EP0802952A1 - Revetement protecteur leger durci et son procede de fabrication et d'utilisation - Google Patents

Revetement protecteur leger durci et son procede de fabrication et d'utilisation

Info

Publication number
EP0802952A1
EP0802952A1 EP95921218A EP95921218A EP0802952A1 EP 0802952 A1 EP0802952 A1 EP 0802952A1 EP 95921218 A EP95921218 A EP 95921218A EP 95921218 A EP95921218 A EP 95921218A EP 0802952 A1 EP0802952 A1 EP 0802952A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
expanded ptfe
paint
coating
base paint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95921218A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
John W. Dolan
David A. Chopko
Charles E. Singleton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WL Gore and Associates Inc
Original Assignee
WL Gore and Associates Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WL Gore and Associates Inc filed Critical WL Gore and Associates Inc
Publication of EP0802952A1 publication Critical patent/EP0802952A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/48—Stabilisers against degradation by oxygen, light or heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene

Definitions

  • the present invention relates paints and other hardened coatings applied to surfaces requiring exceptional protective qualities, and particularly to lightweight, protective coatings for vehicles such as aircraft.
  • the coating of aircraft and other vehicles for decorative and/or protective purposes is an area of continuing interest. Given the costs of such vehicles and their inherent maintenance requirements, there is a demand for improved protective coatings for these vehicles to decrease wear, and hopefully improve the laminar flow of air and water over the vehicles. Improved laminar flow is a major concern in aircraft and water craft applications, such as with racing vehicles where high speeds are sought, and in tightening competitive markets where escalating fuel costs must be constrained.
  • the present invention is an improved coating material for use on a variety of surfaces and particularly for use on vehicles such as aircraft where there is a need for a highly protective but lightweight hardened coating.
  • the preferred coating material of the present invention comprises a blend of comminuted porous expanded PTFE particles within a base paint mixture.
  • the expanded PTFE particles are evenly suspended within the base paint for application and then cured into a cohesive protective networked grid of expanded PTFE.
  • the composition of the present invention forms a lightweight coating on the substrate, suitable for weight-sensitive applications such as aircraft painting.
  • the coating of the present invention is believed to have significantly improved properties in many other respects, including adhesion, durability, chemical resistance, ultraviolet (UV) light resistance, and low coefficient of friction. These properties are also sought to improve paint quality. The cumulative effect of combining these properties creates a paint that has enhanced wear resistance, which will thus make it suitable for many demanding applications like use on water craft, roads or metals in corrosive environments.
  • the present invention should be suitable for a wide variety of applications.
  • the lightweight properties of present invention makes it particularly useful for providing protective coatings on vehicles, and especially aircraft.
  • improved properties of coating of the present invention include: greater resistance to heat and flames (in fact, the addition of expanded PTFE to a material increases the number of fluorine groups to the matrix thus inhibiting combustion of the material); increased liquid repellence, both hydrophobic and oleophobic (i.e., expanded PTFE mixed with paint tends to gravitate to the surface of the mixture, providing a blanket layer of ePTFE, which will assist in repelling water or other fluids having surface tension energies greater than 31 dynes/cm at 23°C as per the AATCC 118-1983 Oil Repellency Test); improved resistance to steam and other gaseous mixtures; increased insulating properties; enhanced chip resistance capability over paint doped with standard PTFE since the ePTFE particles bond better in the paint due to their inherent mo ⁇ hology; improved abrasion resistance; when loaded with large expanded PTFE particles, improved durable non-slip surface properties; resistance to flex and thermal expansion-avoiding cracking and fractures; and enhanced ability to bond to other desirable materials or active
  • Figure 1 is a graph plotting the average particle sizes of comminuted expanded PTFE particles generated for use with the present invention, the graph comprising the cumulative volume and differential volume;
  • Figure 2 (plate 82) is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a surface of a coating of the present invention, enlarged 100 times;
  • Figure 3 is a SEM of the surface shown in Figure 1 , enlarged 500 times;
  • Figure 4 is a SEM of filings scraped off the surface of a cured coating of the present invention to show its cross-section, enlarged 100 times;
  • Figure 5 is a SEM of filings scraped off the surface of a cured coating of the present invention, enlarged 500 times;
