EP0813218A2 - Déclencheur pour disjoncteur de surintensité - Google Patents

Déclencheur pour disjoncteur de surintensité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0813218A2
EP0813218A2 EP97890097A EP97890097A EP0813218A2 EP 0813218 A2 EP0813218 A2 EP 0813218A2 EP 97890097 A EP97890097 A EP 97890097A EP 97890097 A EP97890097 A EP 97890097A EP 0813218 A2 EP0813218 A2 EP 0813218A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
tripping
holding force
coil
tripping device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97890097A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0813218B1 (fr
EP0813218A3 (fr
Inventor
Tibor Polgar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG
Original Assignee
Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG filed Critical Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG
Priority to AT97890097T priority Critical patent/ATE297052T1/de
Publication of EP0813218A2 publication Critical patent/EP0813218A2/fr
Publication of EP0813218A3 publication Critical patent/EP0813218A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0813218B1 publication Critical patent/EP0813218B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/44—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for introducing a predetermined time delay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2454—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/26—Electromagnetic mechanisms with windings acting in opposition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tripping device for an overcurrent shutdown device, such as Miniature circuit breaker, comprising a trigger armature which actuates a switch lock and which can be actuated by a coil through which a current to be monitored flows.
  • Fuses are essentially used on overcurrent switch-off devices - they can only be used for a single switch-off process - and on the other hand reusable circuit breakers that can therefore be used several times are used.
  • an overload protection of the above-mentioned designs is normally provided in the supply line before this supply line is divided into a plurality of circuits connected in parallel with one another.
  • Each of these circuits has its own protective devices - usually consisting of personal protection (RCCBs or the like) and system protection (circuit breakers, fuses or the like). If necessary, these circuits can in turn be subdivided into further sub-circuits that are also protected by protective devices.
  • Such a circuit structure results in a series connection of the protective devices of the feed line, circuit and sub-circuit.
  • this selectivity is determined by the heating power required for melting the fuse wire, which is proportional to the square of the current and the duration of the overcurrent.
  • a first device is provided for switching off overcurrents which are only slightly above the nominal system current and act over longer periods of time.
  • the second, so-called short-circuit current triggering is usually implemented by a coil through which the current to be monitored flows and with a movable armature which effects the shutdown.
  • thermal bimetal strips through which the current to be monitored flow are used, which bimetal strips deform in a manner analogous to the fuse wires in proportion to the square of the current and the time and by this deformation enable the switching action of the short-circuit current release with a time delay.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a triggering device of the type mentioned at the outset which has a selective triggering behavior, but for which it has only a few, insensitive and easy-to-install components to be added to the conventional triggering coil.
  • a tripping device for an overcurrent shutdown device such as Miniature circuit breakers, comprising a tripping armature that actuates a switch lock and can be actuated by a coil through which a current to be monitored flows
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the tripping armature indirectly by means of at least one elastic coupling element and optionally one or more auxiliary anchors connected to the trigger armature, directly movable from the coil magnetic armature and that the trigger armature is held in its rest position with a predetermined holding force.
  • the holding force is a force generated mechanically, which leads to a robust and compact design of the triggering device according to the invention.
  • the holding force is a static friction force which can be generated by components in contact with the release armature.
  • the holding force can be adjusted particularly easily by changing the contact pressure exerted by the components on the release armature.
  • the holding force by resilient components acting on the release armature such as e.g. a snap spring can be generated.
  • the holding force is a magnetic force generated by at least one permanent or electromagnet acting on the release armature.
  • Such systems have relatively precisely predictable magnetic properties which are constant with respect to environmental influences, so that the triggering devices provided with them have almost constant time delays over their service life.
  • the holding force acting on the release armature can be changed, because the time delay of the release process can thus be changed and with a switching device provided according to the invention can be adjusted to the protective devices connected downstream of it.
  • the holding force can be changed depending on the strength of the current to be monitored.
  • An adaptive behavior of the triggering device can thus be implemented; depending on the size of the short-circuit current, the relative switch-off delay increases automatically.
  • the holding force can be generated by an electromagnet which is flowed through by a current which is directly proportional to the current to be monitored.
  • the at least one elastic coupling member is formed by a helical spring, because such components require little space, but at the same time have good and constant elasticity.
  • the magnetic armature is arranged at least in sections inside the coil.
