EP0806510A1 - Lining material, process for its manufacture and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A load-bearing interlayer (I), containing (A) a textile sheet and (B) a reinforcement containing monofilaments with a diameter of at least 0.1 (preferably 0.1-1) mm. Also claimed is: (i) a process for the production of (I); (ii) composites containing (I); and (iii) roofing and sealing strips containing (I). Preferably monofilaments (B) have a diameter of 0.1-0.5 (preferably 0.1-0.3) mm, a Young's modulus of at least 5 GPa and an elongation at break of 0.5-100%. Preferred (B) consist of high-modulus aramid, high-strength polyester monofilaments, or monofilament wire made of metals or metal alloys. The monofilaments absorb energy so that the standard load (SL) in the stress-strain curve (at 20 degrees C) for the combination (A/B) differs from that of the interlayer without (B) by at least 10 (preferably 20, more preferably 30) %, and the ratio of SL at 20 degrees C divided by SL at 180 degrees C is not more than 3, in each case at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation. Textile (A) consists of spun-bonded fabric, especially polyester containing at least 85 mole% polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which may also be mechanically, thermally and/or chemically bonded and possibly provided with an embossed pattern.

Description

The invention relates to a carrier insert which is particularly suitable as a carrier insert for producing roofing sheets or as a tarpaulin or surface.

Carrier inserts for the production of roofing membranes must meet a wide range of requirements. On the one hand, sufficient mechanical stability is required, such as good perforation resistance and good tensile strength, in order, for example, to withstand the mechanical loads during further processing, such as bituminization or laying. In addition, a high level of resistance to thermal stress, for example when bituminizing or to radiant heat, and resistance to flying flames are required. There has been no shortage of attempts to improve existing core inserts.

It is already known, for example, to combine nonwovens based on synthetic fiber nonwovens with reinforcing fibers, for example with glass fibers. Examples of such sealing sheets can be found in GB-A-1,517,595, DE-Gbm-77-39,489, EP-A-160,609, EP-A-176-847, EP-A-403,403 and EP-A-530,769. According to this prior art, the connection between the nonwoven fabric and the reinforcing fibers takes place either by gluing with a binder or by needling the layers of different material.

It is also known to produce composite materials by knitting or sewing techniques. Examples of these can be found in DE-A-3,347,280, US-A-4,472,086, EP-A-333,602 and EP-A-395,548.

DE-A-3,417,517 discloses a textile interlining material with anisotropic properties and a process for its production. The interlining consists of a substrate which has a surface melting below 150 ° C and associated reinforcement filaments melting above 180 ° C, which are fixed on this surface parallel to each other. According to one embodiment, the substrate can be a nonwoven fabric, on one surface of which there are hot-melt adhesive fibers or filaments which are provided for producing a bond between the reinforcing fibers arranged in parallel with the nonwoven fabric.

A combination of reinforcing fibers in the form of bicomponent fibers with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers is known from US Pat. No. 4,504,539.

EP-A-0,281,643 discloses a combination of reinforcing fibers in the form of a network of bicomponent fibers with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers, the weight fraction of the network of bicomponent fibers being at least 15% by weight.

From JP-A-81-5879 a composite is known which is provided with a mesh-like reinforcing material.

From GB-A-2,017,180 a filter material made of inorganic non-woven material and metal wires is known, which is used for exhaust air purification at high temperatures (higher than 300 ° C).

DE-Gbm-295 00 830 describes the reinforcement of a glass fleece with synthetic monofilaments. These reinforcing monofilaments do not contribute significantly to the reference force at low strains in the sealing membrane. However, they have a significantly higher maximum tensile strength expansion than the glass fleece; thus the areal connection of the geomembrane also becomes guaranteed in the event of deformations that can lead to breakage of the glass fleece. The shrinkage of the synthetic monofilaments is higher than the shrinkage of the glass fleece and can lead to waviness in the sealing membrane.

