EP0803127B1 - Verfahren zur reduktion von radioaktiven abfällen wie insbesondere ölen oder lösungsmitteln und anwendung dieses verfahrens zur behandlung eines aktivierten öls - Google Patents

Verfahren zur reduktion von radioaktiven abfällen wie insbesondere ölen oder lösungsmitteln und anwendung dieses verfahrens zur behandlung eines aktivierten öls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0803127B1
EP0803127B1 EP95907032A EP95907032A EP0803127B1 EP 0803127 B1 EP0803127 B1 EP 0803127B1 EP 95907032 A EP95907032 A EP 95907032A EP 95907032 A EP95907032 A EP 95907032A EP 0803127 B1 EP0803127 B1 EP 0803127B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
treatment
oils
solvents
radioactive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95907032A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0803127A1 (de
Inventor
Adolphe Weber
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Bernatom Sarl
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Bernatom Sarl
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/10—Processing by flocculation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of waste treatment radioactive, in particular oils and solvents, in particular in power plants nuclear and in military study centers, and relates to a process for waste reduction suitable for this purpose.
  • Contaminated oil means an oil containing radioactive substances.
  • the decontamination processes for known contaminated oils and solvents are centrifugation, decantation, rare earth filtration and bacterial destruction.
  • JP-A-63 204 198 describes a process for centrifuging and filtering effluents radioactive containing an oily part.
  • JP-A-89 08316 a method of treating weakly radioactive effluents with a preheating eliminating volatile solvents, then by special centrifugation followed by filtration.
  • Database WPI, Week 9111, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB, AN91-078 549 & JP-A-03 026 999 has for subject a process for the regeneration of non-radioactive running oil putting in uses chemicals that react in the acid phase.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • Its purpose is in fact a process for reducing waste radioactive, in particular oils and solvents, in particular from nuclear installations, essentially consisting in pouring said waste into a tank, in which they are subjected to continuous agitation, to preheat these, to perform a chemical treatment to reduce metal ions radioactive, passing said waste through a centrifuge, performing a electrostatic or conventional filtration and then to control the level of radioactivity, the treatment being continued continuously until the rate of decontamination sought, characterized in that the preheating of the waste is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 15 ° C and 80 ° C, so to control the rate of reduction of radioactive metal ions, in that the chemical precipitation treatment is carried out in the basic phase and in that the oils are advantageously reduced by using boron salt, such as, in particular, sodium borohydride.
  • boron salt such as, in particular, sodium borohydride.
  • the invention also relates to the application of this method according to claim 4.
  • the method of reducing radioactive waste especially from oils and solvents, in particular from nuclear installations, essentially consisting in pouring said waste into a tank 1, in which they are subjected to continuous agitation, to preheat these, to perform a chemical treatment to reduce metal ions radioactive, passing said waste through a centrifuge 2, performing a electrostatic or conventional filtration and then to control the level of radioactivity, the treatment being continued continuously until the rate of decontamination sought, is characterized in that the preheating of the waste is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 15 ° C and 80 ° C, in order to control the rate of reduction of radioactive metal ions, in that chemical precipitation treatment is carried out in the basic phase and in that the oils are advantageously reduced by using boron salt, such as, in particular, sodium borohydride.
  • boron salt such as, in particular, sodium borohydride.
  • the waste is preheated by via a heating means 6, at a temperature between 15 ° C and 80 ° C ,.
  • the method according to the invention is implemented by means of a device essentially consisting of a connected contaminated waste tank 1, via supply lines 3 and return lines 4 and by a pump circulation 5, to a filtration element 7, this device being provided, in addition, between the contaminated waste tank 1 and the filter element 7, of a centrifuge 2 intended to separate the water possibly contained in the waste and to separate the large contaminated particles, the tank 1 being provided with a mixer 8 and a heating means 6 and the element 7 consists of at least one electrostatic collector or a filter conventional, all of these elements being controlled and controlled by via a control panel 9.
  • the filter element 7 consists of one or more collectors electrostatic or by conventional filters, the waste supply of which is carried out, at their lower part, by means of the circulation pump 5, this or these electrostatic collectors being connected in the upper part to the back 4, as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, or the filters being connected in the lower part to the return pipe 4, their supply being done from above.
  • This variant embodiment is not shown in attached drawings.
