EP0815396A1 - Combustion grate and process for optimising its operation - Google Patents

Combustion grate and process for optimising its operation

Info

Publication number
EP0815396A1
EP0815396A1 EP96905649A EP96905649A EP0815396A1 EP 0815396 A1 EP0815396 A1 EP 0815396A1 EP 96905649 A EP96905649 A EP 96905649A EP 96905649 A EP96905649 A EP 96905649A EP 0815396 A1 EP0815396 A1 EP 0815396A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
temperature
preferably according
combustion grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96905649A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0815396B1 (en
Inventor
Theodor Koch
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0815396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0815396A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0815396B1 publication Critical patent/EP0815396B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/12—Fire-bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion grate and a method for optimizing the operation of a combustion grate.
  • combustion chambers which are caused by mechanical rust and by cooled or uncooled fireproof side walls are formed.
  • Grate coating cooling is also already known, such as the cooling of the grate covering by the combustion air flowing past in the air funnels or the forced cooling of the grate covering by the combustion air, which is pressed into the combustion chamber through a space which is formed from the grate bar and a baffle .
  • Water cooling of the grate is also known, the amount of water intended for the grate cooling keeping the grate at an approximately constant temperature, regardless of the calorific value of the fuel. This is again a disadvantage when burning fuels with a lower calorific value because heat is extracted from the combustion chamber. In this case, a higher cast coating temperature would be advantageous for the combustion.
  • the present invention aims to remedy this disadvantage.
  • 1 is a cooling diagram for an air / water cooled combustion grate with control loop
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation analogous to FIG. 2 of a rust zone, on an enlarged scale, 4 shows a section along section line IV-iv of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an air /
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the air / water cooled grate bar according to FIG. 5, in side / rear view,
  • Fig. 7 a turning grate bar with lifted side wall and metal hose connecting lines.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 The invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7 on an air / water-cooled combustion grate, which is designed as a feed grate in terms of function.
  • the invention can be easily applied to other grate designs, such as pyrolysis grate, degassing grate, gasification grate, combustion grate, high-temperature combustion grate, cooling grate, transport grate, counter-running grate, counter-overflow grate, push-back grate, roller grate and the like. like.
  • the feed grate 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 serves to transport the fuel and the slag resulting from the combustion through the combustion chamber and, at the same time, to function as a combustion air distribution device.
  • the grate consists of several zones which are arranged horizontally or inclined.
  • the individual zones can be on the same level or separated by a fall.
  • Each individual grate zone consists of fixed and movable grate steps with fixed grate bars 3 and movable grate bars 2.
  • the movable steps are pushed back and forth with a variable number of strokes, whereby the fuel is transported. is turned and turned. The number of strokes depends on the fuel and the combustion process.
  • the combustion takes place in the fuel layer, through which the combustion air, so-called underwind, is blown into the combustion chamber from below through gaps in the grate covering 22 (FIG. 2).
  • the combustion air which is operatively connected to the control circuit via a heat exchanger, simultaneously serves to cool the grate covering 22.
  • the gaps between the individual grate bars 2 and 3 must be so small that as little as possible unburned small parts can fall through. These gaps are all evenly distributed over the entire grate surface.
  • the stroke length and the lifting speed of the movable grate covering 22 of the individual grate zones 20 are set as a function of the heat release on the grate 1 or in the combustion chamber.
  • the function of the grate covering 22 is thus defined as follows:
  • the grate covering 22 conveys the fuel through the combustion chamber.
  • the grate covering 22 serves as an air distribution device for the downwind.
  • the grate covering 22 is exposed to high thermal stress and, due to the high purchase costs and long downtimes during possible repairs, has a long service life and great operational reliability.
  • the cooling liquid for the feed grate 1 is supplied via distributor 5 and, after the grate bars 2 or 3 have flowed through, is collected in collectors 6 and returned.
  • water can be provided as the cooling liquid, but in particular also liquids with higher boiling points, for example certain oils.
  • Another heat exchanger in the water network is used to heat or cool the downwind.
  • a temperature sensor or a temperature measuring point By attaching a temperature sensor or a temperature measuring point, a desired temperature in the combustion chamber, in particular the temperature of the underwind, can be measured after leaving the grate 1.
  • the temperature of the underwind can be increased or decreased by appropriate regulation of the liquid medium flowing through the grate, depending on the control program provided, which in particular has to be adapted to the specific type of fuel.
  • the necessary flow fittings are also provided in order to carry out corresponding bridging (bypass) of control parts and thus to switch them off.
  • the coolant flow is marked by corresponding arrows.
  • FIG. 2 shows the feed grate 1, which has three grate zones 20.
  • the grate bars 2 and 3 are mounted on grate slides 21 and have a grate covering 22 facing the combustion chamber.
  • Air funnels 23, which define air zones 24, are provided on the underside of the feed grate 1.
  • 3 shows an enlarged side view of a grate with fixed grate steps 27 and movable grate steps 28.