DE-A-3,941,189 also discloses a combination of reinforcing fibers in the form of a thread chain with nonwovens based on synthetic fibers, which can be connected to one another in a wide variety of ways. A preferred connection technique is needling. With needling there is a risk of damage or breakage of the reinforcement threads.

This application tries to solve this problem by special orientation of the needles. However, this ideal alignment of needles to reinforcing threads is not always guaranteed under manufacturing conditions.

It is an object of the present invention to develop a carrier insert which has an excellent mechanical requirement profile, e.g. a high modulus at low strains and at room temperature. To solve this task, monofilaments are used, the diameter of which is larger than the notch protrusion of the needles. The reinforcement by monofilaments according to the invention leads to particularly low values of the expansion reserve; due to their inherent rigidity, these monofilaments or flat structures made from them can be fed in in a particularly well-oriented manner and installed in the carrier insert. Unlike multifilaments, they always have a load-bearing effect across their entire cross-section. The diameter of the monofilaments is preferably greater than the sum of the notch protrusion and the notch depth of the needles. The diameter of the monofilaments used is usually at least 0.1 mm.

The present invention relates to a carrier insert containing a textile fabric and a reinforcement, characterized in that the Reinforcement contains monofilaments with a diameter of at least 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.1-1 mm, particularly preferably 0.1-0.5 mm, and particularly preferably 0.1-0.3 mm.

Such carrier inserts can absorb a force, so that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C) the reference force of the carrier insert with reinforcement compared to the carrier insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation at least at one point by at least 10% , preferably by at least 20%, particularly preferably by at least 30%.

The term "textile fabric" is to be understood in its broadest meaning within the scope of this description. These can be all structures made of fibers from synthesized polymers that have been manufactured using a surface-forming technique.

The terms notch depth and notch protrusion are defined in a brochure from Groz-Beckert from 1994 with the name "felting and structuring needles".

The reference force is measured in accordance with EN 29073, Part 3, on 5 cm wide samples with a measuring length of 100 mm. The numerical value of the prestressing force, specified in centinewtons, corresponds to the numerical value of the mass per unit area, specified in grams per square meter.

Examples of textile fabrics are fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics, and preferably nonwovens.

Of the nonwovens made of fibers from synthetic polymers, spunbonded fabrics, so-called spunbonds, which are produced by randomly depositing freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred. They consist of endless synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials. Suitable polymer materials are, for example, polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene diadipamide, polycaprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides (“aramids”), aliphatic polyamides, such as nylon, partially aromatic or fully aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers with ether and keto groups, such as polyether ketones (PEK) and poly ether ketones (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.

The spunbonded fabrics preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters. In principle, all known types suitable for fiber production can be considered as polyester material. Such polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks which are derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent residues of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable. Spunbonded fabrics which consist of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate are particularly advantageous. The remaining 15 mol% then build up from dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units, which act as so-called modifying agents and which allow the person skilled in the art to specifically influence the physical and chemical properties of the filaments produced. Examples of such dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as e.g. Glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid; Examples of diol residues with a modifying action are those of longer-chain diols, e.g. B. of propanediol or butanediol, of di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol with a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000.

Polyesters which contain at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in particular those made of unmodified PET, are particularly preferred.

If the carrier inlays according to the invention are also to have a flame-retardant effect, it is advantageous if they have been spun from flame-retardant modified polyesters. Such flame-retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions of halogen compounds, in particular bromine compounds, or, which is particularly advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds which are condensed into the polyester chain.

worin R Alkylen oder Polymethylen mit 2 bis 6 C-Atomen oder Phenyl und R¹ Alkyl mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, Aryl oder Aralkyl bedeutet, einkondensiert enthalten. Vorzugsweise bedeuten in der Formel (I) R Ethylen und R¹ Methyl, Ethyl, Phenyl, oder o-, m- oder p-Methyl-phenyl, insbesondere Methyl. Derartige Spinnvliese werden z.B. in der DE-A-39 40 713 beschrieben.The spunbonded fabrics particularly preferably contain flame-retardant modified polyesters which in the chain contain assemblies of the formula (I)

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl and R ^{1 is} alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, contained in condensed form. In formula (I), R is preferably ethylene and R ^{1 is} methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, in particular methyl. Such spunbonded fabrics are described, for example, in DE-A-39 40 713.

