EP0818250B1 - Method for rolling rails from preliminary sections - Google Patents
Method for rolling rails from preliminary sections Download PDFInfo
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- EP0818250B1 EP0818250B1 EP97110607A EP97110607A EP0818250B1 EP 0818250 B1 EP0818250 B1 EP 0818250B1 EP 97110607 A EP97110607 A EP 97110607A EP 97110607 A EP97110607 A EP 97110607A EP 0818250 B1 EP0818250 B1 EP 0818250B1
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- Prior art keywords
- stand
- preliminary
- section
- rolling
- group
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/085—Rail sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/10—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel in a single two-high or universal rolling mill stand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/14—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel in a non-continuous process, i.e. at least one reversing stand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/42—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for step-by-step or planetary rolling
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for rolling finished profiles from a Pre-profile by means of a roll stand arrangement working in reversing mode, the one compact rolling group, consisting of an input-side first universal stand, an output-side second universal scaffold and one, between forms this universal scaffolding arranged intermediate intermediate frame, the Compact rolling group, offset, parallel to its rolling line one, two or more rolling stands existing pre-rolling group with free rolling material outlet and one, arranged between the two rolling lines transverse displacement device.
- the large number of shape calibers required for roughing requires this Rolling mills with large reversing stands and because of the large number of shape calibers large bale lengths of the rollers as well as complex equipment for the introduction of the rolled stock in the different calibers.
- the large rolling lengths are essential long rolling times and therefore do not allow the rolling time in the continuous road on the working time cycle e.g. one that provides the initial profile Coordinate continuous casting plant, which is why for such a combined operation Large interim storage facilities must always be available. For those with roughing subsequent fully continuous rolling are then at least six to eight roll stands and the associated drives required. Furthermore different temperatures can be achieved in the continuous rolling processes do not avoid over the length of the roll.
- the invention has for its object a roll stand arrangement of the above to design and operate the generic construction described, that the same advantages are achieved when rolling rails as before achieved with such roll stand arrangements when rolling other finished profiles were.
- Pre-profile and use of a vertical roll stand instead of the above Universal stand in the roughing group can also compress the roughing profile on both ends and the compression intermediate stand of the compact rolling group can have three optional calibres, the preliminary profile then being dimensioned such that its flange lugs 1.2 to 4 times the head width and the other flange correspond to 1.2 to 3 times the base width of the finished rail profile.
- the pre-profile in the roughing group can be reversed in three passes consecutively be preformed.
- VVG duo vertical scaffold
- FIG. 2 corresponds to that of FIG. 1 with the Provided that in the roughing group instead of the roughing mill stand VUG a duo vertical scaffold VVG is provided.
- Vignol rail made from a continuous casting pre-profile VP with Rectangular cross-section. This profile is in a first stitch U1 in the VUG universal stand of the roughing group using the profiled Horizontal rolls HW a by a distance d to the vertical Longitudinal center x-x of the preliminary profile VP offset chamber bay KB formed, wherein the vertical rollers VW the intended width of the cross section to back up.
- the choice caliber WH1 see Fig.
- a pre-profile VP reinforced at both ends a so-called dog-bone, which also comes from a Stranggußeinrichutng used.
- the Sequences in the roughing stand group correspond to those according to FIG. 3 with the proviso that the pre-profile VP after leaving the universal scaffold VUG again after the third stitch U3 through the first choice caliber WH1 of the intermediate compression mill VHG and then in the reversing direction with one stitch U4 and one Reversing stitch U5 through the universal scaffold, from this in one single stitch H3 through the second choice caliber (Fig. 4a) of the horizontal duo stand VHG and then via the cross conveyor QE into the compact rolling group with a sequence accordingly 3 using the two optional calibers WE1 and WE2 of the intermediate upsetting stand SZG according to FIG. 4b.
- the preliminary profile is then on the cross conveyor QG fed to the compact rolling group and in the first five stitches U1, E1, U2, U3, E2 in the, in FIGS. 3 and 4 treated way. Then follow in reversing Direction a stitch U4 and a reversing stitch U5 in the input side Universal scaffold EUG, to which a stitch in the E3, in this Case of third choice caliber WE3 of the compression intermediate stand SZG and on this, as in the previous cases the final stitch with the profiled horizontal rollers HW of the universal stand on the output side Connect AUG.
- the stitch distribution shown here between roughing group and Finishing roll group provides a very balanced distribution of the forming work on both roll groups, with more passes in the finish roll group be rolled; this is different from the previous one Example shown, three instead of two optional calibers in the finishing mill group necessary.
- the rolling pass map shown in Fig. 6 becomes a continuously cast pre-profile VP with one to be rolled Used rail-like plug-like cross-section, which, as indicated by dash-dotted lines, lying directly on the horizontal duo frame VHG fed to the roughing group and in this with successive reversing stitches R1, RH1 and H1 reduced so far is that it is the input-side via the transverse transport device QE EUG universal stand supplied to the compact rolling group can be.
