EP0818246B1 - Powder atomizer - Google Patents

Powder atomizer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0818246B1
EP0818246B1 EP97111148A EP97111148A EP0818246B1 EP 0818246 B1 EP0818246 B1 EP 0818246B1 EP 97111148 A EP97111148 A EP 97111148A EP 97111148 A EP97111148 A EP 97111148A EP 0818246 B1 EP0818246 B1 EP 0818246B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
atomizer according
bristles
pan
powder atomizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97111148A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0818246A3 (en
EP0818246A2 (en
Inventor
George R. Alexander
Eduardo C. Escallon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Material Sciences Corp
Original Assignee
Material Sciences Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/680,243 external-priority patent/US5769276A/en
Application filed by Material Sciences Corp filed Critical Material Sciences Corp
Publication of EP0818246A2 publication Critical patent/EP0818246A2/en
Publication of EP0818246A3 publication Critical patent/EP0818246A3/en
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Publication of EP0818246B1 publication Critical patent/EP0818246B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/144—Arrangements for supplying particulate material the means for supplying particulate material comprising moving mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/047—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns using tribo-charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/057—Arrangements for discharging liquids or other fluent material without using a gun or nozzle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a powder atomizer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a powder atomizer is known from US Patent No 5,314,090.
  • Hoppers have been used to feed powders to flowing air streams. Hoppers, however have been unsatisfactory in feeding powder because of the bridging of the powder or the electrostatic forces which are present between the particulate of the powder.
  • the rate of flow can also be affected by such variables as humidity, particle size, particle shape, density, material cohesiveness, chemical composition, hopper configuration and electrostatic forces between the particulate powder. Additional problems are encountered when precisely measured amounts of powder need to be dispensed, at instantaneously uniform rates of flow and when the powder dispensed tends to agglomerate.
  • an improved powder atomizer an improved powder feeder atomizer combination and an improved powder feeder atomizer deagglomerator combination. It is also highly desirable to provide an improved powder atomizer, an improved powder feeder atomizer combination and an improved powder feeder atomizer deagglomerator combination which can deliver precisely measured amounts of powder to controllably uniform flowing air streams.
  • Hoppers even when supplemented with vibrators are notoriously non-uniform in metering powder in precisely measured amounts in coating operations. Additional problems are encountered with coating wide substrates when powder fed by a hopper is attempted to be atomized into a flowing air stream inasmuch as the air used to atomize the powder is more or less two dimensional, i.e., longitudinally and in one lateral dimension. For wide web applications, this air stream is generally planar and of relatively low velocity. As such it does not apply the locally high velocity shear forces required to deagglomerate the powder from the feeder, and consequently, the cloud may include over sized agglomerated particles and heavy streams of non-uniform particulate concentrations which are undesirable in many processes.
  • the grouping of a plurality of material feeders and deagglomerator combinations side by side produces a cloud which may be uniform in particulate size longitudinally of the cloud flow.
  • nonuniformity is still present transversely of the cloud because of overlapping and streaking. It is therefore highly desirable to produce an improved powder atomizer and powder atomizer feeder combination and an improved powder feeder deagglomerator atomizer combination which is capable of producing clouds of particulate material which are relatively uniform both longitudinally and transversely of the cloud and which contain particulate material of relatively uniform particulate size relatively uniformly distributed throughout the cloud over large areas such as encountered in wide web coating applications.
  • the improved powder atomizer 10 of the invention as a part of a wide web powder coating apparatus 12 mounted over a wide web substrate 14 for coating the top side 16 of the substrate 14.
  • the apparatus 12 includes a powder feeder 18 and an atomizer 10.
  • the powder feeder 18 is shown as a conventional powder hopper 20 which may be provided with a vibrator 22, if desired. Hopper 20 has a bottom opening 24 through which powder is dropped onto the atomizer 10 therebelow. In other specific embodiments, powder feeder 18 may be an elongated feeder.
  • the powder atomizer 10 is shown to comprise a pan 26, a wing 50 and a generally cylindrical atomizing element 28 journaled for rotation about a generally horizontal axis 30 in the direction of arrow 31.
  • Pan 26 is also generally cylindrical in shape.
  • Pan 26 and element 28 are mounted coaxially of each other.
  • Pan 26 partially surrounds element 28.
  • Element 28 and pan 26 are spaced apart so as to define a cylindrical venturi 32 therebetween into which powder is fed from the feeder 18.
  • Venturi 32 has an inlet 34 directly below the exit opening 24 of the feeder 18.
  • Venturi 32 also has an outlet 38 radially spaced from the inlet 34 of the atomizer.