The polyesters contained in the spunbonded fabrics preferably have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV), measured in a solution of 1 g of polymer in 100 ml of dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C., from 0.6 to 1.4.

The individual titer of the polyester filaments in the spunbonded fabric is between 1 and 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 8 dtex.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the spunbonded nonwoven can also be a nonwoven bond strengthened by melt binder, which contains carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers. The carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic thread-forming polymers. Carrier fibers can also be derived from non-melting thread-forming polymers. Such melt-bond-strengthened spunbonded fabrics are described, for example, in EP-A-0,446,822 and EP-A-0,590,629.

Examples of polymers from which the carrier fibers can be derived are polyacrylonitrile, polyolefins, such as polyethylene, essentially aliphatic polyamides, such as nylon 6.6, essentially aromatic polyamides (aramids), such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) or copolymers containing a proportion on aromatic m-diamine units to improve solubility or poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), essentially aromatic polyesters, such as poly (p-hydroxybenzoate) or preferably essentially aliphatic polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate.

The proportion of the two types of fibers to one another can be selected within wide limits, it being important to ensure that the proportion of hot-melt adhesive fibers is chosen so high that the nonwoven fabric is given sufficient strength for the desired application by bonding the carrier fibers to the hot-melt adhesive fibers. The proportion of hot melt adhesive originating from the hot melt adhesive fiber in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50% by weight, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.

Modified polyesters with a melting point which is lowered by 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C., compared to the nonwoven raw material, are particularly suitable as hot-melt adhesives. Examples of such a hot melt adhesive are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or by condensing longer-chain diols and / or polyethylene terephthalate modified by isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.

The hot melt adhesives are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in fiber form.

Carrier and hot-melt adhesive fibers are preferably constructed from one polymer class. This means that all fibers used are selected from a class of substances so that they can be easily recycled after the fleece has been used. If the carrier fibers consist of polyester, for example, the hot melt adhesive fibers are also made of polyester or a mixture of polyesters, e.g. B. selected as a bicomponent fiber with PET in the core and a lower melting polyethylene terephthalate copolymer as a sheath: However, bicomponent fibers are also possible which are made up of different polymers. Examples include bicomponent fibers made of polyester and polyamide (core / shell).

The individual fiber titers of the carrier and hot melt adhesive fibers can be selected within wide limits. Examples of common titer ranges are 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.

If the carrier inserts according to the invention with flame-retardant properties are additionally bound, they preferably contain flame-retardant hot-melt adhesives. As a flame retardant hot melt adhesive z. B. a modified by incorporation of chain links of the formula (I) indicated polyethylene terephthalate in the laminate according to the invention.

The filaments or staple fibers that make up the nonwovens can have a practically round cross section or can also have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney-shaped, triangular or tri or multilobal cross sections. Hollow fibers can also be used. Furthermore, the hot-melt adhesive fiber can also be used in the form of bi- or multicomponent fibers.

The fibers forming the textile fabric can be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black.

The weight per unit area of the spunbonded fabric is between 20 and 500 g / m ² , preferably 40 and 250 g / m ² .

The reinforcement used in the carrier insert according to the invention is such that it absorbs and dissipates a force even at an elongation in the range from 0 to 1% (at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C.), so that the reference force is shown in the force-elongation diagram (KD diagram ) increases by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, particularly preferably by at least 30%, compared to the unreinforced carrier insert.
In addition, the reinforcement is such that the reference force of the carrier insert at room temperature (20 ° C.) divided by the reference force of the carrier insert at 180 °, measured at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, has a quotient of at most 3 ( three), preferably at most 2.5, particularly preferably less than 2.