- a pre-profile with lighter be used to cast trapezoidal cross-section is different in the roughing group than in the 6 the vertical duo stand VVG acc. Fig. 2 fed and in the subsequent stitches according to those after Fig. 6 shaped and finish rolled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht von einem Verfahren zum Walzen von Fertigprofilen aus einem Vorprofil mittels einer im Reversierbetrieb arbeitenden Walzgerüstanordnung aus, die eine Kompaktwalzgruppe, bestehend aus einem eingangsseitigen ersten Universalgerüst, einem ausgangsseitigen zweiten Universalgerüst und einem, zwischen diesen Universalgerüsten angeordneten Stauch-Zwischengerüst bildet, wobei der Kompaktwalzgruppe, querversetzt, parallel zu deren Walzlinie eine, aus zwei oder mehr Walzgerüsten bestehende Vorwalzgruppe mit freiem Walzgutauslauf und eine, zwischen beiden Walzlinien angeordnete Querverschiebeeinrichtung vorgeordnet ist.The invention is based on a method for rolling finished profiles from a Pre-profile by means of a roll stand arrangement working in reversing mode, the one compact rolling group, consisting of an input-side first universal stand, an output-side second universal scaffold and one, between forms this universal scaffolding arranged intermediate intermediate frame, the Compact rolling group, offset, parallel to its rolling line one, two or more rolling stands existing pre-rolling group with free rolling material outlet and one, arranged between the two rolling lines transverse displacement device.
Bei aus JP 06 335 701 und EP 653 253 bekannten Verfahren und nach diesen betriebenen Walzgerüstanordnungen werden z.B. von einer Stranggießanlage erzeugte Blöcke einem Zwischenlager zugeführt, in diesem auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt, qualitativ überprüft und nach erneutem Erwärmen auf Walzhitze in der Walzgerüstanordnung zu Fertigprofilen gewalzt. Nach dem Erwärmen auf Walzhitze werden die quaderförmigen Blöcke in der Vorwalzgruppe in einem Duo-Reversier-Gerüst und einem Universalgerüst vorwalzend vorgeformt. Die Fertigwalzung erfolgt in der Kompaktwalzgruppe.In methods known from JP 06 335 701 and EP 653 253 and operated according to these Roll stand arrangements are e.g. generated by a continuous caster Blocks are fed to an interim storage facility, cooled to room temperature, qualitatively checked and after reheating to heat in the rolling stand arrangement rolled into finished profiles. After warming up to rolling heat the cuboid blocks in the roughing group in a duo-reversing stand and preformed to form a universal stand. The finish rolling takes place in the compact rolling group.
Diese Walzverfahren setzten sich in dem vergangenen Jahrzehnt weitgehend für die Herstellung von I-, H- und U-Trägem sowie Winkelprofilen aller Art in der Walzwerkstechnik durch. Lediglich die Herstellung von Spezialprofilen, wie Schienen, die in einer Walzhitze zu möglichst großen Walzlängen ausgewalzt werden müssen, wurde durchweg weiter in vollkontinuierlichen Walzstraßen durchgeführt, obgleich diese Herstellungsart u.a. folgende Nachteile mit sich bringt:These rolling processes have largely been used in the past decade the production of I-, H- and U-beams as well as angle profiles of all kinds in the Through rolling mill technology. Only the production of special profiles, such as rails, which are rolled out to the greatest possible length in a rolling heat has been carried out consistently in fully continuous rolling mills, although this type of manufacture has the following disadvantages:
Die Vielzahl von für die Vorwalzung notwendigen Formkalibem erfordert für diese Walzstraßen große Reversiergerüste und wegen der Vielzahl der Formkaliber große Ballenlängen der Walzen sowie aufwendige Einrichtungen für das Einbringen des Walzgutes in die verschiedenen Kaliber. Die großen Walzlängen bedingen dabei lange Walzzeiten und erlauben es deshalb nicht, die Walzzeit in der kontinuierlichen Straße auf den Arbeitszeittakt z.B. einer, das Ausgangsprofil liefernden Stranggießanlage abzustimmen, weshalb für einen solchen Verbundbetrieb stets große Zwischenlager vorhanden sein müssen. Für die, an die Vorwalzung anschließende vollkontinuierliche Walzung sind dann mindestens sechs bis acht Walzgerüste und die dazu gehörenden Antriebe erforderlich. Darüber hinaus lassen sich bei den kontinuierlichen Walzvorgängen unterschiedliche Temperaturen über die Walzlänge nicht vermeiden. Es wurde deshalb schon vorgeschlagen (EP 307 606), Schienen mit Hilfe der anfangs beschriebenen Kompaktwalzgruppe und diesen vorgeordneten Walzgerüsten in der Weise zu walzen, dass ein Vorprofil in einem der Kompaktwalzgruppe vorgeordneten Stauch-Horizontalgerüst vorgeformt und anschließend in der, in der gleichen Walzlinie nachgeordneten Kompaktwalzgruppe, in durchgehenden Stich- und Reversierstichfolgen, jeweils in dem ersten Universalgerüst der Kompaktwalzgruppe bei Öffnungsdurchgang des Walzgutes durch die übrigen Walzgerüste dieser Kompaktwalzgruppe zu formen. Beim Walzen von Schienen auf diese Art in einer Kompaktwalzgruppe muß das Walzgut für die einzelnen Formschritte jeweils durch alle Gerüste der Kompaktwalzgruppe und des Vorgerüstes hindurchgeführt werden, wobei die Hauptformung durch die Walzen eines einzigen Gerüstes der Kompaktwalzgruppe zu leisten ist. Hinzu kommt, dass die leer durchlaufenen übrigen Walzgerüste, wenn die dazu notwendige, jedesmalige Öffnungsanstellung der Walzen dieser Gerüste vermieden werden soll, die Anordnung zusätzlicher seitlicher