EP0793317A1 - Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0793317A1
EP0793317A1 EP96890029A EP96890029A EP0793317A1 EP 0793317 A1 EP0793317 A1 EP 0793317A1 EP 96890029 A EP96890029 A EP 96890029A EP 96890029 A EP96890029 A EP 96890029A EP 0793317 A1 EP0793317 A1 EP 0793317A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
protection device
surge protection
electrode
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96890029A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Ing. Suchentrunk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG
Original Assignee
Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG filed Critical Felten and Guilleaume Austria AG
Priority to EP96890029A priority Critical patent/EP0793317A1/fr
Publication of EP0793317A1 publication Critical patent/EP0793317A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device with a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode.
  • Surge protection devices consist of a spark gap. This can be designed both as an air spark gap and as a gas discharge spark gap. If an overvoltage is discharged via such a spark gap, the overvoltage in the network is reduced very sharply to the value mentioned for the residual voltage. However, the spark gap is not able to transmit the current driven by the normal mains voltage via the spark gap, i.e. to extinguish the arc in the spark gap.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an overvoltage protection device of the type mentioned at the outset, which has the advantages of a spark gap and reliably extinguishes the arc or follow current.
  • At least one of the two electrodes is movably mounted at least in sections.
  • the distance between such electrodes can be increased by moving the electrodes away from one another with the aid of the forces generated by the arc itself. In this way, an arc that has arisen will be extended relatively quickly until it breaks off, so that the arc is reliably extinguished.
  • a possible embodiment of the invention can be that the at least one movable electrode is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis.
  • At least one movable electrode is mounted so that it can be moved in parallel.
  • This type of movement is also easy to implement, moreover it is associated with very little friction and is therefore virtually wear-free.
  • Another feature of the invention can be that the at least one movable electrode is pressed elastically, for example with a spring, in the direction of the other electrode.
  • the electrodes have an approach point and an adjoining spark gap, such as a horn spark gap.
  • the arc ignited in the proximity point is quickly withdrawn from the proximity point, so that the thermal stress associated with the arc causes only little or hardly detectable damage.
  • At the end of the spark gap opposite the approach point at least one electrode element, at least protruding into the space delimited by the electrodes, preferably arranged entirely in this space, such as e.g. Plate, is arranged.
  • Such electrode elements divide the arc into several partial arcs when the spark gap end is reached, which supports rapid arc extinguishing.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention can consist in that the electrodes are arranged enclosing an acute angle, the approach point preferably being arranged in the first edge region of the electrodes and both leads being fixed at a distance from the approach point, preferably at the end of the electrodes opposite the approach point , so that the at least one movable electrode can be moved away from the other electrode by force effects caused by the current flow.
  • the magnetic forces generated by the arc current can be used without any further means for moving the electrodes apart.
  • the electrodes are at least in sections essentially parallel to each other, because this results in a particularly high force effect between the two electrodes.
  • At least one electromechanical actuator is connected in series with the electrodes, which moves the movable sections of the electrodes away from one another in the event of an arc being ignited between the electrodes.
  • a powerful and therefore particularly reliable drive of the at least one movable electrode section can thus be achieved.
  • the electromechanical actuating element is designed as a coil with an armature connected in series with the electrodes.
  • the coil is stationary and the armature is mechanically connected to at least one movable electrode section.
  • the armature is stationary and the coil is mechanically connected to at least one movable electrode section.
  • the coil of the actuator has a significantly lower mass compared to the armature, so that such a drive is less sluggish and the arc can therefore be extinguished faster.
  • a spring is arranged between the yoke of the coil and the movable electrode, which presses the movable electrode back into its rest position after the arc is extinguished.
  • a spacer is arranged between the electrodes.
  • the electrodes are thus kept at a defined distance from one another which always remains the same, so that the tripping voltage of the overvoltage protection device remains essentially constant even after a number of tripping operations.
  • the spacer may be designed as an electrically non-conductive sleeve, so that the gases heated by the arc move the at least one movable electrode away from the other electrode.
  • both electrodes can be brought into contact with it.
  • a preferably plate-shaped element which cuts through the arc can be introduced.
  • the arc is cut, the current flow is interrupted and the arc is subsequently extinguished.
  • the element severing the arc mechanically, e.g. is connected to the at least one movable electrode via a rope, a rod or the like.
  • the movement of the electrode which is always brought about when an arc is formed can thus be used simultaneously to drive the arc-separating element.
  • the element severing the arc can be introduced into the space delimited by the electrodes by means of an electromechanical actuating element through which the arc current flows.