  • the conventional electrostatic collector (s) or filters forming the filter element 7 are preferably provided with removable filter elements and interchangeable in paper. So by periodic change of the elements paper filters, the contamination accumulated on them can be eliminated in compliance with the regulations in force.
  • the heating means 6, the thermostat of which makes it possible to adjust the temperature between 15 ° C and 80 ° C, is intended to maintain a low viscosity and constant of the waste to be treated throughout the duration of the treatment operation and therefore to promote good circulation of this waste in the centrifuge 2 and in the filtration means 7.
  • the device is completed by a centrifuge 2 mounted in diversion on the supply line 3 and the contaminated waste outlet of which is connected to reservoir 1.
  • a centrifuge is intended to remove water from such that its level in contaminated waste is less than 500 ppm. A rate higher than this value would have the effect of changing the characteristics insulating the oil and obstructing the electrostatic filtration.
  • FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows a principle of filtration electrostatic as implemented by the invention. It appears from this figure that particles flowing in an electric field between a positive electrode and a negative electrode are attracted, depending on their negative charge or positive, by the two electrodes. By interposition between these electrodes of several collectors, represented by plywood elements 10, possibly separated between them by screens 11, the charged particles are attracted, depending on their polarity, against the corresponding filtering face of the multiply elements 10 and y are retained, so that contaminated waste is discharged when it is passage in collectors, in porous material such as paper, for example following the vertical arrows shown in the lower part of Figure 3, all or part of the charged particles.
  • plywood elements 10 possibly separated between them by screens 11
  • the charged particles are attracted, depending on their polarity, against the corresponding filtering face of the multiply elements 10 and y are retained, so that contaminated waste is discharged when it is passage in collectors, in porous material such as paper, for example following the vertical arrows shown in the lower part of Figure 3, all
  • the circulation of contaminated waste is maintained until reached a contamination threshold with a value of the same order as that of radioactivity natural, even inferior.
  • the decontaminated oils obtained can, from this fact, be treated in existing recycling or destruction facilities used oil, for example by incineration in a cement plant.
  • the active particles generally contained in radioactive waste are essentially particles of the type 54 Mn, 58 Co, 59 Fe, 60 Co, 65 Zn, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, and their treatment by application of the method according to the invention by means of the device described above allows a considerable reduction in the volume and weight of the waste in a ratio which can vary between 1 to 1000 and 1 to 3000.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to trap all of these elements.
  • the purpose of the chemical reduction treatment in the tank 1 is to change the metal ions into metal elements, which are then retained in the electrostatic collector of the filtration element 7. For example, a cobalt ion ( Co ++ ) will become (Co °) according to the principle (M ++ + 2e ⁇ M °).
  • the process consists in adding to the effluent, to the beforehand, a basic solution and a so-called coach salt.
  • the ionic valence of the element will determine the type of coach to use.
  • coaches are added at a rate of 0.001% to 0.1% by weight.
  • Oils from nuclear power plants are advantageously reduced by use of boron salt, such as, in particular, sodium borohydride, added at a rate of 0.001% to 0.2% by weight. It is, however, also possible to use other reducers.
  • boron salt such as, in particular, sodium borohydride
  • the method according to the invention allows a decontamination using only electrical energy that achieves simultaneously reheating and circulating the waste to be decontaminated and fixation of active particles in the filter element.
  • Such a method of processing can be done semi-automatically, human intervention may be limited to prior chemical treatment and replacement of filter papers.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Verfahren zur Reduktion von radioaktiven Abfällen, insbesondere von Ölen und Lösungsmitteln, die insbesondere aus Nukleareinrichtungen stammen, bestehend im wesentlichen darin, daß diese Abfälle in ein Reservoir (1) gefüllt werden, in dem sie einer kontinuierlichen Behandlung unterworfen werden, daß diese vorgeheizt werden, daß diese Abfälle in eine Zentrifuge (2) gegeben werden, daß eine elektrostatische oder herkömmliche Filtrierung durchgeführt wird und daß anschließend der Prozentsatz an Radioaktivität kontrolliert wird, wobei die Behandlung kontinuierlich durchgeführt wird, bis man den angestrebten Dekontaminierungsgrad erhalten hat,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das Vorheizen der Abfälle vorteilhafterweise bei einer Temperatur durchgeführt wird zwischen 15 °C und 80 °C, daß die chemische Niederschlagsbehandlung in basischer Phase durchgeführt wird, und daß die Öle bevorzugterweise durch Verwendung von Bohrsalz sowie insbesondere von Natriumbohrhydrid reduziert werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß es darin besteht, den Abfällen zuvor eine basische Lösung und ein Salz als Träger zuzugeben.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die verwendeten Trägersalze bevorzugterweise aus Natriumdoppelacetat, Mangandioxid, Zirkoniumiodat und -phosphat, Wismuthphosphat, Lanthanfluorid und Nickel- oder Kobaltchloride und -sulfate bestehen.