  • Figure 6 (plate 91) is a SEM of filings scraped off the surface of a cured coating of the present invention, enlarged 5000 times.
  • the present invention comprises a coating material which is applied to a substrate and hardened in place to form a relatively lightweight and durable protective finish on the substrate.
  • the present invention provides numerous improved properties, including serving as a vehicle for other agents. Many improved properties can be imparted to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by heating and rapidly expanding the PTFE in one or more directions. By forming a network of polymeric nodes interconnected by fibrils, the PTFE experiences little decrease in its overall volume, but undergoes a dramatic decrease in its density in this process. As a result, a microporous structure is created that has numerous unique properties, including low density, porosity, increased tensile strength, and increased resistance to creep.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Such a product can be produced in a known manner, such as in accordance with the teachings of United States Patent 3,953,566 issued April 27, 1976, to Gore.
  • this material has a density of less than 2.0 g/cc, and preferably a density of 0.9 to 1.8 g/cc.
  • the coating composition of the present invention comprises a blend of a conventional paint mixture and comminuted particles of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the expanded PTFE comprises a fine powder grind of expanded PTFE with an average particle size of about 5 to 100 microns, a particle size of less than about 40 microns being preferred.
  • the expanded PTFE particles and the paint mixture are agitated together to form an even suspension of the expanded PTFE particles within the paint mixture. While the expanded PTFE particles can be generated in any known manner, it is preferred to form these particles by the following procedure:
  • modified Morehouse Colloid mill provides an alternative to the use of irradiation to yield particles of sized reduced PTFE and size reduced expanded PTFE below 100 micro-meters.
  • the graph of Figure 1 illustrates a typical range of particle sizes of expanded PTFE generated through the above procedure.
  • Curve 10 represents the cumulative volume; the bar graphs 12 represent the differential volume.
  • the graph indicates that the greatest quantity of particles (i.e., 50%) produced in this manner are between 17 to 50 microns.
  • the ground expanded PTFE material can be separated in any known manner, such as through screening, thermal air separation, floatation, cyclone filtration and cyclone separation, also possibly fluid bed separation.
  • the particles are separated through the process of a thermal air separator.
  • Comminuted expanded PTFE particles are the preferred material for use in the present invention for a couple of reasons.
  • a conventional PTFE particle may have a matrix tensile strength of 3000 psi.
  • a comminuted particle of expanded PTFE made from a fiber stretched with a ratio of 80:1 will have a matrix tensile strength of about 100,000 psi.
  • tensile strength is determined in accordance with ASTM D-882 (Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting) using an INSTRON Tensile Tester Model 1130 outfitted with clamping jaws suitable for restraining sheet goods. This machine is available from INSTRON Machine of Canton, MA. The tensile strength was determined using sheet goods of expanded PTFE. It is thought that the material is isotropic.
  • the particles can be mixed in virtually any proportion, with the understanding that excessive loading of expanded PTFE particles can lead to an uneven painted surface and, in extreme, possible compromise of adhesion.
  • a proportion of expanded PTFE in the final composition of 1/8% to 25% by weight is considered appropriate for most applications.
  • the expanded PTFE preferably comprises ⁇ 10% by weight of the final blended composition.
  • the blending of the paint and expanded PTFE is preferably performed using mechanical agitation, such as through use of a magnetic stirrer or for more viscous matter, an electrical lab propeller. This step is performed by slowly adding the ground ePTFE particles into the agitated beaker containing the paint. A vibrating sifter or other powder dispensing device should be used to dispense the comminuted ePTFE material into the container holding the paint.
  • suitable mixing processes may include wetting out of the comminuted expanded PTFE with a solvent, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic agitation, such as through the use of an ultrasonic horn submerged in a beaker containing the IPA and then slowly adding the comminuted ePTFE into the beaker using any suitable powder dispensing device or apparatus.
  • a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
  • ultrasonic agitation such as through the use of an ultrasonic horn submerged in a beaker containing the IPA and then slowly adding the comminuted ePTFE into the beaker using any suitable powder dispensing device or apparatus.
  • Other potential mixing apparatus may include a mechanical vibrating table, or a shaker table.
  • the expanded PTFE may become suspended through mere agitation.
  • paints such as water based latex paints (e.g., acrylic, butadiene-styrene, polyvinyiacetate)
