EP0795077B1 - Process and device for monitoring a fuel metering system - Google Patents

Process and device for monitoring a fuel metering system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0795077B1
EP0795077B1 EP96913445A EP96913445A EP0795077B1 EP 0795077 B1 EP0795077 B1 EP 0795077B1 EP 96913445 A EP96913445 A EP 96913445A EP 96913445 A EP96913445 A EP 96913445A EP 0795077 B1 EP0795077 B1 EP 0795077B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
pressure
metering system
combustion chamber
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96913445A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0795077A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Stumpp
Johannes Locher
Claus Maier
Jürgen Biester
Werner Teschner
Wilhelm Eyberg
Jochen Neumeister
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3827—Common rail control systems for diesel engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/025—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/224—Diagnosis of the fuel system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/31—Control of the fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device to monitor a fuel metering system according to General terms of the independent claims.
  • Such a method and such a device for Monitoring a fuel metering system are from the US 52 41 933 known. There will be one procedure and one Device for monitoring a high pressure circuit at a Common rail system described. The one described there The device regulates the pressure in the rail. Is that Actuating variable of the pressure control circuit outside of a specifiable one Range, the device detects for errors.
  • US 4 512 307 describes a method in which monitoring is whether the combustion chamber temperature is a certain critical Exceeds the maximum. This maximum value is chosen so that destruction or damage to the Internal combustion engine should be prevented. Monitored the establishment of whether the temperature is a fixed predetermined Value exceeds. A leak or other error in the area of fuel metering can be done with a not recognize such a facility or recognize it very late. This Facility only detects serious errors that are related to can lead to destruction of the internal combustion engine.
  • US 4,466,408 shows a method and an apparatus at which the cylinder pressure is evaluated.
  • the course of the Cylinder pressure during a combustion is with predetermined curves compared. Give way to the saved ones Curves significantly from the actual course of the Combustion chamber pressure decreases, a faulty combustion recognized.
  • the invention has for its object in a Device and a method for monitoring a Fuel metering system of the type mentioned at the outset, if possible to be able to recognize errors safely and easily. This task is by the in the independent claims marked features solved.
  • DE-OS 44 40 700 is a method known in the event of an accident caused by a Airbag sensor is detected, an electromagnetic High pressure regulator on the downstream side of the High pressure line opens completely. This leads to one Pressure drop in the high pressure part of the fuel metering device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device according to the invention and the Figures 2, 3 and 4 each show a flow chart of a Embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • an internal combustion engine is referred to an intake line 105 receives fresh air and emits 110 exhaust gases via an exhaust pipe.
  • the internal combustion engine shown is a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. Every cylinder the Internal combustion engine is an injector 120, 121, 122 and 123 assigned. The injectors are connected via solenoid valves 130, 131, 132 and 133 fuel metered. The fuel arrives from a so-called rail 135 via the injectors 120, 121, 122 and 123 into the cylinders of internal combustion engine 100.
  • the fuel in the rail 135 is from a high pressure pump 145 brought to an adjustable pressure.
  • the High pressure pump 145 is connected to a via a solenoid valve 150
  • Fuel delivery pump 155 connected.
  • the fuel delivery pump communicates with a fuel tank 160.
  • the valve 150 comprises a coil 152.
  • the solenoid valves 130, 131, 132 and 133 include coils 140, 141, 142 and 143 that each supplied with current by means of an output stage 175 can be.
  • the final stage 175 is preferably in one Control device 170 arranged, which also the coil 152nd controls.
  • a sensor 177 is provided which detects the pressure in the Rail 135 detected and a corresponding signal to the Control unit 170 conducts.
  • the Control unit 180 can be designed as an independent control unit his. However, it can also be integrated into the controller 170 his.
  • the pressure control valve can from the Control 170 can be controlled and are present a corresponding control signal the connection between the rail 135 and the return line 195 and thus the Reservoir 160 free.
  • the Sensors 181 to 184 designed as pressure sensors. This Sensors record the combustion chamber pressure in the combustion chambers of the single cylinder.
  • the Fuel delivery pump 155 delivers the fuel from the Storage container via valve 150 to high pressure pump 145.
  • the high pressure pump 145 builds one in the rail 135 predefinable pressure on. Usually pressure values achieved greater than 800 bar in Rail 135.