The above properties are obtained by monofilaments whose Young's modulus is at least 5 Gpa, preferably at least 10 Gpa, particularly preferably at least 20 Gpa. The abovementioned monofilaments have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 mm, preferably 0.1 and 0.5 mm, in particular 0.1 and 0.3 mm and have an elongation at break of 0.5 to 100%, preferably 1 to 60 %. The carrier inlays according to the invention particularly advantageously have an expansion reserve of less than 1%.

The stretch reserve is the stretch that acts on the carrier insert before the force acting on the monofilaments is dissipated, ie a stretch reserve of 0% would mean that tensile forces acting on the carrier insert would be dissipated immediately on the monofilaments. This means that forces acting on the spunbonded fabric do not first bring about an alignment or orientation of the monofilaments, but rather are derived directly on the monofilaments, so that damage to the textile fabric can be avoided. This is particularly evident in a steep increase in the force to be applied with small strains (force-strain diagram at room temperature). In addition, with the help of suitable monofilaments that have a high elongation at break, the maximum tensile strength elongation of the carrier insert can be considerably improved. For example, high-strength monofilaments made of polyester or wires made of metals or metallic alloys with an elongation at break of at least 10% are suitable.

Monofilaments based on aramids, preferably so-called high-module aramids, high-strength polyester monofilaments and particularly preferably monofilament wires made of metals or metallic alloys, are preferably used.

For economic reasons, preferred reinforcements consist of metal monofilaments in the form of parallel thread sheets, scrims or fabrics, which may also contain other monofilaments or multifilaments.

Usually, the nonwovens are only reinforced in the longitudinal direction by thread sheets running in parallel.

The reinforcement by monofilaments according to the invention leads to particularly low values of the expansion reserve; due to their inherent rigidity, these monofilaments or flat structures made from them can be fed in in a particularly well-oriented manner and installed in the carrier insert. Unlike multifilaments, they always have a load-bearing effect across their entire cross-section.

The monofilaments are preferably fed in during spunbond formation and thus embedded in the spunbonded fabric. The thread density can vary within wide limits depending on the desired property profile. The thread density is preferably between 20 and 200 threads per Meter. The thread density is measured perpendicular to the thread running direction.

After they have been produced, the spunbonded nonwovens are usually subjected to chemical or thermal and / or mechanical consolidation in a known manner. The spunbonded fabrics are preferably mechanically consolidated by needling. For this purpose, the spunbonded fabric, which advantageously already contains the monofilaments, is usually needled with a needle density of 20 to 100 stitches / cm ² . The needling is carried out according to the invention by needles whose notch protrusion, preferably the sum of notch protrusion and notch depth, is smaller than the diameter of the monofilaments. This will not damage the monofilaments. The spunbonded webs are then subjected to further consolidation steps, for example a thermal treatment.
For this purpose, the spunbonded nonwovens, which can be bonded with melt binders and which also contain binder fibers in addition to carrier fibers, are thermally bonded in a manner known per se with a calender or in an oven.
If the spunbonded fabrics do not contain any binding fibers capable of thermal consolidation, these spunbonded fabrics are impregnated with a chemical binder. Acrylic binders are particularly suitable for this. The proportion of binder is expediently up to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 25% by weight. The exact choice of the binder is based on the special interests of the processor. Hard binders allow high processing speeds with impregnation, especially bituminization, while a soft binder gives particularly high values of tear and nail tear resistance.

