EP0802372A1 - Method and device for controlling the combustion process of a boiler - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling the combustion process of a boiler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0802372A1 EP0802372A1 EP97710009A EP97710009A EP0802372A1 EP 0802372 A1 EP0802372 A1 EP 0802372A1 EP 97710009 A EP97710009 A EP 97710009A EP 97710009 A EP97710009 A EP 97710009A EP 0802372 A1 EP0802372 A1 EP 0802372A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- burner
- low
- spectral resolution
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
- F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/14—Flame sensors using two or more different types of flame sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/16—Flame sensors using two or more of the same types of flame sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/20—Camera viewing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a combustion process in a boiler according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 10.
- Interventions on actuators of the combustion process are derived as a function of the measured variables, so that, for example, at a high NOx concentration in the combustion gas, actuators of the burner are actuated in order to supply higher amounts of combustion air globally.
- the fuel supply can be increased by correspondingly actuating actuators.
- a stable control of the combustion process with the known methods is relatively difficult due to several parameters that have to be observed simultaneously.
- the known methods have the disadvantage that they do not record the actual combustion process of the fuel and only control it indirectly.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling a combustion process in a boiler according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 10, respectively, which allows direct detection and control of the combustion.
- the detector advantageously detects the flame by means of a high-resolution and low-spectral resolution sensor and a low-resolution and high-spectral resolution sensor.
- the high-location and low-spectral resolution sensor is preferably designed as a CCD camera. With the CCD camera, the shape and surroundings of the flame can be easily captured. This sensor preferably detects the flow field of the flame. It can also detect a relatively accurate local distribution of the temperature.
- the low-location and high-spectral resolution sensor is preferably formed by glass fiber cables with associated spectral decomposition devices.
- a spectral decomposition device can be designed in a particularly simple manner as a grating, slit or prism.
- the radical and / or temperature field of the flame is preferably detected with the low-resolution and high-spectral resolution sensor. The detection of individual radicals is of particular importance and their precise local assignment is of lesser importance.
- changes in the temperature, flow and / or radical field of the flame are preferably recorded over time.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a section of a boiler for coal combustion.
- FIG. 2 shows a view of the detector from FIG. 1.
- the boiler 1 for coal combustion shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a burner 2. Fuel and air are introduced into the boiler 1 via the burner 2 and burned to form a flame 3.
- the essentially cylindrical burner 2 comprises an outer air duct 4, an inner air duct 5 and an inlet duct 6 for the introduction of fuel.
- An entry funnel 7 is provided at the end of the burner 2 facing the boiler 1.
- a detector 10 connected to a computing device 9 is received from a wall 8 of the boiler 1.
- the detector 10 is directed towards the flame 3 and comprises a sensor which is designed as a CCD camera 11 and which has a high-location and low-spectral resolution and a sensor which has a low-location and high spectral resolution and is formed by fiber optic cable 12 with associated spectral decomposition devices.
- the glass fiber cables 12 of the sensor are arranged below the lens of the CCD camera 11.
- the computing device 9 is connected to actuators of the burner 2 and a fuel mill (not shown) via signal lines (not shown).
- the glass fiber cables 12 are arranged in a fan-like manner.
- the flame 3 formed in the coal combustion is observed by the detector 10 and its formation is detected.
- the shape and the flow field are detected by the sensor 11 and the radical and temperature field of the flame 3 are detected by the sensor 12.
- the output signals of the detector 10 are forwarded to the computing device 9 and processed there to control signals for the actuators of the burner 2 and the fuel mill for regulating the flame 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Verbrennungsprozesses in einem Kessel nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. Anspruchs 10.The present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a combustion process in a boiler according to the preamble of claim 1 and
Bei bekannten Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Verbrennungsprozesses in einem Kessel mit Brennern werden Daten über verschiedene Prozeßparameter erfaßt und zum Ableiten von Eingriffen auf Stellgrößen verarbeitet. So werden zum Beispiel Temperatur und Zusammensetzung von Verbrennungsgasen am Kesselaustritt, Dampfparameter wie Temperatur und Dampfmassenstrom und Temperaturen im Kessel gemessen.In known methods for controlling a combustion process in a boiler with burners, data about various process parameters are recorded and processed to derive interventions on manipulated variables. For example, the temperature and composition of combustion gases at the boiler outlet, steam parameters such as temperature and steam mass flow and temperatures in the boiler are measured.
In Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Größen werden Eingriffe auf Stellglieder des Verbrennungsprozesses abgeleitet, so daß beispielsweise bei einer hohen NOX-Konzentration im Verbrennungsgas Stellglieder des Brenners betätigt werden, um global höhere Mengen an Verbrennungsluft zuzuführen. In einem anderen Fall kann bei einer Messung eines relativ niedrigen Dampfmassenstroms die Brennstoffzufuhr durch entsprechende Ansteuerung von Stellgliedern erhöht werden. Eine stabile Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses mit den bekannten Verfahren ist aufgrund mehrerer gleichzeitig einzuhaltender Parameter relativ schwierig.Interventions on actuators of the combustion process are derived as a function of the measured variables, so that, for example, at a high NOx concentration in the combustion gas, actuators of the burner are actuated in order to supply higher amounts of combustion air globally. In another case, when a relatively low steam mass flow is measured, the fuel supply can be increased by correspondingly actuating actuators. A stable control of the combustion process with the known methods is relatively difficult due to several parameters that have to be observed simultaneously.
Die bekannten Verfahren haben den Nachteil, daß sie den eigentlichen Verbrennungsvorgang des Brennstoffs nicht erfassen und nur indirekt steuern.The known methods have the disadvantage that they do not record the actual combustion process of the fuel and only control it indirectly.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Verbrennungsprozesses in einem Kessel nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 10 anzugeben, das bzw. die eine direkte Erfassung und Steuerung der Verbrennung erlaubt.The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling a combustion process in a boiler according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 10, respectively, which allows direct detection and control of the combustion.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch den kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 10 gelöst.This object is solved by the characterizing part of claim 1 and
Durch die Beobachtung und Analyse des Flammenbildungsverhaltens bei dem eigentlichen Verbrennungsvorgang des Brennstoffs in einem Brennernahfeld können Daten zu einer direkten Steuerung bereitgestellt werden. Mit einer Regelung der Flamme werden andere Prozeßparameter gewissermaßen bereits zwangsläufig mitgeregelt. Wird die Flamme mit einer optimalen Ausbildung gehalten, kann praktisch davon ausgegangen werden, daß die üblichen Prozeßparameter zumindest in der Nähe eines optimalen Betriebspunktes liegen. Anhand der verarbeiteten Ausgangssignale des Detektors können die Zufuhr von Primär-Sekundär-und/oder Tertiärluft, die Zufuhr von Brennstoff und strömungstechnische Einstellvorrichtungen des Brenners eingestellt werden. Beispielsweise kann der Drall beim Eintrag des Brennstoffs eingestellt werden. Ferner kann das Brennstoff/Luftverhältnis lokal optimal eingestellt werden. Hierbei wird es ermöglicht, entweder die Menge an Brennstoff oder an Luft gezielt auf einen optimalen Wert einzustellen, um das gewünschte Brennstoff/Luftverhältnis zu erreichen.By observing and analyzing the flame formation behavior during the actual combustion process of the fuel in a near-burner area, data can be provided for direct control. By regulating the flame, other process parameters are inevitably also also controlled. Will the flame come with an optimal training, it can be practically assumed that the usual process parameters are at least in the vicinity of an optimal operating point. On the basis of the processed output signals of the detector, the supply of primary-secondary and / or tertiary air, the supply of fuel and fluidic adjustment devices of the burner can be set. For example, the swirl can be adjusted when the fuel is introduced. Furthermore, the fuel / air ratio can be optimally adjusted locally. This enables either the amount of fuel or air to be set to an optimal value in order to achieve the desired fuel / air ratio.
Der Detektor erfaßt die Flamme vorteilhaft mittels eines hochorts- und geringspektralauflösenden Sensors sowie eines geringorts-und hochspektralauflösenden Sensors.The detector advantageously detects the flame by means of a high-resolution and low-spectral resolution sensor and a low-resolution and high-spectral resolution sensor.
Der hochorts- und geringspektralauflösende Sensor ist bevorzugt als CCD-Kamera ausgebildet. Mit der CCD-Kamera kann auf einfache Weise die Form und das Umfeld der Flamme erfaßt werden. Dieser Sensor erfaßt bevorzugt das Strömungsfeld der Flamme. Er kann auch eine relativ genaue örtliche Verteilung der Temperatur erfassen.The high-location and low-spectral resolution sensor is preferably designed as a CCD camera. With the CCD camera, the shape and surroundings of the flame can be easily captured. This sensor preferably detects the flow field of the flame. It can also detect a relatively accurate local distribution of the temperature.
