EP0815183A1 - Leveller bar for coke ovens - Google Patents

Leveller bar for coke ovens

Info

Publication number
EP0815183A1
EP0815183A1 EP96905821A EP96905821A EP0815183A1 EP 0815183 A1 EP0815183 A1 EP 0815183A1 EP 96905821 A EP96905821 A EP 96905821A EP 96905821 A EP96905821 A EP 96905821A EP 0815183 A1 EP0815183 A1 EP 0815183A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support elements
leveling
struts
cross
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96905821A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0815183B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Dudler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH filed Critical Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0815183A1 publication Critical patent/EP0815183A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0815183B1 publication Critical patent/EP0815183B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B37/00—Mechanical treatments of coal charges in the oven
    • C10B37/02—Levelling charges, e.g. with bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a leveling rod for coking ovens for leveling the coal filler cones formed under the filling holes of the furnace chamber during the filling process, consisting of support elements which extend over the entire length of the furnace chamber and are arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another at a distance which is dependent on the width of the furnace chamber.
  • a generic leveling rod which consists of vertical plates arranged in the longitudinal direction of the furnace and parallel to one another, with transverse coal carriers being arranged at regular intervals in the space delimited by the vertical plates.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a new construction for the leveling rod, in which the filling gases can always be drawn off unhindered.
  • the leveling bar according to the invention is essentially a truss girder with a triangular cross section, which only blocks the gas collection space to about 25% during the leveling process. This largely prevents the gas collection chamber from becoming clogged with coal and the filling gases generated during the filling process can be passed unhindered in the longitudinal direction of the furnace to the respective extraction points.
  • the lattice-like construction with only cross struts arranged at regular intervals and individual, diagonally running support struts also means that there is a lateral flow through the leveling rod, ie. H. transverse to the longitudinal direction of the furnace, possible without further notice.
  • the individual construction elements of the leveling rod expediently consist of commercially available pipes with diameters of the same size in all areas. In this way, an inexpensive and, due to the hollow cross sections, relatively light yet stable construction of the leveling rod is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows in cross section the arrangement of a leveling bar (9) according to the prior art in a gas collection chamber (4), which is separated from the side coking chamber walls (1), the upper edge (3), the coal fill (2) in the chamber and the furnace chamber ceiling (16) is limited.
  • the leveling bar according to the prior art essentially consists of two vertical sheets arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another. During the leveling process
  • the leveling bar according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows, according to FIG. 1, the leveling rod according to the invention with the triangular, equilateral cross section and
  • Figure 3 shows in longitudinal section the arrangement of the leveling bar in the gas collection chamber of an oven chamber.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged top view of a typical leveling bar segment.
  • the leveling bar according to the invention essentially consists of the two lower support elements (11), which are arranged at the same height and parallel to one another and are connected to one another at regular intervals via the horizontally arranged cross struts (13).
  • the upper support element (12) is arranged centrally above the cross strut (13) and is connected to the two lower support elements (11) via the connecting struts (14).
  • the two lower support elements (11) according to FIG. 4 and, according to FIG. 3, the lower support elements (11) and the upper support element (12) are connected to the diagonally extending support strut (15), each at the connection points of the support elements (11) with the cross struts (13) or the upper support elements (12) with the connecting struts (14).
  • FIG. 3 also shows the furnace roof (5), the filling holes (6), the push tube (8) and the coke oven door (7).
  • the leveling opening is arranged, through which the leveling rod (10) can be inserted horizontally and in the longitudinal direction into the gas collection space (4) for the leveling process.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP96/00819 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 18, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 18, 1997 PCT Filed Feb. 29, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/26945 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 6, 1996The invention concerns a leveler bar for coke ovens for levelling the coke debris cone forming below the filling holes in the furnace chamber during the filling process. The leveler bar comprises interconnected support elements which extend over the entire length of the oven chamber and are disposed parallel to one another at a distance dependent on the width of the oven chamber. According to the invention, the leveler bar comprises at least three support elements which are arranged parallel to one another, extend over the entire length of the oven chamber and are disposed relative to one another such that the leveler bar has a triangular cross-section. The two lower support elements are disposed at the same level and the upper support element is arranged centrally thereabove.

