opening can be changed in size and / or shape during operation.
  • the circular recess of the opening can have a diameter which is at least 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the plastic core at the associated point when being transported through the opening.
  • the profile tool used to shape the shield cover can be so simple to be built on customer requests regarding trunk and umbrella design can be reacted quickly, flexibly and inexpensively and not expensive Tools specifically for a type must be provided.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of an inventive Plastic composite insulator.
  • the middle section of the insulator 1 contains one Strunk 2 and a screen 6 wound spirally around it.
  • the trunk 2 contains a fiber-reinforced plastic core 3 made of epoxy-coated Glass fibers can consist of "endless” and cylindrical cores are arranged axially parallel, and a shield cover 4:
  • the plastic core 3 encased by a seamlessly shaped layer of the jacket 5, which without joints in passes the spiral screen 6.
  • a section of Figure 1 is as Drawn longitudinal section in which the tendon of the top of the screens in Longitudinal direction of the insulator intersecting cross-sectional area with the In the longitudinal direction, an angle ⁇ of 30 ° to 80 °, preferably of 40 ° to 70 °, includes.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an insulator according to the invention constant diameters, with a cylindrical stem 2 without a cavity and with a single spiral wound screen 6 of constant Cross-section.
  • several screens can be the same or different cross sections or screens with ribs, grooves or corrugations 14 different orientation and arrangement can be used.
  • Figure 1 also does not show the trunk ends 16 with the outlets 15 of the screens and not the caps that are usually designed as metal fittings.
  • the Caps are used to transfer the tensile force from the plastic core 3 to the Insulator suspension or mounting shown.
  • the cap can e.g. out Steel, cast iron or other metallic materials exist and through radial compression may be connected to the end of the plastic core 3.
  • Figure 2 shows a device 20 for producing the Plastic composite insulator 1 in the area of an extruder 21.
  • the mass 24 for the manufacture of the shield cover 4 is by the extruder 21 in the Quill head 22 promoted.
  • the device for the adhesive order 37, the Transport device 26 for the plastic core 3 with the anti-rotation device 36, the quill head 22 with the rotatable mouthpiece 23 and the heating section 35 for vulcanizing the shield cover are arranged axially that the Plastic core 3 are guided centrally through corresponding recesses can.
  • the mouthpiece 23 is driven by the drive 33 and 34.
  • Figure 3 gives a partial section of the outlet end of the quill head 22 and the rotatable mouthpiece 23 again.
  • the plastic core 3 is guided through a short distance from the sleeve 43 in order to which the mass 24 for the shield cover 4 behind the sleeve 43 and through the Gap 45 of the approximately circular recess 30 between the plastic core 3 and edge of the opening 25 and through the extension 31 and possibly through a second extension 32 pressed and in the form of jacket 5 and spiral screen 6 is formed.
  • the mouthpiece 23 is about that Ball bearing 41 rotatably mounted around the quill head 22.
  • the profile disc 29 with the opening 25 is over with the housing of the rotatable mouthpiece 23 Screws 38 and compression springs 39 connected.
  • the cross section of the opening 25 specifies the cross section of the shield cover 4 formed there.
  • the interior of the Quill head 22 is between the profile plate 29 and the housing of the mouthpiece 23 by a sealing and sliding ring 40, which can advantageously be made of PTFE, sealed.
  • the tightening torque must be the same for all screws 38, so that the pressure on the profile plate and the sealing and sliding ring 40 over the the entire scope is distributed approximately equally.
  • the tightening torque must be like this be high that during operation no mass 24 in the area of the sealing and sliding ring 40 can emerge, but a correct rotation of the mouthpiece 23 is guaranteed.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates different ones on the left with several partial representations Profile disks 29 of a rotatable mouthpiece 23 with different shaped openings 25 having circular recesses 30 which in approximately cone-shaped extensions 31 in the radial or angled direction pass over and be curved or aligned as required can.
  • second extensions 32 can be made from the extensions 31 Branch off to form ribs or corrugations 14.
  • the profile disc 29 can via mounting holes 46 with the housing of the rotatable Mouthpiece 23 are connected.
  • a device that opens the opening 25 is resized and / or reshaped during extrusion not shown here.
  • the change in the opening 25 can be done via the Extrusion time for an insulator should be even, e.g. around the stalk conical, or briefly, e.g.
  • the shape and size of the opening 25 determines the cross section the screen cover 4.
  • the resulting screen cross section 17 is in this plastic, not yet vulcanized material but not with the shape of the Opening 25 identical.
  • This production usually results in more or less inclined and curved spiral screen 6.
  • This screen 6 receives mostly a shape in which it is thicker closer to the trunk 2 and to the edge of the Screen 6 becomes thinner.
  • the change in the speed of rotation can Similar opening 25 to a differently shaped screen cross section 17 to lead.
  • the partial representations 4a to 4d different variants of the Opening 25 and the resulting screen cross sections 17 are shown. With simple means, therefore, the number, size and shape of the spiral Umbrellas 6 are affected.
  • the invention was exemplified above on a high voltage insulator for overhead lines, on the manufacturing process and on the basis of manufacturing required device explained in more detail.
  • a high voltage insulator for overhead lines on the manufacturing process and on the basis of manufacturing required device explained in more detail.
  • composite insulator according to the invention as a high voltage or as a housing for electrical apparatus, in particular in outdoor applications, are used, where the most diverse areas of application come into question.
  • the invention can also be used advantageously in cases where conventional Insulators of a specified height in atmospheric pollution areas cause electrical problems with flashovers. With the help of the invention Insulators can be built whose creepage distance remains the same Height can be adapted to the atmospheric conditions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kunststoffverbundisolator, dessen Strunk einen faserverstärkten Kunststoffkern und um diesen Kern herum den Mantel einer Schirmhülle enthält, wobei die Schirmhülle aus dem Mantel und mindestens einem um den Strunk spiralförmig laufenden Schirm gebildet wird.The invention relates to a plastic composite insulator, the trunk of which fiber-reinforced plastic core and around this core the jacket of a Contains umbrella cover, the umbrella cover from the jacket and at least a screen running spirally around the trunk is formed.

Hochspannungsisolatoren für Freileitungen werden seit langer Zeit aus keramischen, elektrisch isolierenden Materialien wie Porzellan oder Glas hergestellt. Daneben gewinnen Isolatoren, die eine Seele aus einem Fasern und Kunststoff enthaltenden Materialverbund und eine Schirmhülle aus Kunststoff enthalten, zunehmend an Bedeutung, weil sie sich durch eine Reihe von Vorteilen auszeichnen, zu denen neben einem geringeren Eigengewicht auch eine verbesserte mechanische Beständigkeit gegenüber Projektilen aus Schußwaffen zählt. Die Schirmhüllen solcher Verbundisolatoren sind dabei üblicherweise mit einer größeren Zahl an etwa senkrecht um den Strunk laufenden, tellerförmigen Schirmen ausgestattet.High voltage insulators for overhead lines have been out for a long time ceramic, electrically insulating materials such as porcelain or glass manufactured. In addition, isolators gain a soul from a fiber and Plastic composite material and a plastic cover contain increasing importance because they are characterized by a number of Characterize advantages, in addition to a lower weight improved mechanical resistance to projectiles Firearms count. The shield covers of such composite insulators are included usually with a larger number approximately perpendicular to the trunk running, plate-shaped umbrellas.

Verbundisolatoren weisen gegenüber konventionellen Isolatoren aus Glas oder Porzellan den Vorteil auf, daß sie exzellente Isolationseigenschaften beim Einsatz in Gebieten mit stark verschmutzter Atmosphäre besitzen, da sie weitgehend schmutzabweisend sind und teilweise auch Verschmutzungen isolierend einzukapseln vermögen. Deshalb werden Verbundisolatoren mit Schirmhüllen aus Silikongummi zunehmend dazu verwendet, bestehende Freileitungen mit elektrischen Isolationsproblemen, die aus atmosphärischen Verunreinigungen resultieren, zu ertüchtigen, indem man die konventionellen Isolatoren aus Porzellan oder Glas gegen Verbundisolatoren mit einer Schirmhülle aus Silikongummi austauscht.Composite insulators have compared to conventional insulators made of glass or Porcelain the advantage that they have excellent insulation properties when Use in areas with heavily polluted atmospheres as they are largely dirt-repellent and sometimes also dirt encapsulating isolating. That is why composite insulators are used Umbrellas made of silicone rubber are increasingly used to existing Overhead lines with electrical insulation problems arising from atmospheric Impurities result in toughening up by using the conventional Porcelain or glass insulators against composite insulators with a Screen cover made of silicone rubber replaced.