Der geringorts- und hochspektralauflösende Sensor ist bevorzugt durch Glasfaserkabel mit zugeordneten Spektralzerlegungsvorrichtungen ausgebildet. Eine Spektralzerlegungsvorrichtung kann in besonders einfacher Weise als Gitter, Spalt oder Prisma ausgebildet sein. Mit dem geringorts- und hochspektralauflösenden Sensor wird bevorzugt das Radikalen- und/oder Temperaturfeld der Flamme erfaßt. Hierbei ist die Erfassung einzelner Radikale von besonderer und deren genaue örtliche Zuordnung eher von geringerer Bedeutung.The low-location and high-spectral resolution sensor is preferably formed by glass fiber cables with associated spectral decomposition devices. A spectral decomposition device can be designed in a particularly simple manner as a grating, slit or prism. The radical and / or temperature field of the flame is preferably detected with the low-resolution and high-spectral resolution sensor. The detection of individual radicals is of particular importance and their precise local assignment is of lesser importance.
Um eine relativ stabile Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses zu ermöglichen, werden bevorzugt zeitliche Veränderungen des Temperatur-, Strömungs- und/oder Radikalenfelds der Flamme erfaßt.In order to enable a relatively stable control of the combustion process, changes in the temperature, flow and / or radical field of the flame are preferably recorded over time.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels zu entnehmen.Further refinements of the invention can be found in the subclaims and the following description of an exemplary embodiment.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in den Abbildungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the figures.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Ausschnitt eines Kessels zur Kohleverfeuerung.Fig. 1 shows schematically a section of a boiler for coal combustion.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ansicht des Detektors aus Fig. 1.FIG. 2 shows a view of the detector from FIG. 1.
Der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Kessel 1 zur Kohleverfeuerung weist einen Brenner 2 auf. Über den Brenner 2 wird Brennstoff und Luft in den Kessel 1 eingetragen und unter Bildung einer Flamme 3 verbrannt.The boiler 1 for coal combustion shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a
Der im wesentlichen zylinderförmig ausgebildete Brenner 2 umfaßt einen äußeren Luftkanal 4, einen inneren Luftkanal 5 und einen Eintragskanal 6 zum Brennstoffeintrag. An dem dem Kessel 1 zugewandten Ende des Brenners 2 ist ein Eintragstrichter 7 vorgesehen.The essentially
Von einer Wandung 8 des Kessels 1 ist ein mit einer Recheneinrichtung 9 verbundener Detektor 10 aufgenommen. Der Detektor 10 ist auf die Flamme 3 gerichtet und umfaßt einen als CCD-Kamera 11 ausgebildeten hochorts- und geringspektralauflösenden Sensor und einen durch Glasfaserkabel 12 mit zugeordneten Spektralzerlegungsvorrichtungen ausgebildeten geringorts- und hochspektralauflösenden Sensor.A
Wie in der in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellten Frontansicht des Detektors 10 gezeigt, sind die Glasfaserkabel 12 des Sensors unterhalb des Objektivs der CCD-Kamera 11 angeordnet.As shown in the front view of the
Die Recheneinrichtung 9 ist über weiter nicht dargestellte Signalleitungen mit Stellgliedern des Brenners 2 und einer nichtdargestellten Brennstoffmühle verbunden.The computing device 9 is connected to actuators of the
Um einen im wesentlichen gleichgroßen Blickwinkel wie die CCD-Kamera 11 zu ermöglichen, sind die Glasfaserkabel 12 fächerartig angeordnet.In order to enable an essentially the same viewing angle as the
Zur Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses in dem Kessel 1 wird die bei der Kohleverbrennung gebildete Flamme 3 durch den Detektor 10 beobachtet und deren Ausbildung erfaßt. Hierbei werden über den Sensor 11 die Form und das Strömungsfeld und über den Sensor 12 das Radikalen- und Temperaturfeld der Flamme 3 erfaßt.To control the combustion process in the boiler 1, the flame 3 formed in the coal combustion is observed by the
Die Ausgangssignale des Detektors 10 werden an die Recheneinrichtung 9 weitergeleitet und dort zu Steuersignalen für die Stellglieder des Brenners 2 und der Brennstoffmühle zur Regelung der Flamme 3 verarbeitet.The output signals of the
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19615141 | 1996-04-17 | ||
DE19615141A DE19615141A1 (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-04-17 | Method and device for controlling a combustion process in a boiler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0802372A1 true EP0802372A1 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
EP0802372B1 EP0802372B1 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
Family
ID=7791520
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97710009A Expired - Lifetime EP0802372B1 (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1997-04-15 | Method and device for controlling the combustion process of a boiler |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0802372B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1177076A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE202196T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU686966B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19615141A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2159825T3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA973113B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998046941A1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1998-10-22 | Bfi Automation Dipl.-Ing. K.-H. Mindermann Gmbh | Burner for fuelling a combustion chamber |
EP0845636A3 (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1999-07-07 | ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH | A flame monitoring apparatus |