Öffnungsdurchgänge für das Walzgut an diesen Gerüsten erforderlich ist. The large number of shape calibers required for roughing requires this Rolling mills with large reversing stands and because of the large number of shape calibers large bale lengths of the rollers as well as complex equipment for the introduction of the rolled stock in the different calibers. The large rolling lengths are essential long rolling times and therefore do not allow the rolling time in the continuous road on the working time cycle e.g. one that provides the initial profile Coordinate continuous casting plant, which is why for such a combined operation Large interim storage facilities must always be available. For those with roughing subsequent fully continuous rolling are then at least six to eight roll stands and the associated drives required. Furthermore different temperatures can be achieved in the continuous rolling processes do not avoid over the length of the roll. It has therefore already been suggested (EP 307 606), rails with the aid of the compact rolling group described at the beginning and to roll these upstream rolling stands in such a way that a preliminary profile in a Stauch horizontal stand upstream of the compact rolling group preformed and then downstream in the same rolling line Compact rolling group, in continuous stitch and reversing stitch sequences, each in the first universal stand of the compact rolling group when the Form the rolling stock through the remaining stands of this compact rolling group. When rolling rails in this way in a compact rolling group, this must be done Rolled material for the individual forming steps through all stands of the compact rolling group and the roughing stand are passed, the main formation to accomplish by rolling a single stand of the compact rolling group is. Added to this is the fact that the remaining mill stands, when empty, when the necessary opening of the rollers of these stands every time the arrangement of additional lateral opening passages should be avoided is required for the rolling stock on these stands.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Walzgerüstanordnung der oben beschriebenen, gattungsgemäßen Bauweise so auszubilden und zu betreiben, dass beim Walzen von Schienen die gleichen Vorteile erzielt werden, die bisher mit solchen Walzgerüstanordnungen beim Walzen von anderen Fertigprofilen erreicht wurden.The invention has for its object a roll stand arrangement of the above to design and operate the generic construction described, that the same advantages are achieved when rolling rails as before achieved with such roll stand arrangements when rolling other finished profiles were.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass bei Ausstattung der Vorwalzgruppe mit einem Universalgerüst und einem, zwei Wahlkaliber aufweisenden Horizontalgerüst und des Stauchzwischengerüstes der Kompaktwalzgruppe ebenfalls mit zwei Wahlkalibem die Formung eines rechteckigen Vorprofils zu einem Schienenprofil durch mehrere Stiche und Reversierstiche zwischen dem Universalgerüst und dem Horizontalgerüst pro Walzgruppe eingeleitet wird, wobei profilierte Horizontalwalzen des Universalgerüstes in das Profil zwei, einander gegenüberliegende, versetzt zur Profillängsmitte verlaufende Kammerbuchten bilden, wobei, jeweils anschließend durch das eine oder das andere Wahlkaliber des Horizontalgerüstes der Vorwalzgruppe seitlich der Kammerbuchten die Kopf- und Flanschansätze des entstehenden Schienenprofils vorgeformt und formreduziert, das entstehende Schienenprofil reversierend nach drei oder mehr Stichen im eingangsseitigen Universalgerüst der Kompaktwalzgruppe und den beiden Wahlkalibern des Stauchzwischengerüstes in einem weiteren Stich durch das ausgangsseitige Universalgerüst zum Schienenprofil fertiggewalzt wird.This object is achieved in the generic method in that when the roughing group is equipped with a universal scaffold and a horizontal scaffold with two optional calibers and the compression intermediate stand of the compact rolling group also with two optional calibers the formation of a rectangular pre-profile to a rail profile several stitches and reversing stitches between the universal frame and the horizontal frame is initiated per rolling group, with profiled horizontal rolling of the Universal scaffolding in the profile two, opposite each other, offset to the profile longitudinal center form running chamber bays, whereby, each afterwards by one or the other optional caliber of the horizontal stand of the roughing group to the side of the chamber bays are the head and flange attachments of the resulting rail profile preformed and reduced in shape, the resulting rail profile reversing after three or more stitches in the input stand of the compact roller group and the two optional calibres of the upsetting intermediate frame in one Another pass through the exit-side universal stand to the finished rail profile becomes.
Bei Verwendung eines dog-bone-geformten Vorprofils anstelle des obengenannten rechteckigen Vorprofils können entsprechend dem oben geschilderten Verfahren die mittigen Ausbuchtungen des Vorprofils durch die Profilwalzen des Universalgerüstes der Vorwalzgruppe zu den Kammerbuchten gebildet werden.When using a dog-bone-shaped pre-profile instead of the above rectangular pre-profile can according to the procedure outlined above Central bulges of the preliminary profile through the profile rollers of the universal frame the roughing group to form the chamber bays.
