EP0794850B1 - Schleifwerkzeug, zum schneiden od. dgl. und herstellungsverfahren dieses werkzeuges - Google Patents

Schleifwerkzeug, zum schneiden od. dgl. und herstellungsverfahren dieses werkzeuges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0794850B1
EP0794850B1 EP95936389A EP95936389A EP0794850B1 EP 0794850 B1 EP0794850 B1 EP 0794850B1 EP 95936389 A EP95936389 A EP 95936389A EP 95936389 A EP95936389 A EP 95936389A EP 0794850 B1 EP0794850 B1 EP 0794850B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool according
tool
diamond grains
abrasive
grains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95936389A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0794850A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Gillet
Théodore Holsteyns
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Diamant Boart NV SA
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Diamant Boart NV SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/12—Cut-off wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a abrasive tool, for cutting, drilling or grinding construction materials including a support associated with or provided with a structure, positioning grains of diamond.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacture of an abrasive tool.
  • a process according to the preamble is known, for example, from WO-A-9009620.
  • the known abrasive or cutting tool of the type above when it is a cutting disc, is consists of a circular sheet steel support and a metallic structure formed by a succession of segments, teeth or rim or continuous diamond crown fixed, for example, by soldering, welding or by sintering on the periphery of this sheet.
  • the structure metallic consists of a body sintered by the powder metallurgy incorporating diamond grains.
  • these grains generally have a size ranging from 20 to 80 US-MESH (ISO 6106 / FEPA or ANSI B74-16 standard).
  • abrasive particles In the case discs, abrasive particles, generally formed of silicon carbide, extend over the entire surface of the disc and are incorporated into a phenolic resin reinforced with synthetic fibers.
  • these disks have the disadvantage that the abrasive part is very weak and wears out quickly. So the diameter of such a disc rapidly decreases during use and therefore requires replacement frequent during relatively intensive use.
  • the structure bearing the grains only exists virtually.
  • the grains diamonds have been previously coated with a layer microscopic nickel of maximum 20 microns having the particularity of better adhering to said resin. From this done, a lattice-like structure does not turn out necessary.
  • This design remains limited to tools exclusively for grinding or grinding, where friction forces transmitted in diamond remain well in below the forces generally encountered during sawing.
  • the grain size is less than 200 microns and is commonly between 100 and 400 US-MESH.
  • One of the essential purposes of this invention is to remedy the disadvantages of these types known abrasive tools and to present an abrasive tool, cutting or the like which may be suitable for both intensive use only for relatively few uses frequent, especially thanks to its manufacturing price relatively reduced compared to its lifespan, and which, more, assures the user performance and safety, especially when this tool is used dry.
  • the invention allows the user to have a tool abrasive with continuous depth of cut substantially constant.
  • the support consists essentially of a molded body, cast, injected or pressed into a material having a point higher than the operating temperature and below 1000 ° C and incorporating a structure device itself carrying and positioning the grains diamond abrasives. These are at least distributed following the direction in which the tool should be applied to the material to be worked, the structure with open spaces, recesses or pores and being at least partially embedded in the aforementioned material, which at least partially penetrates these interstices of so as to secure the structure to the support and to transmit a torque from a motorized axis.
  • the diamond grains advantageously have a size between 20 and 80 US-MESH and preferably between 30 and 60 US-MESH.
  • the aforementioned structure includes an assembly of particles each formed diamond grains coated with a binding envelope, these particles being fixed, directly or not, one to others in such a way as to let subsist between them interstices into which matter enters above to form an anchor with the aforementioned support.
  • Figure 1 shows a first type known from abrasive, cutting or cutting discs comprising a circular support 1, formed of a sheet of steel, and a metallic structure 2, formed by a succession of diamond segments fixed by brazing, welding or sintering on the periphery of this sheet.
  • abrasive, cutting or cutting discs comprising a circular support 1, formed of a sheet of steel, and a metallic structure 2, formed by a succession of diamond segments fixed by brazing, welding or sintering on the periphery of this sheet.
