EP0805724B1 - Bearbeitung von formgedächtnismetallen - Google Patents

Bearbeitung von formgedächtnismetallen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0805724B1
EP0805724B1 EP95941296A EP95941296A EP0805724B1 EP 0805724 B1 EP0805724 B1 EP 0805724B1 EP 95941296 A EP95941296 A EP 95941296A EP 95941296 A EP95941296 A EP 95941296A EP 0805724 B1 EP0805724 B1 EP 0805724B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blank
memory metal
core
tube
extrusion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95941296A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0805724A2 (de
Inventor
Tomas Thorvaldsson
Johan Frodigh
Ola Forssell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik AB filed Critical Sandvik AB
Publication of EP0805724A2 publication Critical patent/EP0805724A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0805724B1 publication Critical patent/EP0805724B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/085—Making tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/002—Encapsulated billet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/004—Composite billet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the extrusion of tubes of a memory metal, in particular a memory metal of the type NiTi, and a tube produced according to this process.
  • So called memory metals relate to a group of materials which are characterized by their deviating thermo-mechanical properties. To these belong inter alia NiTi-based alloys and copper alloys of so called ⁇ -brass.
  • the compositions, properties and applications of the memory metals are known by a number of publications in this area (see, e.g., Walter S. Owen: Shape memory effects and applications, an overview. Shape memory effects in alloys, edited by Jeff Perkins, 1975, Plenum Press New York; Process of Int. Symposium on shape memory effects and applications, Toronto, Canada, 19. - 22.5.1975).
  • the memory metals are characterized in that their phase transformation (transition from a martensitic to an austenitic state and vice versa) takes place within a very limited temperature range in the order of magnitude 30°C.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a process that makes possible an extrusion of memory metal in general and of NiTi-based memory metal in particular.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an extruded tube of memory metal in general and of NiTi-based memory metals in particular.
  • the used memory metal according to the exemplified embodiment consists of a NiTi-based alloy with an addition of niobium.
  • the amounts can suitably vary from 35 to 60 % by weight Ni, 35 to 60 % b.w. Ti and 1 to 30 % b.w. Nb, preferably from 40 to 60 % b.w. of Ni and Ti, respectively and 1 to 20 % b.w. of Nb.
  • the concentrations of both Ni and Ti were 45 ⁇ 2 % b.w. and Nb was 10 ⁇ 4 % b.w., plus naturally occurring impurities.
  • step a a solid bar 1 of memory metal, see step a).
  • step d a hole 2 is drilled in a conventional manner, which hole thus should be centered around the central axis of the bar, in accordance with step d) .
  • a turning operation should be effected in order to attain sufficiently good surface smoothness and cylindricity. This is suitable in order to later attain a good fit in the cap 5; cf. underneath. In this case, the turning should be performed after the central drilling.
  • the pre-prepared blank 3 is capped in, primarily for the exclusion of the oxygen of the air; see step b) .
  • a core 4 of suitable fit and of the same length as the blank 3 is suitably introduced into the hole 2 according to step e).
  • a suitable release agent such as talcum or a talcum-containing mixture.
  • a sleeve or cap 5 of equally good fit is threaded over the envelope surface of the blank 3, which cap has the same length as the blank 3.
  • two gable pieces 6 and 7 are welded to and around the end surfaces of the casing 5.
  • the front gable 7, as seen in the direction of extrusion, is suitably rounded off around the edge, which is beneficial for the extrusion.
  • the materials used for the core 4, the casing 5 and the gables 6, 7, respectively, can of course vary within broad limits, but at the tests the following alloys were used, % by weight being meant: Steel C Si Mn Cr Ni Casing+gables SS2172 0,20 0,30 1,5 ⁇ 0,3 - Core 15M13N2 0,75 - 13 - 2
  • the ready blank or block 8 consisting of the blank 3, the core 4, the casing 5 and the gables 6, 7, were heated to about 1040°C and lubricated with glass on the outside.
  • the extrusion temperature may vary, to a large extent depending upon the memory metal alloy, and may suitably lie between 900 and 1150°C, preferably between 1000 and 1050°C.
  • the thus pre-prepared extrusion block was extruded according to step c) .
  • the dimension of the ready tube may vary within wide limits, depending upon the dimensions of the blank, the casing, the core and to which dimension one extrudes. For instance, if a thick-walled casing is used, then a ready-extruded tube of a smaller diameter is obtained. Further, a thicker core gives a more thin-walled tube. If one extrudes to a small diameter, of course a longer tube is obtained than if one extrudes to a large diameter.
  • a typical extension factor before and after extrusion is from 7 to 18 times, preferably from 10 to 15 times.
  • the casing 5' is removed, which can be effected in different ways.
  • the surface of the tube 3' has to be turned clean to become sufficiently smooth, which involves that the casing 5' can be turned away in the same working operation.
  • the casing can also be pickled away in a suitable pickling bath.
  • the core 4' may also be removed in different ways.
  • the core When producing long tubes, for instance up to 10 m, the core is removed by extending it by between 10 and 30 %, preferably by about 20 %. Then the diameter of the core diminishes uniformly along its whole length and may then easily be removed, whereby a ready tube 3' remains , see step h) .
  • a piece of the tube In order to extend the core, a piece of the tube has to be turned away at each end, in order to grip the part of the core that protrudes by said turning, in a traction machine. At shorter tube pieces, the core may be drilled out instead of being extended.
  • a memory metal accoding to the above composition is prepared to a ready extrusion block according to steps a-d-e , the block having the following dimensions: Blank diameter 71 mm Blank diameter including casing 77 mm Core (in "Hadfield steel") 31 mm Length of blank and casing 350 mm
  • the block was extruded at 1040°C at a pressing force of 868 Mpa (8850 kp/cm 2 ) and with a pressing speed of 135 mm/s. Thereby, an extruded block with casing with a diameter of 19,1 mm was obtained, the ready tube having a diameter of 17,2 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the ready tube was about 4,6 mm and its length was about 4500 mm.
  • the dimension ranges that are possible depend of course on the magnitude of the extrusion press that is used.
  • a press with a maximal pressing force of about 1300 Mpa (13 300 kp/cm 2 ) is used, and a maximal starting diameter of 77 mm.
  • the blank including the casing shall have a diameter that does not exceed 77 mm.
  • the dimension range of the ready tube is from 10 to 47 mm.
  • Said minimum diameter implies a tube length of about 20,6 m, while said maximum diameter results in a tube length of about 0,94 m, all under the above mentioned test parameters.
  • Shorter and longer blanks than the above mentioned ones are of course also feasible, for instance down to 200 mm and up to 400 mm.
  • the wall thickness can be varied by optional dimensioning of the core and may suitably lie between 2 and 15 mm.
  • niobium particles The function of the niobium particles is to increase the temperature at which the memory metal automatically reestablishes its original shape, since said particles counteract the reestablishment of the original shape of the metal.
  • a comparative test was also made with an identical blank, which however had not been encased but had only been provided with a core 4. An entirely inferior product was obtained, with a number of cracks. This is supposed to depend on the strong oxidation that is caused by the free access of air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Weting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formgedächtnismetallelementes, in dem man
    a) von einem Rohling eines Formgedächtnismetalls ausgeht,
    b) den Rohling mit einem Gehäuse und vorzugsweise auch mit zwei Endstücken umgibt und der Rohling von der umgebenden Atmosphäre eingeschlossen wird,
    c) den eingeschlossenen Rohling erhitzt und extrudiert,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man
    d) vor der Stufe b) ein mittiges Loch in den Rohling bohrt,
    e) nach der Stufe a) und vor der Stufe b) einen Kern in das mittige Loch einführt,
    f) nach dem Extrudieren die Enden des extrudierten Rohlings entfernt,
    g) auch den Kern und das umgebende Gehäuse entfernt und
    h) eine Röhre erhält, die nur aus Formgedächtnismetall besteht.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsrohling zylindrisch ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Formgedächtnismetall auf NiTi-Basis beruht.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Formgedächtnismetall 35 bis 60 Gew.% Nickel, 35 bis 60 Gew.% Titan und 1 bis 30 Gew.% Niob umfaßt.
  5. Formgedächtnismetallelement auf NiTi-Basis, hergestellt nach dem Verfahren des Beispiels 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es nur aus Formgedächtnismetall besteht und Röhrenform hat.
  6. Element nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 35 bis 60 Gew.% Nickel, 35 bis 60 Gew.% Titan und 1 bis 30 Gew.% Niob enthält.
  7. Element nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchschnittlänge der Niobteilchen <15 µm beträgt.
  8. Element nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine Länge ½ m überschreitet.
EP95941296A 1994-12-07 1995-12-05 Bearbeitung von formgedächtnismetallen Expired - Lifetime EP0805724B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9404243 1994-12-07
SE9404243A SE505247C2 (sv) 1994-12-07 1994-12-07 Förfarande för tillverkning av rör av minnesmetall
PCT/SE1995/001463 WO1996017698A1 (en) 1994-12-07 1995-12-05 Machining of a memory metal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0805724A2 EP0805724A2 (de) 1997-11-12
EP0805724B1 true EP0805724B1 (de) 2002-02-27