  • the hydrophobic nature of expanded PTFE may require the introduction of a wetting agent, such as a hydrophilic surface coating of SPECTRACOTE (polyurethane coating) from Flexible Products Company of Marietta, Georgia, or a surfactant of TRITON X100 from Rohm & Haas or OP10 from ICI, Inc.
  • SPECTRACOTE polyurethane coating
  • surfactant of TRITON X100 from Rohm & Haas or OP10 from ICI, Inc.
  • the final composition is formed in the above manner, it is readily applied to a substrate through any conventional manner, including but not limited to use of brushes or other mechanical applicators, spraying equipment, and pad printing.
  • the composition will dry and cure in accordance with the properties of the paint mixture used.
  • the expanded PTFE particles which are pre-fibrillated, are believed to form a stronger interlocking grid network within the hardened paint surface without requiring any further treatment. It is anticipated that this network will serve both to improve the interface between the expanded PTFE and the paint pigment and to provide a stronger and more durable finish to the coating.
  • the expanded PTFE particles Another important property of the expanded PTFE particles is that their microporous structure and randomized surfaces provide an excellent surface to which paint pigment can bond. As a result, a far stronger and more cohesive coating can be provided than is possible with existing fully densified fluorinated paints. In light of these advantages, it is believed that the preferred size for the ePTFE particle is greater than 5 microns to assure sufficient porosity of the particles.
  • a comminuted expanded PTFE was produced from unsintered expanded PTFE material by grinding it using a Morehouse Super 800 series colloid mill.
  • the Morehouse mill was modified by securing the mill stones as is taught in U.S. Patent Number 4,841 ,623 James C. Rine.
  • the 20 mesh material was further size reduced using a modified Morehouse Super 800 series colloid mill.
  • the milling apparatus was equipped with 90 grit stones.
  • the mean particle size of the comminuted material was about 45 microns.
  • the expanded PTFE material used in this context comprised of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) diameter PTFE cord material which was expanded 8:1 times longitudinally in accordance to U.S. Patent No. 3,953,566.
  • This material is commercial expanded PTFE joint sealant material without the adhesive strip and is available from W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Eikton, MD, under the trademark GORE-TEX®.
  • the expanded beading was then shredded to a mean particle size of approximately 500-700 micro-meter using a shredder from Cumberland, Inc.
  • the shredded flake material was further size reduced using a Morehouse colloid mill which was modified as described above in accordance to U.S. Patent No. 4,841 ,623.
  • the modification to the mill involved restraining the stones around the circumference of the mill stones as opposed to restraining the stones axially, as is commonly done. This novel restraining configuration permits the stones to rotate at a greater velocity without destroying the stones due to centrifugal forces.
  • One g of comminuted expanded PTFE was added to 10 g of AWL-
  • CAT #2 G3010 (92-C-39) thinner available from U.S. Paint Co ⁇ oration, Inc. of St. Louis, Missouri.
  • This thinner comprises xylene, toluene, ethyl acetate, cellulose acetate and aliphatic polyisocyanate.
  • the expanded PTFE particles and thinner were agitated together by hand with a glass stirring rod. The expanded PTFE material easily wetted-out to produce a homogenous suspension.
  • the pigmented polymer comprised a glossy black G-2001 Alumi-Grip Linear Polyurethane topcoat paint available from U.S. Paint Co ⁇ oration, Inc. of St. Louis, Missouri. This is a common high gloss paint comprising a base urethane polymer, which is frequently employed for coating aircraft and race cars. An even suspension of expanded PTFE in the paint material was achieved.
  • the mixture was then applied by natural bristle paint brush to a piece of aluminum sheet metal of the kind used in aircraft construction.
  • the sheet metal was degreased with a toluene based solvent and wiped with lint-free towels.
  • the coating composition was allowed to cure under the following conditions: Ambient temperature, under laboratory hood with a face velocity of 100 ft/min (0.5 m/sec) for 24 hours. Assuming all the thinner volatized during the curing operation, the comminuted expanded PTFE constitutes about 9.1% of the final mixture.
  • the following results were observed: the mixture easily released from the paint brush onto the sheet metal surface. However, brush strokes were evident in the final coated product since the paint failed to level sufficiently during curing.
  • the cured surface was somewhat rough and dull in appearance, a suitable finish for water craft deck use, aircraft step areas, and similar environments where traction may be desired.
  • the solvent comprised an aircraft hydraulic fluid of tributylphosphate, dibutyl phenyl phosphate marketed by Monsanto Company of St. Louis, Missouri under the trademark SKYDROL. After the fluid was left in place for 96 hours, no apparent effect was observed on the painted surface.