  • a supply line 30 is used for supplying the coolant to the fixed grate steps and a supply line 31 for supplying the coolant to the movable grate steps 28.
  • Fig. 3 also shows a feed water cylinder 33, which takes into account the displacements of the movable grate steps 28.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show a perspective view of details of an air / water-cooled grate bar in a simple design. It can be a movable grate bar 2 or a fixed grate bar 3.
  • This grate bar with the grate covering 22 has a dividing wall 40 in its interior, so that a first cooling chamber 41 and a second cooling chamber 42 lying parallel thereto are formed in the longitudinal direction.
  • a water flow opening 43 At the front end of the grate bar 2 or 3 there is a water flow opening 43. This creates the connection between the two cooling chambers 41 and 42.
  • a corrugated baffle plate 45 which is arranged parallel to the partition 40 and which increases the heat exchange.
  • the grate bars 2, 3 are pivotally mounted on a grate shaft 46.
  • a distributor 48 which supports the grate shaft 46 and below this a collector 47 which, in conjunction with the cooling water supply line 50 and the hot water return line 51, ensure the flow of the coolant through the grate rod. Due to the large temperature differences occurring on the grate in the use and non-use state and as a result of the movements of the grate bars 2, the cooling water supply and return lines 50 and 51 are provided with helical spring-shaped windings, so-called temperature compensation elements 52.
  • FIG. 7 shows a turning grate bar 60 which is pivotably mounted on a grate bar support 61.
  • a supporting coolant distributor 62 is also located underneath this grate support 61, combined with a collector 63.
  • the one cooling chamber 65 is equipped with a corrugated baffle plate 66.
  • a connection line 68 consisting of a metal hose is provided, which ensures connections free of thermal stress for the flow medium.
  • a bearing shell 70 is also provided at its front end, so that, according to any uneven wear of the grate covering 22, the turning grate bar 60 is rotated and the front bearing shell 70 onto the grate bar carrier 61 can be set.
  • Corresponding connection and connection points are provided at the front end of the turning grate bar 60, as can be seen.
  • the influence of thermal overloads of the combustion grate is limited locally or on the entire grate surface by means of the air / water-cooled grate covering in such a way that the known operational disturbances and wear of the grate cover can be largely excluded .
  • This is due to the air / water cooling of the rust ges, as shown and explained in Fig. 1.
  • the cooling takes place as a function of the cooling water quantity and the cooling water temperature as well as the heat release on the grate.
  • the temperature control is achieved by means of a temperature sensor or temperature measuring system.
  • a further special feature of the invention is that when waste with a low calorific value is burned, the heat removed from the liquid circuit from the grate bar is released to the combustion air by means of heat exchange between grate bar and combustion air, which is very intensive due to the geometric shape of the grate bar and thus the combustion of the garbage lying on the grate is accelerated.
  • the cooling creates advantages in the combustion of waste with a high, but also with a low calorific value, since the heat removed can be fed back into the combustion air if required.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

A combustion grate including fire bars which are either wholly or partially cooled by a fluid circulating in a closed regulating circuit. The flow lines which conduct the fluid have thermal expansion capability. In particular, windings are provided in the shape of a helical spring in these flow lines. The fire bars include corrugated exchangers and can be replaceable rods.

Description

Verbrennungsrost und verfahren zum Optimieren des Betriebes eines VerbrennungsrostesCombustion grate and method for optimizing the operation of a combustion grate
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Verbrennungsrost sowie ein Verfahren zum Optimieren des Betriebes eines Ver¬ brennungsrostes.The present invention relates to a combustion grate and a method for optimizing the operation of a combustion grate.
Es ist bekannt, dass für die Verbrennung unterschiedlicher Brennstoffe, wie Hausmüll, Industriemüll, Holzabfälle, feste, poröse und flüssige Brennstoffe sowie Brennstoffe mit hoher und niedriger Zündwilligkeit, vorzugsweise Feuerräume zur An¬ wendung kommen, die durch einen mechanischen Rost und durch gekühlte oder ungekühlte feuerfeste Seitenwände gebildet sind.It is known that for the combustion of different fuels, such as household waste, industrial waste, wood waste, solid, porous and liquid fuels and fuels with high and low ignitability, preferably combustion chambers are used, which are caused by mechanical rust and by cooled or uncooled fireproof side walls are formed.
Derartige Anlagen weisen den Nachteil auf, dass ihr Betrieb nicht für jeden der Brennstoffe optimal gestaltet werden kann und daher gewisse, insbesondere Rostteile solcher Anlagen Störungen und kurze Lebensdauern aufweisen.Systems of this type have the disadvantage that their operation cannot be optimally designed for each of the fuels and therefore certain, in particular rust parts of such systems have faults and short lifetimes.