In a further embodiment, flame-retardant modified binders can also be used.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the carrier web according to the invention has an embossing pattern of statistically distributed or repeat arranged, small-area embossments, preferably a canvas embossing, in which the pressing surface, ie the totality of all thin, compacted areas of the spunbonded fabric makes up 30 to 60%, preferably 40 to 45% of its total area, and the thickness of the compacted areas of the nonwoven fabric is at least 20%, preferably 25 to 50%, the thickness of the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven. In the case of melt-bond-bonded spunbonded nonwovens, this embossing pattern can advantageously be applied during calender bonding. If the carrier insert is finally consolidated by a chemical binder, the embossing pattern can also be embossed using a calender. This embossing pattern, which is applied to both surfaces of the spunbonded fabric, but preferably only to one surface of the spunbonded fabric, when it passes through the spunbonded fabric, has a large number of small embossments which have a size of 0.2 to 40 mm ² , preferably 0 , 2 to 10 mm ² , and are separated from one another by interposed, approximately the same size, non-embossed surface elements of the fleece. The area of the compacted areas of the nonwoven and the non-compacted areas of the nonwoven can be determined, for example, by means of microscopic cross-sectional images.

The carrier inlays according to the invention can be combined with other textile fabrics, so that their properties are variable. Such composites, which contain the carrier insert according to the invention, are also the subject of the invention.

The reinforcement from monofilaments can be supplied before, during and / or after the formation of the textile surface.

• a) Bildung eines textilen Flächengebildes,
• b) Zuführen der Verstärkung aus Monofilamenten,
• c) gegebenenfalls Zuführen oder Herstellung eines weiteren textilen Flächengebildes, so daß die Monofilamente sandwich-artig von textilen Flächengebilden umgeben sind,
• d) Verfestigung der gemäß Maßnahme c) erhaltenen Trägereinlage,
• e) gegebenenfalls Imprägnieren der gemäß d) verfestigten Trägereinlage mit einem Binder, und
• f) gegebenenfalls Verfestigung des gemäß d) erhaltenen Zwischenproduktes durch erhöhte Temperatur und/oder Druck, wobei die Reihenfolge der Schritte a) und b) auch umgekehrt sein kann.

The production of the carrier insert according to the invention comprises measures known per se

• a) formation of a textile fabric,
• b) feeding the reinforcement from monofilaments,
• c) optionally supplying or producing a further textile fabric so that the monofilaments are sandwich-like surrounded by textile fabrics,
• d) solidification of the carrier insert obtained according to measure c),
• e) optionally impregnating the carrier insert solidified according to d) with a binder, and
• f) optionally solidifying the intermediate product obtained according to d) by elevated temperature and / or pressure, it being possible for the steps a) and b) to be reversed.

The process is characterized by the feeding of the monofilaments and any thermal treatment in the manufacturing process of the carrier insert under tension, in particular under longitudinal tension. A thermal treatment under tension is present if the layer is retained as monofilaments in the carrier insert during a thermal step; the preservation of the longitudinal threads by applying a longitudinal tension is of particular interest. The formation of the textile fabric can take place on a tapered monofilament or the monofilaments can during the surface formation process, for. B. in the production of nonwovens, or it can be finished a textile fabric and connected by subsequent assembly with a reinforcement in the form of monofilaments. The combination of the textile fabric with the reinforcement can be carried out by measures known per se, for example by needling or gluing, including hot melt gluing. The advantages of the process are particularly evident in the production of needled carrier inserts.

The production of a textile fabric as described can be carried out by spunbonding by means of spinning apparatus known per se.

For this purpose, the molten polymer is carried through several series of spinnerets or groups of spinneret series Polymers. If a melt-bond-strengthened spunbonded nonwoven is to be produced, polymers are alternately loaded, which form the carrier fiber and the hot-melt adhesive fibers. The spun polymer streams are stretched in a conventional manner, and z. B. deposited using a rotating baffle in scattering texture on a conveyor belt.

Likewise preferred is a nonwoven layer on the reinforcement or a subsequent layer formation from reinforcement and nonwoven fabric by assembly.

To meet special requirements such as Fire protection or extreme thermomechanical stress, the carrier inserts according to the invention can also be combined with other components to form multilayer composites. Examples of other components are glass fleeces, thermoplastic or metallic foils, insulation materials, etc.