  • Another test sample was prepared employing 2 g of comminuted expanded PTFE added to 10 g of G3010 thinner.
  • the expanded PTFE particles and thinner were gently agitated by hand using a glass stirring rod.
  • the ePTFE material easily wetted-out to produce a homogeneous suspension.
  • 10 g of G-2001 pigmented polymer were added to the suspension while stirring the mixture with a glass stirring rod.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a defined nodal-fibril structure in the expanded PTFE. This structure may have resulted from the scraping action of the test sample during sample preparation.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show pockets of epoxy pigment, but there appears to be a disproportionate amount of expanded PTFE on the surface. The increased amount of expanded PTFE on the surface may indicate that the expanded PTFE migrates to the surface of the paint during curing rather than being a heterogeneous mixture across the cross-section of the cured paint. This may explain why the final coating has an extremely durable and chemically resistant finish.
  • the coating of the present invention is believed to have numerous advantages over previous paints.
  • the grid network of expanded PTFE also creates a barrier which greatly enhances the coating's chemical resistance. While conventional PTFE is UV light resistant, it is believed that the interlocking grid formed with the present invention may present an even more protective coating in this regard. Finally, the interlocking grid may also improve the heat resistance of the final coating.
  • the density and chemical properties of the expanded PTFE particles should cause them to gravitate toward the surface of the coating during the curing process.
  • the combination of expanded PTFE and paint binder is believed to offer a far superior barrier to wear, light degradation, and chemical attack.
  • the interlocking nature of the expanded PTFE particles may also allow a paint manufacturer to formulate a paint that is smoother than one containing full density PTFE. This should lead to improved laminar flow over the coated surface, and improved performance and reduced fuel consumption in vehicles.
  • the expanded PTFE should increase the flame retardancy of the mixture since by the addition of PTFE to the matrix, the number of fluorine compounds present are increased thus rendering the mixture less flammable. Fluorine compounds help reduce the degree of flammability of materials.
  • the final product is more flame retardant.
  • the voids and pores of the expanded PTFE should improve the interlocking of pigments with the expanded PTFE. This is a significant improvement over conventional PTFE spheres, where only the minimal surface adhesion of the pigments to the spheres can be provided. This allows the expanded PTFE particles to serve as a skeletal sponge for the paint pigments, improving the wetting and suspension properties of the expanded PTFE particles while producing an improved final product.
  • the voids and spheres of the expanded PTFE offer a region for other materials to occupy and be placed into the paint offering added enhancements to the paint.
  • Active agents that can be inco ⁇ orated into the expanded PTFE particles include: anti-fungal agents (e.g., magnesium borate), anti-fouling agents (e.g., metallic naphthenate, mercury compounds), insecticidal agents (e.g., dicapthon, dieldrin), radar reflecting medium (e.g., aluminum flakes), radar absorbing medium (e.g., soft ferrites), etc.
  • the present invention has numerous properties particularly suited for use on a variety of land, water, air, and space vehicles.
  • the lightweight nature of the present invention should be especially useful when used in all forms of aircraft applications (e.g., conventional planes and helicopters, space vehicles, etc.).
  • many of the properties of the present invention may also be used in other areas, including: certain machinery coating, such as heavy construction equipment which is subjected to harsh environments; building, and especially roof protection and roadway paint.
  • ePTFE is both hydrophobic and oleophobic, and since the ePTFE particles tend to migrate to the surface of the coating, a coating of the present invention is particularly suitable as an improved water sealant or chemically resistant finish.
  • the expanded PTFE particles may serve as a matrix or carrier for other materials.
  • various chemical compounds may be inco ⁇ orated or encapsulated in the comminuted ePTFE material prior to mixing into the paint.
  • One advantage of this concept is that materials that are resistant to mixing uniformly into a paint alone can be successfully and uniformly inco ⁇ orated throughout the paint through dispersion via the ePTFE particles.
  • the paint of the present invention has virtually endless possible applications. Suitable paints mixtures (e.g., oil based paints) of the present invention could be used to coat machinery, cement, asphalt, bridges, buildings, tanks and other surfaces exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Furthermore, the comminuted expanded PTFE may mix even more readily with oil based paints, becoming suspended through mere agitation. This may make paint production easier and less expensive.
  • Suitable paints mixtures e.g., oil based paints