  • Such a disc is generally called “diamond disc”.
  • the aforementioned concretions, forming segments 2 can either be formed in situ by sintering on the periphery of the support 1, either to be preformed sintered and fixed on the periphery of the support 1 by soldering or welding, or again by means mechanical.
  • the junction between support 1 and the various segments 2 is indicated by the reference 6 'in the figure 2.
  • the circular support 1 has a central bore 5 for driving the disc around of its axis.
  • the height or thickness of the segments 2 in radial direction of support 1 is traditionally less than 10 mm. These segments 2 are caused to wear out sawing by slow abrasion of the metal matrix 4, while their cutting power is constantly regenerating by successive appearance of layers of diamond grains 3.
  • This type of disc is renowned for its performance cut, wet or dry, in virtually all building materials, and generally in use on portable or table-top machines. The diameters generally range from 100 to 500 mm.
  • notches 11 are provided between two consecutive segments 2.
  • Figure 3 is a representation schematic of a cutting disc according to the invention.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention resides in the design and construction of structure 2 where the 3 diamond grains will have the best possible adhesion to take up the constraints induced by the work of chopped off.
  • the structure 2 can be obtained prior to the molding of the support 1 by agglomeration of abrasive particles 8 containing the diamond grains 3.
  • the support 1 consists of a material 6 molded, cast, injected or pressed having a melting point higher than the tool temperature during of its use and less than 1000 ° C.
  • the abrasive particles 8 are embedded in the material of the support 1 for example by overmolding in such a way that this material 6, in the liquid or pasty state, can penetrate sufficiently into these interstices, recesses or pores 9 to obtain a rigid and reliable fixing between the support and structure 2 formed essentially by these abrasive particles 8 and especially to allow transmit a sufficiently large torque from the support 1 with diamond grains 3 when using this tool.
  • the volume part occupied by structure 2 on the periphery amounts to 60% while material 6 has a higher penetration rate 90% in the recesses, pores or interstices 9.
  • These diamond grains can be agglomerated on a trellis or on an openwork plate by brazing, sintering or depositing electrolytic.
  • the structure 2 can be obtained directly by coating each diamond grain 3 (as shown in Figure 5), or a whole of such grains by a layer or envelope coating and bonding 7. These coating methods are known so there is no need to describe them here.
  • the particles 8 obtained by coating grains of diamonds 3 are bonded together by brazing, bonding or sintering in shape and size structure 2, that is, making sure that recesses, pores or interstices 9 remain between the agglomerated particles 8.
  • Another embodiment of the structure 2 is obtained by agglomeration by the same diamond wire means assembled in the directions desired, so as to form for example a trellis at network in two or more layers of such wires.
  • These sons can be obtained by extruding metallic powders or other premixes with diamond grains and a plasticizer allowing passage through dies adequate.
  • the particle size 8 obtained must be at least 300 microns.
  • the average diameter of the diamond grains itself is preferably greater than 200 ⁇ m. So the thickness of the layer of coating 7 is at least 50 ⁇ m.
  • structure 2 can be produced in situ by at the same time as the operation of molding, casting, injection or pressing of the support 1 of the tool, at the provided that the materials selected from layers 7 for coating or for the formation of grain agglomerates diamond 3 are compatible to react chemically with the material 6 of the support 1.
  • Reaction is understood to mean chemical, the formation of a 7 'interface between two parts which is likely to create sufficient adhesion of one in relation to the other. So if for example the layer 7 is formed of a metal, such as nickel, and that the material 6 of the support 1 is formed of another metal, such than aluminum, the 7 'interface is made of an alloy of these two metals.
  • the in-situ chemical reaction forms a continuous network joining the particles together, thereby forming said structure 2.
  • thermo-mechanical materials used for training of layer 7 of the agglomerated particles 8 must be superior to the thermomechanical characteristics of materials 6 used for the production of support 1.