  • the magnetic armature can thus be moved in a precisely predictable manner by the magnetic forces of the current to be monitored.
  • the trigger armature is also arranged inside the coil, the trigger armature being formed from non-magnetizable material.
  • the magnet armature is designed as a tube piece closed on one side and that the trigger armature and the at least one coupling member are at least partially arranged within the cavity formed by the magnet armature. This allows a further geometric downsizing of the triggering device according to the invention, it is essentially only dependent on the size of the coil, outside of which there are no more moving components.
  • the release armature has a shoulder which extends through the magnet armature and preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the coil and on which shoulder the holding force acts.
  • the components introducing the holding force can be arranged outside the coil, so that they in no way hinder the freedom of movement of the components arranged inside the coil.
  • the trigger device shown in Fig. 1 for an overcurrent shutdown device such as Circuit breaker, has a magnet armature 5 consisting of a magnetizable material such as iron, which magnet armature 5 is directly movable by a coil 3.
  • the current flowing through the coil 3 is the current to be monitored and, if necessary, to be switched off.
  • a tripping armature 1 is provided which can actuate a switch lock 20, which switch lock 20 opens the contacts 21 through which the current to be monitored flows.
  • this actuation can take place via a release pin 2 molded onto the release anchor 1, but alternatively can also be carried out directly from the release anchor 1 itself.
  • Trigger armature 1 and magnet armature 5 are mechanically connected to one another by an elastic coupling member 4, which in the simplest case is formed by a helical spring.
  • the trigger armature 1 is not freely movable, but is held in its rest position with a predeterminable holding force F H.
  • a return spring 6 is provided, which is supported on the one hand on the trigger armature 1 and on the other hand on a housing part 7, shown only symbolically.
  • Said tripping can be divided into two tripping phases, which are described below.
  • a first tripping phase immediately following the occurrence of the overcurrent, the overcurrent generates a magnetic field proportional to its strength via the coil 3, which moves the magnet armature 5 in the direction of the tripping armature 1.
  • This movement is transmitted via the elastic coupling member 4 to the release armature 1, which, however, temporarily remains in its rest position due to the holding force F H acting on it.
  • the coupling member 4 is increasingly biased, as a result of which the force acting on the release armature 1 increases.
  • magnet armature 5 and coupling element 4 represent an oscillation system which is excited by the magnetic force generated by the overcurrent.
  • the time required for the magnetic armature 5 to pretension the coupling member until the holding force F H is exceeded and the trigger armature 1 can be deflected from its rest position results in the time delay and the selectivity of the triggering device according to the invention.
  • the second tripping phase occurs.
  • the tripping armature 1 suddenly starts moving, as a result of which the switching lock 20 is actuated and the contacts 21 of the overcurrent protection device are subsequently opened.
  • the now coupled masses of magnet 5 and tripping armature 1, in cooperation with the return spring 6, represent the vibration system.
  • the triggering is therefore not initiated by an armature that is actuated directly by the overcurrent, but takes place indirectly by the movement of the magnetic armature 5 that is directly movable by the coil 3 and that is connected to the trigger armature 1 by means of the elastic coupling element 4.
  • the time delay for triggering is essentially created in the first trigger phase. It is determined by the mechanical properties of the vibration system - magnet armature mass, spring rate of the coupling member 4 and magnet armature stroke - and by the current force. As is known, the current force is proportional to the current square, and consequently also the movement of the magnet armature 5. The delay is therefore also proportional to the current square, just as in the known, electrothermally functioning delay devices mentioned at the beginning.
  • auxiliary armature 11 between the magnet 5 and the trigger armature 1.
  • These auxiliary anchors 11 are mechanically connected to one another via further elastic coupling members 40 and are subjected to holding forces F H in their rest positions analogous to the release anchor 1.
  • Such a mechanical series connection of several armatures results in an addition of their holding forces F H and an increase in the deflection path to be traveled by the magnet armature 5 and thus in an extension of the delay time.
  • the described holding forces F H can in principle be generated in any way.
  • 3a and 3b show examples of the generation of the holding force by mechanical means.
  • the holding force F H is a static friction force which is generated by components 8 which are in contact with the release armature 1 and which clamp the release armature 1 between them.
  • the alternative according to FIG. 3b provides for the holding force F H to be generated by resilient components 9, such as a snap spring, acting on the release armature 1.
  • This snap spring 9 is designed as a leaf spring clamped on both sides and biased against the direction of movement of the release armature 1. If the force acting on it is large enough, it bends against its pretensioning direction and thus allows the release armature 1 to move.
  • holding force F H is a magnetic force generated by at least one permanent or electromagnet acting on the release armature 1. Examples are 4, 5 and 6. These drawings represent variant embodiments of the invention that can be used in practice.