Es sind auch bereits Rostbelagskühlungen bekannt, wie die Kühlung des Rostbelages durch die in den Lufttrichtern vor¬ beiströmende Verbrennungsluft oder die Zwangskühlung des Rostbelages durch die Verbrennungsluft, welche durch einen Raum, der aus dem Roststab und einem Leitblech gebildet ist, in den Feuerraum gepresst wird.Grate coating cooling is also already known, such as the cooling of the grate covering by the combustion air flowing past in the air funnels or the forced cooling of the grate covering by the combustion air, which is pressed into the combustion chamber through a space which is formed from the grate bar and a baffle .
Diese bekannten Kύhlarten sind von der Verbrennungsluftmenge abhängig, wobei die Luftaustritte im Feuerraum durch Asche, feste Metalle oder Schlacke verstopft werden können. Somit ist die Kühlung des entsprechenden Belags nicht mehr gesichert. Dies kann zu Störungen führen. Zugleich sind diese Kühlungsarten mit dem Nachteil behaftet, dass die Verbren¬ nungsluftmenge in erster Linie eine verfahrenstechnische Funktion hat und nicht eine Kühlfunktion erfüllen muss. Eine Aenderung der Verbrennungsluftmenge in Abhängigkeit der Kühl- wirkung ist nicht immer durchführbar. Auch in diesem Fall ist die Kühlwirkung des Rostbelages nicht gewährleistet.These known types of cooling are dependent on the amount of combustion air, and the air outlets in the combustion chamber can be blocked by ash, solid metals or slag. The cooling of the corresponding covering is therefore no longer ensured. This can lead to malfunctions. At the same time, these are Types of cooling have the disadvantage that the amount of combustion air primarily has a process function and does not have to perform a cooling function. Changing the amount of combustion air depending on the cooling effect is not always feasible. In this case too, the cooling effect of the grate covering is not guaranteed.
Es sind auch Wasserkühlungen des Rostbelages bekannt, wobei die für die Rostbelagskühlung bestimmte Wassermenge den Rost- belag auf einer etwa konstanten Temperatur hält, und zwar un¬ abhängig vom Heizwert des Brennstoffs. Dies ist wiederum ein Nachteil bei der Verbrennung von Brennstoffen mit tieferem Heizwert, weil dem Feuerraum Wärme entzogen wird. In diesem Falle wäre eine höhere Gussbelagstemperatur für die Verbren¬ nung von vorteil.Water cooling of the grate is also known, the amount of water intended for the grate cooling keeping the grate at an approximately constant temperature, regardless of the calorific value of the fuel. This is again a disadvantage when burning fuels with a lower calorific value because heat is extracted from the combustion chamber. In this case, a higher cast coating temperature would be advantageous for the combustion.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezweckt, diesem Uebelstand abzu¬ helfen.The present invention aims to remedy this disadvantage.
In diesem Sinne zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemässe Verbren¬ nungsrost und das Verfahren zu dessen optimalen Betrieb durch einen der Ansprüche aus.In this sense, the combustion grate according to the invention and the method for its optimal operation are characterized by one of the claims.
Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using a drawing.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Kühlschema für einen Luft/Wasser gekühlten Verbrennungsrost mit Regelkreis,1 is a cooling diagram for an air / water cooled combustion grate with control loop,
Fig. 2 eine seitliche Darstellung eines Vorschubrostes,2 is a side view of a feed grate,
Fig. 3 eine Darstellung analog Fig. 2 einer Rostzone, in vergrössertem Massstab, Fig. 4 einen Schnitt gemäss Schnittlinie IV - iv der Fig. 3,3 shows a representation analogous to FIG. 2 of a rust zone, on an enlarged scale, 4 shows a section along section line IV-iv of FIG. 3,
Fig. 5 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Luft/5 is a perspective view of an air /
Wasser gekühlten Roststabes in Seitenansicht von vorne, mit weggebrochenen Teilen,Water-cooled grate bar in side view from the front, with parts broken away,
Fig. 6 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Luft/Wasser gekühlten Roststabes gemäss Fig. 5, in Seiten-/ Hinteransicht,6 is a perspective view of the air / water cooled grate bar according to FIG. 5, in side / rear view,
Fig. 7 einen Wenderoststab mit weggehobener Seitenwand und Metallschlauch-Verbindungsleitungen.Fig. 7 a turning grate bar with lifted side wall and metal hose connecting lines.
Die Erfindung wird in den Fig. 1 bis 7 an einem Luft/Wasser gekühlten Verbrennungsrost erläutert, welcher bezüglich Funk¬ tionsweise als Vorschubrost ausgebildet ist. Dabei lässt sich die Erfindung aber problemlos auf andere Rostausführungen anwenden, wie Pyrolysenrost, Entgasungsrost, Vergasungsrost, Verbrennungsrost, Hochtemperaturverbrennungsrost, Kühlrost, Transportrost, Gegenlaufrost, Gegenüberschubrost, Rückschub- rost, Walzenrost u. dgl.The invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7 on an air / water-cooled combustion grate, which is designed as a feed grate in terms of function. However, the invention can be easily applied to other grate designs, such as pyrolysis grate, degassing grate, gasification grate, combustion grate, high-temperature combustion grate, cooling grate, transport grate, counter-running grate, counter-overflow grate, push-back grate, roller grate and the like. like.
