EP0804098B1 - Filtre pour fumee de tabac - Google Patents

Filtre pour fumee de tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0804098B1
EP0804098B1 EP95931495A EP95931495A EP0804098B1 EP 0804098 B1 EP0804098 B1 EP 0804098B1 EP 95931495 A EP95931495 A EP 95931495A EP 95931495 A EP95931495 A EP 95931495A EP 0804098 B1 EP0804098 B1 EP 0804098B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
zeolite
zeolites
filter according
smoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP95931495A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0804098A1 (fr
Inventor
Curt Enzell
Margareta Curvall
Erik Gunnar Andersson
Lars FÄLTH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swedish Match Sverige AB
Original Assignee
Swedish Match Sverige AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Swedish Match Sverige AB filed Critical Swedish Match Sverige AB
Publication of EP0804098A1 publication Critical patent/EP0804098A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0804098B1 publication Critical patent/EP0804098B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/166—Silicic acid or silicates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tobacco smoke filter and primarily to filters of this kind that include zeolite as a filter material.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a tobacco smoke filter that includes certain specific types of zeolite as a filter material.
  • Fibrous cellulose-based material such as crêpe paper, different forms of regenerated cellulose and, above all, cellulose acetate fibres are examples of those filter materials most used at present.
  • the prime purpose of such fibrous filter materials is to remove part of the aerosol particles, "tar", from the smoke.
  • Cigarette filters may also include different additives whose purpose is to capture gaseous smoke components. The most common of these additives is activated carbon, in different forms.
  • cigarette filters which include a combination of activated carbon and cellulose filter material, one such known filter being marketed under the registered trademark CURZEL®.
  • US-A-2,839,065 solely describes the removal of aerosol particles from tobacco smoke and gives no indication that gaseous components can also be removed.
  • GB-A-2,122,473 also describes the use of zeolite in cigarette filters.
  • the zeolite is merely intended to provide a carrier for smoke-modifying agents, and then particularly menthol.
  • Nothing is disclosed with regard to the filtering properties of the zeolite itself.
  • JP 63248380 and JP 02308784 also describe the use of zeolite in tobacco smoke filters. No clear description of the properties of the zeolites is given.
  • the present invention proposes the use of so-called hydrophobic zeolites, which have quite different adsorption properties. This is explained in more detail below.
  • the present invention it has now been found that it is possible to produce tobacco smoke filters, and then particularly cigarette filters, which have filter properties that, in certain respects, are superior to the filter properties of the best of the known filters that include conventional filter materials.
  • the invention is based on the development of zeolites that have specific properties and on the selection of such zeolites on the basis of their ability to eliminate undesirable compounds from tobacco smoke. These zeolites have been found to provide a surprisingly good filter effect.
  • a tobacco smoke filter which is characterized in that the filter material includes at least one hydrophobic zeolite.
  • the zeolites used are preferably of the faujasite type and are here designated ST 100, ST 101, ST 102, ST 103 and ST 104. Of these zeolites, ST 103 and ST 104 are particularly preferred because of their very specific selectivity and therewith their superior filter properties. More specific characteristic data relating to these zeolites will be given in the following.
  • the zeolites used in accordance with the invention will suitably have a pore size of 0.5-1 nm (5-10 ⁇ ), particularly 0.6-0.8 nm (6-8 ⁇ ).
  • the zeolites will preferably have a particlesize of 0.2-1 mm, particularly about 0.5 mm.
  • zeolites constitute crystalline, hydrated metal-aluminium silicates with the simplest chemical formula NaAlSiO 4 .H 2 O.
  • the AlSiO 4 part builds up an infinite three-dimensional network, where the aluminium atoms and silicon atoms (the central atoms) are coordinated tetrahedrally by oxygen atoms. Each oxygen atom is bound to two central atoms, wherein all such atoms are coupled in space.
  • This part of the zeolite structure is normally referred to as the skeleton and forms an infinite anionic space network. The chemical bonds in this network are covalent and relatively strong.
  • Positive ions are always present in the same numbers as there are aluminium atoms in the space network, these positive ions functioning as electric charge equalizers. These positive ions, in turn, surround themselves with water molecules which fill up the remaining cavities in the space network, to a greater or lesser extent.
  • the cavity molecules are bound relatively weakly to the space network and can be expelled from the zeolite in different ways, without influencing the network. For instance, the water molecules can be removed by heating. It is normally said that the zeolite is activated.
  • the adsorption ability of the zeolite also differs considerably with regard to the organic substances.
  • the properties that control this adsorption ability are dependent on the properties of the organic molecules and also on the properties of the hydrophobic zeolite chosen.
  • the decisive factors with regard to the zeolite are primarily its polarity and the dimensions of the pore system. It is possible to choose different zeolites having different pore systems and different degrees of hydrophobization in achieving desired adsorption in a molecule mixture that consists of many different types of molecules having different physical properties, such as size, shape, polarity and chemical composition.
  • the present invention is based on investigations concerning the following types of zeolites: Internal Designation Zeolite type Standard Ratio SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 a 0 (nm) Pore volume ml/g Bulk density g/ml ST 100 FAU 5.6 2.451 0.22 0.65 ST 101 FAU 5.7 2.453 0.25 0.54 ST 102 FAU 6.0 2.436 0.23 0.62 ST 103 FAU 14 2.427 0.24 0.55 ST 104 FAU 440 2.425 0.28 0.49
  • a completely dealuminated zeolite will have the following parameters:
  • zeolites tested are of synthetic origin, and the series ST 100 to ST 104 are of the faujasite-Y-type. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not restricted solely to the use of faujasite-type zeolites, and that these zeolites are given merely by way of example. Generally speaking, any zeolite that has hydrophobic properties can be used in the inventive filter.
