EP0818119A1 - Procede de fonctionnement d'une unite de commutation et systeme de commutation numerique evolutif permettant de mettre en uvre ledit procede - Google Patents

Procede de fonctionnement d'une unite de commutation et systeme de commutation numerique evolutif permettant de mettre en uvre ledit procede

Info

Publication number
EP0818119A1
EP0818119A1 EP96911947A EP96911947A EP0818119A1 EP 0818119 A1 EP0818119 A1 EP 0818119A1 EP 96911947 A EP96911947 A EP 96911947A EP 96911947 A EP96911947 A EP 96911947A EP 0818119 A1 EP0818119 A1 EP 0818119A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data record
data
memory
pointer
key term
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96911947A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jessel Savory
Kenneth Butterfield
Cathal De Brun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Austel Licensing GmbH
Original Assignee
Austel Licensing GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Austel Licensing GmbH filed Critical Austel Licensing GmbH
Publication of EP0818119A1 publication Critical patent/EP0818119A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
    • H04Q11/0407—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing using a stored programme control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
    • G06F3/0656—Data buffering arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods according to the preamble of claim 1; in particular, it relates to a switching system consisting of a switching unit or switching stage and a guest or host computer and also relates to a method for operating the same.
  • call management setting up and transferring a call
  • call services which include inter alia call billing.
  • call management setting up and transferring a call
  • call services which include inter alia call billing.
  • call management setting up and transferring a call
  • call services which include inter alia call billing.
  • a data record is created in which the start and end times of the call, date information, the telephone numbers involved and the costs of the conversation and saved permanently.
  • operator services which make up the more organizational part of the system, such as setting up and deleting before customers, configuring circuits or the billing service based on the data of the call, are mentioned Service.
  • the invention is based on the task of simplified and / or faster access to the data, and the solution is provided by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an architecture for a switching system which enables almost any expandability with a cost-effective, modular structure with increased reliability of the overall system.
  • ETS elementary telephone switching stages
  • the ATM switching stage is therefore not used as a switching unit in the actual sense, but rather as a link between a plurality of partial switching stages formed by elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) and downstream concentrators.
  • ETS elementary telephone switching stages
  • Figures 3 and 4 show access to a first type of data
  • Figures 5 and 6 show access to a second type of data
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a conventional switching system with a bus structure
  • ⁇ is a block diagram of a conventional one. Mediation system with ring structure
  • SDSS expandable digital switching system
  • 10 is a block diagram of an extended SDSS
  • ETS elementary telephone switching stage
  • FIG. 12 shows an alternative structure of an ETS.
  • a switching unit (1) is connected to other switching systems of a telecommunications network via groups of incoming lines (2) and outgoing lines (3). Furthermore, subscribers (8) are connected via lines (7).
  • a guest or host computer (4) with at least one mass storage unit (6) controls the switching unit (1) via a data connection (5).
  • the switching unit (1) - controlled by the guest computer (4) - carries out the actual switching of the incoming and outgoing calls.
  • a commercially available "Excel Switch P1X512" unit can be used as the switching unit 1, the internal structure and the internal function of which are known per se and are therefore not described in detail here.
  • the guest computer (4) essentially performs the above-mentioned “call management”, “call services” and “operator services” tasks (on the basis of a program contained in a memory section or an external program).
  • the "call management” mainly concerns the establishment ["call set up”] and the transfer of a call ["call rcutmg"].
  • a channel bundle is selected for the issuing half of the call and a channel within the bundle is selected from various switching tables.
  • Call services include setting up and transferring a call, which - as already explained - is referred to as "call management"; furthermore the so-called call services, which mainly include call billing.
  • call management for example, a record is created for each newly established call, that is, if a connected subscriber is either calling or being called, with the start and end times of the call, the date information, the telephone numbers involved and the The costs of the call are saved and saved permanently.
  • the for Calculation of the data required for costs are taken from a customer database as a data record "ANI", which identifies the customer and also contains a reference "DNIS" in time and weekday specific tariff tables.