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

Revêtement protecteur amélioré qui durcit pour former une finition légère mais extrêmement durable pour des substrats divers. Le revêtement préféré comporte un mélange pulvérulent de particules de polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) expansé, poreux et léger, en suspension dans un mélange de base de peinture. Quand elles sont appliquées et durcies sur une surface, lesdites particules de PTFE expansé forment dans la peinture un réseau enchevêtré qui est léger, durable, chimique et résistant aux ultraviolets et possède un faible coefficient de friction. Ladite composition convient particulièrement à des applications pour lesquelles on recherche un revêtement durable mais léger, telles que l'industrie aéronautique.
EP95921218A 1995-01-09 1995-03-14 Revetement protecteur leger durci et son procede de fabrication et d'utilisation Ceased EP0802952A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36996395A 1995-01-09 1995-01-09
US369963 1995-01-09
PCT/US1995/003261 WO1996021700A1 (fr) 1995-01-09 1995-03-14 Revetement protecteur leger durci et son procede de fabrication et d'utilisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0802952A1 true EP0802952A1 (fr) 1997-10-29

Family

ID=23457667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95921218A Ceased EP0802952A1 (fr) 1995-01-09 1995-03-14 Revetement protecteur leger durci et son procede de fabrication et d'utilisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0802952A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10512312A (fr)
AU (1) AU2635195A (fr)
CA (1) CA2209821A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996021700A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1009875A3 (fr) * 1995-12-20 1997-10-07 Yvo Boterdael Lamelle destinee a des tests pour diagnostics et procedes pour sa fabrication.
US6194486B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2001-02-27 Trw Inc. Enhanced paint for microwave/millimeter wave radiometric detection applications and method of road marker detection
US6358601B1 (en) 1997-07-11 2002-03-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Antistatic ceramer hardcoat composition with improved antistatic characteristics
NL1006958C2 (nl) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-11 Hollandsche Betongroep Nv Evenementen-bouwwerk met verplaatsbaar veld.
US6518911B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2003-02-11 General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. Non-skid, radar absorbing system, its method of making, and method of use
JP6230327B2 (ja) * 2013-08-14 2017-11-15 共同印刷株式会社 印字定着層形成用組成物、及び印字定着層付き媒体
CN114486727A (zh) * 2020-10-26 2022-05-13 凯塞光学系统股份有限公司 用于压入窗口的摩擦控制和束缚性密封剂

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933579A (en) * 1968-11-28 1976-01-20 Dulux Australia Limited Vesiculated polymer granules
DE2122408A1 (en) * 1971-05-06 1972-11-16 Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen Acid-resistant coatings - contg acid - resistant binder and polyamide or opt halogenated polyolefin pigment
JPS5313229B2 (fr) * 1974-02-26 1978-05-09
DE3803866A1 (de) * 1988-02-09 1989-08-10 Anton Ferch Anstrich zum auftragen auf beruehrungsflaechen von aufeinander gleitenden bauteilen
US5081171A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-01-14 Nixon Charles R Composition for sealing of painted or metal surfaces

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9621700A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10512312A (ja) 1998-11-24
WO1996021700A1 (fr) 1996-07-18
CA2209821A1 (fr) 1996-07-18
AU2635195A (en) 1996-07-31

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