  • the element severing the arc from an electrically non-conductive material, such as e.g. Ceramic, plastic or the like. Is formed.
  • the electromechanical actuating element or at least one movable electrode actuates a counter.
  • the mechanical state of the electrodes can be determined by the number of overvoltage dissipation processes that have already taken place and conclude that the surge protective device is suitable for use.
  • the counter actuates a locking device which holds the electromechanical trigger member or at least one movable electrode section in its open position.
  • an overvoltage protection device dissipates the overvoltage energy with the aid of an arc.
  • Such an arc has two important properties, among other things: it has a very high temperature, which means that it heats the surrounding atmosphere and thereby builds up local overpressures in the surrounding atmosphere. Furthermore, it allows a relatively large current to flow both in the feed lines and the electrodes and through it itself, which is associated with the formation of magnetic fields and force effects.
  • the aim of the invention is to extinguish the arc as quickly as possible after the overvoltage has subsided.
  • the invention uses the above-mentioned force effects caused by the arc itself in order to widen the distance between the two electrodes between which the arc burns.
  • At least one of the two electrodes is movably mounted at least in sections.
  • the movable electrode section (s) or the fully movable electrodes are moved away from one another by one or by the interaction of several of the above-mentioned forces.
  • the movable mounting can be arbitrary, on the one hand the pivotable mounting of the entire electrode 1 (see FIG. 1a) or the movable electrode section 10 (see FIG. 2 in a manner that allows a parallel displacement of the electrodes 1, 2, as shown for example in Fig.1e.
  • FIGS. 1a-e and 2a, b The simpler one is shown in FIGS. 1a-e and 2a, b.
  • the electrodes 1, 2 are plate-shaped and arranged to run essentially parallel to one another. At their first ends they are connected to electrical conductors 5, which are used for supplying or discharging current, while at their other ends they form an approach point 4.
  • the first electrode 1 is movable, namely is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis 3. If an overvoltage occurs, an arc is formed in the approach point 4 and thereby a current flow symbolized by the arrows 6.
  • the directions of current flow in the electrodes 1, 2 are 180 ° to one another, that is to say they run in exactly opposite directions.
  • the magnetic fields that form two currents flowing in the opposite direction build up a force that tries to move the two currents away from each other. Due to the pivotable mounting of the first electrode 1, the latter is moved away from the second electrode 2 as a result of the forces mentioned, as a result of which the arc burning in the approach point 4 is extended until it goes out.
  • a spring 19 is provided, which presses the movable electrode 1 elastically towards the other electrode 2, so that the movable electrode 1 is automatically returned to its rest position immediately after the arc has been extinguished.
  • both electrodes 1, 2, e.g. pivotable when igniting an arc there is a simultaneous movement of both electrodes 1, 2.
  • FIG.1e Another type of movable storage is shown in Fig.1e; here the two electrodes 1, 2 are again plate-shaped, but are mounted such that they can be displaced in parallel by means of rail-like guides 7. If an arc occurs, the two electrodes 1, 2 are separated from each other by the arrows 6 '.
  • FIGS. 1a, b only one of the two electrodes 1, 2 can be mounted so that it can move, while the other is rigid is fixed; Furthermore, an elastic return device for the movable electrodes can be provided.
  • the two electrodes 1, 2 can have any shape, e.g. the particularly preferred variant according to Fig.2a.
  • the electrodes 1, 2 are provided with supply lines 5 and have sections which run parallel to one another on these supply lines 5 and which sections form the approach point 4.
  • spark gap 8 which is designed according to the drawing in the form of a horn spark gap.
  • One of the electrodes 1 is pivotally mounted about an axis of rotation 3, which is arranged on the end of the electrode 1 opposite the leads 5.
  • FIG. 2b A further development of this embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2b, in which the two electrodes 1, 2 again form a horn spark gap.
  • a plurality of electrode elements 9, which are preferably plate-shaped, are arranged so that they protrude into the space delimited by the horn spark gap. These electrode elements 9 divide the arc into a number of arcs electrically connected in series, as a result of which a quicker quenching takes place.
  • both electrodes 1, 2 can also be mounted so that they can move in their entirety or only in sections, in both variants a return spring 19 can be provided.
  • the gas pressures caused by the arc can also be used to drive the movable electrodes 1, 2.
  • Fig.1e shows a possible variant of the utilization of these gas pressures.