  • the operator services include customer management, which supports the establishment and deletion of customers, switching management for configuration of the switching device, and the call monitor for real-time display of the interior State of the switching device and a billing service, in which case the call data records stored in the billing period are evaluated for each customer, the accumulated call charges are summed up and finally settled.
  • 2 shows in simplified form the process sequence for processing a call by the guest computer.
  • 2 schematically shows the processing of a call in the form of a block diagram;
  • 2a mean: collecting the customer data;
  • the data assigned to the customers are taken from an ANI database (20), the subscriber number typically serving as the key. For this, several hard disk accesses are necessary, which with one. typical PC system need about several milliseconds each.
  • the database itself can include 150,000 entries.
  • the switching information necessary for controlling the switching unit [1) (cf. FIG. 1) and billing the calls must be taken from a further database, the NPANXX database (21). Again, several hard disk accesses are necessary.
  • the NPANXX database typically contains 60,000 entries. Since at least 3 to 4 hard disk accesses, each with about 10 milliseconds of access time, are usually required per database access, PC's as guest computers reach their performance limits even with a small amount of traffic; Artificial handles, such as the so-called “disk chachmg", reduce the access time to the individual data record to milliseconds, but this does not solve the problem.
  • a remedy for the time-consuming hard disk access is to keep the two databases in the memory of the guest computer. Access to a data record in the memory is about a factor 1000 to 10,000 faster than access to a data record on the hard disk.
  • This improvement in the access time means in particular that even higher-quality service features, such as the services “callback” and “ready-nng” explained below, are made possible with a single guest computer instead of a guest computer connected to one another by a network.
  • a subscriber calls the operator, i.e. practically the switching unit (1), with a fixed number, rings it and hangs up again; the switching system determines who called, calls the subscriber in question and provides him with a dialing request. The subscriber dials the number of his desired conversation partner and the exchange ensures the correct forwarding (routmg) of the call.
  • the "ready-nng" service ie periodic polling of a subscriber line in order to determine whether the subscriber has picked up and then to send him a dialing request signal, requires particularly frequent accesses to the databases.
  • a first memory area for the NPANXX data sets used for the transfer and a second memory area for the customer set up the specific ANI data sets.
  • these two storage areas are still empty, but are already large enough to hold the entire database.
  • the memory areas can be created in such a way that they can only hold the most frequently used data records.
  • a special LRU algorithm can be used to create space in the event of overcrowding or to select external memories.
  • the information relating to the users and the information about the dialed numbers are searched for in the corresponding databases on the disk, read out and stored in the pre-reserved memory areas.
  • the strategy for accessing the data is to first search for the data in the memory and only - if the required data is not yet in the memory - to do so. reload the plate. In this way, the disk accesses are minimized, because after a certain time most of the data is already in the memory and can be read out from there. Experts .. Only when new users call or new destinations are called, new data records have to be loaded from the disk ⁇ the.
  • the database NPANXX contains location, coordinate and distance information of a telephone call.
  • the possible destinations of a conversation are NPANXX-coded in a 6-digit number.
  • Of the 1 million data records possible only about 61,000 are actually used. It would not make sense 1
  • To reserve millions of data records it is sufficient to reserve space for the 61,000 possible data records (30) in the memory during the boot process.
  • a field (31) is set up for 1 million pointers that can point to the data records.
  • Another pointer freeptr (32) points to the first free, pre-reserved data record (33) in the memory.
  • the first step (42) is to look in the pointer field VNHPTR [NPANXX] under the index NPANXX whether there is already an entry that points to a data record in the memory. If a, the data record can be read out from the memory under the pointer address (43). In this case, access to the data record was made possible by only two memory accesses without a single hard disk access. This completes this process (4a)
  • This type of storage organization could be referred to as a "hashing" function, this search function, which generates an index from the key term, in a known manner under which the data record can be found, the identity function.
  • the key value itself specifies the index under which a pointer to the data record can be found.