  • the Control signals for the coils set the Start of injection and end of injection of fuel the injectors 120 to 123.
  • the control signals are depending on the control unit from different Operating conditions, such as the driver's request, the speed and other sizes.
  • the temperature in the Combustion chamber of each engine cylinder measured. Exceeds that Temperature of one of the cylinders a predetermined Threshold, the fuel supply is reduced or turned off or other emergency driving measures initiated.
  • the senor is in the Glow plug integrated. This has the advantage that none additional drilling in the engine is required. Especially It is advantageous if the electrical resistance of the Glow plugs are used as temperature signals. This Resistance changes by a factor of 2 to 4 in Temperature range O to 1100 ° C. Alternatively, the Thermal effect of the glow plugs to provide a Temperature signal can be evaluated.
  • the target temperature in the combustion chamber is used for fault detection depending on the target fuel quantity and engine speed N saved. This target temperature is compared with the Combustion chamber measured temperature compared. If the actual temperature in the combustion chamber longer than a time ts by more than a temperature difference ⁇ exceeds the error recognized and the amount of fuel greatly reduced or switched off.
  • step 200 a counter t set to zero. Then in step 210 the current combustion chamber temperature TI, the fuel quantity QKS and Speed N detected.
  • the fuel quantity QKS can all be in fuel quantity signals present to controller 170, such as for example the target or the actual fuel quantity be used.
  • step 220 the setpoint temperature becomes the map IS as a function F of the fuel quantity QKS and the speed N read out.
  • the query 230 checks whether the amount of the difference between the actual temperature TI and the target temperature Ts is less than ⁇ . If this is the case, follow again Step 210. If not, i. H. the actual temperature deviates significantly from the target temperature, so the time counter t is increased by 1 in step 240. The Query 250 checks whether the time counter t is greater or is equal to a threshold ts. If this is not the case, then Step 210 follows again. If this is the case, then in Step 260 is detected for errors and there will be corresponding ones Measures initiated.
  • step 300 the temperature signal of the first Cylinder Z1 detected. Accordingly, in step 300 Temperature signal of the second cylinder Z2 detected. In step 302 and 303 becomes the temperature signal of cylinders Z3 and Z4 detected. In step 310, the amplitudes of the four Signals summed up and divided by 4. Hence it follows the mean M of the four temperature signals.
  • step 320 a counter i is set to 0 and in subsequent step 330 increased by 1.
  • Query 340 checks whether the difference between the values Zi of the i-th Cylinder and the average M greater than a threshold value S is. If this is not the case, query 350 checks whether i is greater than or equal to 4. If this is not the case, then step 330 occurs again or if i is greater than or equal to 4 step 300 follows.
  • Step 360 recognizes that the amount of the difference between the values of the i-th cylinder Zi and the Mean value M is greater than the threshold value S, then in Step 360 detected errors and a corresponding one Measures initiated.
  • a time counter t becomes zero set.
  • one of the Temperature sensors 181 to 184 have a temperature value Z (k) Combustion chamber temperature.
  • the time counter is in Step 420 increased by one.
  • the subsequent query 430 checks whether a waiting time tw has expired. Is this If this is not the case, step 420 follows again.
  • Step 450 forms then the difference ZA between the old value Z (k) and the new value Z (k + 1). This difference ZA is a measure for the temperature rise during the waiting period tw.
  • the subsequent query 460 checks whether the Difference ZA is greater than a threshold value SA. Is this the old value Z (k) does not become the case in step 470 overwritten with the new value Z (k + 1). Then follows Step 420. Query 460 recognizes that the Temperature rise is greater than an allowable value, so step 480 detects errors.
  • the device both a detects increased as well as a reduced injection quantity.
  • the pressure in the rail to a value just above the Opening pressure of the nozzles can be set. At this Measure can still damage a sensitive engine take too much fuel from a leaky nozzle can flow.
  • Safe emergency driving can be achieved if the Engine cylinders are assigned to two groups and for each Group a separate high pressure pump, a separate rail and a separate pressure relief valve is used. At this configuration can only the cylinder group be switched off in which a combustion chamber with too high Temperature was diagnosed. With the second Cylinder group can maintain emergency operation become.
  • a particularly advantageous alternative is when Place or in addition to the temperature sensors 181 to 184 at least one pressure sensor is used, the a signal delivers that corresponds to the pressure in the respective combustion chamber.
  • the error detection takes place using average values across all cylinders, as in the case of Temperature measurement. Instead of the temperature signals Pressure signals processed.