Bei Verwendung eines schienenprofilähnlichen Vorprofils anstelle eines rechteckigen Vorprofils und Verwendung eines Vertikalwalzgerüstes anstelle des obengenannten Universalgerüstes in der Vorwalzgruppe kann das Vorprofil auch beidendig stauchend beaufschlagt werden und das Stauchzwischengerüst der Kompaktwalzgruppe kann drei Wahlkaliber aufweisen, wobei das Vorprofil dann so bemessen ist, daß seine Flanschansätze dem 1,2- bis 4-Fachen der Kopfbreite und der andere Flansch dem 1,2- bis 3-Fachen der Fußbreite des fertigen Schienenprofils entsprechen.When using a rail profile-like pre-profile instead of a rectangular one Pre-profile and use of a vertical roll stand instead of the above Universal stand in the roughing group can also compress the roughing profile on both ends and the compression intermediate stand of the compact rolling group can have three optional calibres, the preliminary profile then being dimensioned such that its flange lugs 1.2 to 4 times the head width and the other flange correspond to 1.2 to 3 times the base width of the finished rail profile.
Bei der Verwendung eines Vorprofils mit pfropfenartigem Querschnitt anstelle eines rechteckigen Vorprofils und Verwendung nur eines Duo-Horizontalgerüstes als Vorgerüst kann das Vorprofil in der Vorwalzgruppe reversierend in drei Stichen aufeinanderfolgend vorgeformt werden.When using a pre-profile with a plug-like cross-section instead of one rectangular pre-section and use of only one duo horizontal stand as a pre-stand the pre-profile in the roughing group can be reversed in three passes consecutively be preformed.
Bei Verwendung eines Vorprofils mit trapezförmigem Querschnitt anstelle eines rechteckigen Vorprofils und Verwendung eines Duo-Vertikalgerüstes (VVG) als Vorgerüst kann das Vorprofil in der Vorwalzgruppe reversierend in drei Stichen aufeinanderfolgend vorgeformt werden. When using a pre-profile with a trapezoidal cross-section instead of one rectangular pre-profile and use of a duo vertical scaffold (VVG) as a pre-scaffold the pre-profile in the roughing group can be reversed in three passes consecutively be preformed.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine Walzgerüstanordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in der Draufsicht in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 2
- eine andere Ausbildung der Walzgerüstanordnung nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3, 3a, 3b u. Fig. 4, 4a, 4b
- Walzstichpläne zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit der Walzgerüstanordnung nach Fig. 1, und
- Fig. 5, 5a, 5b 6 und 7
- Walzstichpläne zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einer Walzgerüstanordnung nach Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1
- a roll stand arrangement for performing the method in plan view in a schematic representation,
- Fig. 2
- another embodiment of the roll stand arrangement according to FIG. 1,
- 3, 3a, 3b u. 4, 4a, 4b
- Rolling plans for carrying out the method with the rolling stand arrangement according to FIG. 1, and
- 5, 5a, 5b 6 and 7
- Rolling plans for carrying out the method with a roll stand arrangement according to FIG. 2.
Die Walzgerüstanordnung nach Fig. 1 weist eine Stranggießanlage STG auf, der ein Nachwärm- und Pufferofen PO und diesem eine Entzunderungseinrichtung EE nachgeordnet sind. Die so vorbehandelten, aus der Stranggießanlage STG kommenden Vorprofile werden über einen Rollgang R1 der Vorwalzgruppe zugeführt, die hier aus einem Universalgerüst VUG und einem Horizontal-Duogerüst VHG besteht. Über eine hinter dieser Vorwalzgruppe angeordnete Quer-Fördereinrichtung QE wird das vorgewalzte Vorprofil dann der Kompaktwalzgruppe zugeführt, die aus einem eingangsseitigen Universalgerüst EUG, einem ausgangsseitigen Universalgerüst AUG und einem, zwischen diesen angeordneten Stauch-Zwischengerüst SZG besteht.1 has a continuous caster STG on a post-heating and buffer furnace PO and this a descaling device EE are subordinate. The so pretreated from of the continuous casting machine STG coming pre-profiles Roller table R1 fed to the roughing group, which here consists of a universal stand VUG and a horizontal duo scaffold VHG. Over a Cross conveyor QE arranged behind this roughing group the pre-rolled pre-profile is then fed to the compact rolling group, that consists of an input-side universal scaffold EUG, an output-side Universal scaffold AUG and one arranged between them Compression intermediate frame SZG exists.
Die Ausbildung nach Fig. 2 entspricht der nach Fig. 1 mit der Maßgabe, daß in der Vorwalzgruppe anstelle des Vorwalzuniversalgerüstes VUG ein Duo-Vertikalgerüst VVG vorgesehen ist. 2 corresponds to that of FIG. 1 with the Provided that in the roughing group instead of the roughing mill stand VUG a duo vertical scaffold VVG is provided.
