EP0798510A2 - Chaudière - Google Patents

Chaudière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0798510A2
EP0798510A2 EP97101776A EP97101776A EP0798510A2 EP 0798510 A2 EP0798510 A2 EP 0798510A2 EP 97101776 A EP97101776 A EP 97101776A EP 97101776 A EP97101776 A EP 97101776A EP 0798510 A2 EP0798510 A2 EP 0798510A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
shaft
boiler according
filling
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97101776A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0798510A3 (fr
EP0798510B1 (fr
Inventor
Eugen Fischer
Karl Krumm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer GmbH
Original Assignee
Georg Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Georg Fischer GmbH filed Critical Georg Fischer GmbH
Publication of EP0798510A2 publication Critical patent/EP0798510A2/fr
Publication of EP0798510A3 publication Critical patent/EP0798510A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0798510B1 publication Critical patent/EP0798510B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler with a filling shaft, which can be filled with solid fuels, in particular wood, and which can be charged with combustion air, and which is arranged for bottom-side combustion, from which a flow path leading to an exhaust gas outlet emerges, which is provided with combustion gases via a refractory material adjacent to the filling shaft and secondary air which can be acted upon and flows through from below to above the combustion zone and a heat exchange zone arranged downstream thereof.
  • a boiler of this type is known from DE 31 47 410 A1.
  • the combustion zone contains a chamber flanking the filling shaft, which is delimited at its lower end by a grate over its entire width, and which is narrowed on the inlet side and outlet side.
  • the partition between this chamber and the filling chute ends above the grate which delimits the filling chute downwards, so that there is a passage gap which is continuous over the entire width of the filling chute and is delimited by the grate and from which the narrowed chamber inlet goes up.
  • the secondary air is supplied over the entire length of the passage gap mentioned.
  • the chamber of the combustion zone is flowed through practically rotation-free in the vertical direction. Thereby the thermal buoyancy of the combustion gases comes into play.
  • a boiler is known in which the combustion zone contains an insert made of refractory material with a drum-shaped chamber arranged with a horizontal axis, which at one end has a tangential connection to the filling shaft and at the other end an upward-pointing one Has outlet opening.
  • the drum-shaped chamber there is indeed a spiral flow with an axial and rotary component.
  • the thermal buoyancy of the combustion gases leads here to the fact that the flow in the lower circumferential area does not apply as well to the drum wall as in the upper circumferential area, so that the heat storage capacity of the drum wall is not optimally used. A comparatively poor post-combustion is therefore to be feared in the lower peripheral region. This could only be countered by increasing the speed.
  • the combustion zone through which the bottom flows upwards has at least one chimney-shaped combustion shaft arranged with a standing axis, which is connected to the filling shaft at its lower end via at least one tangentially opening inflow channel and which is connected via at least a ventilation hole provided on the bottom and close to the wall can be acted upon with secondary air.
  • the amount drawn in is automatically dependent on the gas throughput, which advantageously leads to self-control. Control means for regulating the secondary air are therefore advantageously not required.
  • Another advantage can be seen in the fact that the combustion zone containing the combustion shaft or the combustion shafts can easily be formed by stones stacked on one another in the manner of chimney stones, which enables simple assembly.
  • a performance-related modular construction is also advantageously possible, in that modules each containing a combustion shaft are provided and, depending on the desired output, the corresponding number of these modules is used, so that a wide range of services can be covered in a comparatively inexpensive manner.
  • it can be ensured in an advantageous manner that all of the existing combustion shafts are operated in the full load range, so that condensation and chimney sooting are excluded.
  • a plurality of parallel chimney-shaped combustion shafts can advantageously be provided, which are arranged in the form of a row parallel to the adjacent filling shaft wall. This results in a simple and particularly compact design even when using several, preferably identical, combustion ducts. This is made possible at the same time Measures a uniform distribution of the inflow channels over the width of the adjacent filling shaft wall, which is beneficial for achieving a uniform burn-up in the filling shaft.
  • a further advantageous measure can consist in the inflow channel or inflow channels each having a rectangular cross section with a greater height than width. This advantageously results in a slim flow band close to the wall, which is conducive to good heat transfer.
  • Each combustion shaft can advantageously be assigned a plurality of bore-shaped ventilation holes arranged on a pitch circle close to the wall. As a result of the larger number of ventilation holes, these can have a comparatively small diameter, so that a nozzle-like function results, which is conducive to achieving a good mixture formation.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the higher-level measures consists in the fact that the height of the combustion shaft or the combustion shafts extends from the level of the filling shaft floor to the upper boiler area. Despite high flow velocities, this results in a long dwell time. It is therefore advantageously possible to dispense with a narrowing of the combustion duct or the combustion ducts on the outlet side, which also eliminates an increase in the flow resistance associated therewith.
  • the boiler according to the invention has a filling shaft 1 which can be loaded with logs, etc., via an upper filling opening which can be closed by a pivoting lid 2.
  • the lower end of the filling chute 1 is formed by a grate 3, under which an ash collecting space 4 is located.
  • the filling of the filling shaft 1 burns from below, i.e. A fire bed forms on the grate 3.
  • the grate 3 can be pivoted for adjustability.
  • the air required for combustion is fed to the boiler in the form of primary air and secondary air, as indicated by arrows 5 and 6.
  • the primary air inlet is designed as a preferably adjustable ventilation flap 7 arranged in the front area of the boiler.
  • the primary air enters the filling shaft 1 as upper air and / or lower air, as indicated by the arrows 5 a, b.