  • Wing 50 is mounted adjacent the brush 28 and extends from venturi outlet 38 toward the region to which the agglomerated particulate cloud is to be directed.
  • the hopper 20, the pan 26, atomizing element 28, venturi 32, inlet 34, outlet 38 and wing 50 may be all elongated so as to extend over the entire width or transverse dimension of the substrate 14, what ever the transverse dimension may be. In specific embodiments, this transverse dimension has been over 6 feet. No reason is known why this transverse dimension could not be tens of feet or match the transverse dimension of the largest substrate that can be handled, in a specific embodiment.
  • the atomizer element 28 is secured to motor shaft 40 through transmission 42 and operatively connected to motor 44.
  • Motor 44 and transmission 42 rotate shaft 40 and element 28 in the direction of arrow 31 at a speed in excess of the speed required to throw powder from the element by centrifugal force.
  • the speed of the element 28 draws air through the venturi 32 at a significantly fast rate of speed to disburse the powder into air, to mix the air and powder into a homogeneous mixture, and to deagglomerate the particles by particle to bristle and particle to wall collision to produce particles of relatively uniform size.
  • the speed of element 28 also may charge the particles of the resultant homogeneous cloud, each with a charge of the same polarity.
  • a charge of similar polarity can be placed on each of the particles of the particular cloud as it leaves the atomizer of the invention by the process commonly known as the triboelectrification effect.
  • This particulate charge is useful inasmuch as it assists in the dispersion of the uniform cloud, both longitudinally and laterally thereof as it leaves the atomizer of the invention. This charge also expands the target area over which the cloud is completely uniform in particle size distribution, particle size and particle density.
  • This triboelectrification effect also has its drawbacks when pan 26 and wing 50 are made of conductive materials as the electrical charge on the particles induces an opposite electrical charge on the pan 26 and the wing 50 such that the particulate is attracted to the pan 26 and the wing 50 and in time produces agglomerates thereon.
  • the particulate may accumulate and agglomerate on the tip 91 of the pan 26 or the wing 50 to an extent that the agglomerated particulate material may fall off either tip 91 onto the substrate below being coated.
  • such agglomeration cannot be tolerated when coating the top surface of a web, as that particulate material which agglomerates sooner or later will fall off onto the surface being coated causing imperfections in the coated surface.
  • the pan 26 and the wing 50 are desirably made of conductive material as will be mentioned hereinafter.
  • the pan 26 and wing 50 are made of nonconductive material.
  • this nonconductive material is materials such as polycarbonate, acrylic, or acetal materials.
  • powder does not agglomerate thereon and pan 26 and wing 50 do not become charged by induction sufficiently for agglomeration of powder to occur thereon.
  • any material having a conductivity in the range of about 10 10 to about 10 16 would be deemed a nonconductive material within the scope of this invention.
  • pan 26 and wing 50 are made of conductive materials such as metal because of both the structural strength required in the pan 26 and the surfaces 93, 94 required.
  • surface 93 is free from inconsistencies and polished to about a 125 rms. surface.
  • wing surface 94 is polished to about a 125 rms. surface.
  • pan 26 for the most part is made of conductive metal such as stainless steel for strength and durability and tip 91 is made of nonconductive material such as polycarbonate, acrylic, acetal or polyethylene as structural strength is provided by the metal of portion 95.
  • pan 26 has a conductive portion 95 and a nonconductive portion 96.
  • Nonconductive portion 96 extends from tip 91 away from tip 91 to at least the lowest point 98 on pan 26 as shown.
  • Portions 95, 96 may be joined together in any fashion known to the prior art.
  • Fig. 10 shows pan portions 95 and 96 being joined with a tongue and groove 99 such that pan portion 96 can be inserted at the end of pan portion 94 and slid into position.
  • surface 92 of pan 26 can be made continuous.
  • surface 92 is polished to about a 125 rms. surface.
  • Wing 50 has an aerodynamic surface 94 extending from element 28 outwardly thereof, an end surface 102 remote from element 28, a near end surface 104 closely spaced to element 28 and a backside surface 106.
  • aerodynamic surface 94 can either be curved or planar.
  • Surface 94 is positioned closely adjacent to element 28 and extends outwardly away from element 28 to direct the cloud outwardly away from the cloud emanating from venturi outlet 38.
  • End 104 may be planar or curved as shown in Figs. 1 and 10. In Fig. 10 end surface 104 is curved with a slightly greater radius than element 28 and is cylindrical in shape. Both backside surface 106 and opposite end surface 102 may be planar or curved as desired.