  • the hash value is formed here by the last four digits of the key, namely the ANI number. Accordingly, a pointer field hptr (51) with 9999 elements is set up, each element being able to point to one of the pre-reserved ANI data sets (50). Another pointer afreeptr (52) points to the first free pre-reserved ANI data record (53) in the memory.
  • each data record in the memory is expanded by a linking field (54) which, if it is not empty, points to further data records which give the same distribution value but different key terms.
  • the hash value hval is first formed (60 / and tested whether an entry exists in the pointer field hptr under the index hval (61).
  • the data record must be read from the hard disk (62) and is entered in the first free reserved memory area (63).
  • the address of the newly stored data record can be entered directly in the pointer field hptr under the index hval (65), otherwise the chain of all data records linked with the entry hptr [hval] as the root must be rolled up (66), so that the address of the newly stored data record finally in the link field of the last data record of the chain, which a must be empty, can be entered (67).
  • 6a, 6b and 6c represent the completion of the respective machining process.
  • FIG. N now shows an outline representation of a switching system with elementary telephone switching stages (ETS): a plurality of ETS (11, 12 ...), each of which represents small, relatively independent switching systems and which PCM multiplex lines (for example T1 truncs) (2) connected to their inputs are connected via a central bus (3). Furthermore, a plurality of telephone servers (21, 22, ...) for handling the switching activity beyond an ETS and the host computer (4) are connected to the bus (30). closed. The host computer (4) enables not only the operation and maintenance of the system but also the billing of the telephone calls.
  • a switching system with the architecture shown in FIG. 7 is probably modular in the sense that the elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) and the telephone server represent individual modules, so it is also easily expandable.
  • the central data exchange element of the system is formed by the bus (30). Should this fail due to a fault, the entire system would become inoperable. If the system is to be expanded by supplementing it with additional ETS and telephone server modules, the bus finally becomes both mechanical (because of the limited number of slots) and electrical (because of the limited driver power) represent a hard limit for expansion in terms of data transmission speed.
  • FIG. 8 Here the elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) (31, 32, 7), the telephone servers (41, 42, ...) and the host computer (40) are linked together via a data ring (300) connected. Since the ring is preferably designed as a double ring in accordance with the prior art, failure of one ring sector does not immediately result in total failure of the overall system. However, the expandability is also limited by the ring due to the limited data throughput.
  • SDSS expandable digital switching system
  • the SDSS is formed from a set (50) of elementary telephone switching stages (ETS (100, 101, ...), a host computer (60), a set (70) of communication systems (80), which consist of concentrators (140, 141) and at least one ATM -Switching stage (160) east.
  • ETS elementary telephone switching stages
  • host computer 60
  • set (70) of communication systems 80
  • concentrators 140, 141
  • ATM -Switching stage 160
  • Each of the elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) (100, 101, ...) is connected to a bundle (110, 111, %) of PCM-MPX lines (120,121, ...) connected.
  • the multiplex connections (130, 131, ...) of possibly five such elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) each are connected to a concentrator (140, 141), which is connected with its multiplex connection (150, 151) to a data connection of an ATM switching stage (160) .
  • One (or more) host computer (60) and a plurality of telephone servers (70, 71, ...) are connected to further connections of the ATM switching stage.
  • Each of the elementary telephone switching stages can have or operate a limited number of connections and suitably has an ATM interface which can be integrated with other ETS using the concentrator and the ATM switching stage.
  • the concentrator 140, 141) is responsible for demultiplexing the incoming bandwidth from each ETS m the ATM switching stage.
  • the ATM switching stage forwards all incoming data streams into outgoing streams.
  • the total number of connections to be provided can be determined by the size of the matrix of the ATM switching stage, which can easily be expanded without changes to the hardware in the rest of the system.
  • two concentrators 140, 141) with a total of 10 elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) and a 2x2 ATM switching stage are provided, which results in a switching capacity of 4800 ports.
  • the division of the exchange into elementary telephone switching stage (ETS) on the one hand and into the high-speed communication system with concentrator and ATM switching stage on the other hand allows the ETS to be kept relatively small and therefore flexible and yet the ATM to offer the required high data rate (approx. 150 Mbit / s) at the data connections.
