EP0814172B1 - Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0814172B1
EP0814172B1 EP96109706A EP96109706A EP0814172B1 EP 0814172 B1 EP0814172 B1 EP 0814172B1 EP 96109706 A EP96109706 A EP 96109706A EP 96109706 A EP96109706 A EP 96109706A EP 0814172 B1 EP0814172 B1 EP 0814172B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capsules
hot
steel
powder
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP96109706A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0814172A1 (fr
Inventor
Maximilian Rochl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hau Hanspeter
Original Assignee
Hau Hanspeter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Hau Hanspeter filed Critical Hau Hanspeter
Priority to AT96109706T priority Critical patent/ATE223975T1/de
Priority to DK96109706T priority patent/DK0814172T3/da
Priority to EP96109706A priority patent/EP0814172B1/fr
Priority to PT96109706T priority patent/PT814172E/pt
Priority to DE59609657T priority patent/DE59609657D1/de
Priority to ES96109706T priority patent/ES2181827T3/es
Priority to US09/011,792 priority patent/US6015446A/en
Priority to PCT/EP1997/003119 priority patent/WO1997048829A1/fr
Priority to JP50223698A priority patent/JP3456707B2/ja
Priority to KR1019980701080A priority patent/KR100270453B1/ko
Publication of EP0814172A1 publication Critical patent/EP0814172A1/fr
Publication of EP0814172B1 publication Critical patent/EP0814172B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B22F3/1258—Container manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/02—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
    • B22F2202/01—Use of vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • powder metallurgy Steels have properties that are identical chemical composition the properties of melt metallurgical manufactured steels are superior. In particular This is what distinguishes steels manufactured using powder metallurgy from that they are in all dimensions across their entire Cross-section have the same structural condition. So are also the mechanical properties across the entire cross-section essentially the same.
  • the hot work steel X40CrMoV51 to be produced by powder metallurgy by hot isostatic pressing.
  • the archive for the iron and steel industry 55 (1984), pages 169-176 that the hot-work steel mentioned Carbon 0.37-0.41%, silicon 1.0 - 1.07%, manganese from 0.38 - 0.42%, chromium from 5.3 - 5.5%, molybdenum of 1.37-1.41%, vanadium of 1.0-1.27 and negligible Nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus levels having.
  • a powder of the above composition prepared by nitrogen atomization from the melt is compacted in steel capsules which are evacuated to a vacuum of less than 10 -4 mbar before sealing. The compression takes place at temperatures of 1075 - 1225 ° C.
  • the aforementioned hot-work steel produced by powder metallurgy has a satisfactory hardness, is but because of its insufficient warm hardness, temper resistance and its tendency to experience temperature change cracks not suitable for heavy duty hot work tools like for mandrels, dies and block receivers for the metal pipe and extrusion, not for hot extrusion tools, Tools for hollow body production, tools for screw, nut, rivet and bolt products, Die casting tools, molding dies, die inserts and Hot shear blades. In short, the stability of the Steel in question for highly stressed hot work tools not satisfy.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a powder metallurgy to create manufactured hot-work steel, which, in addition to having a sufficient toughness, has a high warm hardness and especially good resistance to occurrence of temperature change cracks.
  • a powder metallurgy to produce manufactured hot-work steel which has a particularly suitable for use in extrusion, in particular there for mandrels, dies and block receptacles and also for use in forging presses and die casting molds, particularly suitable in the case of large dimensions is.
  • the invention is also based on the object of a method for the production of an improved powder metallurgy Specify hot work steel.
  • the invention further relates to the use of powder metallurgy manufactured hot work steel as a material for Manufacture of press mandrels, press dies and block sensors for extrusion and for the production of forging presses and die casting molds.
  • Induction heat is used to produce the steels according to the invention and used accurate temperature control until the Slag content is correct. Then under a protective gas atmosphere (preferably high purity nitrogen).
  • a protective gas atmosphere preferably high purity nitrogen.