Description

Planierstange für Verkokungsöfen Leveling bar for coking ovens
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Planierstange für Verkokungsöfen zum Einebnen der sich unter den Füllöchern der Ofenkammer während des Füllvorganges bildenden Kohleschüttkegel, bestehend aus sich über die gesamte Länge der Ofenkammer erstreckenden und in einem von der Breite der Ofenkammer abhängigen Abstand parallel zueinander angeordneten sowie miteinander verbundenen Tragelementen.The invention relates to a leveling rod for coking ovens for leveling the coal filler cones formed under the filling holes of the furnace chamber during the filling process, consisting of support elements which extend over the entire length of the furnace chamber and are arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another at a distance which is dependent on the width of the furnace chamber.
Aus der DE 40 34 341 C2 ist eine gattungsgemäße Planierstange be- kannt, die aus in Ofenlängsrichtung und parallel zueinander angeordne¬ ten senkrechten Blechen besteht, wobei in dem durch die senkrechten Bleche begrenzten Zwischenraum in regelmäßigen Abständen querste¬ hende Kohlemitnehmer angeordnet sind. Durch das Einfahren derartiger Planierstangen während des Füllvorganges in die Ofenkammer wird der freie Gassammeiraum über der Kohle in der Regel um ca. 60 % blockiert (vgl. beigefügte Figur 1). Hieraus ergeben sich häufig zum Ende des Füll¬ vorganges Verstopfungen innerhalb des Gassammeiraumes und damit verbunden starke Emissionen, da die Füllgase nicht mehr frei zur Absau¬ gestelle, d. h. dem Steigerohr oder dem Gasüberleitrohr, abgeführt wer- den können.From DE 40 34 341 C2 a generic leveling rod is known which consists of vertical plates arranged in the longitudinal direction of the furnace and parallel to one another, with transverse coal carriers being arranged at regular intervals in the space delimited by the vertical plates. By moving such leveling rods into the furnace chamber during the filling process, the free gas collection space above the coal is generally blocked by approximately 60% (see FIG. 1 attached). This often leads to blockages within the gas collection space at the end of the filling process and the associated strong emissions, since the filling gases are no longer free to the suction point, ie. H. the riser pipe or the gas transfer pipe.
Der Erfindung liegt nunmehr die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine neue Konstrukti¬ on für die Planierstange vorzuschlagen, bei der mögichst immer die Füll¬ gase ungehindert abgezogen werden können.The invention is based on the object of proposing a new construction for the leveling rod, in which the filling gases can always be drawn off unhindered.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Kennzeichen des Anspruches 1 ange¬ geben.The solution to this problem is given in the characterizing part of claim 1.
ERSATZBLAΓT (REGEL 26) Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 7 enthalten sinnvolle Ausführungsformen dazu.SPARE BLADE (RULE 26) The sub-claims 2 to 7 contain useful embodiments.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Planierstange handelt es sich im wesentli- chen um einen im Querschnitt dreieckigen Fachwerkträger, der während des Planiervorganges den Gassammeiraum nur zu ca. 25 % blockiert. Dadurch wird ein Verstopfen des Gassammeiraumes mit Kohle weitge¬ hend verhindert und die beim Füllvorgang entstehenden Füllgase können in Ofenlängsrichtung ungehindert zu den jeweiligen Absaugestellen ge- führt werden. Durch die fachwerkartige Konstruktion mit nur in regelmäßi¬ gen Abständen angeordneten Querstreben und einzelnen, diagonal ver¬ laufenden Tragstreben ist außerdem auch eine seitliche Durchströmung der Planierstange, d. h. quer zur Ofenlängsrichtung, ohne weiteres mög¬ lich.The leveling bar according to the invention is essentially a truss girder with a triangular cross section, which only blocks the gas collection space to about 25% during the leveling process. This largely prevents the gas collection chamber from becoming clogged with coal and the filling gases generated during the filling process can be passed unhindered in the longitudinal direction of the furnace to the respective extraction points. The lattice-like construction with only cross struts arranged at regular intervals and individual, diagonally running support struts also means that there is a lateral flow through the leveling rod, ie. H. transverse to the longitudinal direction of the furnace, possible without further notice.
Die einzelnen Konstruktionselemente der Planierstange bestehen zweckmäßigerweise aus handelsüblichen Rohren mit in allen Bereichen gleichgroßen Durchmessern. Auf diese Weise wird eine preiswerte und aufgrund der Hohlquerschnitte relativ leichte und trotzdem stabile Kon- struktion der Planierstange erreicht.The individual construction elements of the leveling rod expediently consist of commercially available pipes with diameters of the same size in all areas. In this way, an inexpensive and, due to the hollow cross sections, relatively light yet stable construction of the leveling rod is achieved.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren 1 bis 4 beispielsweise näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail, for example, with the aid of the attached FIGS. 1 to 4.