  4. Verwendung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Reduktion von metallischen radioaktiven lonen, die in einem Öl vorhanden sind, welches von einer Primärpumpe eines Kernkraftwerkes stammt und eine Viskosität von 40 cSt und eine Aktivität von 180 Bq/l aufweist, um diese Aktivität auf einen niedrigeren Wert von 4 Bq/l zu überführen, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Parameter:
    Vorheizen auf 40 °C bis 50 °C,
    Hinzufügung von 0,01 Gew.-% von Kobaltchlorid (CoCl2, 6H2O),
    Hinzufügung von 0,2 Gew.-% einer Natriumlösung NaOH (1N),
    Vermischung,
    Hinzufügung von 0,05 Gew.-% von Natriumbohrhydrid (NaBH4),
    Vermischung,
    Zentrifugieren und elektrostatisches Filtrieren.
EP95907032A 1995-01-12 1995-01-12 Verfahren zur reduktion von radioaktiven abfällen wie insbesondere ölen oder lösungsmitteln und anwendung dieses verfahrens zur behandlung eines aktivierten öls Expired - Lifetime EP0803127B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR1995/000041 WO1996021933A1 (fr) 1995-01-12 1995-01-12 Procede de reduction de dechets radio-actifs, notamment d'huiles et de solvants et dispositif pour la mise en ×uvre de ce procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0803127A1 EP0803127A1 (de) 1997-10-29
EP0803127B1 true EP0803127B1 (de) 1998-12-23

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EP95907032A Expired - Lifetime EP0803127B1 (de) 1995-01-12 1995-01-12 Verfahren zur reduktion von radioaktiven abfällen wie insbesondere ölen oder lösungsmitteln und anwendung dieses verfahrens zur behandlung eines aktivierten öls

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5875406A (de)
EP (1) EP0803127B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69506916T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2128711T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1996021933A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1754232B1 (de) * 2004-05-30 2013-06-26 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Proprietary) Limited Verfahren zur behandlung von radioaktivem abfall
DE102011082285A1 (de) * 2011-09-07 2013-03-07 Itn Nanovation Ag Verfahren zur Abtrennung von radioaktiven Nukliden mittels keramischer Filtermembranen
DE102016117703B4 (de) 2016-09-20 2018-04-26 applicsign ag Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von radioaktiv kontaminierten Abwässern
CN109859875A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-06-07 中国辐射防护研究院 一种放射性废润滑油的去污解控方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4615794A (en) * 1984-08-20 1986-10-07 Belanger Roger L Method of removing radioactive waste from oil
DE3522126A1 (de) * 1985-06-20 1987-01-02 Kraftwerk Union Ag Einrichtung zur behandlung radioaktiver abwaesser aus kerntechnischen anlagen
US4681705A (en) * 1985-10-15 1987-07-21 Carolina Power & Light Company Decontamination of radioactively contaminated liquids
FR2601182B1 (fr) * 1986-07-07 1992-01-24 Electricite De France Procede pour la decontamination radioactive d'un lubrifiant
DE3644396C1 (de) * 1986-12-24 1988-02-11 Martin Ganter Verfahren zur Dekontamination radioaktiv belasteter Fluessigkeiten
JPH0326999A (ja) * 1989-06-23 1991-02-05 Toshiba Corp 放射性有機物含有廃棄物の処理方法
CN1049179A (zh) * 1989-08-04 1991-02-13 山西省交通科学研究所 废油再生工艺及其生产装置
US5196113A (en) * 1990-02-21 1993-03-23 Southern California Edison Co. Processing mixed waste
US5516969A (en) * 1995-01-23 1996-05-14 Ontario Hydro Waste oil decontamination process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69506916T2 (de) 1999-08-05
EP0803127A1 (de) 1997-10-29
ES2128711T3 (es) 1999-05-16
DE69506916D1 (de) 1999-02-04
US5875406A (en) 1999-02-23
WO1996021933A1 (fr) 1996-07-18

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