Der in Fig. 1 Schematisch dargestellte Vorschubrost 1 dient dazu, den Brennstoff und die aus der Verbrennung entstehende Schlacke durch den Feuerraum zu transportieren und gleichzei¬ tig als Verbrennungsluft-Verteilvorrichtung zu funktionieren.The feed grate 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 serves to transport the fuel and the slag resulting from the combustion through the combustion chamber and, at the same time, to function as a combustion air distribution device.
Der Rost besteht aus mehreren Zonen, die waagrecht oder ge¬ neigt angeordnet sind. Die einzelnen Zonen können auf der gleichen Ebene liegen oder durch einen Sturz getrennt sein.The grate consists of several zones which are arranged horizontally or inclined. The individual zones can be on the same level or separated by a fall.
Jede einzelne Rostzone besteht aus festen und beweglichen Roststufen mit festen Roststäben 3 und beweglichen Roststäben 2. Die beweglichen Stufen werden mit veränderlicher Hubzahl vor- und zurückgeschoben, wodurch der Brennstoff transpor- tiert und gewendet wird. Die Hubzahl ist vom Brennstoff und vom Verbrennungsvorgang abhängig. Die Verbrennung findet in der BrennstoffSchicht statt, durch welche die verbrennungs- luft, sog. Unterwind, von unten durch Spalte im Rostbelag 22 (Fig. 2) in den Feuerraum geblasen wird. Dabei dient die Verbrennungsluft, welche über einen Wärmetauscher mit dem Re¬ gelkreis wirkverbunden ist, gleichzeitig der Kühlung des Rostbelages 22. Die Spalte zwischen den einzelnen Roststäben 2 bzw. 3 müssen so klein sein, dass möglichst wenig un¬ verbrannte Kleinteile durchfallen können. Diese Spalte sind alle gleichmässig über die gesamte Rostbelagfläche verteilt.Each individual grate zone consists of fixed and movable grate steps with fixed grate bars 3 and movable grate bars 2. The movable steps are pushed back and forth with a variable number of strokes, whereby the fuel is transported. is turned and turned. The number of strokes depends on the fuel and the combustion process. The combustion takes place in the fuel layer, through which the combustion air, so-called underwind, is blown into the combustion chamber from below through gaps in the grate covering 22 (FIG. 2). The combustion air, which is operatively connected to the control circuit via a heat exchanger, simultaneously serves to cool the grate covering 22. The gaps between the individual grate bars 2 and 3 must be so small that as little as possible unburned small parts can fall through. These gaps are all evenly distributed over the entire grate surface.
Die Hublänge und die Hubgeschwindigkeit des beweglichen Rost- belages 22 der einzelnen Rostzonen 20 ist in Abhängigkeit der Wärmeentbindung auf dem Rost 1 bzw. im Feuerraum eingestellt.The stroke length and the lifting speed of the movable grate covering 22 of the individual grate zones 20 are set as a function of the heat release on the grate 1 or in the combustion chamber.
Die Funktion des Rostbelages 22 ist somit wie folgt defi¬ niert:The function of the grate covering 22 is thus defined as follows:
Der Rostbelag 22 fördert den Brennstoff durch den Feuerraum.The grate covering 22 conveys the fuel through the combustion chamber.
Der Rostbelag 22 dient als LuftverteilVorrichtung für den Unterwind.The grate covering 22 serves as an air distribution device for the downwind.
Der Rostbelag 22 ist einer hohen thermischen Belastung ausge¬ setzt und hat aufgrund der hohen Anschaffungskosten und gros- sen Stillstandszeiten bei eventuellen Reparaturen eine lange Lebensdauer und grosse Betriebssicherheit aufzuweisen.The grate covering 22 is exposed to high thermal stress and, due to the high purchase costs and long downtimes during possible repairs, has a long service life and great operational reliability.
Die Kühlflüssigkeit für den Vorschubrost 1 wird über Vertei¬ ler 5 zugeleitet und nach dem Durchfliessen der Roststäbe 2 bzw. 3 in Sammlern 6 gesammelt und rückgeführt. Als Kühlflüs¬ sigkeit kann nicht nur Wasser vorgesehen werden, sondern ins¬ besondere auch Flüssigkeiten mit höheren Siedepunkten, bei¬ spielsweise gewisse Oele. Es ist aber auch möglich, mit Hilfe der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Regelanlage die Flüssigkeit zu erwärmen und damit beim DurchfHessen des Vorschubrostes 1 gegebenenfalls Wärme an den Rost abzugeben.The cooling liquid for the feed grate 1 is supplied via distributor 5 and, after the grate bars 2 or 3 have flowed through, is collected in collectors 6 and returned. Not only water can be provided as the cooling liquid, but in particular also liquids with higher boiling points, for example certain oils. However, it is also possible to use the control system shown in FIG. 1 to add the liquid heat up and, if necessary, give off heat to the grate when passing through the feed grate 1.