  • the present invention provides for the coating layer 7 of the diamond grains 3 is advantageously metallic of the iron, nickel type, cobalt, copper, zinc or their derived alloys if the material 6 of support 1 is a metal with a low melting point, such as aluminum, copper, zinc or their alloys respective, such as alpax, bronze, brass or zamak, or possibly a high performance polymer of the type polyimide, polysulfone or PEEK (polyetheresterketone).
  • This layer 7 will either be metallic of the same type as above, either based on polymers or liquid crystals of high thermo-mechanical performance, such as polyimides, polysulfones, PEEK, when support 1 will consist of a less sophisticated polymer, such as polyesters, epoxy possibly reinforced with glass fibers, aramid or carbon.
  • Figure 4 refers to a disc diamond whose rigid structure formed of said particles 8 extends in a crown around the periphery of the support 1.
  • this structure has a wavy shape in a direction tangential to this periphery, that is to say in the direction of the couple applied to the disc when in use.
  • the material 6, from which the support 1 is formed does not not only penetrates into the recesses 9 between the particles 8 but also completely fills the hollows 10 created laterally in the rigid structure 2 by this wavy shape. This further improves the fixation from the latter to support 1.
  • the width of the structure 2 carrying the diamond grains 3 can be variable and be basically a function of the desired service life of the tool and depth of cut required.
  • the invention allows a large choice of this width, for example from 1 to 25 mm.
  • the support 1 is placed motionless in a suitable mold, not shown in the figures, and we inject, pour or press the material 6 from which the support is formed in this mold of in such a way that this material envelops at least partially structure 2 and enters the interstices 9 of this structure 2 thus making it possible to make the two parties intimately united.
  • Molding techniques are known in industrial practices.
  • the support 1 of the tool is metallic, preferably use the methods of casting molten metal, sand, shell or pressure in permanent mold.
  • the tool support is made of synthetic materials thermosetting or thermoplastic, we will use preferably injection or molding methods adequate.
  • a steel frame 17 or a material synthetic can be placed beforehand in the mold used for support formation.
  • the support 1 is molded, cast or injected around this structure 2 allows for a large number of support types, both in terms of concerns the geometry of the support surfaces that the composition of it. Therefore, if the tool constitutes a cutting disc, it is possible to reduce the surface lateral contact of the latter with the material to be cut by providing for example an embossing on the lateral faces of the concretion.
  • fins 12 can be shaped in the lateral faces of the support 1, as shown in Figure 6, to provide ventilation for this last when using the disc, especially when dry.
  • a certain quantity of carbide grains 13 or of another material hard can be mixed with the resin at the trellis 2 in the shape of a crown. These carbide grains 13 or this other hard material can be located in the mesh of the mesh 2.
  • the quantity of carbide grains or of this other hard material represents at most ten times the volume of the quantity of diamond grains 3.
  • carbide or another hard material 13 can also take place during the constitution of the trellis 2 by brazing, sintering or collage to the latter. So these 13 grains could be diamond grain premixes 3 to be fixed on the trellis 2 and therefore be on the trellis 2 as well as in the meshes of it and even be spread across the support 1 in order to improve the longevity of the latter.
  • composition of the support 1 also thanks to the very classic technique simple that can be applied for its training, it is possible to incorporate charges of an extremely varied and even very complex shaped inserts. So, it is possible to incorporate into it particles to high thermal conductivity so as to facilitate the evacuation of calories, generated during the effort of cutting when the tool is used dry, from the periphery towards the axis of the machine driving the tool.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view in perspective of a drill with a metallic structure 2 containing 3 diamond grains, corresponding to the shape as shown in Figure 5.
  • the material 6, of which the cylindrical support 1 of this drill is formed is advantageously metal cast in a mold, not shown, in which the structure was already placed 2 positioning the diamond grains 3.
  • This structure consists of a succession of platelets distributed to equal distances along the free circular edge of the support 1 and cast therein.
  • this support 1 is provided, on the side opposite its free circular edge, an axial rod 14 for mounting the drill on a drive machine, not shown.
