Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
  • C07G1/00—Lignin; Lignin derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/64—Macromolecular compounds not provided for by groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/63
  • C08G18/6492—Lignin containing materials; Wood resins; Wood tars; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
  • C08L97/005—Lignin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products

Definitions

• foams and urethane plastics are made by reacting a polyol with an isocyanate with a functionality of at least 2 (two) or greater.
• the polyol can be a polyester molecule which has at least a functionality of at least 2 (two) or greater.
• the polyol can also be a polyether polyol which is made by reacting propylene oxide or ethylene oxide with a molecule such as ethylene glycol or glycerine to produce molecules with various molecule weights, which have pendant hydroxyl groups which will react with difunctional or multifunctional isocyanates to produce a solid plastic or foam.
• a polyether polyol which is made by reacting propylene oxide or ethylene oxide with a molecule such as ethylene glycol or glycerine to produce molecules with various molecule weights, which have pendant hydroxyl groups which will react with difunctional or multifunctional isocyanates to produce a solid plastic or foam.
• a rigid foam or a urethane plastic it is necessary to react one part polyol with one part isocyanate. This is because the isocyanate generally contains aromatic rings and this is what makes the foam rigid, as well as having a high cross
• a major disadvantage of these high levels of isocyanate is that when the foam is burned, high levels of toxic gases are produced which are generally derived from the isocyanate part of the molecule. It would be a tremendous advantage to be able to reduce the toxic fumes. It has been discovered that by using the lignin molecule as part of the polyol portion the significant advantages result. One is that by using the lignin molecule in the polyol portion of the system the amount of isocyanate can be reduced 40% or more and still produce rigid foam. This reduces the amount of toxic gases that are derived from the isocyanate portion of the system.
• the lignin molecule is a natural phenolic type molecule that occurs in wood, straw, sugar cane and other natural materials.
• lignin that is produced as a byproduct of the pulping process to make paper is just burned to recover heat value. In the United States alone over 50 billion pounds lignin are burned annually just for its heat value. Any lignin from the Kraft pulping process, sulfite pulping process, semi mechanical pulping process, thermomechanical pulping process, semi-chemical pulping process, solvent process, steam explosion pulping process and biomass pulping process can be used.
• lignins can function quite well as a polyol component for an isocyanate system, these lignins can be used at different levels in the system depending on what fmal properties of the system are desired.
• the use of the lignin molecule also significantly improves the moisture resistance of a foam, in fact when the proper level of lignin is used in a urethane foam the urethane foam will be almost impervious to moisture even when in direct contact with moisture.
• Commercial foams made with the present polyols literally absorb moisture like a sponge.
• Another major advantage of using lignin as a part of the polyol system is the flame resistance of the finished foam or urethane foam of urethane plastic part.
• lignin acts as a natural flame retardant.
• polyether polyol that is made from ethylene oxide. This is very important because when a regular polyether polyol is made from just propylene oxide the resulting polyol does not readily solubilize the lignin molecule and in many cases phase separation results and does not produce a quality urethane foam or plastic product.
• ethylene oxide as a part of the polyol makes it possible to make these blends with lignin.
• one of the major aspects of this invention is that in order to make high quality urethane foams and plastic materials the amount of sodium or other caustic ions such as potassium that are present in the lignin can have a dramatic affect on the properties of the final urethane product. This is because it is a well known fact that materials that produce a basic PH in water can perform as very strong catalysts for the isocyanate hydroxyl reaction that produces the urethane linkage. Therefore if the sodium level is too high it will cause the reaction between the hydroxyl groups and isocyanates go too fast which can produce a very poor quality product.
• a suitable vessel use heat and or pressure to blend 300 parts of a lignin produced from a solvent pulping process and 700 parts of WL-440 (a polyether polyol that is made from a combination of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide) with agitation by using a suitable mixer and heat and higher pressure if necessary.
• This mixture can be heated to 200° F. to improve the rate of solution, the mixing is continued until a dark solution results.
• What results is a liquid material that has the following physical viscosity: 1532 centistrokes at 100° F. whose viscosity will depend on the particular lignin that is used.
• thermosetting urethane part 1.5 parts of the resin solution of Example I is mixed with 1 part of Rubinate R1840 (an ICI product) and poured into a mold and allowed to harden. The mold can be heated as in a compression mold and this will produce a very hard tough plastic. The hardness of the product will depend on the particular lignin used.
• Example III In order to produce a foam, 2 parts of the lignin based polyol of
• Example I is premixed with 0.05 parts of water and 1 part Rubinate R1840 and then poured into a suitable container and a free rising foam will result.
• Example IV is premixed with 0.05 parts of water and 1 part Rubinate R1840 and then poured into a suitable container and a free rising foam will result.
• a blowing agent can be mixed with this lignin based polyol in example I. Therefore 2 parts of lignin based polyol of example I is premixed with 0.6 parts of Forane 141 b (1.1 dichloro- 1-fluroethane), then this mixture is mixed with 1 part of Rubinate R-1840 and then poured into a suitable container and a free rising foam low density will result.
• Forane 141 b 1.1 dichloro- 1-fluroethane
• one part of the lignin based polyol of example I is mixed with 1 part of suitable coating solvent depending on the coating application. Then this premix is mixed with 1 part Rubinate R-1840 and the resulting mixture is used to coat a variety of substances. The viscosity of this resulting mixture can be adjusted with suitable solvents depending on the final coating application.
• Kraft lignin or other type lignin may be employed.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-12-27 JP JP9524388A patent/JPH11501946A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-12-27 WO PCT/US1996/020140 patent/WO1997024362A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-27 BR BR9607058A patent/BR9607058A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-27 PL PL96322023A patent/PL322023A1/xx unknown
  • 1996-12-27 CN CN96192247A patent/CN1176643A/zh active Pending
  • 1996-12-27 AU AU13364/97A patent/AU1336497A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-12-27 EA EA199700204A patent/EA199700204A1/ru unknown
  • 1996-12-27 KR KR1019970705973A patent/KR19980702567A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-27 EP EP96944852A patent/EP0812326A4/en not_active Ceased
  • 1996-12-27 MX MX9706348A patent/MX9706348A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-12-27 CA CA2214013A patent/CA2214013C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1997
  • 1997-08-22 SE SE9703037A patent/SE9703037L/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-08-29 NO NO973988A patent/NO973988L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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