EP0806373B1 - Closed cardtridge with zones of lesser thickness - Google Patents
Closed cardtridge with zones of lesser thickness Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0806373B1 EP0806373B1 EP96201250A EP96201250A EP0806373B1 EP 0806373 B1 EP0806373 B1 EP 0806373B1 EP 96201250 A EP96201250 A EP 96201250A EP 96201250 A EP96201250 A EP 96201250A EP 0806373 B1 EP0806373 B1 EP 0806373B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cup
- zones
- thickness
- cartridge according
- closed cartridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
- B65D85/804—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
- B65D85/8043—Packages adapted to allow liquid to pass through the contents
- B65D85/8046—Pods, i.e. closed containers made only of filter paper or similar material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a closed cartridge, intended to be extracted under pressure, containing a substance for the preparation of a drink, including a cup with a bottom and side wall having substantially the shape of a inverted truncated cone and a circular rim in diameter upper at the bottom, and a seal welded on the periphery of the rim of the cup, the bottom of the cup having thinner zones intended to favor opening the cartridge during extraction.
- Patent EP 521,510 already relates to packaging in the form closed rigid cartridge containing a substance for the making a drink and having lesser areas thickness.
- the downside of this cartridge is that it requires, during its extraction, the presence, under the lower face presenting the zones of lesser thickness, salient elements. Providing these elements have a double disadvantage: on the one hand, this system increases the price and on the other hand, the tips become dull and it is mandatory to monitor its effectiveness in the time.
- the aim of the present invention is to develop a cartridge showing areas of weakness so to be able to be extracted without any protruding element.
- the invention relates to a closed cartridge according to the preamble of claim 1, based on EP-A-0 521 520 in which the cup is made of aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy and the thinner areas are produced by shearing and are in the form of arcs of a circle concentric with the same radius, arcs of a circle concentric of different radii, a spiral, substantially sinusoidal sections or radial segments.
- aluminum alloy in the present description a mixture comprising at least 90% aluminum and a second metallic component chosen from the group consisting of iron, silicon, manganese, magnesium, chrome, copper, zinc and others.
- the cartridge is filled with a substance for the preparation of a drink.
- This substance is from preferably roast and ground coffee, but can also be tea, instant coffee, a mixture of ground coffee and instant coffee, chocolate product or any other substance edible dehydrated.
- the cover must be flexible and slightly stretchy to facilitate perforation.
- the cover has a thickness less than that of the cup, for example included between 20 and 60 microns.
- the cup must have a certain rigidity, for example when handled by the consumer. She has therefore a thickness between 50 and 150 microns, more preferably between 70 and 100 microns.
- the cartridge contains coffee roasted and ground.
- the coffee is placed in the cartridge either as is, either packed or compacted.
- packed we mean compression under pressure of the order of a few hundreds of kilograms.
- compacted is meant a compression under pressure of the order of a few tonnes.
- the coffee in the cartridge is preferably packed.
- the second possibility to facilitate opening is to plan on leaving the area of lesser thickness bootstrap, for example by a notch with residual thickness of 40 microns, while the rest of the area is 50 microns.
- the closed cartridge according to the invention is made of an alloy cup aluminum having a thickness of the order of 85 microns and having thinner areas in the form concentric arcs of the same radius including thickness between 40 and 50 microns. If we operate with a coffee machine amounting to 12 bar, we manage to extract a cup of 120 ml in 50 seconds, without any marc passage.
- the cartridge consists a cup (1) consisting of a bottom (2), a wall lateral (3) and a rim (4), as well as a cover (5).
- the cup and the lid are made of an alloy of aluminum, the cup having a thickness of 85 microns and the 60 micron seal.
- the lid is heat sealed on the rim (4) of the cup.
- the bottom (2) of the cup has three zones (6) of less thickness under the shape of arcs of a circle. As already mentioned above, these zones are obtained by shearing using presses stamping.
- the cartridge contains ground coffee and roasted (7). During extraction, the opening of the zones (6) allows coffee extracts to pass, but guarantees also good retention of coffee grounds. Thickness residual in zones (6) is 40 microns.
- Figure 5 shows a cup bottom (13) having thinner areas (14) of substantially shaped sinusoidal.
- Figure 6 shows a cup bottom (16) having thinner areas (17) in the form of segments radial.
- Figure 7 finally shows an enlargement in section of the thinner spot obtained by shear.
- the part (15) has a residual thickness of 40 microns.