  • This rod 14 is advantageously formed by an insert which, during the formation of the support 1, is molded by the material 6 of which the latter is constituted.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a grinding wheel, according to the invention, which is manufactured from the same way as the disc according to figure 4 and the drill according to Figure 7 and whose fasteners 15 are also formed by inserts molded into the support 1.
  • Figure 9 concerns a form of special production of diamond tools, according to the invention, for milling or surfacing objects 16 made of stony or vitreous materials.
  • the working face i.e. the structure 2 positioning the diamond grains
  • it can be very shaped varied. Indeed, it can be not only flat, as in a cup wheel, or cylindrical as in a polishing roller but it can also have a concave or convex profile, such as for grinding wheels molding or polishing shoes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Schleifwerkzeug zum Schneiden oder dergleichen, umfassend einen Träger (1), der mit einer Struktur (2) verbunden ist, die Diamantkörner (3) positioniert und dazu bestimmt ist, entlang einer bestimmten Richtung an ein zu behandelndes Material (16) angesetzt zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Träger (1) im wesentlichen aus einem geformten, gegossenen, gespritzten oder gepreßten Material (6) gebildet wird, das einen Schmelzpunkt aufweist, der höher als die Verwendungstemperatur des Werkzeugs und niedriger als 1.000°C ist, wobei die Diamantkörner (3) zumindest entlang der obengenannten bestimmten Richtung in bezug auf die Struktur (2) verteilt sind, wobei diese Struktur offene Zwischenräume oder Poren aufweist und zumindest teilweise in dem Material (6) versenkt ist, wobei das letztere zumindest teilweise in diese Zwischenräume oder Poren eindringt, so daß diese Struktur (2) fest mit dem Träger (1) verbunden und ein Moment von dem letzteren auf die Diamantkörner (3) übertragen werden kann.
  2. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2) eine durchbrochene Platte oder ein Gitter umfaßt, an dem die Diamantkörner (3) auf dreidimensionale Weise starr befestigt sind.
  3. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Diamantkörner (3) an dem Gitter oder der durchbrochenen Platte (2) durch Löten, Kleben, Sintern oder elektrochemische Ablagerung befestigt werden.
  4. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2) eine Verbindung von Partikeln (8) umfaßt, die jeweils durch Diamantkörner (3) gebildet werden, die mit einem Verbindungsüberzug (7) umgeben sind, wobei diese Partikel (8) so miteinander verbunden sind, daß zwischen ihnen Poren oder Zwischenräume bestehen und auf diese Weise eine Struktur (2) in der Form eines Gerüstes gebildet wird, in die diese Diamantkörner (3) eingearbeitet werden.
  5. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obengenannte Überzug (7) durch eine Substanz gebildet oder bedeckt wird, die einen höheren Schmelzpunkt als denjenigen des Materials (6) aufweist, wie z.B. durch ein thermoplastisches Material mit hoher Leistungsfähigkeit vom Typ Polyimid, Polysulfon, Polyetheresterketon (PEEK), oder durch eine Mischung eines Metallpulvers und eines Klebers, wobei dieser Überzug einer Sinterung oder einer Polymerisation unterzogen wurde, so daß die überzogenen Diamantkörner (3) in bezug zueinander unbeweglich sind.
  6. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überzug (7) eine Lötung aufweist, wobei die überzogenen Diamantkörner (3) durch die genannte Lötung aneinandergeschweißt sind.
  7. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2) eine Verbindung von Zusammenballungen von Diamantkörnern (3) umfaßt.
  8. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2) Drähte umfaßt, die ausgehend von einer Mischung aus Diamantkörnern (3) und einer Substanz mit höherem Schmelzpunkt als der Schmelzpunkt des Materials (6) des Trägers (1) stranggepreßt oder durch Spritzgußverfahren geformt wurden.
  9. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2) ein Gitter (1) umfaßt, das ausgehend von Drähten gebildet wurde, die stranggepreßt oder durch Spritzgußverfahren geformt wurden.
  10. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Karbidkörner, insbesondere Siliziumkarbidkörner (13) umfaßt, die höchstens das Zehnfache des Volumens der Menge der Diamantkörner (3) darstellen.