  • each of these surfaces are planar and have an angle of repose designed to prevent powder build up thereon, and recycle or direct powder collecting thereon away from the surface being coated. Powder is kept from accumulating on surface 94 by both the lack of induced charge and the velocity of air moving pass the surface 94. End surface 102 on the other hand has little air moving past its surface. Thus, surface 102 has an angle with respect to the horizontal in most embodiments from about 80° to about 100°. In most applications, the powder angle of repose is 80°.
  • Backside surface 106 like surface 102, has little air flowing against the surface. Thus, backside --surface 106 will collect powder thereon if the angle of repose is not maximized.
  • surface 106 has an angle with respect to the horizontal from about 45° to about 70° with the horizontal.
  • surface 94 is shown to be curved.
  • Surface 102 extends from the curved surface generally perpendicularly thereof.
  • Backside surfaces 106 extends from the hopper 18 to the wing 50 in a slope with recycle openings 110 therein.
  • Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 similarly have surface 94, backside surfaces 106 and generally perpendicular surfaces 78 as shown.
  • Recycle openings 110 are positioned in surface 78 as shown.
  • the element 28 functions both as a blower rotor with pan 26 to direct air and powder entrained therein through venturi 32 and as a powder carrier.
  • the speed of rotation of the element 28 and the spacing of the element 28 from the pan 26 have a relationship which both moves the required air through the venturi 28 sufficiently fast to atomize the powder being fed into venturi inlet 34 and uniformly disperses the powder into a cloud exiting from the venturi outlet 38.
  • the atomizer outlet 28 is a brush.
  • Brush 28 can be any cylindrical element having a hub and radially extending bristles of any type.
  • the bristles may be densely packed or spaced apart, arranged in a pattern or randomly arranged, long or short, thin or thick, relatively rigid or relatively flexible, and made of materials ranging from metals to plastics to natural filaments.
  • the diametral size of the hub and the length of the bristles can also vary. The choice bristles depends upon the function of the brush and the powder type being atomized.
  • the brush may have to carry some powder between the bristles before atomization.
  • the bristle length should be longer than usual to increase the powder carrying capacity of the brush between the bristles.
  • flexible bristles When the powder used tends to agglomerate or not flow readily in the atomizer, flexible bristles have the advantage inasmuch as flexing of the bristles will assist in adding motion and deagglomerating the powder.
  • a brush with stiff bristles is required.
  • the length and material of the bristles will determine the length of life of the brush in any particular application.
  • the charge on the individual particles of the particulate cloud leaving the atomizer 10 of the invention will generally increase upon an increase in speed of rotation of the element 28, upon the decrease of the conductivity of the bristle material, and upon a decrease of the conductivity of the particulate material.
  • the performance of the brush element 28 can also be altered and finally adjusted by varying the speed at which the atomizer element 28 is rotated.
  • brush 28 is chosen with bristles of specific materials, having a particular transverse diameter and a particular longitudinal length.
  • Bristles may be circular in cross-section or rectangular in cross-section.
  • the resilient flexibility of the bristle in the direction of rotation and the direction transverse thereto can be varied.
  • Such is important as both deagglomeration and particle reduction is believed to be dependent upon particle to bristle collisions in which the bristle impacts upon the particle and then is moved aside, transversely of the direction of motion, to allow the particle to impact upon another bristle.
  • the more densely packed the bristles the more particle to bristle collisions occur.
  • the length to transverse dimension in the direction of the rotation ratio and the rotational speed of the brush determines the magnitude of the impact between the particle and the bristle.
  • the length to the dimension transverse of the direction of rotation ratio and the density of the bristles and the rotational speed of the brush determines the number of impacts between the particles and the bristles that will occur.
  • bristles may include natural bristles, synthetic polymer bristles and metallic bristles.
  • the bristle lengths range from relatively short to extremely long bristles.
  • the bristle transverse dimensions range from about 2 to 3 times the size of the particles being atomized to transverse dimensions of fifty (50) times the largest transverse dimension of the particles being atomized. This in a practical sense the bristles are limited to those having the largest transverse dimension from about 4 to about 15,000 ⁇ m, and length from a few inches to a number of feet.
  • the overall diameter of the brush 28 seems to have less effect on the deagglomeration and the particle size reduction.
  • the longitudinal length of the venturi in the direction of the air flow is increased, and thus the number of collisions between particles and bristles are increased.
  • the impact force between the bristles and the particles colliding is determined by the hardness of the bristle and the longitudinal length and the transverse dimension ratio of the bristle as above-mentioned.