Abstract

The description relates to a process and device for monitoring a fuel metering system, especially a common rail system for a diesel engine. A defect in the metering system is detected when a signal from a temperature and/or pressure sensor deviates from a predeterminable value.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Kraftstoffzumeßsystems gemäß den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention relates to a method and a device to monitor a fuel metering system according to General terms of the independent claims.

Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Kraftstoffzumeßsystems sind aus der US 52 41 933 bekannt. Dort werden ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Hochdruckkreises bei einem Common-Rail-System beschrieben. Bei der dort beschriebenen Vorrichtung wird der Druck im Rail geregelt. Liegt die Stellgröße des Druckregelkreises außerhalb eines vorgebbaren Bereichs, erkennt die Vorrichtung auf Fehler.Such a method and such a device for Monitoring a fuel metering system are from the US 52 41 933 known. There will be one procedure and one Device for monitoring a high pressure circuit at a Common rail system described. The one described there The device regulates the pressure in the rail. Is that Actuating variable of the pressure control circuit outside of a specifiable one Range, the device detects for errors.

Die US 4 512 307 beschreibt ein Verfahren, bei dem überwacht wird, ob die Brennraumtemperatur einen bestimmten kritischen Höchstwert übersteigt. Dieser Höchstwert ist so gewählt, daß eine Zerstörung oder eine Beschädigung der Brennkraftmaschine verhindert werden soll. Dabei überwacht die Einrichtung, ob die Temperatur einen fest vorgegebenen Wert überschreitet. Eine Leckage oder ein sonstiger Fehler im Bereich der Kraftstoffzumessung läßt sich mit einer solchen Einrichtung nicht oder nur sehr spät erkennen. Diese Einrichtung erkennt lediglich schwerwiegende Fehler, die zu einer Zerstörung der Brennkraftmaschine führen können.US 4 512 307 describes a method in which monitoring is whether the combustion chamber temperature is a certain critical Exceeds the maximum. This maximum value is chosen so that destruction or damage to the Internal combustion engine should be prevented. Monitored the establishment of whether the temperature is a fixed predetermined Value exceeds. A leak or other error in the area of fuel metering can be done with a not recognize such a facility or recognize it very late. This Facility only detects serious errors that are related to can lead to destruction of the internal combustion engine.

Die US 4 466 408 zeigt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung, bei dem der Zylinderdruck ausgewertet wird. Der Verlauf des Zylinderdruckes während einer Verbrennung wird mit vorgegebenen Kurven verglichen. Weichen die abgespeicherten Kurven wesentlich von dem tatsächlichen Verlauf des Brennraumdrucks ab, wird eine fehlerhafte Verbrennung erkannt. US 4,466,408 shows a method and an apparatus at which the cylinder pressure is evaluated. The course of the Cylinder pressure during a combustion is with predetermined curves compared. Give way to the saved ones Curves significantly from the actual course of the Combustion chamber pressure decreases, a faulty combustion recognized.

Nachteilig bei diesen Anordnungen ist, daß ein Fehler erst bei einem starken Druckabfall erkannt wird. The disadvantage of these arrangements is that an error only is detected when there is a strong drop in pressure.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Vorrichtung und einem Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Kraftstoffzumeßsystems der eingangs genannten Art möglichst sicher und einfach Fehler erkennen zu können. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst.The invention has for its object in a Device and a method for monitoring a Fuel metering system of the type mentioned at the outset, if possible to be able to recognize errors safely and easily. This task is by the in the independent claims marked features solved.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können Fehler im Zumeßsystem sicher und einfach erkannt werden. Insbesondere können defekte Injektoren bei Common-Rail-Systemen sicher nachgewiesen werden.By means of the method according to the invention and the Device according to the invention can errors in the metering system be recognized safely and easily. In particular can defective injectors in common rail systems safe be detected.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient configurations and Further developments of the invention are in the subclaims characterized.

Des weiteren ist aus der DE-OS 44 40 700 ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem bei einem Unfall, der mittels eines Airbagsensors erkannt wird, ein elektromagnetischer Hochdruckregler auf der stromabwärtigen Seite der Hochdruckleitung vollständig öffnet. Dies führt zu einem Druckabfall im Hochdruckteil der Kraftstoffzumeßeinrichtung.Furthermore, DE-OS 44 40 700 is a method known in the event of an accident caused by a Airbag sensor is detected, an electromagnetic High pressure regulator on the downstream side of the High pressure line opens completely. This leads to one Pressure drop in the high pressure part of the fuel metering device.

Zeichnungdrawing

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsformen erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein Blockdiagramm der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und die Figuren 2, 3 und 4 jeweils ein Flußdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. The invention is described below with reference to the drawing illustrated embodiments explained. 1 shows a block diagram of the device according to the invention and the Figures 2, 3 and 4 each show a flow chart of a Embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Im folgenden wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung am Beispiel einer selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschine dargestellt, bei der die Kraftstoffzumessung mittels eines Magnetventils gesteuert wird. Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsform betrifft ein sogenanntes Common-Rail-System. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise ist aber nicht auf diese Systeme beschränkt. Sie kann bei allen Systemen eingesetzt werden, bei denen eine entsprechende Kraftstoffzumessung erfolgt.In the following the device according to the invention Example of a self-igniting internal combustion engine shown, in which the fuel metering by means of a Solenoid valve is controlled. The one shown in Figure 1 Embodiment relates to a so-called common rail system. However, the procedure according to the invention is not based on this Systems limited. It can be used with all systems be, where a corresponding fuel metering he follows.