Für viele Anwendungen werden Hochspannungsisolatoren in Verbundbauweise mit tellerförmigen Schirmen eingesetzt, insbesondere für Freileitungen. Die Herstellung von Verbundisolatoren ist grundsätzlich bekannt. Sie können beispielsweise gemäß DE-C2-27 46 870 hergestellt werden, indem ein harzgetränkter Glasfaserkern (GFK = Glasfaser-verstärkter Kunststoff) durch Extrusion mit Silikonkautschuk umhüllt wird und einzeln vorgefertigte tellerförmige Schirme mit radialer Vorspannung auf einen umhüllten Glasfaserkern aufgeschoben und mit der Umhüllung zusammenvulkanisiert werden. Der für den Isolatorbetrieb erforderliche Kriechweg kann vor allem durch die Zahl und den Durchmesser der Schirme erhalten werden. Die Fuge zwischen dem den Glasfaserkern umhüllenden Mantel, also der Strunkoberfläche, und der Ausnehmung in den tellerförmigen Schirmen ist hierbei eine potentielle Fehlstelle, wenn der Produktionsprozeß nicht sicher beherrscht wird und die Fugen nicht dicht geschlossen werden.For many applications, high-voltage insulators are used in composite construction used with plate-shaped screens, especially for overhead lines. The The manufacture of composite insulators is generally known. You can for example according to DE-C2-27 46 870 can be produced by a resin-impregnated glass fiber core (GRP = glass fiber reinforced plastic) Extrusion is covered with silicone rubber and individually prefabricated plate-shaped umbrellas with radial preload on an encased Glass fiber core pushed on and vulcanized together with the covering become. The creepage distance required for the isolator operation can above all can be obtained by the number and diameter of the screens. The joint between the cladding enveloping the fiberglass core, i.e. the The surface of the trunk and the recess in the plate-shaped shades this is a potential fault if the production process is not certain is mastered and the joints are not closed tightly.

DE-A1-42 02 653 lehrt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundisolators durch Spritzgießen einer Schirmhülle um einen Kern, um Fugen zwischen dem Mantel und den tellerförmigen Schirmen einer Schirmhülle zu vermeiden, und eine Vorrichtung zum Spritzgießen dieser Isolatoren.DE-A1-42 02 653 teaches a method for producing a composite insulator by injection molding an umbrella sleeve around a core to create gaps between the Avoid coat and the plate-shaped shades of an umbrella cover, and a device for injection molding these insulators.

Es sind Hochspannungsisolatoren bekannt, die spiralförmige Schirme besitzen: SU 659382 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hochspannungsisolators aus Porzellan, der mit Hilfe eines Extruders mit einer rotierenden Scheibe, die eine Öffnung für die keramische Masse enthält, mit spiralförmigen Rippen geformt wird; Einzelheiten zu der rotierenden Scheibe sind nicht angegeben. CH-A5-640 666 lehrt einen Verbundisolator mit spiralförmigen Schirmen, bei dem ein vorgefertigtes rippenförmiges Elastomerprofilband um einen GFK-Kern gewunden und anvulkanisiert wird. Nach CA-A1-2,046,682 soll ein ähnliches rippenförmiges Elastomerprofilband mit einem parallelogrammförmigen Querschnitt für den Mantel um einen isolierenden Kern wie z.B. ein GFK-Rohr gewunden und anvulkanisiert werden. Entsprechend EP-B1-0 161 265 wird ein dünnes, schirmebildendes, schraubenförmiges Band aus Silikonkautschuk auf einem Teller geformt, abgehoben und um einen GFK-Kern gewickelt und angeklebt; dieses Verfahren weist einige Mängel auf: Es ist aufgrund des Herstellverfahrens nicht möglich, das Schirmband so aufzubringen, daß keine Schirmdeformationen entstehen. Der Nylonfaden im Bereich der Schirmwurzel vermag dieses Problem nicht zu lösen, da es durch diesen Faden vielmehr zu zerstörerischen Glimmentladungen in der Grenzfläche Faden/Schirm kommen kann. Der Kleber zur Befestigung des Schirmbandes am GFK-Kern dient laut Patentschrift auch dazu, den GFK-Kern in den Schirmzwischenräumen zu schützen; diese extrem dünne Schicht scheint aber nicht in der Lage zu sein, sicheren Schutz zu bieten, besonders nicht beim Auftreten von stromstarken Teillichtbögen auf der Isolatoroberfläche. Die sich durch die geringe Schirmdicke ergebende kurze Klebefuge ist ebenfalls eine Schwachstelle, weil sie sehr durchschlaggefährdet ist.High-voltage insulators are known which have spiral shields: SU 659382 describes a method for producing a Porcelain high-voltage insulator, made with the help of an extruder rotating disc, which contains an opening for the ceramic mass spiral ribs are formed; Details of the rotating disc are not specified. CH-A5-640 666 teaches a composite insulator spiral umbrellas, in which a prefabricated rib-shaped Elastomer profile tape is wound around a GRP core and vulcanized. According to CA-A1-2,046,682, a similar rib-shaped elastomer profile tape is intended with a parallelogram cross section for the jacket around one insulating core such as a GRP pipe is wound and vulcanized. According to EP-B1-0 161 265, a thin, screen-forming, helical silicone rubber band formed on a plate, lifted off and wrapped around a GRP core and glued; This method has some shortcomings: it is not possible due to the manufacturing process apply the shielding tape so that no shielding deformation occurs. The nylon thread in the area of the umbrella root is not capable of this problem solve, because this thread rather leads to destructive glow discharges can come in the thread / screen interface. The adhesive for attaching the Shielding tape on the GFK core also serves, according to the patent specification, for the GFK core in to protect the spaces between the screens; this extremely thin layer seems but not being able to offer secure protection, especially not when Occurrence of partial electric arcs on the insulator surface. Which the short adhesive joint resulting from the small screen thickness is also one Weak point because it is very vulnerable to breakdown.

Aus der GB 2 079 069 A ist ein Kunststoffverbundisolator gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bekannt, der nach folgendem Verfahren hergestellt wird. In einen geteilten Block aus Gießharz wird mit einem Spiralbohrer ein Loch gebohrt und dabei gleichzeitig die Kontur des spiralförmigen Schirms in den Block geschnitten. In das zentrale, durchgehende Loch des senkrecht gestellten Blocks wird zentrisch der Kern des zu fertigenden Isolators aus Faserverbundwerkstoff gestellt und der verbliebene Hohlraum um den Kern sowie die Kontur der Schirmspirale mit Silikon aufgefüllt. Nach dem Erkalten des Silikons wird die längsgeteilte Form geöffnet und der Isolator entnommen. Durch die Zweiteiligkeit der Form entstehen dort, wo die Trennstellen verlaufen, auf den sich gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Isolators Längsnähte. From GB 2 079 069 A, a plastic composite insulator is known according to the preamble of claim 1 following procedure is produced. In a split block made of resin drilled a hole with a twist drill and at the same time the contour of the spiral umbrella cut into the block. In the central, continuous The core of the one to be manufactured is centered in the hole in the vertically positioned block Insulator made of fiber composite material and the remaining cavity around the core and the contour of the spiral screen are filled with silicone. After this When the silicone cools, the slit mold is opened and the insulator taken. The two-part form creates where the Separation points run on the opposite sides of the insulator Longitudinal seams.

Aus der US-PS 3,685,147 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Koaxialkabels mit dem Dielektrikum Luft bekannt. Um den Abstand zum rohrförmigen Außenleiter herzustellen, wird der Mittelleiter mit einem spiralförmigen Abstandshalter umspritzt.US Pat. No. 3,685,147 describes a method for producing a coaxial cable known with the dielectric air. To the distance to the tubular To produce outer conductors, the central conductor is made with a spiral Spacers overmolded.

Die oben erwähnten Fertigungsverfahren für Kunststoffverbundisolatoren führen zu Fugen oder/und Nähten und somit leicht zu elektrotechnischer Beeinträchtigung. Sie weisen außerdem den Nachteil auf, daß besonders viele Arbeitsgänge für die Herstellung erforderlich sind und daher bezüglich Arbeitszeit und Energieeinsatz außerordentlich kostenintensiv sind.The above-mentioned manufacturing processes for composite plastic insulators lead to joints or / and seams and thus easily to electrical engineering Impairment. They also have the disadvantage that a particularly large number Operations are required for manufacturing and therefore regarding Working hours and energy use are extremely cost-intensive.

Der Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, Verbundisolatoren mit einer höheren Funktionssicherheit und besseren elektrotechnischen Kenndaten sowie gleichzeitig eine kostengünstigere Alternative zur Herstellung von derartigen Verbundisolatoren bereitzustellen.The invention was therefore based on the object of composite insulators higher functional reliability and better electrical characteristics as well at the same time a cheaper alternative to the production of such To provide composite insulators.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch einen Kunststoffverbundisolator enthaltend einen Strunk und mindestens einen Schirm und Kappen, bei dem der Strunk einen faserverstärkten Kunststoffkern und um diesen Kern herum einen Mantel einer Schirmhülle enthält und bei dem die Schirmhülle aus dem Mantel und mindestens einem um den Strunk spiralförmig laufenden Schirm gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Schirmhülle einteilig und ohne Fugen geformt ist und daß sie eine glatte Oberfläche ohne Längsnähte und ohne Quernähte aufweist.The object is achieved by a Plastic composite insulator containing a trunk and at least one shield and caps, in which the trunk has a fiber-reinforced plastic core and around this core contains a jacket of an umbrella cover and in which the Umbrella cover made of the coat and at least one spiral around the trunk current screen is formed, characterized in that the Umbrella cover is formed in one piece and without joints and that they have a smooth surface without longitudinal seams and without Has cross seams.