Aus dem Kühlwasserschema gemäss Fig. 1 ist ersichtlich, dass dieses Wasser bzw. die den Rost durchströmende Flüssigkeit in einem Wärmetauscher gekühlt oder erhitzt werden kann.1 shows that this water or the liquid flowing through the grate can be cooled or heated in a heat exchanger.
Ein weiterer Wärmetauscher im wassernetz dient der Erhitzung bzw. Kühlung des Unterwindes. Durch das Anbringen eines Tem¬ peraturfühlers oder einer Temperaturmessstelle kann eine ge¬ wünschte Temperatur im Feuerraum, insbesondere die Temperatur des Unterwindes, nach Verlassen des Rostes 1 bemessen werden. Durch entsprechende Regulierung des den Rost durchfliessenden Flüssigkeitsmittels kann die Temperatur des Unterwindes er¬ höht oder gesenkt werden, je nach vorgesehenem Regelprogramm, das insbesondere der spezifischten Art des Brennstoffes anzu¬ passen ist.Another heat exchanger in the water network is used to heat or cool the downwind. By attaching a temperature sensor or a temperature measuring point, a desired temperature in the combustion chamber, in particular the temperature of the underwind, can be measured after leaving the grate 1. The temperature of the underwind can be increased or decreased by appropriate regulation of the liquid medium flowing through the grate, depending on the control program provided, which in particular has to be adapted to the specific type of fuel.
Auf diese Weise entsteht der grosse Vorteil, dass mit dem Durchflussmedium die Unterwindtemperatur in den vorgesehenen Grenzen veränderbar ist, ohne dass die Unterwindmenge dadurch beeinflusst wird.This has the great advantage that the underflow temperature can be changed within the intended limits with the flow medium, without the underwind quantity being influenced thereby.
Im Kühlwasserschema gemäss Fig. 1 sind auch die nötigen Durchflussarmaturen vorgesehen, um entsprechende Ueberbrük- kungen (Bypass) von Regelteilen vorzunehmen und diese damit auszuschalten.In the cooling water diagram according to FIG. 1, the necessary flow fittings are also provided in order to carry out corresponding bridging (bypass) of control parts and thus to switch them off.
Der Kühlmittelfluss ist durch entsprechende Pfeile gekenn¬ zeichnet.The coolant flow is marked by corresponding arrows.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Vorschubrost 1, welcher drei Rostzonen 20 aufweist. Die Roststäbe 2 bzw. 3 sind auf Rostschlitten 21 gelagert und weisen einen dem Feuerraum zugekehrten Rostbelag 22 auf. Auf der Unterseite des Vorschubrostes 1 sind Luft- trichter 23 vorgesehen, welche Luftzonen 24 festlegen. Fig. 3 zeigt in vergrösserter Darstellung eine Seitenansicht eines Rostes mit festen Roststufen 27 und beweglichen Rost- stufen 28. Für die Zuleitung des Kühlmittels in die festen Roststufen dient eine Zuleitung 30 und für die Zuleitung des Kühlmittels in die beweglichen Roststufen 28 eine Zuleitung 31. Fig. 3 zeigt ebenfalls einen Speisewasserzylinder 33, welcher den Verschiebungen der beweglichen Roststufen 28 Rechnung trägt.2 shows the feed grate 1, which has three grate zones 20. The grate bars 2 and 3 are mounted on grate slides 21 and have a grate covering 22 facing the combustion chamber. Air funnels 23, which define air zones 24, are provided on the underside of the feed grate 1. 3 shows an enlarged side view of a grate with fixed grate steps 27 and movable grate steps 28. A supply line 30 is used for supplying the coolant to the fixed grate steps and a supply line 31 for supplying the coolant to the movable grate steps 28. Fig. 3 also shows a feed water cylinder 33, which takes into account the displacements of the movable grate steps 28.
In Fig. 4, welche einen Schnitt durch den Rost gemäss Fig. 3 nach Schnittlinie IV - IV darstellt, sind die beiden Zulei¬ tungen 30 und 31 ebenfalls ersichtlich. Zusätzlich sind die Abflussleitungen 35 und 36 für das Durchflussmittel einge¬ zeichnet.4, which shows a section through the grate according to FIG. 3 along section line IV-IV, the two feed lines 30 and 31 can also be seen. In addition, the drain lines 35 and 36 for the flow medium are shown.