  11. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das obengenannte Material (6) des Trägers (1) aus einem Metall wie Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, Bronze, Messing oder einer Zinklegierung besteht.
  12. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das obengenannte Material (6) des Trägers (1) aus einem Kunststoff besteht, wie z.B. aus einem thermoplastischen oder warmaushärtenden Material oder einem Verbundwerkstoff, eventuell verstärkt, zum Beispiel durch Fasern.
  13. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Träger (1) eine Bewehrung aufweist, wie z.B. ein Gitter aus Stahl oder synthetischen Fasern.
  14. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2) in bezug auf den Träger (1) vorspringt.
  15. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, wenn das obengenannte Material (6) des Trägers (1) aus einem Harz besteht, dieses letztere mit Schleifkörnern (13), insbesondere aus Siliziumkarbid, versehen ist.
  16. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einer Schleifscheibe, einem Schleifkörper oder einem Bohrer besteht.
  17. Werkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die obengenannte Struktur (2), die die Diamantkörner (3) positioniert, in der Richtung des bei seiner Verwendung angebrachten Moments eine Aufeinanderfolge von vorspringenden Teilen aufweist.
  18. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Struktur (2) in der Richtung des obengenannten Moments ein ungefähr wellenförmiges Aussehen aufweist.
  19. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schleifwerkzeugs, bei dem man zuerst eine starre Struktur (2) mit offenen Zwischenräumen oder Poren bildet, die Diamantkörner (3) zumindest in der Richtung positioniert, in der diese Struktur an ein zu behandelndes Material angesetzt werden soll, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zur Herstellung eines Schleifwerkzeugs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19 insbesondere durch Gießen, Pressen oder Spritzen ein Material (6) formt, das einen Schmelzpunkt aufweist, der höher als die Temperatur des Werkzeugs bei seiner Verwendung und niedriger als 1.000°C ist, so daß dieses Material in diese Zwischenräume oder Poren eindringt und so einen Träger (1) bildet, der starr an dieser Struktur (2) befestigt ist.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die obengenannte Struktur (2) an einer Bewehrung für den Träger (1) befestigt und man dann das Material (6) formt, das dazu bestimmt ist, den Träger (1) um die Struktur (2) dieser Bewehrung zu bilden.
EP95936389A 1994-11-16 1995-11-06 Schleifwerkzeug, zum schneiden od. dgl. und herstellungsverfahren dieses werkzeuges Expired - Lifetime EP0794850B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9401028 1994-11-16
BE9401028A BE1008917A3 (fr) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Outil abrasif, de coupe ou analogue et procede de fabrication de cet outil.
PCT/BE1995/000101 WO1996014963A1 (fr) 1994-11-16 1995-11-06 Outil abrasif, de coupe ou analogue et procede de fabrication de cet outil
US08/680,378 US5885149A (en) 1994-11-16 1996-07-15 Homogenous abrasive tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0794850A1 EP0794850A1 (de) 1997-09-17
EP0794850B1 true EP0794850B1 (de) 1999-05-19

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EP95936389A Expired - Lifetime EP0794850B1 (de) 1994-11-16 1995-11-06 Schleifwerkzeug, zum schneiden od. dgl. und herstellungsverfahren dieses werkzeuges

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5885149A (de)
EP (1) EP0794850B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE180197T1 (de)
AU (1) AU3836495A (de)
BE (1) BE1008917A3 (de)
DE (1) DE69509788T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2133821T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3030933T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1996014963A1 (de)

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WO1996014963A1 (fr) 1996-05-23
EP0794850A1 (de) 1997-09-17
DE69509788T2 (de) 1999-12-09
GR3030933T3 (en) 1999-11-30
BE1008917A3 (fr) 1996-10-01
ATE180197T1 (de) 1999-06-15
ES2133821T3 (es) 1999-09-16
US5885149A (en) 1999-03-23
AU3836495A (en) 1996-06-06
DE69509788D1 (de) 1999-06-24

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