Die Aufgabe wird außerdem erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch zwei Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Kunststoffverbundisolators in Verbindung mit den zugehörigen Vorrichtungen.The object is also achieved according to the invention by two methods for Production of such a plastic composite insulator in conjunction with the associated devices.

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundisolatoren entgegen der Einschätzung der Fachwelt deutlich einfacher erfolgen kann. Außerdem ergab sich, daß die Verschmutzung des Isolators geringer ist und Schmutz leichter abgespült werden konnte als bei vergleichbaren Verbundisolatoren mit tellerförmigen Schirmen.Surprisingly, it was found that the production of the Composite insulators according to the invention contrary to the assessment of the professional world can be done much easier. It also showed that pollution of the insulator is less and dirt could be washed off more easily than with comparable composite insulators with plate-shaped shields.

Der Kunststoffkern der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundisolatoren kann mit Fasern aus einem alkaliarmen Glas verstärkt sein. Er kann insbesondere zylindrisch, bauchig gewölbt oder konisch ausgebildet sein und gibt somit die Grundform des Strunkes vor. Der Kunststoffkern kann ein Vollstab oder ein Hohlkörper sein, bevorzugt in Form eine Rohres oder eines Hohlkonus.The plastic core of the composite insulators according to the invention can be made with fibers be reinforced from a low-alkali glass. In particular, it can be cylindrical, be bulged or conical and thus gives the basic shape of the trunk. The plastic core can be a solid rod or a hollow body be, preferably in the form of a tube or a hollow cone.

Als Material für die Schirmhülle wird vorzugsweise ein Silikongummi verwendet, dessen Shore A Härte mehr als 40, insbesondere 60 bis 90, beträgt. Hierfür kann bevorzugt HTV-Kautschuk (HTV = Heiß-Temperatur-vernetzend) eingesetzt werden. Die Schirmhülle kann Kautschuk enthalten, der bei erhöhter Temperatur - in der Regel 50 °C bis 200 °C - vulkanisierbar ist, insbesondere EPDM (Terpolymer aus Ethylen, Propylen und einem Dien, mit dem ungesättigten Teil des Diens an der Seitenkette) oder/und EPM (Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymer), Polyvinyldimethylsiloxan und Füllstoffe, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe von Peroxiden vernetzt, oder allgemeiner Polyorganodimethylsiloxane. Weitere Arten geeigneten HTV-Silikonkautschuks umfassen MQ, FMQ, PMQ und VMQ entsprechend DIN ISO 1629. Die Schirmhülle weist üblicherweise eine glatte Oberfläche ohne Längsnähte und ohne Quernähte auf. Eine besonders glatte Oberfläche ist wegen geringerer Verschmutzungsneigung und besserer Isolierwirkung vorzuziehen. Der Mantel ist vorzugsweise von im wesentlichen gleicher Stärke oder mit Rippen, Rillen oder Wellen konturiert - vorzugsweise spiralförmig umlaufend, so daß Wasser gut ablaufen kann. Die Oberseite der spiralförmigen Schirme ist in der Regel konvex geformt, während die Unterseite der spiralförmigen Schirme häufig konkav geformt ist. Die Unterseite der spiralförmigen Schirme kann eine Wellung oder mindestens eine Rippe oder mindestens eine Rille aufweisen, die helfen, Kriechwege zu verlängern, die Schirme zu versteifen und fließendes Wasser, das auch Schmutz abtransportieren kann, abzulenken. Diese Schirmkonturen können auch radial zum Strunk oder nach außen laufend geführt werden. In der Regel sind die Übergänge zwischen der Oberfläche der Schirme und der Oberfläche des Mantels verrundet oder bei sehr geringem Abstand zwischen zwei Schirmen von einem Schirm zum nächsten Schirm kontinuierlich verrundet. Die Sehne der die Oberseite der Schirme in Längsrichtung des Isolators schneidenden Querschnittsfläche schließt üblicherweise mit der Längsrichtung L einen Winkel α von 30 ° bis 80 ° ein. Die spiralförmigen Schirme können seitlich zu den Kappen hin Ausläufe aufweisen, bei denen die Ausladung der Schirme üblicherweise kontinuierlich bis zum Ansatz am Strunk abnimmt. Eine beispielhafte Ausführung zeigt mindestens einen spiralförmigen Schirm, der im mittleren Bereich des Strunkes unterbrochen ist und seitlich von dieser Unterbrechung Ausläufe oder im Bereich der Unterbrechung eine verringerte Ausladung aufweist. Andere Ausführungen können sich dadurch auszeichnen, daß sie mindestens einen spiralförmigen Schirm führen, der mit einem über die Länge variierenden Schirmquerschnitt versehen ist oder daß mindestens ein spiralförmiger Schirm erst in größerem Abstand von einer Kappe mit einem Auslauf angeformt ist. Der Verbundisolator kann mindestens zwei spiralförmige Schirme aufweisen, die einen von einander abweichenden Schirmquerschnitt zeigen. Er kann zumindest in einem Bereich des Strunkes mit einer dichten Folge von Schirmabschnitten im Längsschnitt - ähnlich einem Kamm - ausgestattet sein. Der Abstand der Schirmabschnitte in einem Längsschnitt kann, beispielsweise aufgrund des geänderten Neigungswinkels oder einer größeren Zahl von spiralförmigen Schirmen, über die Länge des Strunkes variieren. Allein durch die Erhöhung der Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Dreheinrichtung am Mundstück oder der Dreheinrichtung für den Kunststoffkern kann auf sehr einfache Weise eine Verdichtung der Schirmabschnitte und eine Verringerung des Neigungswinkels der Schirme und somit eine Verlängerung des Kriechweges vorgenommen werden. Der Neigungswinkel kann hierbei so variiert werden, daß ein Umlauf eines spiralförmigen Schirmes um 360 ° einer Steigungshöhe in Längsrichtung L von 10 mm bis weit über 1000 mm entspricht. Außerdem können, insbesondere wenn alle spiralförmigen Schirme erst in einem etwas größeren Abstand von der Kappe angeformt sind, am Strunk mindestens an einem Strunkende ein oder mehrere tellerförmige Schirme angeformt oder aufgebracht sein.A silicone rubber is preferably used as the material for the shield cover, whose Shore A hardness is more than 40, in particular 60 to 90. Therefor can preferably HTV rubber (HTV = hot-temperature crosslinking) be used. The shield cover can contain rubber, which is used in the case of increased Temperature - usually 50 ° C to 200 ° C - is vulcanizable, in particular EPDM (terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene with which unsaturated part of the diene on the side chain) or / and EPM (ethylene-propylene copolymer), Polyvinyldimethylsiloxane and fillers, preferably with Cross-linked with the help of peroxides, or more generally polyorganodimethylsiloxanes. Other types of suitable HTV silicone rubbers include MQ, FMQ, PMQ and VMQ according to DIN ISO 1629. The shield cover usually has a smooth surface without longitudinal seams and without cross seams. A is particularly smooth due to the low tendency to soiling and preferable to better insulation. The coat is preferably of im essentially of the same thickness or contoured with ribs, grooves or waves - preferably spiraling so that water can drain off well. The The top of the spiral-shaped shades is usually shaped convexly the underside of the spiral screens is often concave. The Underside of the spiral shields can be a curl or at least one Have rib or at least one groove that help creep paths too lengthen, stiffen the umbrellas and running water, which is also dirt can transport away, distract. These screen contours can also be radial be routed to the trunk or to the outside. As a rule, they are Transitions between the surface of the screens and the surface of the Sheath rounded or with a very small distance between two screens from one screen continuously rounded to the next screen. The tendon of the Top of the shields cutting in the longitudinal direction of the insulator Cross-sectional area usually makes an angle with the longitudinal direction L. α from 30 ° to 80 °. The spiral screens can be to the side Caps have outlets in which the projection of the screens usually decreases continuously until it starts to form on the trunk. A exemplary embodiment shows at least one spiral screen, which in middle area of the trunk is interrupted and laterally from this Interruption spouts or in the area of the interruption a reduced Projection. Other designs can be characterized by that they lead at least one spiral screen, which with one over the Length varying screen cross section is provided or that at least one spiral screen only at a greater distance from a cap with a Spout is formed. The composite insulator can have at least two spiral Have screens that have a different screen cross-section demonstrate. It can be dense at least in one area of the trunk Sequence of screen sections in longitudinal section - similar to a comb - be equipped. The distance between the screen sections in a longitudinal section can, for example, due to the changed angle of inclination or a larger number of spiral umbrellas, along the length of the trunk vary. Simply by increasing the speed of rotation of the Rotating device on the mouthpiece or the rotating device for the plastic core can very easily compress the screen sections and Reduction of the angle of inclination of the screens and thus an extension of the crawl path. The angle of inclination can be so be varied so that a revolution of a spiral screen by 360 ° one Gradient height in the longitudinal direction L from 10 mm to well over 1000 mm equivalent. In addition, especially if all spiral screens are formed only at a somewhat greater distance from the cap, on Strunk one or more plate-shaped umbrellas at least at one end molded or applied.