  • the length to transverse dimension ratio of the bristles varies from about 200 to 1 to about 800 to 1, the bristle length varies from about one half inch to about 5 inches, the bristle transverse dimensions in the direction of rotation range from about 0.0254 mm (0.001 inch) to about 1.575mm (0.062 inch), the bristle transverse dimensions in directions transverse to the direction of rotation range from about 0.0254 mm (0.001 inch) to about 1.575 mm (0.062 inch), and the bristle length to transverse dimension ratio ranges from about 200 to 1 to about 800 to 1.
  • the pan 26 and the element 28 and the wing 50 may be elongated for wide web coating processes or may have length to diameter of element 28 ratios of less than 1, as desired.
  • the thickness of the venturi or the distance between the element 28 and the pan 26 is from about 0.0254 to about 2.54 mm (0.001 to about 0.100 inch) and the element 28 is driven at speeds from about 700 to about 4,000 RPM depending upon the diametral size of the rotor and the rate in pounds per minute that powder is desirably atomized by the improved atomizer of the invention.
  • the element 28 is spaced from pan ends which are removed from the figures to enhance the view of the rotor element 28 and the venturi 32 and is spaced from the wing 50 a distance of from about 0.0254 to about 0.508 mm (0.001 to about 0.020 inch).
  • powder having a particulate size from about 2 to about 300 ⁇ m may be atomized into a uniform cloud of particulate material having a relatively uniform particulate size uniformly distributed throughout the cloud in both the direction of flow and directions transverse thereof.
  • the hopper 20 may be any conventional hopper for use with powdered material. Hopper 20 may be geometrical as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 or may be asymmetrical having for example a vertical wall and a wall angular to both the vertical and horizontal. It is highly preferable that the walls of the hopper 20 both have an angle with the horizontal greater than the angle of repose with respect to both the material of the hopper walls and the powder material being fed.
  • the hopper 20 is mounted independently of the powder atomizer 10 and may be mounted on springs (not shown) and provided with a vibrator 22 as above mentioned.
  • Venturi inlet 32 in a specific embodiment may be converging so as to capture essentially all of the powder dropping from the hopper 20 into the atomizer 10.
  • the outlet 38 of the venturi 32 and wing 50 are directed and aimed to deliver a flowing cloud of particulate material homogeneously dispersed throughout its air volume into the area of entrance 46 of a conventional electrostatic coater 48.
  • the directing or aiming of the cloud toward the target is accomplished by utilizing the wing 50 and conventional gas flow techniques of the Coanda effect.
  • Wing 50 may also serve the purpose of enclosing the upper region atomizer element so as to maintain the atmosphere around the atomizer as dust free as possible.
  • the cloud leaving venturi outlet 38 is not thrown from the rapidly spinning element 28 as one would expect.
  • the homogeneous cloud of aspirated particulate material appears to follow the arcuate surface of the element 28 circumferentially around the element at least for 90° to as much as 360°.
  • the wing functions to not only strip the cloud from the element 28, but also to direct the cloud as desired towards a desired region.
  • the leading edge of the wing needs to be virtually adjacent to the circumference of the element 28.
  • element 28 appears to function well being spaced from the brush distances generally as close as possible.
  • a totally surprising event in the operation of the atomizer 10 is that the area between the powder atomizer 10 and the coating machine 48 need not be totally enclosed as the particulate cloud emanating from the venturi will generally follow first the arcuate path of the rotation of the element 28 and then the second the surface of the wing 94 and will not disperse throughout the room surrounding the atomizer in an uncontrolled condition as experienced with other powder atomizer designs.
  • the atomizer 10 appears to impart a significant velocity to the cloud such that the Coanda effect dominates the effect that substantially stagnant ambient air has on the particulate cloud.
  • the cloud Once the cloud is directed into the area of the entrance 46 of an electrostatic coating machine 48 the cloud will be under the influence of the electrical field and ionization of the electrodes 52 of the coating machine and the flow of the carrier gas of the cloud through the coating machine 48.
  • the wing 50 may be secured to either the hopper 20 and vibrated therewith so as to minimize the accumulation of powder thereon, or independently supported or secured to the pan 26.
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 there is shown an atomizer 10 and a apparatus 12 for use in coating the bottom side 53 of a substrate 14.
  • the powder feeder 18 is also in the form of a hopper 20.
  • the hopper 20 is shown without the vibrator 22 and with a conveyance device 54 operatively positioned with regard to the hopper 20 to maintain the hopper 20 full of powder.
  • the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2 may be provided with a conveyor 54 and used with or without vibrator 22.
  • the speed at which the conveyor 54 is run must be coordinated with the speed with which the atomizer 10 is run such that continuous and adequate powder flow from the conveyor 54 through the hopper 20 and through the atomizer 10 and into the coating apparatus 48 is maintained.
