EP0816522B1 - Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes à graphite sphéroidal - Google Patents

Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes à graphite sphéroidal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0816522B1
EP0816522B1 EP97420097A EP97420097A EP0816522B1 EP 0816522 B1 EP0816522 B1 EP 0816522B1 EP 97420097 A EP97420097 A EP 97420097A EP 97420097 A EP97420097 A EP 97420097A EP 0816522 B1 EP0816522 B1 EP 0816522B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
ferroalloy
cast iron
bismuth
inoculation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97420097A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0816522A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Margaria
Robert Herold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ferroglobe France SAS
Original Assignee
Pechiney Electrometallurgie SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9608151A external-priority patent/FR2750142B1/fr
Application filed by Pechiney Electrometallurgie SAS filed Critical Pechiney Electrometallurgie SAS
Publication of EP0816522A1 publication Critical patent/EP0816522A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0816522B1 publication Critical patent/EP0816522B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
    • C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ferroalloy based on ferrosilicon for the treatment inoculation of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
  • Treatment of liquid cast irons to give them a graphite structure spheroidal comprises the succession of 4 operations: carburation, desulfurization, spheroidization and inoculation. This last operation is generally carried out at using a ferrosilicon-based alloy comprising various additives.
  • a product widely used for this purpose is the SPHERIX® alloy, marketed by Applicant and covered by French patent n ° 2511044, filed on 08/4/1981 at name of the company NOBEL-BOZEL. It is a ferrosilicon comprising 0.005% to 3% of rare earths and 0.005% to 3% of at least one of the elements bismuth, lead and / or antimony.
  • Alloys of this type contain approximately 1 to 1.5%, and always at least 0.6% of calcium; experience shows that this element improves the yield of bismuth, lead and / or antimony at the time of the development of the alloy, and helps distribute these elements evenly throughout the alloy.
  • Applicant's patent EP 0357521 relates to an alloy which combines the inoculant and nodulizing properties of cast iron, of composition (% by weight): Si: 41 - 65 Mg: 2-30 Bi: 0.1 - 4 Ca, Ba, Sr ⁇ 4 each Al ⁇ 1.5 Fe balance.
  • the alloy for compositions close to that exemplified in the patent, exhibits the same tendency to disintegrate on storage.
  • the invention aims to remedy this drawback while maintaining the good alloy results as inoculant. It relates to an alloy of the type of that described in patent FR 2511044, that is to say a ferrosilicon containing, by weight, 0.005% to 3% rare earths, 0.005% to 3% bismuth, lead and / or antimony, 0.3 to 3% calcium, and 0.3 to 3% magnesium, the remainder being ferrosilicon and unavoidable impurities, the Si / Fe ratio being greater than 2, and preferably 2.5.
  • the Applicant has studied the phenomenon and linked it to the decomposition by atmospheric humidity of a phase calcium-bismuth collected at the grain boundaries of the inoculants.
  • Calcium is an element of addition necessary for the fixation of bismuth, lead or antimony, poorly soluble in the iron-silicon phases. It is particularly important in the case of bismuth, the most volatile but also the most effective of the three elements in term of germination of the graphite of the cast iron, because it makes it possible to maintain a satisfactory yield of bismuth.
  • the Applicant has sought a substitute for calcium and discovered incidentally that magnesium makes it possible to avoid losses of bismuth by volatilization and to ensure the stability of the inoculant with respect to humidity.
  • the bismuth-magnesium binary phases are not attacked by water; this is the case, for example, of the Bi 2 Mg 3 phase.
  • the ternary phases bismuth-magnesium-calcium are also water resistant, which allows possibly maintain a certain amount of calcium in the product.
  • the alloy inoculant must contain 0.3 to 3% by weight of calcium, and preferably 0.5 to 2%, and from 0.3 to 3% of magnesium, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5%.
  • the alloy can be introduced into the liquid iron in the form of sieved grains of particle size between 2 and 7 mm, or in the form of a cored wire containing such grains
  • Alloy A corresponds to a usual composition of SPHERIX®, alloys B and C are in accordance with the invention.
  • alloys were ground into pieces and then sieved to a size between 2 and 7 mm and were stored for 1 month under normal storage conditions. AT after this storage, alloy A contained 34% by weight of size particles less than 2 mm and could not be used before being re-scaled to 2 mm, while the alloys B and C contained only 2.5% and 2.2% respectively and therefore had no not to be re-scanned before use.
  • An alloy D of composition (% by weight) was prepared: Yes It TR Bi Al Mg VS Fe 52.7 0.72 0.51 1.02 0.72 5.1 0.25 38.6