Der Kunststoffkern kann eine Länge zwischen 10 cm und 8 m einnehmen und gibt dadurch in etwa die Länge des gesamten Isolators vor. Die spiralförmigen Schirme können - außer an den Enden der Ausläufe - eine Ausladung senkrecht zum Strunk ab Oberfläche des Mantels von 5 bis 100 mm, insbesondere von 10 bis 70 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 15 bis 40 mm aufweisen. Der Abstand zwischen zwei Schirmabschnitten kann in Längsrichtung L, nahe der Oberfläche des Mantels gemessen, 5 bis 1000 mm, insbesondere 10 bis 500 mm, besonders bevorzugt 20 bis 100 mm betragen.
Die Geradheitsabweichung einer im wesentlichen geraden Linie auf der Oberfläche der Schirmhülle beträgt üblicherweise nicht mehr als 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 0,3 mm, insbesondere nicht mehr als 0,1 mm.The plastic core can have a length of between 10 cm and 8 m and thus prescribes approximately the length of the entire insulator. Except at the ends of the outlets, the spiral-shaped screens can have an outreach perpendicular to the stem from the surface of the jacket of 5 to 100 mm, in particular 10 to 70 mm, particularly preferably 15 to 40 mm. The distance between two screen sections in the longitudinal direction L, measured near the surface of the jacket, can be 5 to 1000 mm, in particular 10 to 500 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm.
The straightness deviation of an essentially straight line on the surface of the shield cover is usually not more than 0.5 mm, preferably not more than 0.3 mm, in particular not more than 0.1 mm.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schirmkonstruktion bietet noch weitere Vorteile: Silikongummi ist bekanntermaßen ein teurer Werkstoff, weil die Silikonsynthese von reinem Silizium ausgeht. Isolatorkonstruktionen mit tellerförmigen Schirmen aus Silikongummi sind deshalb darauf ausgerichtet, den Materialeinsatz zu minimieren, was zu dünnen Schirmen führt. Dünne Schirme aus Silikongummi, insbesondere solche größerer Ausladung sind u.U. mechanisch instabil, sie neigen zur Deformation während Lagerung und Transport und können auch mechanisch leicht beschädigt werden. Durch die Auswahl eines geeigneten Schirmquerschnitts in Verbindung mit dem Neigungswinkel und gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von Rillen, Rippen oder Wellungen an den Schirmunterseiten können die Schirme bei gleichem oder noch größerem Kriechweg mit einer kleineren Ausladung versehen werden als tellerförmige Schirme und gewinnen dabei durch die versteifende Wirkung der Kontur an den Schirmunterseiten für dieses weiche flexible Material einen erheblichen Grad an mechanischer Stabilität. Der Materialeinsatz für die Schirme mit Rillen, Rippen oder Wellungen ist gering und wird bei weitem durch die dadurch gewonnene Kriechweglänge kompensiert, da eine Verlängerung des Kriechweges bei flachen tellerförmigen oder spiralförmigen Schirmen nur über die Durchmesservergrößerung erreicht werden kann, die in die Materialrechnung quadratisch eingeht.The screen construction according to the invention offers further advantages: Silicone rubber is known to be an expensive material because of the silicone synthesis starting from pure silicon. Isolator constructions with plate-shaped screens made of silicone rubber are therefore geared towards the use of materials minimize, which leads to thin screens. Thin shades made of silicone rubber, in particular those with a larger projection may be mechanically unstable, she tend to deform during storage and transportation and can too easily damaged mechanically. By choosing a suitable one Screen cross-section in connection with the angle of inclination and if necessary using grooves, ribs or corrugations on the underside of the screen can the screens with the same or even larger creepage distance with a smaller throat than plate-shaped umbrellas and win the stiffening effect of the contour on the underside of the screen for this soft flexible material has a significant degree of mechanical Stability. The material used for the umbrellas with grooves, ribs or corrugations is small and is by far the creepage distance gained compensated, since an extension of the creepage distance with flat plate-shaped or spiral-shaped umbrellas only achieved by increasing the diameter can be squared into the material calculation.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundisolatoren weisen weder Fugen, noch üblicherweise Nähte auf. An solchen Nähten, die meistens ein senkrecht auf der Schirmhülle stehendes, in Längsrichtung des Isolators verlaufendes Häutchen aufweisen, können sich Schmutzpartikel lokal anhäufen und elektrotechnisch störend auswirken. Die gekrümmten und geneigten spiralförmigen Schirme sind besonders bei Regen von Vorteil, da das Regenwasser nicht die Spirale nach unten abläuft, sondern aufgrund der Schirmform nach außen abgelenkt wird und abtropft.The composite insulators according to the invention have neither joints nor usually seams. At such seams, usually one perpendicular to the A standing skin that runs in the longitudinal direction of the insulator dirt particles can accumulate locally and electrotechnically disruptive. The curved and inclined spiral screens are This is particularly advantageous when it is raining because the rainwater does not follow the spiral runs down, but is deflected outwards due to the shape of the umbrella and drains.

Es ist bekannt, daß an allen Arten Hochspannungsisolatoren im Betrieb sichtbare elektrische Entladungen und Teillichtbögen auftreten können. Diese Entladungen sind sehr intensiv und insbesondere am spannungsseitigen Ende des Isolators im Bereich des Strunkes zwischen Kappe und dem ersten hinter der Kappe folgenden Schirm energiereich. Beobachtungen haben ergeben, daß diese Entladungen bevorzugt am Strunk und an den Strunk-nahen Teilflächen der Schirmunterseiten auftreten. Die Entladungsintensität entlang der Längsachse des Isolators nimmt mit zunehmender Entfernung vom spannungsführenden Leiter ab. Auch bei Kunststoffverbundisolatoren mit tellerförmigen Schirmen können zwischen Kappe und erstem darauffolgendem Schirm - insbesondere in Gebieten mit hoher Luftverschmutzung - Entladungen auftreten, die Erosionen in der Schirmhülle und in schweren Fällen Zerstörung der Isolatoren hervorrufen. Der tellerförmige Schirm wirkt als Barriere, die den Auslauf der Entladungen in Richtung auf die Erdseite des Isolators verhindert.It is known that all types of high voltage insulators in operation visible electrical discharges and partial arcing can occur. This Discharges are very intense and especially at the voltage end of the insulator in the area of the trunk between the cap and the first behind the screen following the cap is energetic. Observations have shown that these discharges preferentially on the trunk and on the sub-areas close to the trunk of the underside of the screen occur. The discharge intensity along the The longitudinal axis of the isolator decreases with increasing distance from live conductor. Also with plastic composite insulators plate-shaped umbrellas can be between the cap and the first succeeding Umbrella - especially in areas with high air pollution - discharges occur, the erosions in the shield cover and in severe cases destruction of the isolators. The plate-shaped screen acts as a barrier that the Leakage of discharges towards the earth side of the insulator prevented.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffverbundisolator, der nur spiralförmige Schirme aufweist, können die Entladungen entlang dem Strunk weiter wandern, wobei ihre Intensität abklingt. Es entstehen hierbei keine großen lokalen Stromdichten, die Erosionen verursachen können.In the plastic composite insulator according to the invention, the only spiral Has screens, the discharges can continue to move along the trunk, whereby their intensity subsides. There are no large local ones Current densities that can cause erosion.