  • the hopper 20 and the atomizer 10 may be identical as above described.
  • the wing 50 is positioned adjacent the exit 38 so as to span between the pan 26 to the area of entrance 46 of the coating machine 48.
  • the wing 50 may be both shaped and positioned in accordance with conventional gas flow technology.
  • the cloud of particulate material homogeneously disbursed throughout is stripped from the element 28 and fed into the entrance 46 of the coating machine 48 at which time the cloud will be under the influence of the electrical field of the machine 48, the movement of the cloud through the machine 48 is also controlled by the machine exhaust and gravity as is conventional.
  • powder drain 56 to remove large size particles which cannot be maintained air borne in the cloud exiting from the atomizer 10 is believed to be unnecessary and superfluous as regards to the atomizer 10 structure.
  • the substrate 14 is moved via conveyor techniques relative to the atomizer 10, powder feeder 18 and coating machine 48.
  • the direction of travel of the substrate i.e. whether the bare substrate is moved away from the atomizer 10 or toward the atomizer 10 depends upon the coating process.
  • the hopper 20 is shown substituted with the powder feeder 60.
  • the powder feeder 60 is able to feed reproducibly and accurately metered amounts of powder to the atomizer 10 of the invention.
  • the powder feeder 60 may be used where control of the powder fed to the atomizer is more critical to the process and more control is required than possible utilizing a hopper 20 as above described.
  • Powder feeder 60 is fed by a hopper 62 which functions as a powder reservoir for the powder feeder 60.
  • the hopper 62 may in a specific embodiment, be identical to the hopper 20 and be equipped with or used without a vibrator 22.
  • the hopper 62 has a bottom opening 24 which empties into a housing 64 in which a resiliently deformable element or brush 66 is journaled for rotation in the direction of arrow 67.
  • Element 66 is secured to a shaft 68 which is journaled in opposite walls (not shown) of the housing 64.
  • One end of the shaft 68 is connected to a variable speed motor 70.
  • Housing 64 has a ventral portion 72, a bottom portion 74, a top portion 76, and a pair of side portions 78. Housing 64 fully encloses element 66.
  • Element 66 is generally cylindrical.
  • Housing 64 can be made of plastic or any other suitable non-conductive material.
  • Other embodiments have housing 64 made of transparent plastic material or having an access door in housing 64 (not shown) so that during operations observations and adjustments can be made.
  • Element 66 is positioned in housing 64 so as to occlude hopper opening 24.
  • element 66 is preferably a brush having a plurality of bristles 80 arranged with uniform density around hub 81 to extend radially therefrom.
  • Bristles 80 can be naturally occurring filaments or filaments of any suitable material so that brush 66 is capable of "holding back" powder from flowing from hopper 20 through bottom opening 24.
  • Bristles 80 must be of a suitable length and dimension where upon a selected speed of rotation, brush 66 permits powder from the hopper 20 to penetrate bristles 80 in a precise fashion, be carried by the brush 66 as it rotates, and to be delivered in a measured amount through exit port 82 in bottom 74 to the atomizer 10 of the invention.
  • the speed at which element 66 is driven is always below that necessary to throw powder material from the element 66 by centrifugal force.
  • the flow rate of the powder from the hopper 20 through the exit port 82 is controlled by, among other things, the rate of speed that brush 66 is rotated in the direction of arrow 67, the diameter of brush 66, the powder capacity of brush 66 and the size of the opening 24.
  • the powder carrying capacity of brush 66 is controlled by the length and density of the bristles 80.
  • the flow rate of powder from the hopper 20 through the feeder 60 both contribute to the over all powder flow rate to the atomizer 10.
  • housing 64 may be provided in combination with pan 26 and wing 50 so as to form a common housing for both element 66 and element 28.
  • Such a housing would extend the pan 26 upwardly to engage the hopper 62 of the material feeder 60 and the wing 50 to enclose the element 66 and to define with the pan 26 both the exit ports 34, 82 so as to segregate the elements 66, 28, and to properly define the inlet 34 and the exit 38 of the venturi 32.
  • substrate 44 can be moved either toward or away from the atomizer 10. Furthermore, the exit 38 of the atomizer 10 and the cloud of particulate material may be deflected downwardly as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 or upwardly as desired. This choice usually depends on the particle size and particle size distribution of the cloud and whether or not it is preferable to have gravity assist in the deposition of the larger particles onto the substrate.
  • the pan 26 and the element 28 can be of any diametral size.