Mit 100 ist eine Brennkraftmaschine bezeichnet, die über einen Ansaugleitung 105 Frischluft zugeführt bekommt und über eine Abgasleitung 110 Abgase abgibt.With 100 an internal combustion engine is referred to an intake line 105 receives fresh air and emits 110 exhaust gases via an exhaust pipe.

Bei der dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine handelt es sich um eine Vierzylinderbrennkraftmaschine. Jedem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine ist ein Injektor 120, 121, 122 und 123 zugeordnet. Den Injektoren wird über Magnetventile 130, 131, 132 und 133 Kraftstoff zugemessen. Der Kraftstoff gelangt von einem sogenannten Rail 135 über die Injektoren 120, 121, 122 und 123 in die Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine 100.The internal combustion engine shown is a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. Every cylinder the Internal combustion engine is an injector 120, 121, 122 and 123 assigned. The injectors are connected via solenoid valves 130, 131, 132 and 133 fuel metered. The fuel arrives from a so-called rail 135 via the injectors 120, 121, 122 and 123 into the cylinders of internal combustion engine 100.

Der Kraftstoff in dem Rail 135 wird von einer Hochdruckpumpe 145 auf einen einstellbaren Druck gebracht. Die Hochdruckpumpe 145 ist über ein Magnetventil 150 mit einer Kraftstofförderpumpe 155 verbunden. Die Kraftstofförderpumpe steht mit einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 160 in Verbindung.The fuel in the rail 135 is from a high pressure pump 145 brought to an adjustable pressure. The High pressure pump 145 is connected to a via a solenoid valve 150 Fuel delivery pump 155 connected. The fuel delivery pump communicates with a fuel tank 160.

Das Ventil 150 umfaßt eine Spule 152. Die Magnetventile 130, 131, 132 und 133 enthalten Spulen 140, 141, 142 und 143, die jeweils mittels einer Endstufe 175 mit Strom beaufschlagt werden können. Die Endstufe 175 ist vorzugsweise in einem Steuergerät 170 angeordnet, das auch die Spule 152 ansteuert. The valve 150 comprises a coil 152. The solenoid valves 130, 131, 132 and 133 include coils 140, 141, 142 and 143 that each supplied with current by means of an output stage 175 can be. The final stage 175 is preferably in one Control device 170 arranged, which also the coil 152nd controls.

Desweiteren ist ein Sensor 177 vorgesehen, der den Druck im Rail 135 erfaßt und ein entsprechendes Signal an das Steuergerät 170 leitet.Furthermore, a sensor 177 is provided which detects the pressure in the Rail 135 detected and a corresponding signal to the Control unit 170 conducts.

Mit 181 bis 184 sind Sensoren bezeichnet, die die Temperatur in den Brennräumen der einzelnen Zylinder erfassen. Diese Sensoren stehen mit einer Steuereinheit 180 in Verbindung, die die Steuerung 170 mit einem Signal beaufschlagt. Die Steuereinheit kann als selbständige Steuergerät ausgebildet sein. Sie kann aber auch in die Steuerung 170 integriert sein.With 181 to 184 sensors are designated, the temperature in the combustion chambers of the individual cylinders. This Sensors are connected to a control unit 180, which the controller 170 applies a signal to. The Control unit can be designed as an independent control unit his. However, it can also be integrated into the controller 170 his.

Zwischen der Hochdruckpumpe 145 und dem Rail 135 ist ein Druckregelventil bzw. ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 190 angeordnet. Das Druckbegrenzungsventil 190 ist zwischen der Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Hochdruckpumpe 145 und dem Rail 135 und einer Rücklaufleitung 195 angeordnet. Über die Rücklaufleitung 195 gelangt Kraftstoff zurück in den Vorratsbehälter 160. Das Druckregelventil kann von der Steuerung 170 angesteuert werden und gibt bei Vorliegen eines entsprechenden Ansteuersignals die Verbindung zwischen dem Rail 135 und der Rücklaufleitung 195 und damit dem Vorratsbehälter 160 frei.There is a between the high pressure pump 145 and the rail 135 Pressure control valve or a pressure relief valve 190 arranged. The pressure relief valve 190 is between the Connection line between the high pressure pump 145 and the Rail 135 and a return line 195 are arranged. About the Return line 195 gets fuel back into the Reservoir 160. The pressure control valve can from the Control 170 can be controlled and are present a corresponding control signal the connection between the rail 135 and the return line 195 and thus the Reservoir 160 free.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Sensoren 181 bis 184 als Drucksensoren ausgebildet. Diese Sensoren erfassen den Brennraumdruck in den Brennräumen der einzelnen Zylinder.In a further embodiment of the invention, the Sensors 181 to 184 designed as pressure sensors. This Sensors record the combustion chamber pressure in the combustion chambers of the single cylinder.