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'invention
L'invention concerne un ferroalliage à base de ferrosilicium destiné au traitement d'inoculation des fontes à graphite sphéroïdal.
Etat de la technique
Le traitement des fontes liquides pour leur conférer une structure à graphite sphéroïdal comporte la succession de 4 opérations: carburation, désulfuration, sphéroïdisation et inoculation. Cette dernière opération est généralement réalisée à l'aide d'un alliage à base de ferrosilicium comportant divers additifs. Un produit largement utilisé à cet effet est l'alliage SPHERIX®, commercialisé par la demanderesse et couvert par le brevet français n° 2511044, déposé le 4/08/1981 au nom de la société NOBEL-BOZEL. Il s'agit d'un ferrosilicium comprenant de 0,005% à 3% de terres rares et de 0,005% à 3% de l'un au moins des éléments bismuth, plomb et/ou antimoine.
Les alliages de ce type contiennent environ de 1 à 1,5%, et toujours au moins 0,6% de calcium; l'expérience montre en effet que cet élément améliore le rendement du bismuth, du plomb et/ou de l'antimoine au moment de l'élaboration de l'alliage, et contribue à répartir ces éléments de manière homogène dans l'alliage.
L'utilisation de ces alliages depuis de nombreuses années a permis de vérifier leur excellent pouvoir inoculant, mais a mis en évidence un inconvénient dans sa préparation. En effet, au cours du stockage, le produit tend à se déliter et sa granulométrie évolue vers un accroissement des fines. Lors du conditionnement final, un pourcentage important d'alliage à granulométrie trop fine doit être éliminé pour satisfaire les spécifications requises.
Le brevet EP 0357521 de la demanderesse concerne un alliage qui combine les propriétés d'inoculant et de nodulisant de la fonte, de composition (% en poids):
Si: 41 - 65   Mg: 2-30   Bi: 0,1 - 4   Ca, Ba, Sr < 4 chacun   Al < 1,5
balance Fe. L'alliage, pour des compositions voisines de celle exemplifiée dans le brevet, présente la même tendance à se déliter au stockage.
Objet de l'invention
L'invention a pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient tout en maintenant les bons résultats de l'alliage comme inoculant. Elle a pour objet un alliage du type de celui décrit dans le brevet FR 2511044, c'est à dire un ferrosilicium contenant, en poids, de 0,005% à 3% de terres rares, de 0,005% à 3% de bismuth, de plomb et/ou d'antimoine, de 0,3 à 3% calcium, et de 0,3 à 3% de magnésium, le reste étant du ferrosilicium et des impuretés inévitables, le rapport Si/Fe étant supérieur à 2, et de préférence à 2,5.
Description de l'invention
Ayant constaté la dégradation progressive au cours du temps de la granulométrie des inoculants au bismuth, au plomb ou à l'antimoine, la demanderesse a étudié le phénomène et l'a relié à la décomposition par l'humidité atmosphérique d'une phase calcium-bismuth rassemblée aux joints de grain des inoculants.
Le calcium est un élément d'addition nécessaire à la fixation du bismuth, du plomb ou de l'antimoine, peu solubles dans les phases fer-silicium. C'est particulièrement important dans le cas du bismuth, le plus volatil mais aussi le plus efficace des trois éléments en terme de germination du graphite de la fonte, car il permet de maintenir un rendement satisfaisant en bismuth.