  • the coil 3 is arranged on a non-magnetic winding body 10, the magnetic armature 5 being arranged in sections inside the coil 3. Furthermore, a yoke 23 made of magnetizable material is provided, which for the most part extends outside the coil 3 and has an extension 24 which projects into the coil 3 at the end of the coil 3 closer to the switching mechanism 20.
  • the magnetic field generated by a coil current closes via the yoke 23, the magnet armature 5, the working air gap a and the yoke attachment 24.
  • the trigger armature 1 is also arranged in the interior of the coil 3, but must be made of non-magnetizable material, such as e.g. Aluminum or plastic may be formed so that it is not moved by the magnetic forces generated by the coil 3.
  • the magnet armature 5 is designed as a tube piece closed on one side, the release armature 1 and the coupling member 4 being arranged within the cavity formed by the magnet armature 5.
  • the trigger armature 1 has a trigger pin 2 extending from the coil 3 and can be brought into its rest position by a return spring 6 analogously to the illustration according to FIG.
  • this has an extension 12 which extends through the magnet armature 5 and preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the coil 3. This has freely accessible and therefore loadable sections.
  • the approach 12 is not mandatory, in the sense of the invention it is also possible to let the holding forces F H act directly on the release armature 1.
  • the components required for this would have to be arranged in the interior of the coil 3 and, if necessary, recesses should be provided for them in the magnet armature 5 so that its freedom of movement is not hindered.
  • the holding force F H is generated magnetically in this exemplary embodiment, specifically by means of a permanent magnet 13.
  • an anchor 26 is fixed at the upper end of the extension 12.
  • the armature 26 forms a magnetic circuit for the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 13. Due to the resulting holding forces between the armature 26 and the yoke 25, the tripping armature 1 is held in the rest position shown.
  • yoke 25 and permanent magnet 13 - there are air gaps 27 between armature 26 and yoke 25 and an air gap 28 between permanent magnet 13 and armature 26.
  • the resulting holding forces F H can be changed by changing the size of these air gaps 27, 28 can be changed.
  • Said air gap change can be made, for example, by choosing the height of the permanent magnet 13, through inserts of different thicknesses arranged between the yoke 25 and the armature 27 non-magnetizable material, by changing the length of the yoke legs or similar measures.
  • the magnet armature 5 strikes the trigger armature 1 and takes it along in its further downward movement. This knocking results in a shock process in which the magnetic armature 5 is deprived of kinetic energy, which in turn delays the switching action and thus contributes to the selective shutdown behavior of the arrangement.
  • the dimensioning of the distances a, b, c, d is important for the correct functioning of the arrangement described.
  • the distance d between the magnet 5 and the tripping armature 1 must be smaller than the distance a between the magnet armature 5 and the yoke attachment 24, so that it is ensured that at the end of the possible path of movement of the magnet armature 5 it meets the yoke attachment 24 on the release armature 1 has actuated the switch lock 20.
  • it is necessary that the path of movement of the release armature b is long enough to actuate the switching mechanism 20.
  • the armature 26 strikes the winding body 10 during the movement of the trigger armature 1 and thus holds the trigger armature 1 in place. This is achieved in that the distance c is larger than distance b.
  • the particularly preferred exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 largely corresponds to that of FIG. 4, but here the permanent magnet 13 is replaced by an electromagnet formed from winding 15 and yoke 25.
  • an armature 26 is provided which is connected to the projection 12 and which forms a magnetic circuit with the yoke 25.
  • a separate component 14 is provided for the mechanical mounting of the electromagnet.
  • the change in the holding force F H can also take place here again by adjusting the lengths of the air gaps 27, 28. It is particularly expedient not to provide the air gaps 27, that is to say to leave the armature 26 on the yoke 25 and to make the section 25 ′ of the yoke 25 running inside the winding 15 displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the winding 15. The holding force F H can thus be adjusted mechanically.
  • the holding force F H can also be changed by changing the current flowing through the winding 15.
  • the variability of the holding force F H is in no way limited to a magnetic force generation.
  • the components 8 indicated in FIG. 3a can also be arranged displaceably, as a result of which the contact pressure on the release armature 1 and thus the holding force F H can be changed.
  • the holding force F H can be changed as a function of the strength of the current to be monitored.
  • this can be implemented particularly simply in that the current flowing through the winding 15 is directly proportional to the current to be monitored.
  • the proportionality mentioned is most easily achieved in that the overcurrent itself flows through the winding 15 of the electromagnet.
  • the coil 3 and the winding 15 are connected in series with one another.
  • coil 3 and winding 15 could also be connected in parallel - cf.
  • Dashed connecting lines 18, 19; 15 series impedances can be switched in the branch of the winding in order to adjust the current flowing through the winding 15 and thus the holding force F H generated.
  • a preferred area of application of the tripping device according to the invention described is in use in circuit breakers, which should not, however, preclude use in other devices which cut off overcurrent.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
EP97890097A 1996-06-14 1997-05-30 Déclencheur pour disjoncteur de surintensité Expired - Lifetime EP0813218B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97890097T ATE297052T1 (de) 1996-06-14 1997-05-30 Auslöse-einrichtung für ein überstrom- abschaltgerät