  • the ATM switching stage itself is used as a link for the High-speed connection used for the data streams generated in the ETS and merged in the concentrators.
  • FIG. 10 shows the extension of the architecture described in FIG. 9 to the switching of twice the number of connections:
  • a total of four concentrators (201, 204), each with five elementary telephone switching stages (ETS) (210, 211, ... 299), are connected to a 4x4 ATM switching stage (200).
  • the further modules connected to the respective ATM switching stage such as host computers and telephone servers (cf. FIG. 1), have been omitted to simplify the illustration in this figure.
  • the expandability of the architecture is easy to see. Similar ETS, only doubled in number, are terminated via identical, also twice as many, concentrators to an ATM switching stage with double capacity and result in a switching system with a total doubled capacity (in this case for a total of 9600 connections).
  • the expandability of the arrangement is further made clear by the fact that, in order to achieve an even higher number of connections, several ATM switching stages form an ATM network. can be interconnected in a known manner. In this way, systems with up to 1 million connections should be possible.
  • the elementary telephone switching stage is a non-blocking switching stage with only a small to minimal capacity, which can supply approximately 480 connections (20 T1 lines).
  • the basic idea behind the design of the ETS lies in an open modular architecture, so that the user can change the configuration simply by installing additional modules in the switching stage. As a result, the switching stage can be expanded so that it also other than Teiephondienste can only perform basic services, for example by adding ISDN interfaces or data communication services etc.
  • FIG. 11 and 12 show the internal structure of an ETS.
  • FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment with VME bus modules
  • FIG. 12 shows an embodiment based on a personal computer (PC) with corresponding plug-in cards.
  • PC personal computer
  • the elementary telephone switching stage (ETS) in FIG. 11 consists of five module types (each module preferably being formed by one or more printed circuit boards), namely a main control module (MCM) (301), a switching matrix module (SMM) (302), and one T1 interface module (TIM) (303), an interface module for the digital signal processor (DIM) (304) and an interface module for the ATM concentrators (ACIM) (305).
  • MCM main control module
  • SMM switching matrix module
  • TIM T1 interface module
  • DIM digital signal processor
  • ACIM ATM concentrators
  • the standard VME bus allows the use of so-called shelf technology, gives the design of the system a certain flexibility, reduces costs and increases reliability, since additional modules can easily be added to the basic system.
  • the ETS exchanges information. to control its modules and the telephone path unit (308) over the VME bus.
  • the data exchange itself takes place through a memory divided into input and output areas I and 0 with a two-port read-write memory (RAM) with free access, which represents a shared, shared memory.
  • RAM read-write memory
  • the unit for the telephone path (308) consists of ordinary PCM multiplex lines and is used to switch voice and data with digitized PCM format.
  • the maximum bandwidth of the telephone path is determined by the maximum number of non-blocking connections of an ETS.
  • the main control module (MCM) (301) of the ETS must be able to control and maintain the operation of the ETS, such as switching, control of the telephone path and generation of statistics. Therefore the MCM has a strong micro control, e.g. based on an MC68302, which is specially designed for communications applications; VME plates based on an MC68302 are available on the market from stock.
  • the MCM can be equipped with a data interface (for example a SCSI interface) for connecting mass memories, such as a hard disk.
  • the SMM (302) provides a reciprocal connection of the digital telecommunication data (i.e. both voice and data) via the PCM-Muit piex lines (308) within the entire system. If the maximum switching size of an SM is> 480x480, an ETS up to 48C r.icr. -cloc- operate connections. This means that a ⁇ T ⁇ is unable to support the connection of up to 480 lines simultaneously.
  • the main component of the SMM is a switching matrix, like Mitel MT8980.
  • the T1 interface module (TIM) (303) forms an interface for the digital T1 line data to the digital one. Data streams from the processing system for telecommunications. For this purpose, one or more standardized T1 PCM multiplex lines (309) with a data rate of, for example, 1.55 Mbps can be connected to the module (303). For example, four T1 lines are provided per printed circuit board, the T1 interface module (TIM) also having the functions of signaling and checking in addition to the function as the signal interface and monitoring of the connected PCM lines. Each elementary telephone switching stage (ETS) is equipped with a number of T1 interface modules (TIM) (303) corresponding to the number of T1 lines (309) to be supplied. If an ETS telephone line with special properties is to be able to switch, for example to offer ISDN services, the T1 interface modules (TIM) of the ETS only have to have the corresponding features.