The carrier inserts according to the invention can be used for the production of bituminized roofing and waterproofing membranes. This is also an object of the present invention. For this purpose, the carrier material is treated with bitumen in a manner known per se and then optionally sprinkled with a granular material, for example with sand. The roofing and waterproofing membranes produced in this way are easy to process. The bituminized webs contain at least one carrier web embedded in a bitumen matrix - described above - the weight fraction of the bitumen in the basis weight of the bituminized roofing web preferably being 40 to 90% by weight and that of the spunbonded fabric 10 to 60% by weight. These membranes can also be a so-called roof membrane.

Instead of bitumen, another material, for example polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, can also be used to coat the carrier insert according to the invention be used.

example 1

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 2 m width.
During the laying down, steel wires are continuously fed at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m) in the longitudinal direction. The wires (manufactured by Bekaert) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.18 mm, a strength of 2300 N / mm ² and an elongation at break of 1.5%.

The nonwoven / wire bond is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a screen drum oven at 210 ° C. This gives a reinforced fleece of 190 g / m ^{2 basis} weight.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 100 159 0.8 129 208 1.0 170 266 1.2 191 302 1.4 210 332 1.6 230 240 1.8 240 245 2nd 252 255 4th 305 305 6 337 340

Example 2

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 1 m in width.
During the laying down, steel wires (material no. 1.4301) are fed in at a distance of 6.7 mm (150 wires / m) in the longitudinal direction. The wires (manufacturer Sprint Metal) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.15 mm, a strength of 14 N and an elongation at break of 34%.

The nonwoven / wire bond is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylate binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished nonwoven is 20%. The binder is cured in a screen drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 165 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 77 117 1.0 120 163 1.6 200 244 2nd 220 266 4th 285 337 6 330 388 10th 385 453 15 440 518 20th 515 598 25th 577 664 30th 638 727

In this example it is clear that the nonwoven strength is improved not only in the area of low elongation but also in the case of high elongation.

Example 3

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 2 m width. During the laying process, wires consisting of an alloy of the CuZn37 type are continuously fed in at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m).
The wires (manufacturer JG Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 47 N and an elongation at break of 1.4%.

The composite fleece / wires is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished fleece is 20%. The binder is cured in a screen drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 192 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Elongation% fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 100 160 0.8 129 203 1.0 170 257 1.2 191 287 1.4 210 310 1.6 230 235 2nd 252 255 4th 305 300

Example 4

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 2 m width. During the laying process, wires consisting of an alloy of the CuSn6 type are continuously fed in at a distance of 1.2 cm (83 wires / m).
The wires (manufacturer JG Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 21 N and an elongation at break of 54%.

The composite fleece / wires is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished fleece is 20%. The binder is cured in a screen drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 165 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 77 120 1.0 120 162 1.6 200 244 2nd 220 264 4th 285 332 6 330 381 10th 385 442 20th 515 582 25th 577 647 30th 638 710

In this example it is clear that the nonwoven strength is improved not only in the area of low elongation but also at high elongation.

Example 5

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) threads with a filament titer of 4 dtex are produced and laid down to a tangled fleece of 2 m width.
During the laying process, wires consisting of a type CUZn37 alloy are continuously fed in at a distance of 2 cm (50 wires / m). The wires (manufacturer JG Dahmen) are supplied on spools and have a diameter of 0.25 mm, a strength of 25 N and an elongation at break of 15%.

The composite fleece / wires is needled with 40 stitches / cm ² at a penetration depth of 12.5 mm (needle type from Foster, 15x18x38x3 CB) and then impregnated with an acrylic binder, the weight proportion of which in the finished fleece is 20%. The binder is cured in a screen drum oven at 210 ° C. A reinforced fleece of 160 g / m ^{2 basis} weight is obtained in this way.