- the distance A is between 0.2 and 1 mm.
- a design cartridge is available. relatively simple, allowing to extract with a cartridge holder specific design and allowing prepare an espresso type coffee, i.e. with a pressure rise of around 10 bar.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
- Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Packaging For Recording Disks (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une cartouche fermée, prévue pour être extraite sous pression, contenant une substance pour la préparation d'une boisson, comprenant une coupelle avec un fond et une paroi latérale ayant sensiblement la forme d'un tronc de cône inversé et un rebord circulaire de diamètre supérieur au fond, et un opercule soudé sur le pourtour du rebord de la coupelle, le fond de la coupelle comportant des zones de moindre épaisseur destinées à favoriser l'ouverture de la cartouche lors de l'extraction.The invention relates to a closed cartridge, intended to be extracted under pressure, containing a substance for the preparation of a drink, including a cup with a bottom and side wall having substantially the shape of a inverted truncated cone and a circular rim in diameter upper at the bottom, and a seal welded on the periphery of the rim of the cup, the bottom of the cup having thinner zones intended to favor opening the cartridge during extraction.
Le brevet EP 521'510 concerne déjà un emballage sous forme de cartouche rigide fermée contenant une substance pour la confection d'une boisson et comportant des zones de moindre épaisseur. L'inconvénient de cette cartouche est qu'elle nécessite, lors de son extraction, la présence, sous la face inférieure présentant les zones de moindre épaisseur, d'éléments saillants. Le fait de prévoir ces éléments saillants a un double inconvénient : d'une part, ce système renchérit le prix et d'autre part, les pointes s'émoussent et il est obligatoire d'en contrôler l'efficacité dans le temps.Patent EP 521,510 already relates to packaging in the form closed rigid cartridge containing a substance for the making a drink and having lesser areas thickness. The downside of this cartridge is that it requires, during its extraction, the presence, under the lower face presenting the zones of lesser thickness, salient elements. Providing these elements have a double disadvantage: on the one hand, this system increases the price and on the other hand, the tips become dull and it is mandatory to monitor its effectiveness in the time.
Le but de la présente invention est de mettre au point une cartouche présentant des zones d'affaiblissement de manière à pouvoir être extraite sans aucun élément saillant.The aim of the present invention is to develop a cartridge showing areas of weakness so to be able to be extracted without any protruding element.
L'invention concerne une cartouche fermée selon le
préambule de la revendication 1, basé sur EP-A-0 521 520 dans laquelle la coupelle
est en aluminium ou un alliage à base d'aluminium et les
zones de moindre épaisseur sont produites par cisaillement
et se présentent sous la forme d'arcs de cercle
concentriques de même rayon, d'arcs de cercle
concentriques de rayons différents, d'une spirale, de
tronçons sensiblement sinusoïdaux ou de segments radiaux. The invention relates to a closed cartridge according to the
preamble of
Par alliage d'aluminium, on entend dans la présente description un mélange comprenant au moins 90 % d'aluminium et un second composant métallique choisi dans le groupe constitué par le fer, silicium, manganèse, magnésium, chrome, cuivre, zinc et autres.By aluminum alloy is meant in the present description a mixture comprising at least 90% aluminum and a second metallic component chosen from the group consisting of iron, silicon, manganese, magnesium, chrome, copper, zinc and others.
La cartouche est remplie d'une substance pour la préparation d'une boisson. Cette substance est de préférence du café torréfié et moulu, mais peut être aussi du thé, du café soluble, un mélange de café moulu et de café soluble, un produit chocolaté ou toute autre substance comestible déshydratée.The cartridge is filled with a substance for the preparation of a drink. This substance is from preferably roast and ground coffee, but can also be tea, instant coffee, a mixture of ground coffee and instant coffee, chocolate product or any other substance edible dehydrated.