  • the approach point 4 is surrounded by a spacer in the form of a closed sleeve 39, which sleeve 39 is preferably formed from an electrically non-conductive material and which only allows the heated air surrounding the arc to escape in the direction of the two electrodes 1, 2. Since an arc can be relatively hot (approx. 7000-15000K), heating the ambient air also creates sufficiently high pressures to drive the electrodes 1, 2.
  • Such a sleeve 39 or a gas barrier corresponding to the sleeve 39 can also be provided in all other exemplary embodiments of the invention. Similar to FIG. 3, the forces required to drive the electrodes 1, 2 will be composed of forces caused by the current flow and by gas pressure.
  • the sleeve 39 is formed with an opening pointing in the direction of the arc in order not to hinder the arc from running out.
  • the drive effect of the gas pressure on the electrodes 1, 2 is less by this type of design of the sleeve 39, but still sufficient.
  • FIGS. 3a-f Another, albeit more complex, way of utilizing the magnetic forces caused by the arc current is shown in FIGS. 3a-f.
  • the movable electrodes 1, 2 are moved by one or more electromechanical actuators 30.
  • the embodiment according to Fig.3a has two terminals 31, 32. Between the terminals 31, 32 there is an electromechanical actuator 30, for example a Magnetic release, and a movable electrode 1 and a fixed electrode 2 connected in series.
  • the stationary electrode 2 can be connected to the clamp 32, for example, via an electrically conductive bracket 36.
  • the movable electrode 1 is fastened on an arm 38 pivotably mounted about a pivot axis 3 and is at a distance L from the fixed electrode 2.
  • the distance L can be set by a non-conductive sleeve 39, which is preferably firmly connected to the fixed electrode 2 and is arranged between the free end 40 of the arm 38 and the fixed electrode 2.
  • the sleeve 39 is arranged so that it surrounds the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the gas pressures caused by the arc can also be used to support the electrodes 1, 2 moving apart.
  • the electromechanical release element 30, in the example shown a conventional magnetic release, has a coil 41 which is connected on the one hand via an electrical line 42 and via the arm 38 to the movable electrode 1 and on the other hand via an electrical line 43 to the connecting terminal 31.
  • the coil 41 is wound around a sleeve 44, within which an armature 45 is movably received.
  • the sleeve 44 with the coil 41 is fixed in a yoke 46.
  • the armature 45 is connected to the movable electrode 1 via a tension element 47, which can be, for example, a thin rope or a rod. Although not shown, it could also be provided that the armature 45 is fixed immovably, the coil 41, on the other hand, is movable and is connected to the movable electrode 1, for example via a tension element 47, so that the magnetic forces occurring when an arc current flows, the coil 41 move along the anchor 45.
  • a tension element 47 can be, for example, a thin rope or a rod.
  • a compression spring 19 is arranged which, as shown in the drawing, is supported on the support 50 on the leg 48 of the yoke 46.
  • both the movable electrodes 1 and the armature 45 are always moved back into the starting position after the arc which arises when the overvoltage is dissipated has extinguished.
  • 3a shows an example of an extension of the embodiment according to FIG. 3a, in which the second electrode 2 is also arranged on a pivotable arm 38, with a separate actuating element 30 being provided for each of the two arms 38.
  • one electrode 2 is immovably fixed and the other electrode 1 is firmly connected to the armature 45 of an electromechanical actuating element 30 via a tension element 47.
  • the electrode 1 is moved away from the other electrode 2.
  • the two electrodes 1, 2 are slidably mounted in guides 7 and mechanically connected to the actuating member 30 via a linkage 11.
  • the armature 45 of the actuating member 30 is displaced and thereby moves the two electrodes 1, 2 away from one another.
  • Two pivotably mounted electrodes 1, 2, which form a horn spark gap 8, can be driven by arc current in the manner shown in FIG. 3e.
  • the two electrodes 1, 2 are connected to the armature 45 of an actuating element 30 via rods 11.
  • Fig. 4a, b shows one possibility of extinguishing an already widened arc particularly quickly.
  • the basic idea in this embodiment of the invention is to cut the arc-burning path; it is therefore introduced into the space delimited by the electrodes 1, 2, where the arc burns - in the example in FIG. 4, it always remains in the approach point 4 - a plate-shaped element 12.
  • this element 12 can now be driven in the manner already described for the movable electrodes 1, 2. If the magnetic force effect between the electrodes 1, 2 is to be used, it is sufficient to connect the element 12 according to FIG. 4 mechanically, for example by means of ropes or rods, to the electrodes 1, 2.
  • an electromechanical actuator 30 could also be provided for the movement of the element 12.