La demanderesse a recherché un substitut au calcium et découvert fortuitement que le magnésium permettait d'éviter les pertes en bismuth par volatilisation et d'assurer la stabilité de l'inoculant vis-à-vis de l'humidité. On note en effet, de façon inattendue, que les phases binaires bismuth-magnésium ne sont pas attaquées par l'eau; c'est le cas par exemple de la phase Bi2Mg3.
On constate également, de manière encore plus inattendue, que les phases ternaires bismuth-magnésium-calcium sont, elles aussi, résistantes à l'eau, ce qui permet éventuellement de maintenir un certaine quantité de calcium dans le produit.
Ainsi, pour obtenir à la fois un rendement en bismuth satisfaisant, une répartition homogène du bismuth, du plomb ou de l'antimoine dans l'alliage, la stabilité granulométrique du produit final et un pouvoir inoculant satisfaisant, l'alliage inoculant doit contenir de 0,3 à 3% en poids de calcium, et de préférence de 0,5 à 2%, et de 0,3 à 3% de magnésium, de préférence de 0,5 à 1,5%.
On contate enfin que ce résultat ne peut être obtenu que si le ferrosilicium est à teneur élevée en silicium, plus précisément si le rapport Si/Fe est supérieur à 2, et de préférence, à 2,5, sinon le produit se délite au cours du stockage.
L'alliage peut être introduit dans la fonte liquide sous forme de grains tamisés de granulométrie comprise entre 2 et 7 mm, ou sous forme de fil fourré contenant de tels grains
Exemples Exemple 1
On a préparé 3 alliages inoculants A, B,C de composition chimique (% en poids):
Si Ca TR Bi Al Mg Fe
A 71,5 1,52 0,49 1,02 0,83 < 0,001 23,8
B 71,8 1,37 0,47 1,04 0,78 1,03 22,7
C 72,7 0,42 0,48 1,03 0,72 1,67 22,3
L'alliage A correspond à une composition habituelle de SPHERIX®, les alliages B et C sont conformes à l'invention.
Les alliages ont été broyés en morceaux puis tamisés à une taille comprise entre 2 et 7 mm et ont été stockés pendant 1 mois dans des conditions normales d'entreposage. A l'issue de ce stockage, l'alliage A contenait 34% en poids de particules de taille inférieure à 2 mm et ne pouvait être utilisé avant d'être retamisé à 2 mm, alors que les alliages B et C n'en contenaient respectivement que 2,5% et 2,2% et n'avaient donc pas à être retamisés avant usage.
Un creuset de fonte liquide, traitée avec 0,85% en poids par un alliage Ni-Mg à 15% de Mg, a été inoculé à 1410°C avec 0,7% en poids d'alliage A. Le même essai a été ensuite répété avec les alliages B et C. Les 3 creusets ont été utilisés pour couler des plaques de 6, 12 et 24 mm d'épaisseur. On a mesuré sur ces plaques, par microscopie optique, le nombre moyen de sphéroïdes par mm2, et les résultats ont été les suivants:
épaisseur 6 mm 12 mm 24 mm
A 390 180 150
B 380 180 155
C 385 185 145
Ces résultats montrent que le pouvoir inoculant des 3 alliages est à peu près identique.
Exemple 2
On a préparé un alliage D de composition (% en poids):
Si Ca TR Bi Al Mg C Fe
52,7 0,72 0,51 1,02 0,72 5,1 0,25 38,6
L'alliage a été coulé, broyé en morceaux et tamisé à une granulométrie comprise totalement entre 2 et 7 mm. A l'issue d'un stockage de 3 semaines après sa fabrication, on a mesuré à nouveau sa granulométrie:
  • passant à 5 mm: 100%
  • passant à 2 mm: 97%
  • passant à 1 mm: 52%
    • On constate que, pour cet alliage dont le rapport Si/Fe = 1,48, le délitement au cours du stockage est important.