L'intérêt de disposer d'une telle cartouche est qu'on la place dans son porte-cartouche, pourvue d'un support présentant des ouvertures pour permettre l'écoulement du café, et lors de l'extraction le simple fait d'avoir une montée en pression dans la cartouche permet l'ouverture dans les zones de moindre épaisseur. Il est bien entendu que ces zones de moindre épaisseur doivent avoir une géométrie spécifique et, pour le matériau considéré, doivent avoir l'épaisseur résiduelle adéquate. On a constaté lors d'essais qu'on arrivait à une bonne extraction avec des zones de moindre épaisseur ayant une épaisseur sensiblement moitié de celle de départ. Il n'est pas du tout utile d'avoir un filtre à l'intérieur de la cartouche, car l'ouverture le long de lignes d'affaiblissement est telle qu'elle garantit cette fonctionalité. Il y a une retenue du marc de café par une ouverture contrôlée de la cartouche.The advantage of having such a cartridge is that it place in its cartridge holder, provided with a support having openings to allow the flow of coffee, and when extracting the simple fact of having a pressure build-up in the cartridge allows opening in thinner areas. It is understood that these thinner areas should have a specific geometry and, for the material considered, must have adequate residual thickness. We have found in tests that we arrived at a good extraction with thinner zones having a thickness substantially half of that of departure. It is not not at all useful to have a filter inside the cartridge because opening along lines weakening is such that it guarantees this functionality. There is a retention of the coffee grounds by a controlled opening of the cartridge.
Il est important que les zones d'affaiblissement soient créés par cisaillement et non par poinçonnage. It is important that the weak areas are created by shearing and not by punching.
L'opercule doit être souple et légèrement extensible pour faciliter la perforation. L'opercule a une épaisseur moindre que celle de la coupelle, par exemple comprise entre 20 et 60 microns.The cover must be flexible and slightly stretchy to facilitate perforation. The cover has a thickness less than that of the cup, for example included between 20 and 60 microns.
La coupelle doit présenter une certaine rigidité, par exemple lors de sa manipulation par le consommateur. Elle a donc une épaisseur comprise entre 50 et 150 microns, plus préférablement entre 70 et 100 microns.The cup must have a certain rigidity, for example when handled by the consumer. She has therefore a thickness between 50 and 150 microns, more preferably between 70 and 100 microns.
Il est bien entendu qu'il faut prévoir un porte-cartouche sur le fond duquel repose la face pourvue des zones de moindre épaisseur : ce support est obligatoire pour contrôler l'ouverture de manière à ce que la fonction de filtre soit bien remplie lors de l'ouverture de ladite cartouche.It is understood that it is necessary to provide a cartridge holder on the bottom of which rests the face provided with zones of lesser thickness: this support is compulsory for control the opening so that the function of filter is full when opening said cartridge.
De manière préférentielle, la cartouche contient du café rôti et moulu. Le café est disposé dans la cartouche soit tel quel, soit tassé, soit compacté. Par tassé, on entend une compression sous une pression de l'ordre de quelques centaines de kilogrammes. Par compacté, on entend une compression sous une pression de l'ordre de quelques tonnes. Le café de la cartouche est de préférence tassé.Preferably, the cartridge contains coffee roasted and ground. The coffee is placed in the cartridge either as is, either packed or compacted. By packed, we mean compression under pressure of the order of a few hundreds of kilograms. By compacted is meant a compression under pressure of the order of a few tonnes. The coffee in the cartridge is preferably packed.
Pour faciliter l'ouverture de la cartouche, on peut prévoir des zones de moindre épaisseur ayant des épaisseurs variables le long desdites zones : par exemple, on peut prévoir une épaisseur résiduelle de 40 microns qui varie jusqu'à 60 microns. L'ouverture se fera d'abord sur la zone de 40 microns et continuera le long de la ligne vers l'épaisseur plus élevée. Ceci permet également une autorégulation de la pression d'extraction.To facilitate the opening of the cartridge, one can provide thinner areas with thicknesses variables along said areas: for example, we can provide a residual thickness of 40 microns which varies up to 60 microns. The opening will be done first on the area 40 microns and will continue along the line towards the higher thickness. This also allows self-regulation of the extraction pressure.
La seconde possibilité pour faciliter l'ouverture est de prévoir sur le départ de la zone de moindre épaisseur une amorce de démarrage, par exemple par une entaille avec épaisseur résiduelle de 40 microns, alors que le reste de la zone est à 50 microns.The second possibility to facilitate opening is to plan on leaving the area of lesser thickness bootstrap, for example by a notch with residual thickness of 40 microns, while the rest of the area is 50 microns.