Der Walz-Stichplan nach Fig. 3 zeigt die Stichfolgen für die Erzeugung einer sog. Vignol-Schiene aus einem Strangguß-Vorprofil VP mit Rechteckquerschnitt. In diesem Profil wird in einem ersten Stich U1 im Universalgerüst VUG der Vorwalzgruppe mit Hilfe der profilierten Horizontalwalzen HW eine, um einen Abstand d zur vertikalen Längsmitte x-x des Vorprofils VP versetzte Kammerbucht KB gebildet, wobei die Vertikalwalzen VW die vorgesehene Breite des Querschnitts sichern. Im folgenden Stich H1 wird im Wahlkaliber WH1 (vgl. Fig. 3a) des Horizontal-Duo-Gerüstes VHG der Vorwalzgruppe und in einem folgenden Reversierstich RH1 die Massenverteilung im Vorprofil-Querschnitt im Hinblick auf die Bildung eines querschnittgerechten Schienenvorprofils bewirkt. Diese Massenverteilung unter Vergrößerung der Kammerbucht KB wird dann in einem folgenden Stich U2, in der Reversierrichtung durch das Universalgerüst VUG, einem anschließenden Reversierstich U3 durch dieses Gerüst, einem anschließenden Stich H2 und einem Reversierstich RH2 durch das zweite Wahlkaliber des Horizontal-Duogerüstes VHG, sowie einem folgenden Stich U4 und einen anschließenden Reversierstich U5 wieder durch das Universalgerüst VUG und einen anschließenden, abschließenden Stich H3 durch das zweite Wahlkaliber WH2 des Horizontal-Duogerüstes VHG aus der Vorwalzgruppe heraus über die Querverschiebeeinrichtung QE mit einem Stich U1 in das eingangsseitige Universalgerüst EUG der Kompaktwalzgruppe eingeführt und mit einem weiteren Stich E1 dem Wahlkaliber WE1 (vgl. Fig. 3b) des Stauchzwischengerüstes SZG zugeführt und von diesem für einen Stich U2 und einen reversierenden Stich U3 erneut in das eingangsseitige Universalgerüst EUG eingebracht und dann, folgend noch einmal in das Stauch-Zwischengerüst SZG, diesmal in dessen zweites Wahlkaliber WE2 (vgl. Fig. 3b) geführt und dann im ausgangsseitigen Universalgerüst AUG in dessen profilierten Horizontalwalzen HW in einem Stich zu dem Vignol-Schienenquerschnitt fertiggewalzt wird.3 shows the stitch sequences for the generation a so-called. Vignol rail made from a continuous casting pre-profile VP with Rectangular cross-section. This profile is in a first stitch U1 in the VUG universal stand of the roughing group using the profiled Horizontal rolls HW a by a distance d to the vertical Longitudinal center x-x of the preliminary profile VP offset chamber bay KB formed, wherein the vertical rollers VW the intended width of the cross section to back up. In the following stitch H1, the choice caliber WH1 (see Fig. 3a) of the horizontal duo stand VHG of the roughing group and in one following reversing stitch RH1 the mass distribution in the pre-profile cross-section with regard to the formation of a cross-sectional Rail pre-profile causes. This mass distribution under enlargement the chamber bay KB is then in a following stitch U2, in the reversing direction through the universal scaffold VUG, a subsequent one Reversing stitch U3 through this scaffolding, a subsequent one Stitch H2 and a reversing stitch RH2 through the second caliber of the horizontal duo scaffolding VHG, as well as a subsequent stitch U4 and a subsequent reversing stitch U5 through the universal scaffold VUG and a subsequent, final stitch H3 the second choice caliber WH2 of the horizontal duo stand VHG from the Roughing group out over the cross shifting device QE with a Stitch U1 in the input-side universal stand EUG of the compact rolling group introduced and with another stitch E1 the election caliber WE1 (see. Fig. 3b) of the compression intermediate frame SZG fed and from this for a stitch U2 and a reversing stitch U3 again inserted into the input-side universal scaffold EUG and then, then again in the Stauch intermediate scaffold, this time in whose second election caliber WE2 (see. Fig. 3b) and then in AUG universal stand in its profiled horizontal rollers HW in one stitch to the Vignol rail cross-section is finish-rolled.
Wie aus der vorstehenden Darstellung ersichtlich, wird in der Vorgerüstgruppe aus dem Rechteckquerschnitt eine unsymmetrische Materialverteilung vorgenommen, die der für das Anstichprofil der folgenden Fertigwalzgruppe notwendigen Massenverteilung entspricht.As can be seen from the above illustration, in the Roughing group from the rectangular cross section an asymmetrical Material distribution made for the tapping profile of the the following finishing roll group corresponds to the necessary mass distribution.
Beim Walzen nach dem in Fig. 4 wiedergegebenen Walzstichplan wird ein, an beiden Enden verstärktes Vorprofil VP ein sog. dog-bone, das ebenfalls aus einer Stranggußeinrichutng kommt, verwendet. Die Stichfolgen in der Vorgerüstgruppe entsprechen denen nach Fig. 3 mit der Maßgabe, daß das Vorprofil VP nach dem Verlassen des Universalgerüstes VUG nach dem dritten Stich U3 noch einmal durch das erste Wahlkaliber WH1 des Zwischenstauchgerüstes VHG geführt wird und dann in reversierender Richtung mit einem Stich U4 und einem Reversierstich U5 durch das Universalgerüst, von diesem in einem einzigen Stich H3 durch das zweite Wahlkaliber (Fig. 4a) des Horizontal-Duogerüstes VHG und anschließend über die Quer-Fördereinrichtung QE in die Kompaktwalzgruppe mit einer Stichfolge entsprechend der Darstellung nach Fig. 3 unter Verwendung der beiden Wahlkaliber WE1 und WE2 des Zwischenstauchgerüstes SZG gemäß Fig. 4b.When rolling according to the rolling pass map shown in Fig. 4 a pre-profile VP reinforced at both ends a so-called dog-bone, which also comes from a Stranggußeinrichutng used. The Sequences in the roughing stand group correspond to those according to FIG. 3 with the proviso that the pre-profile VP after leaving the universal scaffold VUG again after the third stitch U3 through the first choice caliber WH1 of the intermediate compression mill VHG and then in the reversing direction with one stitch U4 and one Reversing stitch U5 through the universal scaffold, from this in one single stitch H3 through the second choice caliber (Fig. 4a) of the horizontal duo stand VHG and then via the cross conveyor QE into the compact rolling group with a sequence accordingly 3 using the two optional calibers WE1 and WE2 of the intermediate upsetting stand SZG according to FIG. 4b.