Figur 1 zeigt im Querschnitt die Anordnung einer Planierstange (9) nach dem Stand der Technik in einem Gassammeiraum (4), der von den seitlichen Verkokungskammerwänden (1 ), der Oberkante (3), der Kohle- schüttung (2) in der Kammer und der Ofenkammerdecke (16) begrenzt wird. Die Planierstange nach dem Stand der Technik besteht im wesentli- chen aus zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten sowie miteinander ver¬ bundenen senkrechten Blechen. Während des Planiervorganges nimmtFIG. 1 shows in cross section the arrangement of a leveling bar (9) according to the prior art in a gas collection chamber (4), which is separated from the side coking chamber walls (1), the upper edge (3), the coal fill (2) in the chamber and the furnace chamber ceiling (16) is limited. The leveling bar according to the prior art essentially consists of two vertical sheets arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another. During the leveling process
ERSÄΓZBLÄΓΓ (REGEL 26) diese Planierstange etwa 57 % des Querschnittes des gesamten Gas- sammelraumes (4) ein.ERSÄΓZBLÄΓΓ (RULE 26) this leveling rod accounts for approximately 57% of the cross section of the entire gas collection space (4).
In den Figuren 2 bis 4 ist die erfindungsgemäße Planierstange darge- stellt.The leveling bar according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
Figur 2 zeigt entsprechend Figur 1 die erfiπdungsgemäße Planier¬ stange mit dem dreieckigen, gleichseitigen Querschnitt undFIG. 2 shows, according to FIG. 1, the leveling rod according to the invention with the triangular, equilateral cross section and
Figur 3 zeigt im Längsschnitt die Anordnung der Planierstange in dem Gassammeiraum einer Ofenkammer.Figure 3 shows in longitudinal section the arrangement of the leveling bar in the gas collection chamber of an oven chamber.
Figur 4 zeigt vergrößert in der Draufsicht ein typisches Planierstan¬ gensegment.FIG. 4 shows an enlarged top view of a typical leveling bar segment.
Die erfindungsgemäße Planierstange besteht im wesentlichen aus den beiden unteren, auf gleicher Höhe und parallel zueinander angeordneten Tragelementeπ (11 ), die in regelmäßigen Abständen über die waagerecht angeordneten Querstreben (13) miteinander verbunden sind. Mittig ober¬ halb der Querstrebe (13) ist das obere Tragelement (12) angeordnet, das über die Verbindungsstreben (14) mit den beiden unteren Tragelement (11) verbunden ist. Zur Stabilisierung sind nach Figur 4 die beiden unte¬ ren Tragelemente (11 ) und nach Figur 3 jeweils die unteren Tragelemente (11) und das obere Tragelement (12) mit der diagonal verlaufenden Tragstrebe (15) verbunden, die jeweils an den Verbindungspunkten der Tragelemente (11) mit den Querstreben (13) bzw. der oberen Tragele- mente (12) mit den Verbindungsstreben (14) befestigt sind.The leveling bar according to the invention essentially consists of the two lower support elements (11), which are arranged at the same height and parallel to one another and are connected to one another at regular intervals via the horizontally arranged cross struts (13). The upper support element (12) is arranged centrally above the cross strut (13) and is connected to the two lower support elements (11) via the connecting struts (14). For stabilization, the two lower support elements (11) according to FIG. 4 and, according to FIG. 3, the lower support elements (11) and the upper support element (12) are connected to the diagonally extending support strut (15), each at the connection points of the support elements (11) with the cross struts (13) or the upper support elements (12) with the connecting struts (14).
In der Figur 3 sind zusätzlich die Ofendecke (5), die Füllöcher (6), das Stβig-rohr (8) und die Koksofentür (7) dargestellt. In der auf der Maschi¬ nenseite angeordneten Koksofentür (7) ist im oberen Bereich die Pla- nieröffnung angeordnet, durch die für den Planiervorgang die Planier¬ stange (10) waagerecht und in Längsrichtung in den Gassammeiraum (4) eingefahren werden kann.FIG. 3 also shows the furnace roof (5), the filling holes (6), the push tube (8) and the coke oven door (7). In the upper area of the coke oven door (7) arranged on the machine side, the leveling opening is arranged, through which the leveling rod (10) can be inserted horizontally and in the longitudinal direction into the gas collection space (4) for the leveling process.
CTSAI7BLATT (REGEL 26) BezuαszeichenlisteCTSAI7BLATT (RULE 26) Reference list
(1 ) Verkokungskammerwand(1) coking chamber wall
(2) Kohleschüttung in einer Kammer(2) coal in a chamber
(3) Oberkante Kohle in der Kammer(3) Top edge of coal in the chamber
(4) Gassammeiraum(4) Gas collection room
(5) Ofendecke(5) Oven ceiling
(6) Fülloch(6) Fülloch
(7) Koksofentür mit Planieröffnung(7) Coke oven door with leveling opening
(8) Steigerohr(8) riser pipe
(9) Planierstange nach dem Stand der Technik(9) Leveling bar according to the prior art
(10) erfindungsgemäße Planierstange(10) bulldozer according to the invention
(11 ) untere Trageiemente(11) lower support elements
(12) oberes Tragelement(12) upper support element
(13) untere waagerechte Querstrebe(13) lower horizontal cross strut
(14) Verbindungsstrebe zwischen (11) und (12)(14) connecting strut between (11) and (12)
(15) Tragstrebe(15) support strut
(16) Ofenkammerdecke(16) Oven chamber ceiling
ERSÄTZBLAπ (REGEL 26) ERSÄTZBLAπ (RULE 26)