  • zeolites in which the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio is greater than 5.5. It has been found that increasing values of the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio increase the hydrophobicity and reduce the water affinity. The cell constant decreases, as does also the polarity. This means that the usefulness of the zeolites as tobacco smoke filter material increases with increasing values of said ratio.
  • the pore diameter will suitably lie in the range of from 0.5 to 1 nm (5 to 10 ⁇ ), and preferably from 0.6-0.8 nm (6-8 ⁇ ).
  • the zeolite materials are prepared for use in the inventive filter, by agglomerating said materials to a granular form, with the aid of a suitable binder.
  • a suitable binder There is preferably used about 25 parts by weight binder to 100 parts by weight zeolite material and the grains produced will have a diameter of 0.2-1 mm, preferably about 0.5 mm, as previously mentioned.
  • the inventive filter may include one or more of the aforesaid zeolites as a the sole gas phase adsorbent. However, a better filter effect can be achieved when the zeolites are used together with other, known filter materials.
  • the zeolites can be combined with other gas-phase active filter materials in different ways.
  • the different materials may be simply mixed together and the mixture applied to a filter space comprised of two sections of particle-filter with an intermediate chamber at the mouth end of a cigarette.
  • the filter may be divided into several compartments which may contain different filter materials or different mixtures of filter materials.
  • the concentrations of a series of different gas-phase components were determined quantitatively by means of high-resolution gas chromatography in a conventional manner.
  • the percentile reduction in the concentration of gas-phase components in the smoke produced from a test filter cigarette in relation to the concentration of these components in smoke produced from a reference cigarette was calculated.
  • the reductions in concentration can be given for each chemical group per se or as a mean value for all groups.
  • the cytotoxity was determined in a known way, by measuring the ability of the gas phase to inhibit the colony forming ability of V79 cells from the lungs of Chinese hamsters (Jenssen, D. in G.J. Kilbey, M. Legator, W. Nichols and C.Ramel (Eds): Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam (1984), pp. 269-290). The results are given as an IC-50% value, i.e. the number of "puffs" on a cigarette which inhibits colony formation by 50%.
  • the filter properties of the zeolite types ST 103 and ST 104 were compared with the filter properties of the known filter CURZEL® in a further test, this known filter comprising a combination of cellulose acetate fibres and activated carbon.
  • the cigarettes used in the test contained tobacco of the American blend type and the filters used were double filters containing 8 mm acetate and 12 mm acetate+zeolite (40 mg). All filters were ventilated to 51%.
  • the reference cigarette included a filter containing only cellulose acetate fibres.
  • the smoking article and the filters have a construction typical in the tobacco industry.
  • the tobacco material used and the casing material for the tobacco strand and the filter do not differ from those used conventionally hitherto.
  • the filters may also be ventilated, so as to dilute the smoke with secondary air. Ventilation will often result in a further decrease in the concentrations of undesirable smoke components.
  • the degree of ventilation may be up to 80%, determined in a manner conventional in the tobacco industry. Ventilation can be achieved in any one of several different ways known in the art, for instance by perforating the filter casing.
  • the invention thus enables the manufacture of a tobacco smoke filter whose filter properties are superior to those filters that have hitherto been considered the best filters to be had commercially. It has also been possible to control the aroma and biological qualities by using different types of zeolites. These control possibilities become still more extensive when using zeolite together with other filter materials, and then particularly carbon, as the differences in adsorption properties between the different materials can then be used in different filter material combinations. Neither has the improved filter effect resulted in undesirable losses or in an impairment of the aroma and flavour of the smoking article when smoked.
  • inventive filter has been described in the aforegoing primarily with reference to cigarettes.
  • the person skilled in this art will understand that the invention is not limited to this combination.
  • an inventive filter can be inserted into a holder for cigarettes, cigar-cigarettes or cigars, or into the stem of a tobacco pipe, therewith obtaining selective and favourable filter effects in all instances.
  • Other variants and modifications of the invention are also possible without departing from the inventive concept as defined in the following Claims.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Filtre pour fumée de tabac, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, comme matériau filtrant, au moins une zéolithe qui présente des propriétés hydrophobes, ce qui signifie que la zéolithe présente une faible affinité pour l'eau.
  2. Filtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la ou les zéolithe(s) présente(nt) un rapport molaire SiO2/Al2O3 qui est supérieur à 5,5.
  3. Filtre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une zéolithe d'au moins l'un des types ST 100, ST 101, ST 102, ST 103 et ST 104.
  4. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la ou les zéolithe(s) présente(nt) une taille de pores de 0,5 à 1 nm (5 à 10 Å), de préférence de 0,6 à 0,8 nm (6 à 8 Å).
  5. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lion utilise la ou les zéolithe(s) sous la forme de grains agglomérés présentant une taille de particules de 0,2 à 1 mm, de préférence d'environ 0,5 mm.
  6. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend aussi un ou plusieurs autres matériaux de filtre connus.
  7. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est divisé en plusieurs compartiments à travers lesquels on fait passer successivement la fumée, dans lequel au moins l'un des compartiments comprend au moins une zéolithe.
  8. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est installé sur une cigarette.
  9. Filtre selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le filtre est aéré.
  10. Filtre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé de manière à s'adapter à un porte-cigarette, un porte-cigare/cigarette ou un porte-cigare, ou dans le tuyau d'une pipe à tabac.
EP95931495A 1994-09-09 1995-09-07 Filtre pour fumee de tabac Revoked EP0804098B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9403014 1994-09-09
SE9403014A SE9403014D0 (sv) 1994-09-09 1994-09-09 Filter för tobaksrök
PCT/SE1995/001004 WO1996007335A1 (fr) 1994-09-09 1995-09-07 Filtre pour fumee de tabac