Dies Einrichtung arbeitet nun wie folgt. Die Kraftstofförderpumpe 155 fördert den Kraftstoff aus dem Vorratsbehälter über das Ventil 150 zur Hochdruckpumpe 145. Die Hochdruckpumpe 145 baut in dem Rail 135 einen vorgebbaren Druck auf. Üblicherweise werden Druckwerte größer als 800 bar im Rail 135 erzielt.This facility now works as follows. The Fuel delivery pump 155 delivers the fuel from the Storage container via valve 150 to high pressure pump 145. The high pressure pump 145 builds one in the rail 135 predefinable pressure on. Usually pressure values achieved greater than 800 bar in Rail 135.

Durch Bestromen der Spulen 140 bis 143 werden die entsprechenden Magnetventile 130 bis 133 angesteuert. Die Ansteuersignale für die Spulen legen dabei den Einspritzbeginn und das Einspritzende des Kraftstoffs durch die Injektoren 120 bis 123 fest. Die Ansteuersignale werden von dem Steuergerät abhängig von verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen, wie beispielsweise dem Fahrerwunsch, der Drehzahl und weiteren Größen festgelegt.By energizing the coils 140 to 143, the corresponding solenoid valves 130 to 133 driven. The Control signals for the coils set the Start of injection and end of injection of fuel the injectors 120 to 123. The control signals are depending on the control unit from different Operating conditions, such as the driver's request, the speed and other sizes.

Bei einem Common-Rail-System kann eine Dauereinspritzung eines Injektors bei ausgeglichener Massenbilanz im Rail nicht ohne weiteres sicher erkannt werden. Diese kann zum Beispiel auftreten, wenn das Magnetventil dauerhaft bestromt wird oder der Injektor klemmt bzw. eine Undichtigkeit aufweist. Dies kann zu einer ungewollten Druckerhöhung in einem Zylinder führen und bis zur Motorzerstörung reichen, wenn die Zylinderspitzendrücke bzw. die zulässigen Temperaturen überschritten werden.With a common rail system, a continuous injection of an injector with a balanced mass balance in the rail not easily recognized. This can be used Example occur when the solenoid valve is permanently energized or the injector is stuck or there is a leak having. This can lead to an unwanted increase in pressure lead a cylinder and extend to engine destruction, if the cylinder tip pressures or the permissible Temperatures are exceeded.

Mittels der Sensoren 181 bis 184 wird die Temperatur im Brennraum jedes Motorzylinders gemessen. Übersteigt die Temperatur eines der Zylinder einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert, wird die Kraftstoffzufuhr gedrosselt bzw. abgestellt oder sonstige Notfahrmaßnahmen eingeleitet.The temperature in the Combustion chamber of each engine cylinder measured. Exceeds that Temperature of one of the cylinders a predetermined Threshold, the fuel supply is reduced or turned off or other emergency driving measures initiated.

Bei Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen ist der Sensor in die Glühstiftkerze integriert. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß keine zusätzliche Bohrung im Motor erforderlich ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der elektrische Widerstand der Glühstifkerzen als Temperatursignal verwendet wird. Dieser Widerstand ändert sich um ca. den Faktor 2 bis 4 im Temperarturbereich O bis 1100°C. Alternativ kann auch der Thermoeffekt der Glühstiftkerzen zur Bereitstellung eines Temperatursignals ausgewertet werden.In diesel engines, the sensor is in the Glow plug integrated. This has the advantage that none additional drilling in the engine is required. Especially It is advantageous if the electrical resistance of the Glow plugs are used as temperature signals. This Resistance changes by a factor of 2 to 4 in Temperature range O to 1100 ° C. Alternatively, the Thermal effect of the glow plugs to provide a Temperature signal can be evaluated.

Zur Fehlererkennung wird die Soll-Temperatur im Brennraum abhängig von der Soll-Kraftstoffmenge und der Motordrehzahl N gespeichert. Diese Soll-Temperatur wird mit der im Brennraum gemessenen Temperatur verglichen. Falls die Ist-Temperatur im Brennraum länger als eine Zeit ts um mehr als eine Temperaturdifferenz Δ überschreitet, wird auf Fehler erkannt und die Kraftstoffmenge stark vermindert oder abgestellt.The target temperature in the combustion chamber is used for fault detection depending on the target fuel quantity and engine speed N saved. This target temperature is compared with the Combustion chamber measured temperature compared. If the actual temperature in the combustion chamber longer than a time ts by more than a temperature difference Δ exceeds the error recognized and the amount of fuel greatly reduced or switched off.