  • the APM Calidus system has proven particularly suitable for this emphasized because with its help inclusions in the manufactured Powder can be avoided.
  • the melt is fed directly into the capsule to be compressed, which increases the risk of undesirable Inclusions enlarged.
  • the capsules After filling, the capsules are shaken to get the largest possible To achieve bulk density. Then they are like this filled capsules pumped air-free and then sealed gas-tight.
  • pretreated capsule at a pressure of about 3.5 Kbar cold isostatic pressed to this way the thermal conductivity to improve the powder batch contained in the capsule.
  • the capsules are under simultaneous pressurization heated.
  • the first step is to apply pressure about 200 bar with the help of compressed argon.
  • the heating takes place in the HIP system, the pressure of the the compressors supplying the compressed argon essentially is kept constant. With increasing temperature the grows Pressure on continuously without the pressure of the argon compressors should be increased.
  • the powder batch is compacted under pressure at a relatively low temperature, even before Oxygen, sulfur and carbon transport occurs. Consequently, the hot-work steel according to the invention is free of Segregations.
  • the HIP temperature is 1000 to 1230 ° C, one temperature of 1150 ° C is preferred.
  • the HIP pressure is 0.8 to 3.5 kbar, with a HIP pressure of 1 kbar currently being extremely has proven advantageous. When pressing less than 0.8 Kbar does not result in a sufficient compression of the material and especially the risk of gas inclusions in residual pores remain. HIP pressures of more than 3.5 kbar are possible with modern HIP systems, but does not lead to one quality increase justifying the effort.
  • the holding time is at the target HIP temperature and at the target HIP pressure at least 3 h. This time period applies to small dimensions to be manufactured. Larger dimensions to be manufactured need longer compaction times. conventional Procedures usually work with holding times of only a single hour. Since in the method according to the invention filled capsules simultaneously high temperatures and high Exposed to pressure will result in a homogeneous material high density achieved.
  • Hot work steel requires final forging or rolling treatments. Such processing measures in the heat carried out lead to an undesirable carbide growth and also to undesirably round off the carbides.
  • this is according to the invention composite and the hot work steel produced according to the invention used in the hipped state, i.e. in that condition, in which it was released from the capsule after pressing is.
  • the invention Round material with a diameter of less than 60 mm and rolled flat material with a cross-sectional ratio or forged.
  • the hot-work steel produced by powder metallurgy according to the invention has the following composition (in% by weight): carbon 0.25-0.45 chrome 2.40 - 4.25 molybdenum 2.50 - 4.40 vanadium 0.20-0.95 cobalt 2.10 - 3.90 silicon 0.10 - 0.80 manganese 0.15-0.65 Balance iron and possibly production-related impurities. It has a degree of purity K1 ⁇ 10.
  • the hot forming temperature is for the steel according to the invention
  • the soft annealing temperature is 900 to 1100 ° C 750 to 800 ° C
  • the stress relieving temperature is 600 up to 650 ° C
  • As a hardening agent oil in a warm bath (500 to 550 ° C) is preferably used.
  • the hardness HB is a maximum of 229.
  • the Rockwell hardness is 52 to 56 HRC.
  • the PM hot-work steel according to the invention has the in the following surprisingly good values with increased Temperatures (guidelines).
  • the resistance of the material according to the invention against that Cracks appear as a result of repeated temperature changes was determined in the usual way in the laboratory. there the material is cyclically heated to a test temperature and cooled again in an emulsion. Subsequently the cracks that have occurred are on a predetermined measuring length counted. The fire crack number determined in this way permits Statements about the behavior of the investigated material in the Comparison with the behavior of a comparison material.
  • the comparison materials are with their material numbers Inscribed "steel key”. It is these Comparative materials for melt-metallurgically manufactured Steels. Result for the hot work steel according to the invention the cheapest for all test conditions a) to c), i.e. the lowest fire crack numbers.
  • the comparison steel containing cobalt with the material number 1.2365 + Co indicates all three Test conditions a) to c) significantly higher fire crack numbers. For test condition a) they are due to the reference material 1.2365 + Co values even increased by almost 100%.