  • the amount of powder that can be atomized by the atomizer 10 is greater, the larger the element 28 and pan 26, the larger the venturi 32, and the greater the volume of air into which powder can be atomized.
  • the length of the bristles becomes a variable.
  • the length of bristles is not critical.
  • the distance between the brush and pan is critical and a function of the element 28 and the speed at which it travels. In a specific embodiment, this distance ranges from about 0.127 to about 2.54 mm (0.005 to about 0.100 of an inch).
  • the element 28 traveling at a speed sufficient to throw the particles being atomized from the element 28 by centrifugal force must be sufficient to give the air in the venturi sufficient turbulence and speed to atomize the powder into the air.
  • the distance between the element 28 and the pan 26 can be larger if the speed of the element 28 is larger and vice versa.
  • element 28 is preferably 2 inches or more in diameter or larger and driven at speeds from about 700 to 4,000 rpm.
  • the vertical distance from bottom hopper opening 24 and the venturi entrance or inlet 34 may also vary. This distance may be any distance which powder can drop and efficiently be fed to the venturi. In specific embodiments, this distance has ranged between an inch to 6 feet or more.
  • the radial positions between the venturi inlet 34 and the venturi outlet or exit 38 may also vary. In specific embodiments, this distance has been from about 180° to about 45°.
  • the ratio of the diameters between the element 66 and the element 28 can be any number, in most specific embodiments, the ratio is equal to or greater than 1, similarly, the ratio of speeds is best kept as high as possible.
  • the distance between the axes of the elements 28 and 66 measured shaft to shaft is usually just over one diameter, but may be anywhere from about a few inches to 6 feet or more.
  • the powder exiting from venturi 32 follows the contour of the wing 50 and is thereby directed at a target.
  • Powder passing through the venturi is deagglomerated, atomized, and triboelectrified if the brush bristles are non-conductive such that when it exits venturi 32, the powder is charged with each of the particulate of the powder has a like charge.
  • powder exiting from the venturi 32 is forced to disperse uniformly both transversely and longitudinally of the substrate by both the turbulent flow of the air in which the particulate is atomized and by the repellent forces of the similarly charged particles.
  • the particulate cloud follows the curvature of the wing 50 due to the velocity of the cloud against the wing.
  • the powder atomizer is positioned from about 101.6 to 152.4 mm (4 to 6 inches) from a substrate
  • the particulate cloud can be directed at the substrate relatively uniformly over about a 50.8 to 152.4 mm (2 to 6 inch) wide pattern, uniformly both longitudinally and transversely of the substrate.
  • the uniformity in particulate concentration of the cloud falls off dramatically.
  • the 2 to 6 inch pattern above described may expand to about a 101.6 to 254 mm (4 to 10 inch) pattern.
  • the 50.8 to 152.4 mm (2 to 6 inch) pattern above described may decrease to about a 25.4 to about 76.2 mm (1 to about 3) inch pattern.
  • a powder feeder atomizer combination is shown for coating generally vertically disposed horizontally transported substrates of transverse dimensions greater than about 50.8 to 101.6 mm (2 to 4 inches).
  • a powder feeder 60 having all of the structure of the powder feeder 60 above described is mounted higher than the substrate 84.
  • the atomizer 10 of the invention Positioned beneath the feeder 60 is the atomizer 10 of the invention with the element 28 mounted in a spaced apart relationship to the substrate 84, but angularly disposed to both the vertical and horizontal as shown.
  • a powder chute 86 extends from the bottom opening 82 to the venturi inlet 34 through which the powder drops from the powder feeder 60 to the venturi 32 formed by the pan 26 surrounding the brush element 28.
  • the wing 50 extends from the venturi exit 38 towards the substrate 84.
  • the wing 50 and the pan 26 and the element 28 are each uniformly spaced from the substrate 84 with the distance between the venturi exit 38 and the substrate 84, in a specific embodiment being between about 4 to about 6 inches over the entire axial length of the atomizer 10.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 7 can be utilized to coat vertically disposed horizontally transported sheet material or an array of parts hanging from a vertically extending conveyor transported horizontally of any transverse or height dimension.
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 another version of the improved powder feeder atomizer deagglomerator combination of the invention is shown for use with vertically disposed and horizontally transported substrates of the type above-described.
  • the feeder 60 is shown to be positioned over the atomizer 10
  • a powder chute 86 extends between the exit port 82 of the feeder 60 and inlet 34 of the venturi 32
  • the atomizer 10 is equipped with a wing 50 which is spirally shaped, having a spirally shaped leading edge 88 to strip the particulate cloud from the element 28, a cylindrical shape in cross-section, and a spirally shaped distal edge 90 which across its entire length is positioned from about 101.6 to about 152.4 mm (4 to about 6 inches) from the substrate to be coated.