Falls das vorgenannte Temperaturkennfeld gespeichert ist, kann die Kraftstoffmenge vor einem Motorschaden beeinflußt werden oder die Kraftstoffmenge kann reduziert werden, bevor das Fahrzeug unbeabsichtigt beschleunigt. Falls nur ein Motorschaden verhindert werden soll, genügt es, bei einer vereinfachten Ausführungsform die Soll-Temperatur als Funktion der Drehzahl abzulegen.If the above temperature map is saved, can affect the amount of fuel before engine damage be or the amount of fuel can be reduced before the vehicle accelerates unintentionally. If only one Engine damage is to be prevented, it suffices at one simplified embodiment as the target temperature Filing function of speed.

Eine mögliche Realisierung dieses Verfahrens ist in Figur 2 als Flußdiagramm dargestellt. In Schritt 200 wird ein Zähler t auf Null gesetzt. Anschließend in Schritt 210 werden die aktuelle Brennraumtemperatur TI, die Kraftstoffmenge QKS und Drehzahl N erfaßt. Als Kraftstoffmenge QKS können alle in der Steuerung 170 vorliegenden Kraftstoffmengensignale, wie beispielsweise die Soll- oder die Ist-Kraftstoffmenge verwendet werden.A possible implementation of this method is shown in FIG. 2 shown as a flow chart. In step 200, a counter t set to zero. Then in step 210 the current combustion chamber temperature TI, the fuel quantity QKS and Speed N detected. The fuel quantity QKS can all be in fuel quantity signals present to controller 170, such as for example the target or the actual fuel quantity be used.

Im Schritt 220 wird aus einem Kennfeld die Soll-Temperatur IS als Funktion F der Kraftstoffmenge QKS und der Drehzahl N ausgelesen.In step 220, the setpoint temperature becomes the map IS as a function F of the fuel quantity QKS and the speed N read out.

Die Abfrage 230 überprüft, ob der Betrag der Differenz zwischen der Ist-Temperatur TI und der Soll-Temperatur Ts kleiner als Δ ist. Ist dies der Fall, so folgt erneut Schritt 210. Ist dies nicht der Fall, d. h. die Ist-Temperatur weicht wesentlich von der Soll-Temperatur ab, so wird in Schritt 240 der Zeitzähler t um 1 erhöht. Die Abfrage 250 überprüft, ob der Zeitzähler t größer oder gleich einem Schwellwert ts ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so folgt erneut Schritt 210. Ist dies der Fall, so wird in Schritt 260 auf Fehler erkannt und es werden entsprechende Maßnahmen eingeleitet.The query 230 checks whether the amount of the difference between the actual temperature TI and the target temperature Ts is less than Δ. If this is the case, follow again Step 210. If not, i. H. the actual temperature deviates significantly from the target temperature, so the time counter t is increased by 1 in step 240. The Query 250 checks whether the time counter t is greater or is equal to a threshold ts. If this is not the case, then Step 210 follows again. If this is the case, then in Step 260 is detected for errors and there will be corresponding ones Measures initiated.

Weicht der Temperaturwert eines Zylinders von einem erwarteten Wert ab, so wird auf Fehler des entsprechenden Injektors bzw. des entsprechenden Magnetventils geschlossen.Does the temperature value of a cylinder differ from one expected value, so the error of the corresponding Injector or the corresponding solenoid valve closed.

Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß die Abweichung der Temperatur eines Zylinders von einem Mittelwert über mehrere Zylinder ausgewertet wird. Ein entsprechendes Ausführungsbeispiel ist in Figur 3 dargestellt.Alternatively, it can also be provided that the deviation of the Temperature of a cylinder from an average over several Cylinder is evaluated. A corresponding one Embodiment is shown in Figure 3.

In Schritt 300 wird das Temperatursignal des ersten Zylinders Z1 erfaßt. Entsprechend wird im Schritt 300 das Temperatursignal des zweiten Zylinders Z2 erfaßt. In Schritt 302 und 303 wird das Temperatursignal der Zylinder Z3 und Z4 erfaßt. Im Schritt 310 werden die Amplituden der vier Signale aufsummiert und durch 4 dividiert. Somit ergibt sich der Mittelwert M der vier Temperatursignale.In step 300, the temperature signal of the first Cylinder Z1 detected. Accordingly, in step 300 Temperature signal of the second cylinder Z2 detected. In step 302 and 303 becomes the temperature signal of cylinders Z3 and Z4 detected. In step 310, the amplitudes of the four Signals summed up and divided by 4. Hence it follows the mean M of the four temperature signals.