  • the excellent heat toughness values of the invention Material are graphically in Fig. 2 to the specified Comparative materials compared values determined. in the investigated temperature range from about 600 to about 800 ° C. the material of the invention has excellent Einschnürungshunt.
  • the reference material also containing cobalt with the material number 1.2365 + Co are clearly inferior in terms of toughness.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres, constitué de (en % en poids) : carbone de 0,25 à 0,45 chrome de 2,40 à 4,25 molybdène de 2,50 à 4,40 vanadium de 0,20 à 0,95 cobalt de 2,10 à 3,90 silicium de 0,10 à 0,80 manganèse de 0,15 à 0,65
    et, pour le complément, de fer et éventuellement des impuretés inévitables de fabrication,
    présentant un degré de pureté K1 < 10.
  2. Acier à outils pour travail à chaud obtenu par métallurgie des poudres selon la revendication 1, que l'on peut obtenir en réalisant les étapes suivantes :
    préparation d'un acier liquide présentant la composition chimique choisie,
    atomisation de l'acier liquide dans une atmosphère d'azote de grande pureté,
    remplissage, avec la poudre ainsi obtenue, de capsules qui sont construites de telle sorte qu'elles permettent d'obtenir le produit fini dans la forme choisie avec un rendement en matière le plus élevé possible,
    secouage des capsules remplies afin d'obtenir une densité de remplissage la plus importante possible,
    production d'un vide dans les capsules remplies et scellage imperméable aux gaz desdites capsules,
    introduction des capsules dans une installation de compression isostatique à température élevée et, simultanément, augmentation de la pression et de la température dans les capsules jusqu'à obtention d'une pression de 0,8 kbar à 3,5 kbars et une température de 1 000°C à 1 230°C, et
    maintien de la pression et de la température pendant une durée d'au moins 3 h.
  3. Acier à outils pour travail à chaud obtenu par métallurgie des poudres selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la charge de poudre dans l'installation de compression isostatique à température élevée est mise sous une pression de 1 kbar.
  4. Procédé de fabrication, par métallurgie des poudres, d'un acier à outils pour travail à chaud, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    préparation d'un acier liquide comprenant
    du carbone à raison de 0,25% à 0,45%,
    du chrome à raison de 2,40% à 4,25%,
    du molybdène à raison de 2,50% à 4,40%,
    du vanadium à raison de 0,20% à 0,95%,
    du cobalt à raison de 2,10% à 3,90%,
    du silicium à raison de 0,10% à 0,80%,
    du manganèse à raison de 0,15% à 0,65%
    et, pour le complément, du fer et éventuellement des éléments accessoires inévitables,
    avec un degré de pureté K1 < 10,
    atomisation de l'acier liquide dans une atmosphère d'azote de grande pureté,
    remplissage, avec la poudre ainsi obtenue, de capsules qui sont construites de telle sorte qu'elles permettent d'obtenir le produit fini dans la forme choisie avec un rendement de matière le plus grand possible,
    secouage des capsules remplies afin d'obtenir une densité de remplissage la plus importante possible,
    production d'un vide dans les capsules remplies et scellage imperméable aux gaz desdites capsules,
    introduction des capsules dans une installation de compression isostatique à température élevée et chauffage des capsules en augmentant simultanément la température jusqu'à une température de 1 000°C à 1 230°C et la pression de 0,8 kbar à 3,5 kbars, de manière avantageuse 1 kbar, et
    maintien de la charge sous la pression et à la température choisie pendant une durée d'au moins 3 h.
  5. Utilisation d'un acier selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3 ou bien préparé selon la revendication 4, pour la fabrication de filières, poinçons et griffes de billette pour l'extrusion, ainsi que pour la fabrication de presses à forger et de moules de coulée sous pression.