EP1010943A2 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-21 | Forney Corporation | Flame monitoring methods and apparatus |
WO2002070953A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Powitec Intelligent Technologies Gmbh | Measuring device, particularly for monitoring flames during a combustion process |
WO2008034266A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-27 | Abb Research Ltd | Flame detector for monitoring a flame during a combustion process |
DE102010044430A1 (en) | 2010-09-04 | 2012-03-08 | G I W E P Gesellschaft für industrielle Wärme, Energie- und Prozeßtechnik m.b.H | Method for monitoring gas-heated furnace by continuous comparative control of gas- and air volumes, involves determining comparison standards for gas- and air volumes using measured process values after start-up phase of furnace |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19915663C1 (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-12-28 | Siemens Ag | Method of determining flow field of gas in internal combustion chamber during continuous operation |
DE19931111A1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-11 | Electrowatt Tech Innovat Corp | Flame monitoring device e.g. for refuse burning plant comprises array of semiconductor photodetectors connected to evaluation circuitry |
DE10110181A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Powitec Intelligent Tech Gmbh | Measurement arrangement especially for monitoring flames during burning process, has housing with video camera and glass fiber camera using same borescope for monitoring flames |
WO2011072730A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | Abb Research Ltd | Optical flame sensor |
BRPI1003906A2 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2013-02-26 | Universidade Federal Da Bahia | natural gas combustion system for the control of correlations between thermal radiation soot and nox formation through the use of oxygen enriched combustion |
FR2959298B1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-09-21 | Air Liquide | FLAME OVEN AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN A FLAME OVEN |
CN102564768B (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 北京理工大学 | Spectrometer-component-based non-contact engine exhaust flame monitoring device |
RU207903U1 (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-11-23 | Павел Дмитриевич Дуньшин | Digital device for control, analysis and optimization of the fuel combustion process in the boiler unit |
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DE3508253A1 (en) * | 1985-03-08 | 1986-09-18 | Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. 4030 Ratingen Mindermann | Method for flame monitoring and flame detector for carrying it out |
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DE4416270A1 (en) * | 1994-05-07 | 1995-11-09 | Peter L Prof Dr Andresen | Test substances introduced into mixing or combustion processes |
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1996
- 1996-04-17 DE DE19615141A patent/DE19615141A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-04-11 ZA ZA973113A patent/ZA973113B/en unknown
- 1997-04-15 DE DE59703750T patent/DE59703750D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-15 EP EP97710009A patent/EP0802372B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-15 AT AT97710009T patent/ATE202196T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-15 ES ES97710009T patent/ES2159825T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-17 AU AU18950/97A patent/AU686966B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-17 CN CN97110123A patent/CN1177076A/en active Pending
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0845636A3 (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1999-07-07 | ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH | A flame monitoring apparatus |
WO1998046941A1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1998-10-22 | Bfi Automation Dipl.-Ing. K.-H. Mindermann Gmbh | Burner for fuelling a combustion chamber |
EP1010943A2 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-21 | Forney Corporation | Flame monitoring methods and apparatus |
EP1010943A3 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2001-05-16 | Forney Corporation | Flame monitoring methods and apparatus |
WO2002070953A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Powitec Intelligent Technologies Gmbh | Measuring device, particularly for monitoring flames during a combustion process |
WO2008034266A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-27 | Abb Research Ltd | Flame detector for monitoring a flame during a combustion process |
US8274560B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2012-09-25 | Abb Research Ltd | Flame detector for monitoring a flame during a combustion process |
DE102010044430A1 (en) | 2010-09-04 | 2012-03-08 | G I W E P Gesellschaft für industrielle Wärme, Energie- und Prozeßtechnik m.b.H | Method for monitoring gas-heated furnace by continuous comparative control of gas- and air volumes, involves determining comparison standards for gas- and air volumes using measured process values after start-up phase of furnace |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU686966B2 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
ATE202196T1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
AU1895097A (en) | 1997-11-13 |
DE59703750D1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
ZA973113B (en) | 1998-08-05 |
EP0802372B1 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
DE19615141A1 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
CN1177076A (en) | 1998-03-25 |
ES2159825T3 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
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