Im Schritt 320 wird ein Zähler i auf 0 gesetzt und im anschließenden Schritt 330 um 1 erhöht. Die Abfrage 340 überprüft, ob die Differenz zwischen den Werten Zi des i-ten Zylinders und dem Mittelwert M größer als ein Schwellwert S ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so überprüft die Abfrage 350 ob i größer oder gleich 4 ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so erfolgt erneut Schritt 330 bzw. wenn i größer oder gleich 4 ist folgt Schritt 300. In step 320, a counter i is set to 0 and in subsequent step 330 increased by 1. Query 340 checks whether the difference between the values Zi of the i-th Cylinder and the average M greater than a threshold value S is. If this is not the case, query 350 checks whether i is greater than or equal to 4. If this is not the case, then step 330 occurs again or if i is greater than or equal to 4 step 300 follows.

Erkennt die Abfrage 340, daß der Betrag der Differenz zwischen den Werten des i-ten Zylinders Zi und dem Mittelwert M größer als der Schwellwert S ist, so wird in Schritt 360 auf Fehler erkannt und eine entsprechende Maßnahmen eingeleitet.Query 340 recognizes that the amount of the difference between the values of the i-th cylinder Zi and the Mean value M is greater than the threshold value S, then in Step 360 detected errors and a corresponding one Measures initiated.

Das dargestellte Verfahren wurde am Beispiel einer Vierzylinder Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben. Durch entsprechende Wahl der Parameter insbesondere von i kann das Verfahren auch auf Brennkraftmaschinen mit anderer Zylinderzahl angewandt werden.The procedure shown was based on the example of a Four-cylinder internal combustion engine described. By the corresponding choice of parameters, in particular of i, can do this Procedure also on internal combustion engines with others Number of cylinders can be applied.

Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß überprüft wird, ob die Temperatur innerhalb eines vorgebbaren Zeitraums um mehr als ein Toleranzwert ansteigt. Ein entsprechendes Ausführungsbeispiel ist als Flußdiagramm in Figur 4 dargestellt.Alternatively, it can also be provided that it is checked whether the temperature within a given period of time by more as a tolerance value increases. A corresponding one The exemplary embodiment is as a flow chart in FIG. 4 shown.

In einem ersten Schritt 400 wird ein Zeitzähler t auf Null gesetzt. Im anschließenden Schritt 410 erfaßt einer der Temperatursensoren 181 bis 184 einen Temperaturwert Z(k) der Brennraumtemperatur. Anschließend wird der Zeitzähler in Schritt 420 um eins erhöht. Die sich anschließende Abfrage 430 überprüft, ob eine Wartezeit tw abgelaufen ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so folgt erneut Schritt 420.In a first step 400, a time counter t becomes zero set. In the subsequent step 410, one of the Temperature sensors 181 to 184 have a temperature value Z (k) Combustion chamber temperature. Then the time counter is in Step 420 increased by one. The subsequent query 430 checks whether a waiting time tw has expired. Is this If this is not the case, step 420 follows again.

Nach Ablauf der Wartezeit tw wird in Schritt 440 ein neuer Wert Z(k+1) der Temperatur erfaßt. Der Schritt 450 bildet anschließend die Differenz ZA zwischen dem alten Wert Z(k) und dem neuen Wert Z(k+1). Diese Differenz ZA ist ein Maß für den Temperaturanstieg während der Wartezeit tw.After the waiting time tw has elapsed, a new one is generated in step 440 Value Z (k + 1) of the temperature detected. Step 450 forms then the difference ZA between the old value Z (k) and the new value Z (k + 1). This difference ZA is a measure for the temperature rise during the waiting period tw.

Die sich anschließende Abfrage 460 überprüft, ob die Differenz ZA größer als ein Schwellwert SA ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall wird in Schritt 470 der alte Wert Z(k) mit dem neuen Wert Z(k+1) überschrieben. Anschließend folgt Schritt 420. Erkennt die Abfrage 460, daß der Temperaturanstieg größer ist, als ein zulässiger Wert, so erkennt der Schritt 480 auf Fehler.The subsequent query 460 checks whether the Difference ZA is greater than a threshold value SA. Is this the old value Z (k) does not become the case in step 470 overwritten with the new value Z (k + 1). Then follows Step 420. Query 460 recognizes that the Temperature rise is greater than an allowable value, so step 480 detects errors.

Besonders vorteilhaft bei den beschriebenen Ausführungsformen ist es, daß die Einrichtung sowohl eine erhöhte als auch eine verringerte Einspritzmenge erkennt.Particularly advantageous in the described Embodiments is that the device both a detects increased as well as a reduced injection quantity.