Die Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen in perspektivischer Darstellung Ein¬ zelheiten eines Luft/Wasser gekühlten Roststabes in einfacher Ausführung. Es kann sich dabei um einen beweglichen Roststab 2 oder einen festen Roststab 3 handeln. Dieser Roststab mit dem Rostbelag 22 weist in seinem Inneren eine Trennwand 40 auf, so dass in Längsrichtung eine erste Kühlkammer 41 sowie eine parallel dazu liegende zweite Kühlkammer 42 entsteht. Am vorderen Ende des RostStabes 2 bzw. 3 befindet sich eine Was¬ serdurchflussöffnung 43. Diese stellt die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Kühlkammern 41 und 42 her. In jeder dieser Kühl¬ kammern befindet sich ein parallel zur Trennwand 40 angeord¬ netes gewelltes Leitblech 45, welches den Wärmeaustausch erhöht.5 and 6 show a perspective view of details of an air / water-cooled grate bar in a simple design. It can be a movable grate bar 2 or a fixed grate bar 3. This grate bar with the grate covering 22 has a dividing wall 40 in its interior, so that a first cooling chamber 41 and a second cooling chamber 42 lying parallel thereto are formed in the longitudinal direction. At the front end of the grate bar 2 or 3 there is a water flow opening 43. This creates the connection between the two cooling chambers 41 and 42. In each of these cooling chambers there is a corrugated baffle plate 45 which is arranged parallel to the partition 40 and which increases the heat exchange.
Die Roststäbe 2, 3 sind auf einer Rostwelle 46 verschwenkbar gelagert. Unmittelbar unterhalb der Rostwelle 46 befindet sich ein die Rostwelle 46 stützender Verteiler 48 und unter diesem ein Sammler 47, welche in Zusammenhang mit der Kühl- wasserzuleitung 50 und der Heisswasserrückleitung 51 den Durchfluss des Kühlmittels durch den Roststab sicherstellen. Bedingt durch die grossen auftretenden Temperaturdifferenzen am Rost im Gebrauchs- und Nichtgebrauchszustand und infolge der Bewegungen der Roststäbe 2 sind die Kühlwasserzu- und Rückführleitungen 50 bzw. 51 mit schraubenfederförmigen Win¬ dungen, sog. Temperaturkompensationselementen 52, versehen.The grate bars 2, 3 are pivotally mounted on a grate shaft 46. Immediately below the grate shaft 46 is a distributor 48 which supports the grate shaft 46 and below this a collector 47 which, in conjunction with the cooling water supply line 50 and the hot water return line 51, ensure the flow of the coolant through the grate rod. Due to the large temperature differences occurring on the grate in the use and non-use state and as a result of the movements of the grate bars 2, the cooling water supply and return lines 50 and 51 are provided with helical spring-shaped windings, so-called temperature compensation elements 52.
Aufgrund dieser Anordnung wird das System der Kühlung sowohl im Ruhe- als auch im Betriebszustand an den Verbindungsstel¬ len dicht gehalten.Because of this arrangement, the cooling system is kept tight at the connection points both in the idle and in the operating state.
Fig. 7 zeigt einen Wenderoststab 60, welcher auf einem Rost- stabträger 61 schwenkbar gelagert ist. Unterhalb dieses Rost- st.abträgers 61 befindet sich ebenfalls ein stützender Kühl- flüssigkeitsverteiler 62, kombiniert mit einem Sammler 63. Der eine Kühlraum 65 ist mit einem gewellten Leitblech 66 ausgerüstet. In diesem Falle ist eine aus einem Metall- schlauch bestehende Verbindungsleitung 68 vorgesehen, welche wärmespannungsfreie Verbindungen für das Durchflussmittel sicherstellt.FIG. 7 shows a turning grate bar 60 which is pivotably mounted on a grate bar support 61. A supporting coolant distributor 62 is also located underneath this grate support 61, combined with a collector 63. The one cooling chamber 65 is equipped with a corrugated baffle plate 66. In this case, a connection line 68 consisting of a metal hose is provided, which ensures connections free of thermal stress for the flow medium.
Da es sich um einen sog. Wenderoststab 60 handelt, ist an seinem vorderen Ende ebenfalls eine Lagerschale 70 vorgese¬ hen, so dass, entsprechend allfällig ungleichmässiger Abnut¬ zung des Rostbelages 22, der Wenderoststab 60 gedreht und die vordere Lagerschale 70 auf den RostStabträger 61 gesetzt wer¬ den kann. Entsprechende Verbindungs- und Anschlussstellen sind am vorderen Ende des WenderostStabes 60, wie ersicht¬ lich, vorgesehen.Since it is a so-called turning grate bar 60, a bearing shell 70 is also provided at its front end, so that, according to any uneven wear of the grate covering 22, the turning grate bar 60 is rotated and the front bearing shell 70 onto the grate bar carrier 61 can be set. Corresponding connection and connection points are provided at the front end of the turning grate bar 60, as can be seen.