Nach dem Walzstichplan gemäß Fig. 5 wird ein stranggegossenes, bereits unsymmetrisches Vorprofil VP dem Vertikal-Duogerüst VVG in einem Stich V1 zugeführt und dabei gestaucht. Diesem Stich folgt ein Stich H1 im Horizontal-Duo-Gerüst VHG, diesem in reversierender Richtung ein weiterer Stich V2 und ein Reversierstich V3 im Vertikal-Duo-Gerüst VVG, an den sich ein Stich H2 und ein Stich RH2 im zweiten Wahlkaliber WH2 des Vertikal-Duogerüstes VHG, ein Folgestich V4 im Vertikal-Duo-Gerüst und an diesen, reversierend ein weiterer Stich H2 in den zweiten Wahlkaliber WH2 des Vertikal-DuoGerüstes VHG anschließen. Das Vorprofil wird dann über die Quer-Fördereinrichtung QG der Kompaktwalzgruppe zugeführt und in den ersten fünf Stichen U1, E1, U2, U3, E2 in der, in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten Weise behandelt. Anschließend folgen in reversierender Richtung ein Stich U4 und ein Reversierstich U5 im eingangsseitigen Universalgerüst EUG, an die sich ein Stich E3 im, in diesem Fall dritten Wahlkaliber WE3 des Stauchzwischengerüstes SZG und an diesen, wie in den vorhergehenden Fällen der Fertigstich mit den profilierten Horizontalwalzen HW des ausgangsseitigen Universalgerüstes AUG anschließen.5, a continuously cast, already asymmetrical pre-profile VP the vertical duo scaffold VVG in fed a stitch V1 and compressed in the process. Follow this stitch a stitch H1 in the horizontal duo frame VHG, this in reversing Towards another stitch V2 and a reversing stitch V3 in the vertical duo frame VVG, to which a stitch H2 and a stitch RH2 in the second choice caliber WH2 of the vertical duo stand VHG, a follow-up stitch V4 in and on the vertical duo scaffolding, reversing Another stitch H2 in the second optional caliber WH2 of the vertical duo scaffold Connect VHG. The preliminary profile is then on the cross conveyor QG fed to the compact rolling group and in the first five stitches U1, E1, U2, U3, E2 in the, in FIGS. 3 and 4 treated way. Then follow in reversing Direction a stitch U4 and a reversing stitch U5 in the input side Universal scaffold EUG, to which a stitch in the E3, in this Case of third choice caliber WE3 of the compression intermediate stand SZG and on this, as in the previous cases the final stitch with the profiled horizontal rollers HW of the universal stand on the output side Connect AUG.
Die hier dargestellte Stichverteilung zwischen Vorwalzgruppe und Fertigwalzgruppe stellt eine sehr ausgewogene Verteilung der Umformarbeit auf beide Walzgruppen dar, wobei mehr Stiche in der Fertigwalzgruppe gewalzt werden; hierzu sind, anders als beim vorhergehend dargestellten Beispiel, drei statt zwei Wahlkaliber in der Fertigwalzgruppe notwendig. Beim in Fig. 6 dargestellten Walzstichplan wird ein stranggegossenes Vorprofil VP mit einem, dem zu walzenden Schienenprofil ähnlichen pfropfenartigen Querschnitt verwendet, das, wie strichpunktiert angedeutet, liegend unmittelbar dem Horizontal-Duo-Gerüst VHG der Vorwalzgruppe zugeführt und in diesem mit aufeinanderfolgenden reversierenden Stichen R1, RH1 und H1 so weit reduziert wird, daß es über die Quertransporteinrichtung QE dem eingangsseitigen Universalgerüst EUG der Kompaktwalzgruppe zugeführt werden kann. Nach dem Stich U1 in diesem Gerüst folgt ein Stich E1 durch das erste Wahlkaliber WE1 des Stauchzwischengerüstes SZG (vgl. Fig. 6a) und dann, in reversierenden Richtung ein weiterer Stich U2 durch das eingangsseitige Universalgerüst EUG und ein Reversierstich U3 durch dasselbe Gerüst, von dem dann ein weiterer Stich E2 durch das zweite Wahlkaliber WE2 des Stauchzwischengerüstes SZG und diesem der Fertigstich durch das ausgangsseitige Universalgerüst AUG folgen. Durch die Art der Massenverteilung im stranggegossenen Vorprofil ist bei diesem Walzstichplan nur eine Vorwalzung in drei Stichen im Duo-Horizontalgerüst VHG der Vorwalzgruppe notwendig und die Fertigwalzung in der Kompaktwalzgruppe entspricht der in Fig. 4 erläuterten Folge mit zwei Wahlkalibern im Stauchzwischengerüst.The stitch distribution shown here between roughing group and Finishing roll group provides a very balanced distribution of the forming work on both roll groups, with more passes in the finish roll group be rolled; this is different from the previous one Example shown, three instead of two optional calibers in the finishing mill group necessary. In the rolling pass map shown in Fig. 6 becomes a continuously cast pre-profile VP with one to be rolled Used rail-like plug-like cross-section, which, as indicated by dash-dotted lines, lying directly on the horizontal duo frame VHG fed to the roughing group and in this with successive reversing stitches R1, RH1 and H1 reduced so far is that it is the input-side via the transverse transport device QE EUG universal stand supplied to the compact rolling group can be. After the stitch U1 in this frame, there is a stitch E1 through the first optional caliber WE1 of the intermediate compression stand SZG (cf. Fig. 6a) and then, in the reversing direction, another stitch U2 through the EUG universal scaffold on the input side and a reversing stitch U3 through the same scaffold, from which another stitch E2 through the second choice caliber WE2 of the compression intermediate stand SZG and the final stitch through the universal scaffold on the output side Follow AUG. By the type of mass distribution in the continuous cast With this rolling pass plan, the preliminary profile is only one preliminary roll in three Stitches in the VHG duo horizontal stand of the roughing group necessary and the finish rolling in the compact rolling group corresponds to that in Fig. 4 explained sequence with two calibres in the intermediate compression frame.