Bei der Herstellung von Kunststoffverbundisolatoren kann entsprechend der Erfindung ein hoher Anteil an Kautschuk im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Kunststoffverbundisolator gleicher Länge und gleichen Kriechwegs eingespart werden. Im allgemeinen ist mit einer Ersparnis von etwa 40 % zu rechnen. Die folgende Tabelle führt für zwei verschiedene Typen jeweils für Verbundisolatoren nach dem Stand der Technik und nach der Erfindung die entsprechenden Daten im Vergleich auf; die Kenndatenzum Gewicht gelten für eine diskontinuierliche Herstellung, bei der die Strunkenden nicht gänzlich mit einem Mantel bedeckt wurden: Verbundisolator Typ Schirme Baulänge Kriechweg Gewicht Schirmhülle Gewichtsersparnis 30/3(168) 430 3 Tellerschirme 430 mm 550 mm 730 g - 1 Spiralschirm mit 11,25 Windungen 430 mm 550 mm 319 g 56 % 30/2(168) 405 2 Tellerschirme 405 mm 405 mm 520 g - 1 Spiralschirm mit 7,5 Windungen 405 mm 405 mm 234 g 55 % According to the invention, a large proportion of rubber can be saved in the production of plastic composite insulators in comparison with a conventional plastic composite insulator of the same length and the same creepage distance. In general, savings of around 40% can be expected. The following table compares the corresponding data for two different types of composite insulators according to the prior art and according to the invention; the weight data apply to a discontinuous production in which the end of the trunk is not completely covered with a jacket: Composite insulator type umbrellas overall length creepage Weight umbrella cover weight savings 30/3 (168) 430 3 plate screens 430 mm 550 mm 730 g - 1 spiral umbrella with 11.25 turns 430 mm 550 mm 319 g 56% 30/2 (168) 405 2 plate screens 405 mm 405 mm 520 g - 1 spiral umbrella with 7.5 turns 405 mm 405 mm 234 g 55%

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundisolatoren können nach folgenden Verfahren hergestellt werden:The composite insulators according to the invention can be produced using the following methods getting produced:

Ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 19 zur Herstellung eines Kunststoffverbundisolators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf einen faserverstärkten Kunststoffkern ein Haftmittel aufgebracht wird, daß der so vorbehandelte Kunststoffkern in einen Extruder oder in eine Kolbenpresse, die einen Pinolenkopf mit einem drehbaren Mundstück aufweisen, eingeführt wird, daß die Transportgeschwindigkeit des Kunststoffkerns mit der Drehgeschwindigkeit des drehbaren Mundstücks gekoppelt ist, daß die Masse zur Herstellung der Schirmhülle um den vorbehandelten Kunststoffkern herum verdichtet und durch das drehbare Mundstück gepreßt wird, so daß der vorbehandelte Kunststoffkern in Längsrichtung mit einer einteiligen Schirmhülle aus Mantel und Schirm/Schirmen in Form einer oder mehrerer Spiralen versehen wird. Außerdem kann der Kunststoffkern hierbei in einen Extruder oder in eine Kolbenpresse drehend eingeführt werden, wobei die Transportgeschwindigkeit des Kunststoffkerns mit seiner Drehgeschwindigkeit gekoppelt sein kann. A method according to claim 19 for producing a plastic composite insulator according to one of claims 1 to 18 is thereby characterized in that an adhesive on a fiber-reinforced plastic core is applied that the pretreated plastic core in an extruder or in a piston press that has a quill head with a rotatable one Have mouthpiece is introduced that the transport speed of the Plastic core with the speed of rotation of the rotatable mouthpiece is coupled that the mass for the manufacture of the shield cover around pre-treated plastic core compacted around and by the rotatable Mouthpiece is pressed so that the pretreated plastic core in Longitudinal direction with a one-piece umbrella cover made of jacket and umbrella / umbrellas is provided in the form of one or more spirals. In addition, the Plastic core rotating in an extruder or in a piston press be introduced, the transport speed of the plastic core with its rotational speed can be coupled.

Bei einem anderen Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 20, zur Herstellung eines Kunststoffverbundisolators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wird ein Haftmittel auf einen faserverstärkten Kunststoffkern aufgebracht, wobei der so vorbehandelte Kunststoffkern in einen Extruder oder in eine Kolbenpresse, die einen Pinolenkopf mit einem Mundstück aufweisen, drehend eingeführt wird, wobei die Transportgeschwindigkeit des Kunststoffkerns mit seiner Drehgeschwindigkeit gekoppelt ist und die Masse zur Herstellung der Schirmhülle um den vorbehandelten Kunststoffkern herum verdichtet und durch die Öffnung des Mundstücks gepreßt wird, so daß der vorbehandelte Kunststoffkern in Längsrichtung mit einer einteiligen Schirmhülle aus Mantel und Schirm/Schirmen in Form einer oder mehrerer Spiralen versehen wird.In another method according to claim 20, for producing a plastic composite insulator according to one of claims 1 to 18, an adhesive is applied to a fiber-reinforced plastic core, the plastic core thus pretreated in an extruder or in a Piston press, which have a quill head with a mouthpiece, rotating is introduced, the transport speed of the plastic core with its rotational speed is coupled and the mass for producing the Shield cover around the pretreated plastic core compressed and through the mouthpiece opening is pressed so that the pretreated one Plastic core in the longitudinal direction with a one-piece shield cover made of jacket and screen / screens is provided in the form of one or more spirals.

Hierbei kann das Haftmittel auf den Kunststoffkern vor dem Umhüllen mit Masse durch Aufspritzen, Aufstreichen oder Tauchen aufgebracht werden. Das Haftmittel dient üblicherweise als Hilfsmittel zum Vulkanisieren und kann auf Basis Silan verwendet werden. Es kann als Flüssigkeitsfilm von z.B. etwa 1 µm Stärke auf dem Kunststoffkern aufgebracht sein.Here, the adhesive can be on the plastic core before wrapping Mass can be applied by spraying, spreading or dipping. The Adhesive usually serves as an aid to vulcanization and can be applied Base silane can be used. It can be used as a liquid film of e.g. about 1 µm Starch can be applied to the plastic core.

Die Verfahren können kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich, mit konstanter oder wechselnder Geschwindigkeit durchgeführt werden. Die Geschwindigkeit der Dreheinrichtungen bzw. der Transporteinrichtung kann in weiten Grenzen variiert werden, jedoch ist darauf zu achten, daß es nicht aufgrund zu hoher Geschwindigkeit zu einem Abscheren zwischen dem beschichteten Kunststoffkern und der Kautschukmasse kommt, da sonst insbesondere die Schirme abgerissen werden können. Bei der Herstellung kann die Größe oder/und die Form der Öffnung eines Mundstücks während des Extrudierens mittels Extruder oder Kolbenpresse verändert werden, insbesondere wenn eine geeignete Einrichtung zur Veränderung der Öffnung bereitgestellt ist; beispielsweise können die spiralförmigen Schirme seitlich zu den Kappen hin mit Ausläufen gepreßt werden. Die Enden der spiralförmigen Schirme können aber auch seitlich zu den Kappen hin zu Ausläufen gefast, abgerundet oder abgearbeitet werden. Die Enden der spiralförmigen Schirme können auch einfach abgeschnitten werden, wobei ein leichtes Verrunden der Kanten vorteilhaft ist. Bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Isolatoren ist zu beachten, daß der Pinolenkopf beim Extrudieren vollständig und ohne Lufteinschlüsse mit Masse gefüllt wird und die Masse für die Schirmhülle ohne Lufteinschlüsse ausgestoßen wird. Das Herstellverfahren für den Strunk wird im wesentlichen dadurch abgeschlossen, daß der Kunststoffkern mit der Schirmhülle durch Vulkanisieren verbunden wird. Das Vulkanisieren kann hinter dem Pinolenkopf in einer Heizstrecke erfolgen. Hierbei ist zu beachten, daß auch der äußere Bereich des Kunststoffkerns eine ausreichende Temperatur zum Vulkanisieren erreicht. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Verwendung eines Haftmittels für das Ergebnis des Vulkanisierens sehr förderlich sein kann, weil so eine chemische Verbindung zwischen den beiden zusammenzuvulkanisierenden Teilen ohne Blasen und ohne Spalte erzeugt werden kann. In Blasen oder Spalten kann sich Wasser ansammeln, das zu einer elektrotechnischen Beeinträchtigung, in erster Linie durch Glimmentladungen, führen kann. Glimmentladungen können zu Lichtbögen führen, die den Isolator zerstören können.The processes can be continuous or discontinuous, with constant or changing speed. The speed of the Rotating devices or the transport device can be used within wide limits be varied, however care should be taken to ensure that it is not due to being too high Speed to shear between the coated Plastic core and the rubber mass comes, otherwise otherwise in particular Umbrellas can be torn off. When manufacturing, the size can or / and the shape of the mouthpiece opening during extrusion be changed using an extruder or piston press, especially if one suitable means for changing the opening is provided; for example, the spiral shields can be used laterally towards the caps Spouts are pressed. The ends of the spiral screens can, however also bevelled, rounded or to the side towards the caps towards the spouts be processed. The ends of the spiral screens can also simply cut off, with a slight rounding of the edges is advantageous. In the manufacture of the insulators according to the invention note that the quill head is completely and without extrusion Air pockets are filled with mass and the mass for the shield cover without Air pockets are expelled. The manufacturing process for the stalk is in essentially completed in that the plastic core with the Umbrella cover is connected by vulcanization. Vulcanizing can be behind the quill head in a heating section. It should be noted here that the outer area of the plastic core has a sufficient temperature reached for vulcanization. It has been shown that the use of a Adhesive can be very conducive to the result of vulcanization because such a chemical connection between the two parts to be vulcanized together without bubbles and without gaps can be. Water can accumulate in bubbles or crevices, resulting in a electrical impairment, primarily due to glow discharges, can lead. Glow discharges can lead to arcing, which can damage the insulator can destroy.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundisolatoren können mit Hilfe der folgenden Vorrichtungen hergestellt werden:The composite insulators of the present invention can be made using the following Devices are manufactured:

Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 28, zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen
Kunststoffverbundisolators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18 umfaßt einen Extruder oder eine Kolbenpresse, einen Pinolenkopf, ein Mundstück mit Öffnung und eine Transporteinrichtung für den Kunststoffkern und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mundstück mit einer Dreheinrichtung ausgestattet ist. Eine andere Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 29, zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffverbundisolators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18 enthält einen Extruder oder eine Kolbenpresse, einen Pinolenkopf, ein Mundstück mit Öffnung und eine Transporteinrichtung für den Kunststoffkern, wobei die Transporteinrichtung mit einer Dreheinrichtung für den Kunststoffkern ausgestattet ist. Das Mundstück kann eine Profilscheibe enthalten, die federnd gelagert ist, und birgt eine Öffnung, die bevorzugt in einer Profilscheibe angeordnet ist. Die Öffnung kann eine zur Transportachse des Kunststoffkerns zentrisch angeordnete kreisförmige Ausnehmung aufweisen, die in mindestens eine etwa zapfenförmige Ausweitung in radialer oder abgewinkelter Richtung übergeht. Die Öffnung kann im Bereich der etwa zapfenförmigen Ausweitung mindestens eine Einengung oder mindestens eine von dieser Ausweitung abzweigende zweite Ausweitung aufweisen. Sie kann mit einer Einrichtung versehen sein, mit der die Öffnung während des Betriebs in der Größe oder/und in der Form verändert werden kann. Die kreisförmige Ausnehmung der Öffnung kann einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der mindestens 0,2 mm größer ist als der Durchmesser des Kunststoffkerns an der zugehörigen Stelle beim Transportieren durch die Öffnung.A device according to claim 28, for producing an inventive
Plastic composite insulator according to one of claims 1 to 18 comprises an extruder or a piston press, a quill head, a mouthpiece with opening and a transport device for the plastic core and is characterized in that the mouthpiece is equipped with a rotating device. Another device according to claim 29 for producing a plastic composite insulator according to the invention according to one of claims 1 to 18 contains an extruder or a piston press, a quill head, a mouthpiece with an opening and a transport device for the plastic core, the transport device being equipped with a rotating device for the plastic core is. The mouthpiece can contain a profiled disc, which is spring-mounted, and contains an opening, which is preferably arranged in a profiled disc. The opening can have a circular recess which is arranged centrally to the transport axis of the plastic core and which merges into at least one approximately cone-shaped widening in the radial or angled direction. The opening can have at least one constriction or at least one second extension branching off from this extension in the region of the approximately cone-shaped extension. It can be provided with a device with which the opening can be changed in size and / or shape during operation. The circular recess of the opening can have a diameter which is at least 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the plastic core at the associated point when being transported through the opening.

Das zur Formgebung der Schirmhülle dienende Profilwerkzeug kann so einfach gebaut werden, daß auf Kundenwünsche bezüglich Strunk- und Schirm-Design schnell, flexibel und kostengünstig reagiert werden kann und keine teuren Werkzeuge speziell für einen Typ bereitgestellt werden müssen.The profile tool used to shape the shield cover can be so simple to be built on customer requests regarding trunk and umbrella design can be reacted quickly, flexibly and inexpensively and not expensive Tools specifically for a type must be provided.

Der erfindungsgemäße Hochspannungsisolator in Verbundbauweise, sein Herstellverfahren und die zugehörige Vorrichtung soll beispielhaft anhand von vier Zeichnungen verdeutlicht werden:The composite high-voltage insulator according to the invention Manufacturing method and the associated device should be exemplified with reference to four drawings are illustrated:

Figur 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffverbundisolators. Der mittlere Abschnitt des Isolators 1 enthält einen Strunk 2 und einen spiralförmig hierum gewundenen Schirm 6. Der Strunk 2 enthält einen faserverstärkten Kunststoffkern 3, der aus epoxidharzumhüllten Glasfasern bestehen kann, die "endlos" und bei zylindrischen Kernen achsparallel angeordnet sind, und eine Schirmhülle 4: Der Kunststoffkern 3 ist umhüllt von einer fugenlos geformten Schicht des Mantels 5, die ohne Fugen in den spiralförmigen Schirm 6 übergeht. Ein Ausschnitt der Figur 1 ist als Längsschnitt gezeichnet, in dem die Sehne der die Oberseite der Schirme in Längsrichtung des Isolators schneidenden Querschnittsfläche mit der Längsrichtung einen Winkel α von 30 ° bis 80 °, vorzugsweise von 40 ° bis 70 °, einschließt. Hier ist der Querschnitt eines Schirms 17 gut zu erkennen. Die Übergänge der Oberseite 7 bzw. der Unterseite 8 des spiralförmigen Schirmes 6 in die Oberfläche des Mantels 9 können scharfkantig, vorzugsweise aber verrundet ausgeführt sein 10 bzw. 11, insbesondere mit einem Radius von 0,1 bis 12 mm. Figur 1 zeigt ein Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Isolators mit konstanten Durchmessern, mit einem zylindrischen Strunk 2 ohne Hohlraum und mit einem einzigen spiralförmig gewundenen Schirm 6 von konstantem Querschnitt. Alternativ können auch mehrere Schirme gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Querschnitts bzw. Schirme mit Rippen, Rillen oder Wellungen 14 unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung und Anordnung verwendet werden. Figur 1 zeigt auch nicht die Strunkenden 16 mit den Ausläufen 15 der Schirme und nicht die Kappen die üblicherweise als Metallarmaturen ausgeführt sind. Die Kappen dienen zur Übertragung der Zugkraft vom Kunststoffkern 3 zu der nicht dargestellten Isolatorenaufhängung bzw. -befestigung. Die Kappe kann z.B. aus Stahl, Gußeisen oder anderen metallischen Werkstoffen bestehen und durch radiale Kompression mit dem Ende des Kunststoffkerns 3 verbunden sein. Außerdem werden der Abstand zwischen zwei Schirmabschnitten 12 und die Ausladung des Schirms 13 dargestellt.Figure 1 shows a section of an inventive Plastic composite insulator. The middle section of the insulator 1 contains one Strunk 2 and a screen 6 wound spirally around it. The trunk 2 contains a fiber-reinforced plastic core 3 made of epoxy-coated Glass fibers can consist of "endless" and cylindrical cores are arranged axially parallel, and a shield cover 4: The plastic core 3 encased by a seamlessly shaped layer of the jacket 5, which without joints in passes the spiral screen 6. A section of Figure 1 is as Drawn longitudinal section in which the tendon of the top of the screens in Longitudinal direction of the insulator intersecting cross-sectional area with the In the longitudinal direction, an angle α of 30 ° to 80 °, preferably of 40 ° to 70 °, includes. The cross section of a screen 17 can be clearly seen here. The Transitions from the top 7 or the bottom 8 of the spiral screen 6 in the surface of the jacket 9 can be sharp, but preferably be rounded 10 or 11, in particular with a radius of 0.1 up to 12 mm. Figure 1 shows an example of an insulator according to the invention constant diameters, with a cylindrical stem 2 without a cavity and with a single spiral wound screen 6 of constant Cross-section. Alternatively, several screens can be the same or different cross sections or screens with ribs, grooves or corrugations 14 different orientation and arrangement can be used. Figure 1 also does not show the trunk ends 16 with the outlets 15 of the screens and not the caps that are usually designed as metal fittings. The Caps are used to transfer the tensile force from the plastic core 3 to the Insulator suspension or mounting shown. The cap can e.g. out Steel, cast iron or other metallic materials exist and through radial compression may be connected to the end of the plastic core 3. In addition, the distance between two screen sections 12 and Outreach of the screen 13 shown.

Figur 2 stellt eine Vorrichtung 20 zur Herstellung des Kunststoffverbundisolators 1 im Bereich eines Extruders 21 dar. Die Masse 24 für die Herstellung der Schirmhülle 4 wird durch den Extruder 21 in den Pinolenkopf 22 gefördert. Die Einrichtung für den Haftmittelauftrag 37, die Transporteinrichtung 26 für den Kunststoffkern 3 mit der Verdrehsicherung 36, der Pinolenkopf 22 mit dem drehbaren Mundstück 23 sowie die Heizstrecke 35 zum Vulkanisieren der Schirmhülle sind so achsial angeordnet, daß der Kunststoffkern 3 zentrisch durch entsprechende Ausnehmungen geführt werden kann. Das Mundstück 23 wird durch den Antrieb 33 und 34 angetrieben. Figure 2 shows a device 20 for producing the Plastic composite insulator 1 in the area of an extruder 21. The mass 24 for the manufacture of the shield cover 4 is by the extruder 21 in the Quill head 22 promoted. The device for the adhesive order 37, the Transport device 26 for the plastic core 3 with the anti-rotation device 36, the quill head 22 with the rotatable mouthpiece 23 and the heating section 35 for vulcanizing the shield cover are arranged axially that the Plastic core 3 are guided centrally through corresponding recesses can. The mouthpiece 23 is driven by the drive 33 and 34.