Dans une forme de réalisation concrète, la cartouche fermée selon l'invention est faite d'une coupelle en un alliage d'aluminium ayant une épaisseur de l'ordre de 85 microns et présentant des zones de moindre épaisseur sous la forme d'arcs concentriques de même rayon d'épaisseur comprise entre 40 et 50 microns. Si on opère avec une machine à café montant à 12 bar, on arrive à extraire une tasse de 120 ml en 50 secondes, sans aucun passage de marc.In a concrete embodiment, the closed cartridge according to the invention is made of an alloy cup aluminum having a thickness of the order of 85 microns and having thinner areas in the form concentric arcs of the same radius including thickness between 40 and 50 microns. If we operate with a coffee machine amounting to 12 bar, we manage to extract a cup of 120 ml in 50 seconds, without any marc passage.
La suite de la description est faite en référence aux
dessins, sur lesquels
En référence aux figures 1 et 2, la cartouche se compose d'une coupelle (1) constituée d'un fond (2), d'une paroi latérale (3) et d'un rebord (4), ainsi que d'un opercule (5). La coupelle et l'opercule sont en un alliage d'aluminium, la coupelle ayant une épaisseur de 85 microns et l'opercule de 60 microns. L'opercule est thermoscellé sur le rebord (4) de la coupelle. Le fond (2) de la coupelle présente trois zones (6) de moindre épaisseur sous la forme d'arcs de cercle. Comme déjà mentionné ci-dessus, ces zones sont obtenus par cisaillement à l'aide de presses d'emboutissage. La cartouche contient du café moulu et torréfié (7). Lors de l'extraction, l'ouverture des zones (6) permet aux extraits de café de passer, mais garantit également une bonne retenue du marc de café. L'épaisseur résiduelle dans les zones (6) est de 40 microns.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the cartridge consists a cup (1) consisting of a bottom (2), a wall lateral (3) and a rim (4), as well as a cover (5). The cup and the lid are made of an alloy of aluminum, the cup having a thickness of 85 microns and the 60 micron seal. The lid is heat sealed on the rim (4) of the cup. The bottom (2) of the cup has three zones (6) of less thickness under the shape of arcs of a circle. As already mentioned above, these zones are obtained by shearing using presses stamping. The cartridge contains ground coffee and roasted (7). During extraction, the opening of the zones (6) allows coffee extracts to pass, but guarantees also good retention of coffee grounds. Thickness residual in zones (6) is 40 microns.
Comme présenté sur la figure 3, on peut également prévoir des zones de moindre épaisseur sur des arcs de cercle disposés à des distances différentes du centre du fond (8) de la coupelle. On a ainsi des zones (9) et des zones (10). L'intérêt de cette disposition réside dans le fait que lors de l'extraction, c'est d'abord les zones plus proches du centre, à savoir (10) qui vont s'ouvrir.As shown in Figure 3, we can also provide thinner areas on circular arcs arranged at different distances from the center of the bottom (8) from the cup. There are thus zones (9) and zones (10). The advantage of this provision lies in the fact that during of the extraction, it is first of all the areas closest to the center, namely (10) which will open.
Dans le cas de la figure 4, on a un fond (11) présentant une zone (12) en forme de spirale.In the case of Figure 4, there is a bottom (11) having a spiral-shaped zone (12).
La figure 5 présente un fond (13) de coupelle ayant des zones de moindre épaisseur (14) de forme sensiblement sinusoïdale.Figure 5 shows a cup bottom (13) having thinner areas (14) of substantially shaped sinusoidal.
La figure 6 présente un fond (16) de coupelle ayant des zones de moindre épaisseur (17) sous la forme de segments radiaux.Figure 6 shows a cup bottom (16) having thinner areas (17) in the form of segments radial.
La figure 7 représente finalement un agrandissement en coupe de l'endroit de moindre épaisseur obtenu par cisaillement. Comme déjà mentionné ci-dessus, la partie (15) a une épaisseur résiduelle de 40 microns. La distance A est comprise entre 0,2 et 1 mm.Figure 7 finally shows an enlargement in section of the thinner spot obtained by shear. As already mentioned above, the part (15) has a residual thickness of 40 microns. The distance A is between 0.2 and 1 mm.
On dispose selon l'invention d'une cartouche de conception relativement simple, permettant d'extraire avec un porte-cartouche de conception spécifique et permettant de préparer un café de type espresso, c'est-à-dire avec une montée en pression de l'ordre de 10 bar.According to the invention, a design cartridge is available. relatively simple, allowing to extract with a cartridge holder specific design and allowing prepare an espresso type coffee, i.e. with a pressure rise of around 10 bar.