  • Electrically non-conductive materials such as e.g. Ceramics, plastics or the like for use.
  • the electrodes 1, 2 can burn off, as a result of which the distance L between the electrodes 1, 2 increases and the trigger voltage increases as a result, which can have a disadvantageous effect on downstream electrical devices,
  • a counter is provided in the embodiment of the invention.
  • This counter can be actuated, for example, by a pin 51 which is connected to the armature 45 of an electromechanical actuator 30 (cf. FIGS. 3a, b).
  • the counter can be actuated by a movable electrode section 10, 20 or by a completely movable electrode 1, 2.
  • the number unit can be connected to a clearly visible display device which indicates that a predetermined number of triggers has been exceeded.
  • a locking device is actuated via the counter, which, for example, the armature 45 in its release position after exceeding a certain number of triggers (in the illustrated embodiment in the position in which the movable electrode in the the fixed electrode 2 remote position, in which an ignition of an arc is not possible), whereby the overvoltage protection device is deactivated.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP96890029A 1996-03-01 1996-03-01 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions Withdrawn EP0793317A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96890029A EP0793317A1 (fr) 1996-03-01 1996-03-01 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96890029A EP0793317A1 (fr) 1996-03-01 1996-03-01 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0793317A1 true EP0793317A1 (fr) 1997-09-03

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ID=8226191

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EP96890029A Withdrawn EP0793317A1 (fr) 1996-03-01 1996-03-01 Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10231431A1 (de) * 2002-07-11 2004-01-29 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter, druckfester Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstrecke
WO2008151861A1 (fr) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-18 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Appareil de protection contre les surtensions avec un séparateur mécanique activé en cas de surcharge thermique
CN103311915A (zh) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 厦门大恒科技有限公司 一种动态间隙放电器
DE102013224720A1 (de) 2013-12-03 2015-06-03 J. Pröpster GmbH Überspannungsableiteinrichtung mit einem Überspannungsableiter und einer Löscheinheit

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE174993C (fr) * 1906-01-02
DE315166C (fr) *
DE323370C (de) * 1919-07-29 1920-07-21 Heinrich Murr Hoernerueberspannungsschutz mit einem beweglichen Horn
DE428183C (de) * 1926-04-28 Franz Reilich UEberspannungsableiter
DE622462C (de) * 1935-11-28 Neumann Hochspannungsapp G M B UEberspannungsableiter mit Funkenstrecke und in Reihe geschaltetem Daempfungswiderstand
DE702194C (de) * 1939-04-30 1941-02-01 Aeg UEberspannungsableiter
FR916453A (fr) * 1945-10-25 1946-12-06 Anciens Ets Skoda Parafoudre
JPH0817549A (ja) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-19 Nec Corp 直流電源用避雷管

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE315166C (fr) *
DE428183C (de) * 1926-04-28 Franz Reilich UEberspannungsableiter
DE622462C (de) * 1935-11-28 Neumann Hochspannungsapp G M B UEberspannungsableiter mit Funkenstrecke und in Reihe geschaltetem Daempfungswiderstand
DE174993C (fr) * 1906-01-02
DE323370C (de) * 1919-07-29 1920-07-21 Heinrich Murr Hoernerueberspannungsschutz mit einem beweglichen Horn
DE702194C (de) * 1939-04-30 1941-02-01 Aeg UEberspannungsableiter
FR916453A (fr) * 1945-10-25 1946-12-06 Anciens Ets Skoda Parafoudre
JPH0817549A (ja) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-19 Nec Corp 直流電源用避雷管

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 96, no. 001 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10231431A1 (de) * 2002-07-11 2004-01-29 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter, druckfester Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstrecke
DE10231431B4 (de) * 2002-07-11 2014-03-20 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter, druckfester Überspannungsableiter mit einer Funkenstrecke
WO2008151861A1 (fr) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-18 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Appareil de protection contre les surtensions avec un séparateur mécanique activé en cas de surcharge thermique
CN101711417B (zh) * 2007-06-11 2012-02-01 德恩及索恩两合股份有限公司 具有在热过载情况下起动的机械式分离装置的过压保护装置
CN103311915A (zh) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 厦门大恒科技有限公司 一种动态间隙放电器
CN103311915B (zh) * 2013-06-28 2015-12-23 厦门大恒科技有限公司 一种动态间隙放电器
DE102013224720A1 (de) 2013-12-03 2015-06-03 J. Pröpster GmbH Überspannungsableiteinrichtung mit einem Überspannungsableiter und einer Löscheinheit

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