  • the secondary air is injected further downstream, as will be explained later.
  • the volatile combustion products withdraw from the filling shaft 1, as indicated by the arrow 8.
  • the filling shaft is provided with a flow outlet in the area of its rear wall near the grate.
  • the flow path leading from the filling shaft 1 leads via a combustion zone 9 adjacent to the filling shaft 1 and a heat exchange zone 10 arranged downstream thereof to an outlet port 11 arranged in the region of the upper end of the rear boiler wall.
  • the combustion zone 9 is designed such that afterburning takes place , so that the flue gas emerging at the outlet connection 11 has only slight residues of CO and dust.
  • a heat transfer medium, water in the example shown, is heated in the heat exchange zone 10.
  • the upper end of the combustion shaft 12 is open without restriction.
  • the bottom 14 of the filling chute 12 is located approximately at the level of the grate 3 which closes the filling chute 1 downward.
  • the above-mentioned secondary air is supplied in the combustion zone 9.
  • the axial direction of the ventilation hole 15 crosses the lying axis of the inflow duct 13.
  • the combustion products flowing in the direction of arrow 8 from the filling duct 1 into the combustion duct 12 are deflected upwards as a result of the standing arrangement of the combustion duct 12 and flow as a result of the effective draft and their thermal buoyancy at high speed.
  • the combustion shaft 12 is accordingly flowed through from bottom to top.
  • a bottom-side vacuum results due to the high flow velocity.
  • This causes the secondary air to be drawn in automatically, depending on the throughput of combustion products. This results in self-control, so that there is no need for adjustable control elements in the secondary air area.
  • the secondary air flowing in via the ventilation holes 15 practically crosses the mass flow of the incoming combustion products, as a result of which thorough mixing and thus good mixture formation for the afterburning are achieved.
  • the combustion shaft 12 extends into the upper boiler area.
  • the upper, open end 16 of the combustion shaft 12 is approximately at the level of the rear outlet connection 11.
  • the clear cross section of the combustion shaft 12 is the same over the entire height, so that there are no constrictions.
  • a circular cross section provided so that there is a cylindrical combustion shaft configuration.
  • the inflow duct 13 is arranged tangentially with respect to the circular cross section of the combustion shaft 12, so that the inflowing combustion products are guided along the circular wall of the combustion shaft 12 and are accordingly set into a rotational movement. Since at the same time, as already mentioned above, an increasing movement takes place, there is practically a spiral movement within the combustion shaft 12 indicated at 17 in FIG. 1. The rotation results in good contact with the wall and thus a good heat exchange with the wall of the combustion shaft 12, which has a positive effect on the reliability of the post-combustion regardless of the throughput.
  • a plurality of ventilation holes 15 on the bottom are provided here, as can further be seen in FIG. These can therefore have a comparatively small cross section, so that jets with high penetration power and thus good mixing with the combustion products entering the combustion shaft 12 transversely thereto result.
  • the ventilation holes 15 are arranged on a pitch circle close to the wall, expediently only the circumferential half of this pitch circle near the filling shaft is occupied, since the suction effect is best here.
  • a combustion shaft 12 can be provided.
  • two cylindrical combustion shafts 12 arranged next to one another are provided.
  • the combustion ducts 12 arranged side by side practically form a row parallel to the rear wall of the filling duct 1.
  • All the provided combustion ducts 12 are expediently designed identically.
  • a bottom inflow channel 13 is assigned to each combustion shaft 12 here.
  • the inflow ducts 13 of all the combustion ducts 12 are arranged in such a way that their inlet cross-sections 13a, which practically form the outlet of the filling duct 1, are distributed approximately uniformly over the filling duct width, which ensures a uniform burn-up over the entire filling duct width.
  • the inflow channels 13 expediently have a rectangular cross section, the cross section height being greater than the cross section width. This practically results in a slim flow band, which can lie cleanly on the wall of the filling shaft 12. All inlet channels 13 expediently have the same cross section.
  • the combustion shafts 12 with associated inflow channels 13 and ventilation holes 15 are integrated in an insert 18 made of refractory material, for example chamotte. This extends here in one piece over the entire boiler width and accordingly over all the existing combustion shafts 12. It would also be conceivable, however, to install a plurality of inserts, each containing only one combustion shaft, next to one another. This practically results in a modular structure in which the boiler width changes depending on the required output.
  • Each insert 18 is expediently divided into several blocks above the height, which can be placed on top of one another in the manner of chimney stones, which simplifies assembly.
  • the block-shaped structure of the insert 18 or the inserts 18 results in a large accumulation of material surrounding the combustion channels 12 and thus a high heat storage capacity.
  • the heat exchange zone 10 is accordingly provided with lamellar pockets 19, which can be acted upon by water and are arranged parallel to the rear wall of the filling shaft 1.
  • the insert 18 is here arranged between the first and the second pocket 19 facing the filling shaft 1. These are accordingly in thermal contact with the insert 18.
  • the further pockets 19 delimit gap-shaped flow channels 20 between them, through which the flue gases flow in parallel, which are then deflected to the outlet connection 11.
  • the insert 18 is arranged at a distance from the floor.
  • the space below the insert 18 results in a continuous chamber over the entire boiler width, which is connected to the secondary air inlet and thus acts as a distribution channel 21 through which the secondary air is distributed to all ventilation holes 15.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP97101776A 1996-03-28 1997-02-05 Chaudière Expired - Lifetime EP0798510B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19612403A DE19612403A1 (de) 1996-03-28 1996-03-28 Heizkessel
DE19612403 1996-03-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0798510A2 true EP0798510A2 (fr) 1997-10-01
EP0798510A3 EP0798510A3 (fr) 1998-04-08
EP0798510B1 EP0798510B1 (fr) 2000-06-21