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Planierstange für Verkokungsöfen zum Einebnen der sich unter den Füllöchern der Ofenkammer während des Füllvorganges bildenden1. Leveling rod for coking ovens for leveling the ones that form under the filling holes of the oven chamber during the filling process
Kohleschüttkegel, bestehend aus sich über die gesamte Länge der Ofenkammer erstreckenden und in einem von der Breite der Ofen¬ kammer abhängigen Abstand parallel zueinander angeordneten sowie miteinander verbundenen Tragelementen, dadurch gekenn- zeichet, daß die Planierstange aus mindestens drei parallel zueinander angeordneten, sich über die gesamte Länge der Ofen¬ kammer erstreckenden Tragelementeπ (11 , 12) besteht, die so zueinander angeordnet sind, daß sich ein dreieckiger Querschnitt der Planierstange ergibt, wobei die beiden unteren Tragelemente (11 ) auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet sind und das obere TragelementCoal pouring cone, consisting of support elements which extend over the entire length of the furnace chamber and are arranged parallel to one another and connected to one another at a distance which is dependent on the width of the furnace chamber, characterized in that the leveling rod consists of at least three mutually parallel elements which extend over the Entire length of the furnace chamber extending support elements (11, 12), which are arranged so that a triangular cross section of the leveling rod results, the two lower support elements (11) are arranged at the same height and the upper support element
(12) mittig darüber angeordnet ist.(12) is arranged centrally above it.
2. Planierstange nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die drei Tragelemente (11 , 12) einen gleichseitigen oder gleichschenkligen Querschnitt der Planierstange mit senkrechter2. leveling bar according to claim 1, characterized in that the three support elements (11, 12) an equilateral or isosceles cross section of the leveling bar with a vertical
Symetrieebene bilden.Form symmetry level.
3. Planierstange nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tragelemente (11 , 12) zu einem Fachwerkträger zusammengefügt sind.3. leveling bar according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supporting elements (11, 12) are assembled into a truss.
4. Planierstange nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tragelemente (11 , 12) in Ofenlängsrichtung in regelmäßigen Abständen über waagerechte untere Querstreben (13) und/oder über schräg nach oben zum Tragelement (12) gerichtete Verbindungsstreben (14) miteinander verbunden sind.4. leveling bar according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (11, 12) in the longitudinal direction of the furnace at regular intervals via horizontal lower cross struts (13) and / or via obliquely upward to the support element (12) directed struts (14) are interconnected.
ERSÄΓZBLÄΓT (REGEL 26) ERSÄΓZBLÄΓT (RULE 26)
5. Planiervorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den unteren Trag-elementen (11 ) und/oder dem oberen Tragelement (12) jeweils zwischen zwei Tragstreben (13, 14) diagonal Tragstreben (15) angeordnet sind.5. leveling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the lower support elements (11) and / or the upper support element (12) between two support struts (13, 14) diagonally support struts (15) are arranged.
6. Planierstange nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tragelemente (11 , 12) und/oder die Streben (13) bis (15) jeweils einen geschlossenen6. leveling bar according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (11, 12) and / or the struts (13) to (15) each have a closed
Querschnitt besitzen.Have cross-section.
7. Planierstange nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Tragelemente (11 , 12) und Streben (13) bis (15) denselben und/oder gleich großen Querschnitt besitzen.7. leveling bar according to claim 6, characterized in that all support elements (11, 12) and struts (13) to (15) have the same and / or the same cross section.
8. Planierstange nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sämtliche Tragelemente und Streben (11 ) bis (15) aus handelsüblichen Rohren mit rundem oder quadratischem Querschnitt bestehen.8. bulldozer according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that all support elements and struts (11) to (15) consist of commercially available tubes with a round or square cross-section.
ERSAΓZBLÄΓT (REGEL 26) ERSAΓZBLÄΓT (RULE 26)
EP96905821A 1995-03-18 1996-02-29 Leveller bar for coke ovens Expired - Lifetime EP0815183B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29504642U DE29504642U1 (en) 1995-03-18 1995-03-18 Leveling bar for coking ovens
DE29504642U 1995-03-18
PCT/EP1996/000819 WO1996029377A1 (en) 1995-03-18 1996-02-29 Leveller bar for coke ovens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0815183A1 true EP0815183A1 (en) 1998-01-07
EP0815183B1 EP0815183B1 (en) 1998-09-09