Family

ID=20396247

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95941296A Expired - Lifetime EP0805724B1 (de) 1994-12-07 1995-12-05 Bearbeitung von formgedächtnismetallen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0805724B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH10505007A (de)
AT (1) ATE213671T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2206310A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69525658T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2173211T3 (de)
FI (1) FI112609B (de)
SE (1) SE505247C2 (de)
WO (1) WO1996017698A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6453536B1 (en) 1997-10-31 2002-09-24 G. Rau Gmbh & Co. Method for producing hollow nickel titanium profiles
JP3557092B2 (ja) * 1998-04-16 2004-08-25 古河電気工業株式会社 ＮｉＴｉ合金パイプの製造方法
CN100337764C (zh) * 2005-04-27 2007-09-19 中国科学院金属研究所 一种NiTi合金管坯高速率热挤压方法
JP5123740B2 (ja) * 2008-05-26 2013-01-23 新日鐵住金株式会社 無遊間接続用のレール継目板の製造方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1014063B (de) * 1952-10-01 1957-08-22 Comptoir Ind Etirage Warmpressverfahren zur Herstellung mehrschichtiger Metallstaebe oder -rohre
SE441336B (sv) * 1978-10-26 1985-09-30 Nyby Uddeholm Ab Kapsel for cylindriska pressemnen for extrudering

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE505247C2 (sv) 1997-07-21
EP0805724A2 (de) 1997-11-12
FI112609B (fi) 2003-12-31
DE69525658D1 (de) 2002-04-04
WO1996017698A1 (en) 1996-06-13
SE9404243D0 (sv) 1994-12-07
ES2173211T3 (es) 2002-10-16
CA2206310A1 (en) 1996-06-13
FI972393A (fi) 1997-06-05
JPH10505007A (ja) 1998-05-19
FI972393A0 (fi) 1997-06-05
ATE213671T1 (de) 2002-03-15
SE9404243L (sv) 1996-06-08
DE69525658T2 (de) 2002-11-28

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