Figur 3 gibt einen Teilschnitt des Auslaufendes des Pinolenkopfes 22 und des drehbaren Mundstücks 23 wieder. Mitten durch den Pinolenkopf 22 und in geringem Abstand zur Pinole 43 wird der Kunststoffkern 3 hindurchgeführt, um den die Masse 24 für die Schirmhülle 4 hinter der Pinole 43 und durch den Spalt 45 der in etwa kreisförmigen Ausnehmung 30 zwischen Kunststoffkern 3 und Rand der Öffnung 25 sowie durch die Ausweitung 31 und ggbfs. durch eine zweite Ausweitung 32 gepreßt und in die Form von Mantel 5 und spiralförmigem Schirm 6 geformt wird. Das Mundstück 23 ist über das Kugellager 41 drehbar um den Pinolenkopf 22 gelagert. Die Profilscheibe 29 mit der Öffnung 25 ist mit dem Gehäuse des drehbaren Mundstücks 23 über Schrauben 38 und Druckfedern 39 verbunden.Der Querschnitt der Öffnung 25 gibt den Querschnitt der dort geformten Schirmhülle 4 vor. Der Innenraum des Pinolenkopfes 22 wird zwischen Profilscheibe 29 und Gehäuse des Mundstücks 23 durch einen Dicht- und Gleitring 40, der vorteilhaft aus PTFE sein kann, abgedichtet. Das Anzugmoment muß für alle Schrauben 38 gleich groß sein, damit der Druck auf die Profilscheibe und den Dicht- und Gleitring 40 über den gesamten Umfang in etwa gleich verteilt wird. Das Anzugdrehmoment muß so hoch sein, daß im Betrieb keine Masse 24 im Bereich des Dicht- und Gleitrings 40 austreten kann, aber ein einwandfreies Drehen des Mundstücks 23 gewährleistet ist. Eine genaue Drehmomenteinstellung, ein Ausgleich der Deformation des Dicht- und Gleitrings 40 und somit ein ununterbrochener Kontakt zwischen Profilscheibe 29 und Dicht- und Gleitring 40 wird hierzu über die Druckfedern 39 erreicht. Auf diese Weise läßt sich eine zuverlässige Abdichtung erzielen. Das auf den Kunststoffkern 3 aufgebrachte Haftmittel wird in keiner der Figuren dargestellt.Figure 3 gives a partial section of the outlet end of the quill head 22 and the rotatable mouthpiece 23 again. In the middle of the quill head 22 and in The plastic core 3 is guided through a short distance from the sleeve 43 in order to which the mass 24 for the shield cover 4 behind the sleeve 43 and through the Gap 45 of the approximately circular recess 30 between the plastic core 3 and edge of the opening 25 and through the extension 31 and possibly through a second extension 32 pressed and in the form of jacket 5 and spiral screen 6 is formed. The mouthpiece 23 is about that Ball bearing 41 rotatably mounted around the quill head 22. The profile disc 29 with the opening 25 is over with the housing of the rotatable mouthpiece 23 Screws 38 and compression springs 39 connected. The cross section of the opening 25 specifies the cross section of the shield cover 4 formed there. The interior of the Quill head 22 is between the profile plate 29 and the housing of the mouthpiece 23 by a sealing and sliding ring 40, which can advantageously be made of PTFE, sealed. The tightening torque must be the same for all screws 38, so that the pressure on the profile plate and the sealing and sliding ring 40 over the the entire scope is distributed approximately equally. The tightening torque must be like this be high that during operation no mass 24 in the area of the sealing and sliding ring 40 can emerge, but a correct rotation of the mouthpiece 23 is guaranteed. A precise torque setting, a compensation of the Deformation of the sealing and sliding ring 40 and thus an uninterrupted Contact between the profile plate 29 and the sealing and sliding ring 40 is done via this the compression springs 39 reached. In this way, a reliable Achieve sealing. The adhesive applied to the plastic core 3 becomes not shown in any of the figures.

Figur 4 verdeutlicht links mit mehreren Teildarstellungen verschiedene Profilscheiben 29 eines drehbaren Mundstucks 23 mit unterschiedlich geformten Öffnungen 25, die kreisförmige Ausnehmungen 30 aufweisen, die in etwa zapfenförmige Ausweitungen 31 in radialer oder abgewinkelter Richtung übergehen und je nach Erfordernis gekrümmt oder gerade ausgerichtet sein können. Zusätzlich können von den Ausweitungen 31 zweite Ausweitungen 32 seitlich abzweigen, um Rippen oder Wellungen 14 anzuformen. Die Profilscheibe 29 kann über Befestigungsbohrungen 46 mit dem Gehäuse des drehbaren Mundstücks 23 verbunden werden. Eine Einrichtung, die die Öffnung 25 während des Extrudierens in der Größe oder/und in der Form verändert, wird hier nicht dargestellt. Die Veränderung der Öffnung 25 kann über die Extrusionsdauer für einen Isolator gleichmäßig erfolgen, z.B., um den Strunk konisch auszugestalten, oder kurzzeitig, um z.B. Querrippen zu erzeugen. Rechts neben den Teildarstellungen der verschiedenen Profilscheiben 29 werden Längsschnitte ausschnittsweise durch den Strunk 2 aus Kunststoffkern 3 und Mantel 5 sowie durch den spiralförmigen Schirm 6 wiedergegeben, die mittels der links gezeigten Öffnungen 25 gewonnen werden können.FIG. 4 illustrates different ones on the left with several partial representations Profile disks 29 of a rotatable mouthpiece 23 with different shaped openings 25 having circular recesses 30 which in approximately cone-shaped extensions 31 in the radial or angled direction pass over and be curved or aligned as required can. In addition, second extensions 32 can be made from the extensions 31 Branch off to form ribs or corrugations 14. The profile disc 29 can via mounting holes 46 with the housing of the rotatable Mouthpiece 23 are connected. A device that opens the opening 25 is resized and / or reshaped during extrusion not shown here. The change in the opening 25 can be done via the Extrusion time for an insulator should be even, e.g. around the stalk conical, or briefly, e.g. to To produce cross ribs. To the right of the partial representations of the various profiled disks 29 Longitudinal sections of the trunk 2 made of plastic core 3 and Sheath 5 and represented by the spiral screen 6, which means of the openings 25 shown on the left can be obtained.

Grundsätzlich bestimmt die Form und Größe der Öffnung 25 den Querschnitt der Schirmhülle 4. Der resultierende Schirmquerschnitt 17 ist bei diesem plastischen, noch nicht vulkanisierten Material jedoch nicht mit der Form der Öffnung 25 identisch. Bei dieser Fertigung entsteht in der Regel ein mehr oder weniger geneigter und krümmter spiralförmiger Schirm 6. Dieser Schirm 6 erhält meistens eine Form, bei der er näher am Strunk 2 dicker ist und zum Rand des Schirmes 6 dünner wird. Die Änderung der Drehgeschwindigkeit kann bei gleichartiger Öffnung 25 zu einem anders geformten Schirmquerschnitt 17 führen. In den Teildarstellungen 4a bis 4d werden verschiedene Varianten der Öffnung 25 und die daraus resultierenden Schirmquerschnitte 17 dargestellt. Mit einfachen Mitteln kann daher die Zahl, Größe und Form der spiralförmigen Schirme 6 beeinflußt werden.Basically, the shape and size of the opening 25 determines the cross section the screen cover 4. The resulting screen cross section 17 is in this plastic, not yet vulcanized material but not with the shape of the Opening 25 identical. This production usually results in more or less inclined and curved spiral screen 6. This screen 6 receives mostly a shape in which it is thicker closer to the trunk 2 and to the edge of the Screen 6 becomes thinner. The change in the speed of rotation can Similar opening 25 to a differently shaped screen cross section 17 to lead. In the partial representations 4a to 4d, different variants of the Opening 25 and the resulting screen cross sections 17 are shown. With simple means, therefore, the number, size and shape of the spiral Umbrellas 6 are affected.