  • This embodiment is useful only for substrates having transverse dimensions or a vertical height less than the vertical height of the spirally shaped wing 50 plus or minus about 1 to about 6 inches.
  • the feeder 60 can be over the substrate 84 or to one side of the substrate 84, the atomizer 10 must always be located adjacent the lower edge 92 of the substrate 84 and the spirally shaped wing 50 must extend over the entire vertical dimension of the substrate 84 as shown.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the pan 26, brush element 28 and the spirally shaped wing 50 of the atomizer 10 illustrated in Fig. 8 to better show the shape of the wing 50 and its relationship with the venturi exit 38 and the, venturi inlet 34.
  • Powder chute 86 is illustrated in Fig. 7 to be a segmented chute, having spaced apart and generally parallel, generally vertical walls. In Fig. 8, chute 86 is illustrated to be an unsegmented chute, having no partitions or walls between the opposite ends. These chutes are interchangeable depending upon the dimensions of the substrate and the properties of the powder being atomized.
  • powder in the hopper 20 is fed through the bottom opening 24 into the inlet 34 of venturi 32 in the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 1-4.
  • the flow of the powder into the venturi 32 may be controlled by selectively choosing bottom opening 24 to be of a specific size or controlling the action of vibrator 22.
  • the element 28 draws carrier gas through the venturi at a relatively fast speed in a turbulent manner.
  • Element 28 atomizes all of the powder coming in contact with the element as element 28 is being rotated at a speed in excess of that necessary to throw the powder therefrom by centrifugal force.
  • the particulate size also may be reduced in the atomizer 10 by varying the speed of the brush, as desired.
  • Powder dispersed in the carrier gas in the form of a cloud is exited from venturi exit 38.
  • This cloud is generally homogeneous in the amount of powder per unit of volume of carrier gas, but also in particle size distribution, and in particle distribution both in the direction of gas flow and in directions transverse thereof.
  • particle size distribution is generally uniform throughout the cloud as the turbulence of the carrier gas within the venturi is sufficient to deagglomerate the powder.
  • powder of relatively uniform size can be relatively uniformly distributed throughout the cloud in both particle density and particle size distribution.
  • the element 66 As the brush element 66 rotates, the element is exposed to the powder in hopper 62 and is filled with powder between the bristles and is rotated over exit port 82 through which the element 66 discharges the powder carried by the element.
  • powder Once the powder is discharged from the powder feeder 18 or 60 into the aspirator 10, powder enters the venturi 32 by the venturi inlet 34 and is engaged with fast moving carrier gas is drawn through the venturi by the element 28.
  • Element 28 throws all of the powder into the carrier gas by centrifugal force and moves the carrier gas in a turbulent fashion through the venturi 32 towards the venturi exit 38.
  • the uniform particulate cloud follows the curvature of the element 28 until it is stripped from the element 28 by the wing 50, and is guided by the wing 50 in accordance with conventional gas flow principles towards the entrance 46 of the coating machine 48.
  • the cloud from the exit 38 can be directed downwardly by the aspirator 10 of the invention to coat the top side of the substrate.
  • the aspirator 10 may direct the particulate cloud from the venturi exit 38 upwardly so as to coat the bottom side of a substrate.
  • Substrates can be coated on both sides, whether orientated horizontally or vertically as shown in Figs. 1-4, Figs. 5 and 6 and Figs. 7-9, respectively.
  • the powder throughput of the atomizer 10 of the invention in all embodiments is controlled by the rate of powder being fed into the venturi 32 by the powder feeder 20 or 60.
  • the particulate density of the cloud generated by the atomizer 10 of the invention is a function of the amount of powder fed into the atomizer 10 and the amount of carrier gas drawn through the venturi.
  • the amount of carrier gas drawn through the venturi is controlled by the distance between pan 26 and element 28 and the speed of rotation of the element 28. The smaller the distance the less carrier gas, the larger the distance the more carrier gas.
  • the amount of powder fed into the venturi 32 by the powder feeder is primarily, in the case of hopper 20 a function of the size of the bottom opening 24 and the flow of powder therethrough, or in the case of feeder 60, the speed of rotation and capacity of the element 66.
  • the improved atomizer of the invention produces a relatively uniform cloud of particulate material and directs that cloud into a electrostatic coater either in an upwardly direction or a downwardly direction as desired.
  • an improved powder atomizer and an improved powder feeder atomizer combination and an improved powder feeder atomizer deagglomerator combination is provided for all powder coating operations.