Family

ID=8005544

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96905821A Expired - Lifetime EP0815183B1 (en) 1995-03-18 1996-02-29 Leveller bar for coke ovens

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5925222A (en)
EP (1) EP0815183B1 (en)
KR (1) KR19980702680A (en)
AT (1) ATE170907T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4943296A (en)
DE (2) DE29504642U1 (en)
TW (1) TW394265U (en)
WO (1) WO1996029377A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19830382C2 (en) * 1998-07-08 2001-03-15 Montan Tech Gmbh Leveling bar for coking ovens
CN105131980B (en) * 2015-09-08 2018-02-02 山东钢铁股份有限公司 A kind of leveling bar

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE233361C (en) *
DE233280C (en) *
DE331486C (en) * 1919-03-26 1921-01-08 Hubert Kress Leveling bar
US1937734A (en) * 1932-01-08 1933-12-05 Bethlehem Steel Corp Leveling bar for coke ovens
DE902842C (en) * 1944-05-27 1954-01-28 Car Still Fa Leveling rod for horizontal coke ovens and chamber ovens
DE899336C (en) * 1951-12-07 1953-12-10 Josef Limberg Dr Ing Leveling stick for coke stoves
DE922411C (en) * 1952-05-07 1955-01-17 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Leveling rod for horizontal coke ovens
DE925710C (en) * 1952-09-26 1955-03-28 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Leveling rod for horizontal coke ovens
DE937043C (en) * 1952-11-07 1955-12-29 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Leveling rod for horizontal coke ovens
DE1058018B (en) * 1953-05-28 1959-05-27 Gewerk Schalker Eisenhuette Leveling stick for coke stoves
DE4034342A1 (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-04-30 Hartung Kuhn & Co Maschf PLANING ROD FOR A COOKING OVEN BATTERY

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9629377A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE170907T1 (en) 1998-09-15
MX9707084A (en) 1998-06-30
DE59600546D1 (en) 1998-10-15
KR19980702680A (en) 1998-08-05
US5925222A (en) 1999-07-20
AU4943296A (en) 1996-10-08
WO1996029377A1 (en) 1996-09-26
DE29504642U1 (en) 1995-08-17
TW394265U (en) 2000-06-11
EP0815183B1 (en) 1998-09-09

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