The following values were measured for the reference forces of the fleece at ambient temperature (20 ° C) with and without reinforcement: Strain % Fleece without reinforcement (N / 5 cm) Fleece with reinforcement (N / 5 cm) 0.6 77 114 1.0 120 165 1.6 200 247 2nd 220 267 4th 285 334 6 330 380 10th 385 436 15 440 493

Claims (28)

Carrier insert containing a textile fabric and a reinforcement, characterized in that the reinforcement contains monofilaments whose diameter is at least 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm. Carrier web according to claim 1, characterized in that the monofilaments have a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Carrier web according to claim 2, characterized in that the monofilaments have a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. Carrier insert according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the monofilaments absorb a force so that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C) the reference force of the carrier insert with reinforcement compared to the carrier insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation at least in one place differs by at least 10%. Carrier insert according to claim 4, characterized in that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C) the reference force of the carrier insert with reinforcement compared to the carrier insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation in at least one place by at least 20% differs. Carrier insert according to claim 5, characterized in that in the force-elongation diagram (at 20 ° C) the reference force of the carrier insert with reinforcement compared to the carrier insert without reinforcement in the range between 0 and 1% elongation in at least one place by at least 30% differs. Carrier insert according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reference force of the carrier insert at room temperature (20 ° C) divided by the reference force of the carrier insert at 180 ° C, measured at at least one point in the range between 0 and 1% elongation, results in a quotient of at most 3. Carrier web according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile fabric is a spunbond, preferably made of polyester. Carrier web according to claim 8, characterized in that the spunbonded fabric is mechanically, thermally and / or chemically consolidated. Carrier web according to claim 9, characterized in that the spunbonded fabric is mechanically consolidated by needling, the notch protrusion, preferably the sum of the notch protrusion and notch depth, of the needles being smaller than the diameter of the monofilaments. Carrier web according to claim 8, characterized in that the polyester consists of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate. Carrier web according to Claim 8, characterized in that the spunbonded fabric is a spunbonded fabric bonded with a melt binder. Carrier web according to claim 8, characterized in that the spunbonded fabric is consolidated by a chemical binder. Carrier web according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight per unit area of the textile fabric is between 20 and 500 g / m ² . Carrier web according to claim 1, characterized in that the monofilaments have a Young's modulus of at least 5 Gpa. Carrier web according to claim 1, characterized in that the monofilaments have an elongation at break of 0.5 to 100%. Carrier web according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier web has an expansion reserve of less than 1%. Carrier web according to claim 16, characterized in that the monofilaments consist of high-modulus aramids, high-strength polyester monofilaments, and monofilament wires made of metals or metallic alloys. Carrier web according to claim 8, characterized in that the spunbond made of polyester has an embossed pattern. A method for producing the carrier insert defined in claim 1, comprising the measures known per se: a) formation of a textile fabric, b) feeding the monofilaments, c) optionally feeding a further textile fabric so that the monofilaments are sandwiched by textile fabrics, d) solidification of the carrier insert obtained according to measure c), e) optionally impregnating the solidified carrier insert with a binder, f) optionally solidifying the intermediate product obtained according to d) by elevated temperature and / or pressure, the sequence of steps a) and b) also being reversed can, characterized in that the feeding of the monofilaments and each thermal treatment in the manufacturing process of the carrier insert is carried out under tension, preferably under longitudinal tension. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that the formation of the textile fabric takes place on tapered monofilaments. Method according to Claim 20, characterized in that the monofilaments are fed in during the surface formation process of the textile surface. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one finished fabric and at least one reinforcement in the form of monofilaments are assembled and connected by needles and / or gluing. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that the solidification according to measure d) by needling the notch protrusion, preferably the sum of notch protrusion and notch depth, the needles is smaller than the diameter of the monofilaments, or by gluing. Use of the carrier insert defined in claim 1 for the production of composite materials, in particular roofing and sealing sheets. Use of the carrier insert defined in claim 1 for the production of bituminized roofing and waterproofing membranes. Composites containing a carrier insert defined in claim 1. Roofing and waterproofing membrane containing a carrier insert defined in claim 1.