Mit der beschriebenen Anlage und dem vorgesehenen Regelkreis wird mittels des Luft/Wasser gekühlten Rostbelages der Ein- fluss von thermischen Ueberbelastungen des Verbrennungsrostes örtlich oder auf der gesamten Rostfläche derart einge¬ schränkt, dass die bekannten Betriebsstörungen und Abnützun¬ gen des Rostbelages weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden können. Dies ist bedingt durch die Luft/Wasserkühlung des Rostbela- ges, wie dies in Fig. 1 dargestellt und erläutert wurde. Da¬ bei erfolgt die Kühlung in Abhängigkeit der Kühlwassermenge und der Kühlwassertemperatur sowie der Wärmeentbindung auf dem Rost. Dazu wird, wie erläutert, die Temperaturregelung mittels Temperaturfühler oder Temperaturmessanlage erreicht.With the described system and the intended control circuit, the influence of thermal overloads of the combustion grate is limited locally or on the entire grate surface by means of the air / water-cooled grate covering in such a way that the known operational disturbances and wear of the grate cover can be largely excluded . This is due to the air / water cooling of the rust ges, as shown and explained in Fig. 1. The cooling takes place as a function of the cooling water quantity and the cooling water temperature as well as the heat release on the grate. For this purpose, as explained, the temperature control is achieved by means of a temperature sensor or temperature measuring system.
Eine weitere Besonderheit der Erfindung liegt darin, dass bei Verbrennung von Müll mit niedrigem Heizwert die aus dem Flύs- sigkeitskreislauf dem Roststab entnommene Wärme mittels Wär- metauschs zwischen Roststab und Verbrennungsluft, welcher aufgrund der geometrischen Form des Roststabes sehr intensiv ist, an die verbrennungsluf abgegeben und somit die Verbren¬ nung des auf dem Rost liegenden Mülls beschleunigt wird.A further special feature of the invention is that when waste with a low calorific value is burned, the heat removed from the liquid circuit from the grate bar is released to the combustion air by means of heat exchange between grate bar and combustion air, which is very intensive due to the geometric shape of the grate bar and thus the combustion of the garbage lying on the grate is accelerated.
Bei Verbrennung von Müll mit hohem Heizwert wird den entspre¬ chenden Rostteilen durch die Kuhlflüssigkeit eine grössere Wärmemenge entnommen, wogegen bei Verbrennung von Müll mit tiefem Heizwert im Rostbelag eine geringere Wärme abgeführt wird, die, um in jedem Fall den Verbrennungsprozess zu be¬ schleunigen, für die Aufwärmung der Verbrennungsluf verwen¬ det wird. Die grössere Abgabe der Wärme an die Verbrennungs- luft und somit die Erhöhung der Lufttemperatur wird erreicht, indem man die Kühlwassermenge aufgrund der feuerraumseitig vorkommenden kleineren spezifischen Wärmeentbindung stärker reduziert als die Wärmeentbindung auf dem Rost und somit die Temperatur des Kühlwassers stärker erhöht. Damit findet eine verstärkte Wärmeabgabe vom RostStab an die verbrennungsluft statt.When burning garbage with a high calorific value, a larger amount of heat is removed from the corresponding grate parts by the cooling liquid, whereas when burning garbage with a low calorific value, less heat is dissipated in the grate covering, which in order to accelerate the combustion process in any case, is used for heating the combustion air. The greater transfer of heat to the combustion air and thus the increase in air temperature is achieved by reducing the amount of cooling water due to the smaller specific heat release occurring on the combustion chamber side than the heat release on the grate and thus increasing the temperature of the cooling water more. This means that there is increased heat emission from the grate bar to the combustion air.
Auf diese Weise entstehen durch die Kühlung Vorteile bei der Verbrennung von Müll mit hohem, aber auch mit tiefem Heiz¬ wert, da die entnommene Wärme bei Bedarf der Verbrennungs- luft wieder zugeführt werden kann.In this way, the cooling creates advantages in the combustion of waste with a high, but also with a low calorific value, since the heat removed can be fed back into the combustion air if required.
In diesem Sinne ist es neuartig, die Kühlfunktion und die Verfahrensfunktion sinnvollerweise zu trennen und so auszu- führen, dass bei einer verfahrenstechnisch bedingten Aende- rung der Verbrennungsluftmenge unter dem Rost (Unterwind) die Wirkung der Rostbelagskühlung derart beeinflusst wird, dass weitgehend keine Störungen auftreten können. In this sense, it is novel to usefully separate the cooling function and the process function and thus to result in a process-related change in the amount of combustion air under the grate (underwind), the effect of the grate cooling is influenced so that largely no faults can occur.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Verbrennungsrost, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er über einen Regelkreis ganz oder teilweise sowohl gas- als auch flüssigkeitsgekühlt ist. (Fig. 1)1. Combustion grate, characterized in that it is completely or partially both gas and liquid cooled via a control loop. (Fig. 1)
2. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelgrδsse die Rosttemperatur ist.2. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, as in claim 1, characterized in that the control variable is the grate temperature.
3. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelgrösse mindestens eine Roststabtemperatur ist.3. combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, as in claim 1, characterized in that the controlled variable is at least one grate bar temperature.
4. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelgrösse die Verbrennungslufttemperatur, insbesondere die Unterwindtemperatur ist.4. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the controlled variable is the combustion air temperature, in particular the underwind temperature.
5. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass die Stellgrösse des Regelkreises die Kühl- wasserdurchflussmenge pro Zeiteinheit und/oder die Kühlwas¬ sertemperatur ist.5. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized ge indicates that the manipulated variable of the control loop is the cooling water flow rate per unit time and / or the cooling water temperature.
6. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass der Regelkreis geschlossen ist.6. combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized ge indicates that the control loop is closed.
7. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass flüssigkeitsfύhrende, insbesondere bewegte Leitungen (50, 51) mit Wärmedehnungs-Kompensationsmitteln (52) , insbesondere mit schraubenfederartigen Windungen ausge¬ rüstet sind.7. combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized ge indicates that liquid-carrying, in particular moving Lines (50, 51) are equipped with thermal expansion compensation means (52), in particular with helical spring-like windings.
8. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass flüssigkeitsführende Verbindungsleitungen als Metallschläuche (68) ausgebildet sind.8. combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized ge indicates that liquid-carrying connecting lines are designed as metal hoses (68).
9. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass der Regelkreis mindestens einen Tempera¬ turabnehmer für die verbrennungsluft aufweist, welcher auf einen Flüssigkeitsmengen- oder Temperaturregler wirkt. (Fig. 1)9. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized ge indicates that the control circuit has at least one temperature consumer for the combustion air, which acts on a liquid quantity or temperature controller. (Fig. 1)
10. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass der Regelkreis mindestens einen Wärmetau¬ scher für die Kühlflüssigkeit und vorzugsweise einen für die Verbrennungsluft aufweist. (Fig. 1)10. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized ge indicates that the control circuit has at least one heat exchanger for the cooling liquid and preferably one for the combustion air. (Fig. 1)
11. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regelkreis eine Umwälzpumpe und min¬ destens ein Regelventil im Flύssigkeitskreislauf aufweist. (Fig. 1)11. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the control circuit has a circulating pump and at least one control valve in the liquid circuit. (Fig. 1)
12. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Regelkreis ein Bypass vorgesehen ist. (Fig. 1)12. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a bypass is provided in the control loop. (Fig. 1)
13. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Roststäbe (2, 3) gewellte Austau- scher (45) aufweisen.13. combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the grate bars (2, 3) corrugated exchange shear (45).
14. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verteiler (47, 48) als Stützen für Trä¬ ger (46) ausgebildet sind.14. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that distributors (47, 48) are designed as supports for carriers (46).
15. Verbrennungsrost, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Roststäbe als Wechselstäbe (60) ausge¬ bildet sind.15. Combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, such as according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that grate bars are formed as interchangeable bars (60).
16. Verfahren zum Optimieren des Betriebes eines Verbren¬ nungsrostes, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man im Bereich des gasbeaufschlagten Rostes einen oder mehrere Temperaturmesser anbringt, um deren Temperatur zum Regeln der Durchflussmenge pro Zeiteinheit und/oder der Temperatur einer Roststäbe di¬ rekt bestreichenden Flüssigkeit verwendet.16. A method for optimizing the operation of a combustion grate, preferably according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that one or more temperature meters are attached in the area of the gas-loaded grate to determine their temperature for regulating the flow rate per unit of time and / or the temperature of a grate bars used directly brushing liquid.
17. Verfahren, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der .An¬ sprüche, wie nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Regelkreis ein Durchflussmesser für die Flüssigkeit sowie ein Wärmetauscher angeordnet sind.17. The method, preferably according to at least one of the claims, as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that a flow meter for the liquid and a heat exchanger are arranged in the control circuit.
18. Verfahren, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der An¬ sprüche, wie nach einem der Ansprüche 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den Rost gasumspült und flüssig- keitsdurchspült und dass man mit der Flüssigkeit die Tempera¬ tur des Rostes oder des den Rost umspülenden Gases tempera¬ turregelt. 18. The method, preferably according to at least one of the claims, as claimed in one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the grid is gas-washed and liquid-flushed and the liquid is used to control the temperature of the grid or the grid circulating gas temperature control.
EP96905649A 1995-03-23 1996-03-12 Combustion grate and process for optimising its operation Expired - Lifetime EP0815396B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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CH83095 1995-03-23
CH83095 1995-03-23
CH830/95 1995-03-23
PCT/CH1996/000092 WO1996029544A1 (en) 1995-03-23 1996-03-12 Combustion grate and process for optimising its operation

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EP0815396B1 EP0815396B1 (en) 1999-09-15

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EP (1) EP0815396B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11504700A (en)
KR (1) KR19980702915A (en)
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DE (1) DE59603074D1 (en)
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DE59603074D1 (en) 1999-10-21
JPH11504700A (en) 1999-04-27
GR3031826T3 (en) 2000-02-29
US20010003266A1 (en) 2001-06-14
EP0815396B1 (en) 1999-09-15
KR19980702915A (en) 1998-09-05
DK0815396T3 (en) 2000-04-03
WO1996029544A1 (en) 1996-09-26
ATE184694T1 (en) 1999-10-15
US6422161B2 (en) 2002-07-23

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