Family

ID=7789766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97101776A Expired - Lifetime EP0798510B1 (fr) 1996-03-28 1997-02-05 Chaudière

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0798510B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE194030T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19612403A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1085259A1 (fr) 1999-09-15 2001-03-21 LIGNOTECH Entwicklung von Biomassefeuerungsanlagen GmbH Appareil pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes
AT6578U3 (de) * 1999-09-15 2004-05-25 Lignotech Entwicklung Von Biom Vorrichtung zum verbrennen biogener brennstoffe
DE10142444B4 (de) * 2000-09-01 2010-09-16 Fröling Heizkessel- und Behälterbau Ges.m.b.H. Brennkammer für einen mit Festbrennstoffen beheizbaren Kessel
EP2762777A1 (fr) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-06 Step TRUTNOV a.s. Chaudière
WO2014198758A1 (fr) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Petite installation de chauffe dotée d'un équipement
FR3031573A1 (fr) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-15 Planete Bois Generateur a buches de bois a combustion laterale a hautes performances energetiques et environnementales
EP3798513A1 (fr) * 2019-09-26 2021-03-31 ÖKOFEN Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif chauffant
CN115388459A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-25 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 一种具有烤火功能的环保型柴火炉

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2134838C1 (ru) 1999-01-14 1999-08-20 Скроцкий Виктор Георгиевич Печь
DE102007023051A1 (de) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Martin Ahrends Kessel mit Brennmaterial aufnehmenden Brennraum

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4210995A (en) * 1977-09-12 1980-07-08 Heimburg Richard W Method of constructing a burner
CH671822A5 (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-09-29 Haefliger Ag Geb Solid fuel fired boiler - has after burning chamber connected to primary combustion chamber by mixing tube
WO1992002762A1 (fr) * 1989-08-04 1992-02-20 Jan Wiklund Bruleur pour combustibles solides
DE29605801U1 (de) * 1996-03-28 1996-06-27 Fischer Georg Gmbh & Co Heizkessel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4210995A (en) * 1977-09-12 1980-07-08 Heimburg Richard W Method of constructing a burner
CH671822A5 (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-09-29 Haefliger Ag Geb Solid fuel fired boiler - has after burning chamber connected to primary combustion chamber by mixing tube
WO1992002762A1 (fr) * 1989-08-04 1992-02-20 Jan Wiklund Bruleur pour combustibles solides
DE29605801U1 (de) * 1996-03-28 1996-06-27 Fischer Georg Gmbh & Co Heizkessel

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1085259A1 (fr) 1999-09-15 2001-03-21 LIGNOTECH Entwicklung von Biomassefeuerungsanlagen GmbH Appareil pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes
AT6578U3 (de) * 1999-09-15 2004-05-25 Lignotech Entwicklung Von Biom Vorrichtung zum verbrennen biogener brennstoffe
DE10142444B4 (de) * 2000-09-01 2010-09-16 Fröling Heizkessel- und Behälterbau Ges.m.b.H. Brennkammer für einen mit Festbrennstoffen beheizbaren Kessel
EP2762777A1 (fr) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-06 Step TRUTNOV a.s. Chaudière
WO2014198758A1 (fr) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Petite installation de chauffe dotée d'un équipement
DE202014010947U1 (de) 2013-06-12 2017-02-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Kleinfeuerungsanlage mit Einbau
FR3031573A1 (fr) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-15 Planete Bois Generateur a buches de bois a combustion laterale a hautes performances energetiques et environnementales
EP3798513A1 (fr) * 2019-09-26 2021-03-31 ÖKOFEN Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif chauffant
CN115388459A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-25 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 一种具有烤火功能的环保型柴火炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0798510A3 (fr) 1998-04-08
ATE194030T1 (de) 2000-07-15
DE59701903D1 (de) 2000-07-27
EP0798510B1 (fr) 2000-06-21
DE19612403A1 (de) 1997-10-02

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