    Claims (5)

    1. Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes à graphite sphéroïdal à base de ferrosilicium et contenant, en poids, de 0,005% à 3% de terres rares, de 0,005% à 3% de bismuth, de plomb et/ou d'antimoine, de 0,3 à 3% de calcium, et de 0,3 à 3% de magnésium, le reste étant du ferrosilicium et les impuretés inévitables, le rapport Si/Fe étant supérieur à 2.
    2. Ferroalliage selon la revendication 1 tel que le rapport Si/Fe est supérieur à 2,5.
    3. Ferroalliage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 contenant de 0,5 à 2% en poids de calcium.
    4. Ferroalliage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 contenant de 0,5 à 1,5% en poids de magnésium.
    5. Ferroalliage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 ajouté à la fonte sous forme de fil fourré.
    EP97420097A 1996-06-25 1997-06-23 Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes à graphite sphéroidal Expired - Lifetime EP0816522B1 (fr)

    Applications Claiming Priority (4)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9608151 1996-06-25
    FR9608151A FR2750142B1 (fr) 1996-06-25 1996-06-25 Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes a graphite spheroidal
    FR9702040A FR2750143B1 (fr) 1996-06-25 1997-02-17 Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes a graphite spheroidal
    FR9702040 1997-02-17

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0816522A1 EP0816522A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
    EP0816522B1 true EP0816522B1 (fr) 2001-02-28

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97420097A Expired - Lifetime EP0816522B1 (fr) 1996-06-25 1997-06-23 Ferroalliage pour l'inoculation des fontes à graphite sphéroidal

    Country Status (8)

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    US (1) US5733502A (fr)
    EP (1) EP0816522B1 (fr)
    AT (1) ATE199410T1 (fr)
    DE (1) DE69704137T2 (fr)
    DK (1) DK0816522T3 (fr)
    ES (1) ES2155976T3 (fr)
    FR (1) FR2750143B1 (fr)
    PT (1) PT816522E (fr)

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    US6335922B1 (en) 1997-02-11 2002-01-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for forward link rate scheduling
    FR2839082B1 (fr) * 2002-04-29 2004-06-04 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Alliage inoculant anti microretassure pour traitement des fontes de moulage
    FR2855186B1 (fr) * 2003-05-20 2005-06-24 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Produits inoculants contenant du bismuth et des terres rares
    TWI236488B (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-07-21 Taiwan Textile Res Inst Flame retarded composition and a polymer having thereof
    MC200112A1 (fr) * 2007-12-05 2008-07-02 Luca Cattaneo Procédé de modification de la phase graphitique dela fonte de la forme lamellaire à la forme sphéro ïdale ou vermiculaire à travers un monophylle animé
    FR2997962B1 (fr) 2012-11-14 2015-04-10 Ferropem Alliage inoculant pour pieces epaisses en fonte
    NO20161094A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-01 Elkem As Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant
    NO347571B1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2024-01-15 Elkem Materials Cast Iron Inoculant and Method for Production of Cast Iron Inoculant
    NO349041B1 (en) 2017-12-29 2025-09-08 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
    NO349037B1 (en) 2017-12-29 2025-09-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
    NO349312B1 (en) 2017-12-29 2025-12-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
    NO349310B1 (en) 2017-12-29 2025-12-01 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
    NO346252B1 (en) 2017-12-29 2022-05-09 Elkem Materials Cast iron inoculant and method for production of cast iron inoculant
    EP3575484A1 (fr) 2018-06-01 2019-12-04 LG Electronics Inc. -1- Appareil de traitement du linge
    MX392996B (es) * 2019-06-20 2025-03-24 Francisco Alfonso Labrador Rodriguez Aditivo para tratar hierro en fundicion para producir hierro fundido de contraccion cero y con grafito esferoidal tipo lonsdaleita
    CN116287552A (zh) * 2023-04-06 2023-06-23 江苏亚峰合金材料有限公司 安全环保的微颗粒含钡球化剂及加工工艺

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    DE295192C (fr) *
    JPS579813A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-01-19 Nippon Fuandorii Service Kk Graphite spheroidizing agent for molten iron
    FR2511044A1 (fr) * 1981-08-04 1983-02-11 Nobel Bozel Ferro-alliage pour le traitement d'inoculation des fontes a graphite spheroidal
    US4385030A (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-05-24 Foote Mineral Company Magnesium ferrosilicon alloy and use thereof in manufacture of modular cast iron
    JPS62161909A (ja) * 1986-01-10 1987-07-17 Kitagawa Tekkosho:Kk 球状黒鉛鋳鉄及びバ−ミキユラ−鋳鉄製造用添加剤
    FR2635534B1 (fr) * 1988-08-12 1992-04-03 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Procede d'obtention de fontes a graphite spheroidal

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    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US6910292B2 (en) 2003-02-06 2005-06-28 Maytag Corporation Clothes drying cabinet with improved air distribution

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DK0816522T3 (da) 2001-09-03
    DE69704137D1 (de) 2001-04-05
    PT816522E (pt) 2001-08-30
    ATE199410T1 (de) 2001-03-15
    ES2155976T3 (es) 2001-06-01
    US5733502A (en) 1998-03-31
    FR2750143A1 (fr) 1997-12-26
    FR2750143B1 (fr) 1998-08-14
    EP0816522A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
    DE69704137T2 (de) 2001-08-30

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