Da das beim Walzstichplan nach Fig. 6 verwendete Vorprofil mit pfropfenartigem Querschnitt stranggußtechnisch schwierig herzustellen ist, kann, wie Fig. 7 zeigt, auch ein Vorprofil mit leichter zu gießendem trapezförmigem Querschnitt vewendet werden. Ein solcher Anstichquerschnitt wird in der Vorwalzgruppe, anders als beim Walzstichplan nach Fig. 6 dem Vertikal-Duogerüst VVG gem. Fig. 2 zugeführt und in den anschließenden Stichen entsprechend denen nach Fig. 6 geformt und fertiggewalzt.Since the pre-profile used in the rolling pass plan according to FIG plug-like cross-section difficult to manufacture continuously is, as shown in FIG. 7, a pre-profile with lighter be used to cast trapezoidal cross-section. Such a Tapping cross-section is different in the roughing group than in the 6 the vertical duo stand VVG acc. Fig. 2 fed and in the subsequent stitches according to those after Fig. 6 shaped and finish rolled.
Claims (5)
- Working method for the rolling of rails from a preliminary section in a roll stand arrangement, which works in reversing operation, for the rolling of preliminary sections, which comprises in a first rolling line a compact rolling group, consisting of a first universal stand (EUG) at the entry side, a second universal stand (AUG) at the exit side and an upsetting intermediate stand (SZG) arranged between these universal stands, and arranged upstream of which transversely offset and parallelly in a second rolling line is a preliminary rolling group, which consists of two or more roll stands, with a free roll stock outlet and a transverse displacing device arranged between the two rolling lines, characterised in that in the case of equipping the preliminary rolling group with a universal stand (VUG) and a horizontal stand (VHG), which comprises two selecting grooves (WH1; WH2), and of the upsetting intermediate stand (SZG) of the compact rolling group similarly with two selecting grooves (WE1, WE2), the forming of a rectangular preliminary section (VP) into a rail profile is initiated by several passes and reversing passes between the universal stand (VUG) and the horizontal stand (VHG) of the preliminary rolling group, wherein profiled horizontal rolls (HW) of the universal stand (VUG) form two mutually opposite chamber bays (KB), which extend offset relative to the centre of the section length, in the section and that in each case the head and flange extensions, which are disposed laterally of the chamber bays (KB), of the resulting rail section are subsequently preliminarily shaped and reduced in shape by the one or other selecting groove (WH1; WH2) of the horizontal stand (VHG) of the preliminary rolling group and the resulting rail section is finish-rolled into the rail section in reversing manner after three or more passes in the entry-side universal stand (EUG) of the compact rolling group and the two selecting grooves (WE1; WE2) of the upsetting intermediate stand (SZG) in a further pass through the exit-side universal stand (AUG).
- Working method according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of use of a dogbone-shaped preliminary section (VP) instead of a rectangular preliminary section the central convexities of the preliminary section (VP) are formed into the chamber bays (KB) by the profiling rolls (HW) of the universal stand (VUG).
- Working method according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of use of a preliminary section (VP), which is similar to a rail section, instead of a rectangular preliminary section and a vertical roll stand (VVG) instead of the universal stand in the preliminary rolling group the preliminary section (VG) is acted on in upsetting manner at both ends and the upsetting intermediate stand (SZG) of the compact rolling group has three selecting grooves (WE1, WE2, WE3), wherein the preliminary section (VP) is so dimensioned that its flange extensions correspond to 1.2 to 4 times the head width and the other flange corresponds to 1.2 to 3 times the foot width of the finished rail section.
- Working method according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of use of a preliminary section (VP) with a plug-shaped cross-section instead of a rectangular preliminary section and use of only one two-high horizontal stand (VHG) as preliminary stand the preliminary section is preshaped in the preliminary rolling group in reversing manner in three passes succeeding one another.