  • the improved powder atomizer of the invention is particularly useful for wide web coating operations as it can produce clouds of relatively uniform size particulate material in cross-sections taken longitudinally of the web and transversely thereof which can be highly uniform both in particulate size and particulate size distribution.
  • a particulate feeder By utilizing a particulate feeder, highly accurately metered amounts of particulate material can be atomized and placed upon substrates of any transverse dimension, whether disposed horizontally, vertically or at an angle therebetween by the improved atomizer, feeder atomizer combinations and feeder atomizer deagglomerator combinations of the invention.
  • the improved powder atomizer, improved powder feeder atomizer combination and powder feeder atomizer deagglomerator of the invention can be utilized to coat both the top and bottom sides of horizontally disposed webs and both sides of vertically disposed webs.
  • the improved powder atomizer, feeder atomizer and feeder atomizer deagglomerator of the invention can be utilized to feed powder coating apparatus at a reasonable installation and maintenance cost.
  • the improved atomizer, feeder atomizer and feeder atomizer deagglomerator of the invention can be provided in a form which has all of the above desired features.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP97111148A 1996-07-10 1997-07-03 Powder atomizer Expired - Lifetime EP0818246B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US680243 1996-07-10
US08/680,243 US5769276A (en) 1996-07-10 1996-07-10 Powder atomizer
US873929 1997-06-12
US08/873,929 US6109481A (en) 1996-07-10 1997-06-12 Powder atomizer

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0818246A2 EP0818246A2 (en) 1998-01-14
EP0818246A3 EP0818246A3 (en) 1998-04-29
EP0818246B1 true EP0818246B1 (en) 2002-05-02

Family

ID=27102417

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97111148A Expired - Lifetime EP0818246B1 (en) 1996-07-10 1997-07-03 Powder atomizer

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0818246B1 (ru)
JP (1) JPH10118535A (ru)
CN (1) CN1078824C (ru)
AT (1) ATE216921T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU738351B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2210647A1 (ru)
DE (1) DE69712270T2 (ru)
DK (1) DK0818246T3 (ru)
RU (1) RU2183510C2 (ru)
SG (2) SG90768A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5996855A (en) * 1998-02-27 1999-12-07 Material Sciences Corporation Cross-feed auger and method
US6569494B1 (en) 2000-05-09 2003-05-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for making particle-embedded webs
DE10317919B4 (de) * 2003-04-17 2005-12-01 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Substrates mit einem flüssigen oder partikulären Beschichtungsmaterial
JP2017027958A (ja) * 2016-10-25 2017-02-02 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 薄膜静電塗装装置
DE202019105107U1 (de) 2019-09-16 2020-12-22 Andreas Ritterbach Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Bauteilen, wie beispielsweise Rahmenteile, Blechteile oder Profilteile
CN110624775A (zh) * 2019-10-20 2019-12-31 内蒙古君诚兴业管道有限责任公司 一种淋涂量可变的淋涂粉末均匀撒料轴
CN114180224B (zh) * 2021-12-15 2024-03-22 株洲时代电气绝缘有限责任公司 一种云母带生产线中防止云母带收卷后粘连的抹粉装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH180010A (fr) * 1935-02-02 1935-10-15 Seigne Georges Dispositif de pulvérisation d'une substance.
US3028256A (en) * 1958-12-31 1962-04-03 Massoud T Simnad Method for forming a coating of molybdenum carbide on a carbon body
US3133833A (en) * 1961-06-01 1964-05-19 Rca Corp Powder cloud generating apparatus
US3299853A (en) * 1964-01-16 1967-01-24 Amsted Ind Inc Apparatus for coating elongated objects
US3592394A (en) * 1969-06-24 1971-07-13 Alfred D Sinden Centrifugal belt thrower
US5314090A (en) * 1992-03-23 1994-05-24 Terronics Development Corporation Material feeder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2848497A (en) 1998-01-29
MX9705060A (es) 1998-05-31
DE69712270D1 (de) 2002-06-06
DE69712270T2 (de) 2002-12-12
JPH10118535A (ja) 1998-05-12
ATE216921T1 (de) 2002-05-15
EP0818246A3 (en) 1998-04-29
RU2183510C2 (ru) 2002-06-20
SG60083A1 (en) 1999-03-30
CA2210647A1 (en) 1998-01-10
CN1176852A (zh) 1998-03-25
EP0818246A2 (en) 1998-01-14
SG90768A1 (en) 2002-08-20
DK0818246T3 (da) 2002-08-19
AU738351B2 (en) 2001-09-13
CN1078824C (zh) 2002-02-06

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