Als Notfahrmaßnahme kann vorgesehen sein, daß mittels eines Druckbegrenzungsventils der Druck im Rail vermindert wird. Ferner kann durch Absperren des Ventils 150 die Kraftstoffzufuhr zur Hochdruckpumpe 145 unterbunden werden.As an emergency driving measure it can be provided that by means of a Pressure relief valve the pressure in the rail is reduced. Furthermore, by shutting off valve 150 Fuel supply to the high pressure pump 145 are prevented.

Wird der Druck im Rail 135 unter den Öffnungsdruck der Injektoren 120 bis 123 abgesenkt, fließt an korrekt arbeitenden Injektoren kein Kraftstoff mehr. Kraftstoff fließt nur noch aus einem Injektor mit einer undichten Injektor.If the pressure in the rail 135 is below the opening pressure of the Injectors 120 to 123 lowered, flows on correctly working injectors no more fuel. fuel only flows from an injector with a leak Injector.

Um einen Notfahrbetrieb des Motors aufrecht halten zu können, kann der Druck im Rail auf einen Wert knapp über dem Öffnungsdruck der Düsen eingestellt werden. Bei dieser Maßnahme kann ein empfindlicher Motor trotzdem Schaden nehmen, weil aus einer undichten Düse zuviel Kraftstoff strömen kann.To maintain emergency engine operation can, the pressure in the rail to a value just above the Opening pressure of the nozzles can be set. At this Measure can still damage a sensitive engine take too much fuel from a leaky nozzle can flow.

Ein sicheres Notfahren ist erreichbar, wenn die Motorzylinder zwei Gruppen zugeordnet werden und für jede Gruppe eine separate Hochdruckpumpe, ein separates Rail und ein separates Druckbegrenzungsventil verwendet wird. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung kann nur die Zylindergruppe abgeschaltet werden, in welcher ein Brennraum mit zu hoher Temperatur diagnostiziert wurde. Mit der zweiten Zylindergruppe kann ein Notfahrbetrieb aufrechterhalten werden.Safe emergency driving can be achieved if the Engine cylinders are assigned to two groups and for each Group a separate high pressure pump, a separate rail and a separate pressure relief valve is used. At this configuration can only the cylinder group be switched off in which a combustion chamber with too high Temperature was diagnosed. With the second Cylinder group can maintain emergency operation become.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Alternative ergibt sich, wenn an Stelle bzw. zusätzlich zu den Temperatursensoren 181 bis 184 wenigstens ein Drucksensor eingesetzt wird, der ein Signal liefert, das dem Druck im jeweiligen Brennraum entspricht. Die Fehlererkennung erfolgt, unter Benutzung von Mittelwerten über alle Zylinder, entsprechend, wie bei der Temperaturmesssung. An Stelle der Temperatursignale werden Drucksignale verarbeitet.A particularly advantageous alternative is when Place or in addition to the temperature sensors 181 to 184 at least one pressure sensor is used, the a signal delivers that corresponds to the pressure in the respective combustion chamber. The error detection takes place using average values across all cylinders, as in the case of Temperature measurement. Instead of the temperature signals Pressure signals processed.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for monitoring a fuel metering system of a diesel internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail system, characterized in that a defective metering system is detected when a signal of a sensor which senses the temperature and/or the pressure in at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine deviates from a mean value over all the cylinders, or in that a defective metering system is detected when a signal of a sensor which senses the temperature in at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine rises by more than a permissible change within a prescribable time interval.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sensor supplies a signal which corresponds to the temperature in the combustion chamber.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sensor supplies a signal which corresponds to the pressure in the combustion chamber.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature sensor is integrated into a sheathed-element glow plug.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance of the sheathed-element glow plug is evaluated as a measure of the temperature.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure in the rail is lowered upon detection of a fault.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinders are divided into two groups and, upon detection of a defect in a group, the group detected as defective is switched off.
  8. Device for monitoring a fuel metering system of a diesel internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail system, characterized in that means are provided which detect a defective metering system when a signal of a sensor which senses the temperature and/or the pressure in at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine deviates from a mean value over all the cylinders, or in that means are provided which detect a defective metering system when a signal of a sensor which senses the temperature in at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine rises by more than a permissible change within a prescribable time interval.
EP96913445A 1995-09-28 1996-04-24 Process and device for monitoring a fuel metering system Expired - Lifetime EP0795077B1 (en)

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DE19536109A DE19536109A1 (en) 1995-09-28 1995-09-28 Method and device for monitoring a fuel metering system
PCT/DE1996/000749 WO1997012137A1 (en) 1995-09-28 1996-04-24 Process and device for monitoring a fuel metering system

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DE59607829D1 (en) 2001-11-08
EP0795077A1 (en) 1997-09-17

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