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT105096 1996-06-14
AT1050/96 1996-06-14
AT0105096A AT405113B (de) 1996-06-14 1996-06-14 Auslöse-einrichtung für ein überstrom-abschaltgerät

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0813218A2 true EP0813218A2 (fr) 1997-12-17
EP0813218A3 EP0813218A3 (fr) 1998-06-17
EP0813218B1 EP0813218B1 (fr) 2005-06-01

Family

ID=3505507

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97890097A Expired - Lifetime EP0813218B1 (fr) 1996-06-14 1997-05-30 Déclencheur pour disjoncteur de surintensité

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0813218B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1163930C (fr)
AR (1) AR007579A1 (fr)
AT (2) AT405113B (fr)
AU (1) AU714838B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59712329D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2112237T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR980300005T1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1003401A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN191123B (fr)
SG (1) SG75118A1 (fr)
TN (1) TNSN97104A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000021109A1 (fr) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-13 Aeg Niederspannungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Systeme magnetique
EP2141717A2 (fr) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-06 Robert Seuffer GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de commutation doté d'un dispositif de déclenchement
EP2533263A1 (fr) * 2011-06-06 2012-12-12 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Actionneur magnétique avec plusieurs entrefers
CN105513916A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2016-04-20 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 用在断路器中的延时动作机构、和断路器
US11328889B2 (en) 2015-08-05 2022-05-10 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Circuit breaker