EP96109706A 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres et procédé pour sa fabrication Revoked EP0814172B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT96109706T ATE223975T1 (de) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Pm-warmarbeitsstahl und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DK96109706T DK0814172T3 (da) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Pulvermetallurgisk varmarbejdsstål og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf
EP96109706A EP0814172B1 (fr) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres et procédé pour sa fabrication
PT96109706T PT814172E (pt) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Aco para ferramentas de trabalho a quente por pulverizacao metalurgica e processo para a sua producao
DE59609657T DE59609657D1 (de) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 PM-Warmarbeitsstahl und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
ES96109706T ES2181827T3 (es) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Acero polvometalurgico resistente al calor y procedimiento para su fabricacion.
US09/011,792 US6015446A (en) 1996-06-17 1997-06-16 PM hot-work steel and method of producing the same
PCT/EP1997/003119 WO1997048829A1 (fr) 1996-06-17 1997-06-16 Acier pour travail a chaud produit par metallurgie des poudres et procede permettant de le produire
JP50223698A JP3456707B2 (ja) 1996-06-17 1997-06-16 粉末冶金熱間加工鋼及びその製造方法
KR1019980701080A KR100270453B1 (ko) 1996-06-17 1997-06-16 분말야금으로제조된열간가공강및그제조방법

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96109706A EP0814172B1 (fr) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres et procédé pour sa fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0814172A1 EP0814172A1 (fr) 1997-12-29
EP0814172B1 true EP0814172B1 (fr) 2002-09-11

Family

ID=8222899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96109706A Revoked EP0814172B1 (fr) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 Acier à outils pour travail à chaud, obtenu par métallurgie des poudres et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6015446A (fr)
EP (1) EP0814172B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3456707B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100270453B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE223975T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59609657D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0814172T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2181827T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT814172E (fr)
WO (1) WO1997048829A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6364927B1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2002-04-02 Hoeganaes Corporation Metal-based powder compositions containing silicon carbide as an alloying powder
AT411580B (de) * 2001-04-11 2004-03-25 Boehler Edelstahl Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von gegenständen
AT410447B (de) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-25 Boehler Edelstahl Warmarbeitsstahlgegenstand
DE102005022730A1 (de) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Schaeffler Kg Wälzlagerring,insbesondere für hochbeanspruchte Wälzlager in Flugzeugtriebwerken, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1590953A (en) * 1977-10-04 1981-06-10 Powdrex Ltd Making articles from metallic powder
EP0327064A3 (fr) * 1988-02-05 1989-12-20 Anval Nyby Powder Ab Procédé de fabrication d'objets par la métallurgie des poudres, en particulier d'objets allongés tels que barres, profils, tubes, etc.
IT1241490B (it) * 1990-07-17 1994-01-17 Sviluppo Materiali Spa Acciaio rapido da polveri.
US5435827A (en) * 1991-08-07 1995-07-25 Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag High speed steel manufactured by power metallurgy
US5522914A (en) * 1993-09-27 1996-06-04 Crucible Materials Corporation Sulfur-containing powder-metallurgy tool steel article
US5447800A (en) * 1993-09-27 1995-09-05 Crucible Materials Corporation Martensitic hot work tool steel die block article and method of manufacture
US5435824A (en) * 1993-09-27 1995-07-25 Crucible Materials Corporation Hot-isostatically-compacted martensitic mold and die block article and method of manufacture

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ASM Specialty Handbook, Tool Materials, 1995, J.R. Davis, 144-146 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0814172T3 (da) 2002-11-18
WO1997048829A1 (fr) 1997-12-24
KR19990036411A (ko) 1999-05-25
US6015446A (en) 2000-01-18
KR100270453B1 (ko) 2000-12-01
ES2181827T3 (es) 2003-03-01
PT814172E (pt) 2003-01-31
DE59609657D1 (de) 2002-10-17
JP3456707B2 (ja) 2003-10-14
JPH10510884A (ja) 1998-10-20
ATE223975T1 (de) 2002-09-15
EP0814172A1 (fr) 1997-12-29

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