Claims (7)
- Closed cartridge, designed to be extracted under pressure, containing a substance for the preparation of a beverage, comprising a cup with a bottom and a lateral wall having substantially the shape of an inverted truncated cone and a circular rim with a larger diameter at the bottom, and a seal welded onto the periphery of the rim of the cup, the bottom of the cup having zones of lesser thickness designed to encourage the opening of cartridge at the time of extraction, the cup being made of aluminium or of an aluminium-based alloy, characterized in that the zones of lesser thickness are produced by shearing and are in the form of concentric arcs of a circle of the same radius, of concentric arcs of a circle of different radii, of a spiral or of substantially sinusoidal sections or of radial segments.
- Closed cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the zones of lesser thickness have a thickness substantially half the starting thickness.
- Closed cartridge according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cup has a thickness of between 50 and 150 microns.
- Closed cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the seal has a thickness less than that of the cup.
- Closed cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the substance for the preparation of a beverage is heaped or compacted roasted ground coffee.
- Closed cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the zones of lesser thickness have variable thicknesses along the said zones.
- Closed cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cup has a thickness of the order of 85 microns and has zones of lesser thickness in the form of concentric arcs of the same radius between 40 and 50 microns thick.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69615001T DE69615001T2 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Closed cartridge with zones of reduced thickness |
PT96201250T PT806373E (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | CLOSED CARTRIDGE WITH LESS THICKNESS AREAS |
EP96201250A EP0806373B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Closed cardtridge with zones of lesser thickness |
SI9630350T SI0806373T1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Closed cardtridge with zones of lesser thickness |
AT96201250T ATE205158T1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | CLOSED CARTRIDGE WITH ZONES OF REDUCED THICKNESS |
ES96201250T ES2161964T3 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | CLOSED CARTRIDGE WITH LOWER THICKNESS AREAS. |
US08/820,875 US5948455A (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-03-20 | Cartridge having sheared thinned areas for promoting opening for beverage extraction |
JP9119137A JPH1043055A (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-09 | Closed cartridge having thin areas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96201250A EP0806373B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Closed cardtridge with zones of lesser thickness |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0806373A1 EP0806373A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
EP0806373B1 true EP0806373B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
Family
ID=8223955
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96201250A Expired - Lifetime EP0806373B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Closed cardtridge with zones of lesser thickness |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5948455A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0806373B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH1043055A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE205158T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69615001T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2161964T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT806373E (en) |
SI (1) | SI0806373T1 (en) |
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- 1996-05-10 SI SI9630350T patent/SI0806373T1/en unknown
- 1996-05-10 PT PT96201250T patent/PT806373E/en unknown
- 1996-05-10 AT AT96201250T patent/ATE205158T1/en active
- 1996-05-10 EP EP96201250A patent/EP0806373B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US9226611B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2016-01-05 | Nestec S.A. | Capsule system, device and method for preparing a food liquid contained in a receptacle by centrifugation |
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US9271598B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2016-03-01 | Nestec S.A. | Method for preparing a food liquid contained in a capsule by centrifugation and device adapted for such method |
US9968111B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2018-05-15 | Nestec S.A. | Capsule and method for preparing a food liquid by centrifugation |
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US9743799B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2017-08-29 | Nestec S.A. | Method for preparing a beverage or liquid food and system using brewing centrifugal force |
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US8431175B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2013-04-30 | Nestec S.A. | Method for preparing a beverage or food liquid and system using brewing centrifugal force |
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US9434532B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2016-09-06 | Nestec S.A. | Capsule for preparing a beverage or food liquid and system using brewing centrifugal force |
US9162815B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2015-10-20 | Nestec S.A. | Capsule for the preparation of a coffee extract having a structure facilitating perforation for injection of water |
US8658232B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2014-02-25 | Nestec S.A. | Capsule system for the preparation of beverages by centrifugation |
WO2015002561A1 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Novadelta - Comércio E Indústria De Cafés S.A. | Portion package and a system for preparation of beverages using said cartridges and a process using it |
WO2015005814A1 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | Novadelta - Comércio E Indústria De Cafés S.A. | Portion package, beverage preparation system comprising various types of portion packages |
WO2019174702A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | Georg Menshen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Single serve capsule having weak points and thinned points in the capsule base |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE205158T1 (en) | 2001-09-15 |
DE69615001T2 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
EP0806373A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
US5948455A (en) | 1999-09-07 |
JPH1043055A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
DE69615001D1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
ES2161964T3 (en) | 2001-12-16 |
PT806373E (en) | 2002-02-28 |
SI0806373T1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
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