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100876412B1 (ko) * 2007-07-12 2008-12-31 엘에스산전 주식회사 차단기의 지연시간 출력장치
DE102010041728B4 (de) * 2010-09-30 2014-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Magneto-mechanischer Aktor, Schaltanordnung und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines magneto-mechanischen Aktors

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189617A (en) * 1921-10-21 1922-12-07 Electric Construction Co Overload trip retarding or delaying device for electric circuit breakers or automatic switches
DE438518C (de) * 1925-12-01 1926-12-16 Aeg Zeitrelais, insbesondere fuer UEberstromrelais
GB522303A (en) * 1939-06-08 1940-06-14 Gordon Spencer Marston Improvements in or relating to tripping devices for electric circuit breakers and switches
DE4238939A1 (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-06-24 Abb Patent Gmbh Trigger for electromagnetic circuit-breaker - has armature release point determined by combination of permanent magnet and adjustable electromagnet device.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2348613C2 (de) * 1973-09-27 1975-11-06 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Selbstschalter, insbesondere Schutzschalter
DE2951900A1 (de) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-02 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Ausloeser fuer fehlerstromschutzschalter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189617A (en) * 1921-10-21 1922-12-07 Electric Construction Co Overload trip retarding or delaying device for electric circuit breakers or automatic switches
DE438518C (de) * 1925-12-01 1926-12-16 Aeg Zeitrelais, insbesondere fuer UEberstromrelais
GB522303A (en) * 1939-06-08 1940-06-14 Gordon Spencer Marston Improvements in or relating to tripping devices for electric circuit breakers and switches
DE4238939A1 (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-06-24 Abb Patent Gmbh Trigger for electromagnetic circuit-breaker - has armature release point determined by combination of permanent magnet and adjustable electromagnet device.

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000021109A1 (fr) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-13 Aeg Niederspannungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Systeme magnetique
AU746757B2 (en) * 1998-10-02 2002-05-02 Aeg Niederspannungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetic system
EP2141717A2 (fr) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-06 Robert Seuffer GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de commutation doté d'un dispositif de déclenchement
EP2141717A3 (fr) * 2008-06-30 2012-03-07 Robert Seuffer GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de commutation doté d'un dispositif de déclenchement
EP2533263A1 (fr) * 2011-06-06 2012-12-12 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Actionneur magnétique avec plusieurs entrefers
CN103000462A (zh) * 2011-06-06 2013-03-27 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 具有多个气隙的磁致动器
CN103000462B (zh) * 2011-06-06 2015-12-16 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 具有多个气隙的磁致动器
US11328889B2 (en) 2015-08-05 2022-05-10 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Circuit breaker
EP3537467B1 (fr) * 2015-08-05 2022-08-10 Ellenberger & Poensgen GmbH Disjoncteur
CN105513916A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2016-04-20 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 用在断路器中的延时动作机构、和断路器
CN105513916B (zh) * 2016-01-21 2018-06-29 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 用在断路器中的延时动作机构、和断路器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2112237T1 (es) 1998-04-01
EP0813218B1 (fr) 2005-06-01
DE59712329D1 (de) 2005-07-07
GR980300005T1 (en) 1998-02-27
ES2112237T3 (es) 2005-10-16
EP0813218A3 (fr) 1998-06-17
CN1169583A (zh) 1998-01-07
AU714838B2 (en) 2000-01-13
AU2373197A (en) 1997-12-18
ATA105096A (de) 1998-09-15
SG75118A1 (en) 2000-09-19
IN191123B (fr) 2003-09-27
HK1003401A1 (en) 1998-10-30
AR007579A1 (es) 1999-11-10
ATE297052T1 (de) 2005-06-15
TNSN97104A1 (fr) 1999-12-31
AT405113B (de) 1999-05-25
CN1163930C (zh) 2004-08-25

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