- Working method according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of use of a preliminary profile (VP) with a trapezium-shaped cross-section instead of a rectangular preliminary section and use of a two-high vertical stand (WG) as preliminary stand the preliminary profile is preshaped in the preliminary rolling group in reversing manner in three passes succeeding one another.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19628369A DE19628369A1 (en) | 1996-07-13 | 1996-07-13 | Process for rolling finished profiles from a preliminary profile |
| DE19628369 | 1996-07-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0818250A2 EP0818250A2 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| EP0818250A3 EP0818250A3 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
| EP0818250B1 true EP0818250B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
Family
ID=7799799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97110607A Expired - Lifetime EP0818250B1 (en) | 1996-07-13 | 1997-06-28 | Method for rolling rails from preliminary sections |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5904061A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0818250B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4402749B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100475693B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1082404C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE213669T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19628369A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2173354T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6205834B1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2001-03-27 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method of rolling finished sections from preliminary sections in reversing roll stand arrangements |
| TW355149B (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1999-04-01 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | A method of rolling pre-formed steel into finished steel using a roller frame device in reciprocating motion |
| DE19747656A1 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-05-12 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Rolling system for rolling all types of finished profiles |
| US6293133B1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-09-25 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method of rolling finished sections from preliminary sections in reversing roll stand arrangements |
| IT1315029B1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2003-01-27 | Danieli Off Mecc | METHOD AND LINE FOR THE LAMINATION OF RAILS OR OTHER SECTIONS |
| ITMI20021594A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-19 | Danieli Off Mecc | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HOT ROLLING OF RAILS |
| CN100369682C (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2008-02-20 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method of parallel rolling by two roughing mills in the rough roll zone on hot rolling production line |
| JP2006334626A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-14 | Takigawa Kogyo Co Ltd | Method for inserting billet into reciprocating mill |
| CN101642773B (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-04-06 | 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 | Production line of special section wing rail and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102527714B (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2015-01-14 | 天津市宁河县隆昌异型轧钢厂 | Rolling method for T-shaped elevator guide rail and rolling pass system |
| DE102014115426B4 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2018-07-26 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Apparatus and method for continuously advancing metal bands to a profile of longitudinally variable cross-section |
| CN106140814B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-08-28 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | The big-and-middle reversible big mill of proximate matter Stand Mill |
| CN106424138A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | Layout structure of universal rolling mill and rolling method |
| CN107199242B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2023-06-16 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Large-scale steel rolling production system and method |
| CN108067501B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-04-19 | 东北大学 | Operation roll of mill curve design method suitable for bloom and the big pressure of rectangular bloom high temperature |
| CN110586647B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-04-02 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Non-intermittent rolling method for rough rolling R1 rolling mill |
| DE102020203094A1 (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-16 | Sms Group Gmbh | Process for the production of metal supports with a hat profile |
| US20220373129A1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | John Powers, III | Arcuate mounting bracket and fabrication system |
| CN114042754A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-15 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Section rolling system and production method |
| CN114345928B (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-12-08 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Roughing pass system and rolling method for multi-specification forklift beams |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4337555A1 (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1995-05-11 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Method for rolling finished profiles from a preliminary profile by means of a roll stand arrangement working in reversing operation |
| US5664452A (en) * | 1909-11-04 | 1997-09-09 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method of rolling finished sections from a preliminary section in a reversing rolling stand arrangement |
| FR2515538B1 (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1985-05-17 | Sacilor | |
| JPS5921403A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-02-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Universal rolling method of rail |
| DE3627729C2 (en) * | 1986-08-16 | 1996-03-07 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Molded steel rolling mill |
| DE3730471A1 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-23 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | COMPACT ROLLING MILL AND WORKING METHOD FOR ROLLING MOLDED STEEL |
| JPH02290601A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-11-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | Rolling device train for rail or resembling shape steel |
| JPH0386301A (en) * | 1989-08-29 | 1991-04-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Rail rolling method |
| EP0535767B1 (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1996-02-07 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Rolling train for rolling section beams |
| JPH06335701A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1994-12-06 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and device for rolling shape steel |
| DE4415762A1 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-02 | Mannesmann Ag | Method and device for rolling beams from pre-profiles |
-
1996
- 1996-07-13 DE DE19628369A patent/DE19628369A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-06-28 ES ES97110607T patent/ES2173354T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-28 AT AT97110607T patent/ATE213669T1/en active
- 1997-06-28 DE DE59706476T patent/DE59706476D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-28 EP EP97110607A patent/EP0818250B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-10 KR KR1019970032024A patent/KR100475693B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-10 US US08/891,151 patent/US5904061A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-11 JP JP18672097A patent/JP4402749B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-11 CN CN97114510A patent/CN1082404C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5904061A (en) | 1999-05-18 |
| DE19628369A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
| EP0818250A2 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| KR100475693B1 (en) | 2005-07-12 |
| EP0818250A3 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
| JP4402749B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
| JPH1058001A (en) | 1998-03-03 |
| ES2173354T3 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
| DE59706476D1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
| CN1172701A (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| ATE213669T1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
| KR980008368A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| CN1082404C (en) | 2002-04-10 |
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