  • ETS elementary telephone switching stage
  • the DSP interface module (DIM) (304) preferably comprises one or more digital signal processors DSP; on the one hand, tones with multiple frequencies are generated and detected for processing certain classes of conversations; on the other hand, many different announcements can be stored in a read-only memory (ROM) and the system can be fed in via the DSP. Finally, all tone signals used in the system (conitiuous tone, cadence tone and shot tone) are generated in the DIM, the parameters of which are also read from a read-only memory and evaluated by the DSP.
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • the ETS also has an interface module for the ATM concentrators (ACIM) (305); it serves to forward the data in the individual ETS in order to then have the higher-level switching tasks performed by the ATM switching stage which is used for the linkage.
  • ACIM has a PCM data link (310) for connection to a concentrator.
  • Fig. 1 2 shows an alternative embodiment of an elementary. Telephone switching stage (ETS) as a system based on a PC.
  • the main control module (MCM) (351) is formed, for example, by a main plate of a PC equipped with at least one 486 or Pentium processor, to which the other modules are connected via one of the available PC buses (356), such as ISA or EISA of the ETS are connected.
  • the DSP interface module (DIM) (355) is formed by a DSP card which is available for PC applications.
  • an interface module for the ATM concentrators (ACIM) (357) is provided.
  • the ETS can be connected to a concentrator via a PCM data connection (360) originating from the ACIM.
  • the PCM data is transported between the individual modules of the ETS via PCM multiplex lines (358), which are preferably formed by an MVIP bus.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'une unité de commutation comprenant une banque de données constituée de fichiers individuels de données adressables au moyen d'un mot-clé, cette banque de données s'appuyant sur une mémoire de masse à temps d'accès relativement long. Afin de réduire le temps d'accès aux données, on installe une mémoire vive pour le stockage des fichiers de données de la banque de données. Une deuxième zone mémoire est prévue pour le stockage d'une zone de pointeurs sur ces fichiers de données, et l'accès s'effectue en déduisant du mot-clé un indice de zone. Après recherche d'un pointeur sur un fichier dans la première zone mémoire, le fichier est extrait soit de la mémoire vive soit de la mémoire de masse. Dans ce dernier cas, le fichier extrait est copié dans la mémoire vive où est inscrit un pointeur correspondant. A cet effet, on prévoit de préférence un système de commutation numérique évolutif pour la transmission de signaux MIC qui comprend au moins un ordinateur central (60), au moins un serveur téléphonique (70) et une pluralité (50) de plots de contact élémentaires de commutation téléphonique (ETS) (100, 101, ...), qui sont reliés entre eux par un réseau de communication (80) à haute vitesse.
EP96911947A 1995-03-27 1996-03-27 Procede de fonctionnement d'une unite de commutation et systeme de commutation numerique evolutif permettant de mettre en uvre ledit procede Withdrawn EP0818119A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH86495 1995-03-27
CH864/95 1995-03-27
PCT/EP1996/001332 WO1996031079A1 (fr) 1995-03-27 1996-03-27 Procede de fonctionnement d'une unite de commutation et systeme de commutation numerique evolutif permettant de mettre en ×uvre ledit procede

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0818119A1 true EP0818119A1 (fr) 1998-01-14

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EP96911947A Withdrawn EP0818119A1 (fr) 1995-03-27 1996-03-27 Procede de fonctionnement d'une unite de commutation et systeme de commutation numerique evolutif permettant de mettre en uvre ledit procede

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0818119A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5496996A (fr)
CA (1) CA2216530A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996031079A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6091808A (en) * 1996-10-17 2000-07-18 Nortel Networks Corporation Methods of and apparatus for providing telephone call control and information
EP1056308A1 (fr) * 1999-05-11 2000-11-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Système et procédé pour l'utilisation d'un réseau de données comme moyen de transmission dans une boucle locale d'abonnés

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0358597A3 (fr) * 1988-09-07 1990-12-12 ELMEG GmbH Kommunikationstechnik Central téléphonique
US5371890A (en) * 1991-10-30 1994-12-06 International Business Machines Corporation Problem state cross-memory communication using communication memory domains
US5349579A (en) * 1993-01-05 1994-09-20 Excel, Inc. Telecommunication switch with programmable communications services

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9631079A1 *

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Publication number Publication date
AU5496996A (en) 1996-10-16
CA2216530A1 (fr) 1996-10-03
WO1996031079A1 (fr) 1996-10-03

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