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804098A1 EP0804098A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
EP0804098B1 true EP0804098B1 (fr) 2000-07-26

Family

ID=20395183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95931495A Revoked EP0804098B1 (fr) 1994-09-09 1995-09-07 Filtre pour fumee de tabac

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0804098B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10507630A (fr)
KR (1) KR970705348A (fr)
AT (1) ATE194902T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3489095A (fr)
DK (1) DK0804098T3 (fr)
SE (1) SE9403014D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996007335A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1029461A3 (fr) 1999-02-17 2001-06-13 Dieter Meyer Matériau filtrant pour réduire les substances nocives dans la fumée de tabac
US6591839B2 (en) 1999-02-17 2003-07-15 Dieter Meyer Filter material for reducing harmful substances in tobacco smoke
KR100440666B1 (ko) * 1999-04-15 2004-07-21 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 가스상 화학 물질 흡착체 및 그것을 이용한 흡착 제거 장치
EP2637522A1 (fr) 2010-11-09 2013-09-18 Kaya, Selçuk Moyen de réduction des constituants nocifs de la fumée, comprenant une colonne de tabac et un élément filtrant

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3312877A1 (de) * 1983-04-11 1984-10-11 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Magnesiumsilikatgebundene zeolithgranulate vom typ zeolith a, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und verwendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE194902T1 (de) 2000-08-15
SE9403014D0 (sv) 1994-09-09
AU3489095A (en) 1996-03-27
EP0804098A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
WO1996007335A1 (fr) 1996-03-14
DK0804098T3 (da) 2000-12-18
KR970705348A (ko) 1997-10-09
JPH10507630A (ja) 1998-07-28

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