Die Erfindung wurde vorstehend beispielhaft an einem Hochspannungsisolator für Freileitungen, am Herstellverfahren und anhand der für die Herstellung benötigten Vorrichtung näher erläutert. Selbstverständlich kann ein erfindungsgemäßer Verbundisolator als Hochspannungs- oder als Gehäuse für elektrische Apparate, insbesondere in Freiluftanwendungen, genutzt werden, wobei die verschiedensten Einsatzbereiche in Frage kommen. Die Erfindung kann auch vorteilhaft in solchen Fällen angewendet werden, wo konventionelle Isolatoren festgelegter Bauhöhe in atmosphärischen Verschmutzungsgebieten elektrische Probleme hinsichtlich Überschlägen bereiten. Mit Hilfe der Erfindung können Isolatoren gebaut werden, deren Kriechweg bei gleichbleibender Bauhöhe den atmosphärischen Bedingungen angepaßt werden können.The invention was exemplified above on a high voltage insulator for overhead lines, on the manufacturing process and on the basis of manufacturing required device explained in more detail. Of course, one can composite insulator according to the invention as a high voltage or as a housing for electrical apparatus, in particular in outdoor applications, are used, where the most diverse areas of application come into question. The invention can also be used advantageously in cases where conventional Insulators of a specified height in atmospheric pollution areas cause electrical problems with flashovers. With the help of the invention Insulators can be built whose creepage distance remains the same Height can be adapted to the atmospheric conditions.

Claims (35)

  1. Plastics composite insulator (1) including a shank (2) and at least one shield and cap, in which the shank includes a fibre-reinforced plastics core (3) and, around this core, a jacket (5) of a shielding sheath (4) and in which the shielding sheath (4) is formed by the jacket (5) and at least one shield (6) running spirally around the shank, characterised in that the shielding sheath (4) is formed in one part and without joints and in that it has a smooth surface without longitudinal seams and without transverse seams.
  2. Plastics composite insulator according to Claim 1, characterised in that the upper side (7) of the spiral shields (6) is convexly shaped.
  3. Plastics composite insulator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the lower side (8) of the spiral shields (6) is concavely shaped.
  4. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the lower side (8) of the spiral shields (6) has a corrugation or at least one rib or at least one channel.
  5. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the chord of the cross-sectional area intersecting the upper side of the shields in the longitudinal direction (L) forms an angle α of 30° to 80° with the longitudinal direction (L).
  6. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the plastics core is reinforced by fibres of low-alkali glass.
  7. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the shielding sheath (4) contains rubber which is vulcanisable at elevated temperature.
  8. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the spiral shields (6) have runouts (15) laterally towards caps.
  9. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that at least one spiral shield (6) is interrupted in the central region of the shank (2) and has runouts (15) to the sides of this interruption or a reduced projection (13) in the region of the interruption.
  10. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that at least one spiral shield (6) is provided with a shield cross-section (17) varying over the length.
  11. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that, only at a relatively great distance from a cap, is at least one spiral shield (6) with a runout (15) formed on.
  12. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it has at least two spiral shields (6) having a different shield cross-section (17) from one another.
  13. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that, at least in one region of the shank (2), it is provided with a close succession of shield portions in longitudinal section - similar to a comb.
  14. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that at least one plate-shaped shield (18) is formed on or applied to the shank, at least at one end (16) of the shank.
  15. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the spiral shields (6) - except at the ends of the runouts (15) - have a projection (13) at right angles to the shank (2) from the surface of the jacket (9), the projection being from 5 to 100 mm, in particular from 10 to 70 mm, particularly preferably from 15 to 40 mm.
  16. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the distance (12) between two shield portions in the longitudinal direction L, measured close to the surface of the jacket, is 5 to 1000 mm, in particular 10 to 500 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 100 mm.
  17. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the plastics core is of cylindrical, bulgingly curved or of conical shape.
  18. Plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the plastics core is a solid rod or a hollow body.
  19. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterised in that an adhesive agent is applied to a fibre-reinforced plastics core (3), in that the plastic core pretreated in this way is introduced into an-extruder (21) or into a ram press having a feed head (22) with a rotatable die (23), in that the transporting speed of the plastics core is coupled with the rotating speed of the rotatable die, in that the composition (24) for producing the shielding sheath (4) is compressed around the pretreated plastics core and is forced through the rotatable die, so that the pretreated plastics core is provided in the longitudinal direction with a one-part shielding sheath comprising a jacket and a shield/shields in the form of one or more spirals.
  20. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterised in that an adhesive agent is applied to a fibre-reinforced plastics core (3), in that the plastic cores pretreated in this way is introduced in a rotating manner into an extruder (21) or into a ram press having a feed head (22) with a die (23a), in that the transporting speed of the plastics core is coupled with its rotating speed, in that the composition (24) for producing the shielding sheath (4) is compressed around the pretreated plastics core and is forced through the opening (25) of the die, so that the pretreated plastics core is provided in the longitudinal direction with a one-part shielding sheath comprising a jacket and a shield/shields in the form of one or more spirals.
  21. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to Claim 19, characterised in that the plastics core (3) is introduced in a rotating manner into an extruder (21) or into a ram press and in that the transporting speed of the plastics core is coupled with its rotating speed.
  22. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to Claim 19 or 20, characterised in that an adhesive agent is applied to the plastics core (3), before sheathing with composition (24), by spraying on, spreading on or immersing.
  23. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 19 to 21, characterised in that a silane-based adhesive agent is used.
  24. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 19 to 22, characterised in that the size or/and the shape of the opening (25) of a die (23, 23a) is changed during extrusion.
  25. Process for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 19 to 23, characterised in that the spiral shields are pressed laterally towards caps, with runouts (15).
  26. Process for producing a plastic composite insulator according to one of Claims 19 to 23, characterised in that the ends of the spiral shields are bevelled, rounded off or worked off, laterally towards caps, to form runouts (15).
  27. Process for producing a plastic composite insulator according to one of Claims 19 to 25, characterised in that the plastics core is bonded to the shielding sheath by vulcanising.
  28. Apparatus (20) for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 18, which includes an extruder (21) or a ram press, a feed head (22), a die (23 or 23a) with opening (25) and a transporting device (26) for the plastics core, characterised in that the die is equipped with a rotating device (27).
  29. Apparatus (20) for producing a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 18, which includes an extruder (21) or a ram press, a feed head (22), a die (23 or 23a) with opening (25) and a transporting device (26) for the plastics core, characterised in that the transporting device is equipped with a rotating device (27a) for the plastics core.
  30. Apparatus according to Claim 28 or 29, characterised in that the die (23 or 23a) includes a profile disc (29) which is resiliently mounted and has an opening (25).
  31. Apparatus according to one of Claims 28 to 30, characterised in that the opening has a circular cutout (30) which is arranged centrally with respect to the transporting axis of the plastics core and merges in a radial or angled-off direction with at least one approximately peg-shaped extension (31).
  32. Apparatus according to Claim 31, characterised in that the opening (25) has, in the region of the approximately peg-shaped extension (31), at least one constriction or at least one second extension (32) branching off from this extension.
  33. Apparatus according to one of Claims 30 to 32, characterised in that the opening (25) is provided with a device (28) by which the opening can be changed in size or/and in shape during operation.
  34. Apparatus according to one of Claims 30 to 32, characterised in that the circular cutout (30) of the opening (25) has a diameter which is at least 0.2 mm greater than the diameter of the plastics core at the associated point during transportation through the opening.
  35. Use of a plastics composite insulator according to one of Claims 1 to 18 as a high-voltage insulator or as a housing for electrical equipment, in particular in outdoor applications.
EP97112500A 1996-07-24 1997-07-22 Plastic composite insulator with spiral skirt and its manufacturing method Expired - Lifetime EP0821373B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19629796 1996-07-24
DE19629796A DE19629796C5 (en) 1996-07-24 1996-07-24 Plastic composite insulator with a spiral shield and process for its production

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0821373A1 EP0821373A1 (en) 1998-01-28
EP0821373B1 true EP0821373B1 (en) 2003-04-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97112500A Expired - Lifetime EP0821373B1 (en) 1996-07-24 1997-07-22 Plastic composite insulator with spiral skirt and its manufacturing method

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Country Link
US (1) US5925855A (en)
EP (1) EP0821373B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4205186B2 (en)
DE (2) DE19629796C5 (en)
HU (1) HU223912B1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA976531B (en)

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US6657128B2 (en) * 2001-01-29 2003-12-02 Mcgraw-Edison Company Hydrophobic properties of polymer housings
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUP9701262A2 (en) 1998-04-28
DE59709669D1 (en) 2003-05-08
HUP9701262A3 (en) 1999-10-28
DE19629796A1 (en) 1998-01-29
JP4205186B2 (en) 2009-01-07
ZA976531B (en) 1998-01-26
DE19629796C2 (en) 1998-07-16
EP0821373A1 (en) 1998-01-28
HU223912B1 (en) 2005-03-29
DE19629796C5 (en) 2004-12-16
JPH1097817A (en) 1998-04-14
HU9701262D0 (en) 1997-09-29
US5925855A (en) 1999-07-20

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