EP0792413A1 - Fuel-injection system for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel-injection system for internal-combustion engines

Info

Publication number
EP0792413A1
EP0792413A1 EP96914980A EP96914980A EP0792413A1 EP 0792413 A1 EP0792413 A1 EP 0792413A1 EP 96914980 A EP96914980 A EP 96914980A EP 96914980 A EP96914980 A EP 96914980A EP 0792413 A1 EP0792413 A1 EP 0792413A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
injection system
fuel injection
pressure
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96914980A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0792413B1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Eyberg
Rainer Burkel
Bernhard Bronkal
Norbert Knab
Martin Grosser
Andreas Werner
Bernd Spielmann
Rainer Oettinger
Peter Schubert
Klaus Scherer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0792413A1 publication Critical patent/EP0792413A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0792413B1 publication Critical patent/EP0792413B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
    • F02M69/465—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down of fuel rails

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fuel injection system is known from DE 43 18 078 AI.
  • High pressure accumulator has significant pressures that are well above
  • Leakages generally have very small cross sections, which then lead to fine-jet, barely visible escapes of fuel when fuel pressure is high in the high-pressure accumulator, in the manner of fuel injection jets that occur with fuel injection nozzles themselves.
  • Such fuel jets have significant kinetic energy, which can be destructive and, in particular, also Can endanger people who operate in the area of such high-pressure fuel stores.
  • the invention has the advantage that the escaping fuel is caught by the casing and can then be drained off, so that the aforementioned damage does not occur.
  • the sheath consists of a net-like sheath according to claim 3, which allows a maximum of flexibility and fatigue strength and still safely prevents the escape of harmful fuel jets.
  • a collecting device for the escaping fuel is particularly advantageously provided, which can advantageously be monitored by a liquid level measuring device according to claim 6. This not only avoids the dangers of fuel escaping from the high-pressure tank, but also prevents fuel from escaping uncontrollably for a long time.
  • the high-pressure container is accommodated in a particularly simple manner within a cylinder head cover which is already to be provided in the internal combustion engine and with which the gas exchange valve drive is closed to the outside, on the one hand to avoid damage and on the other hand to collect lubricating oil which is returned to the oil collection container of the internal combustion engine via an oil return.
  • This also serves to absorb leaked fuel from the high-pressure accumulator.
  • monitoring of the liquid level in the oil collecting container is advantageously provided, in particular also to ensure that the lubricating oil of the internal combustion engine does not produce excessive amounts
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a fuel injection system according to the preamble of the patent claim
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment according to the invention of a casing of the high-pressure accumulator of the fuel injection system
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a casing of the high-pressure accumulator with an essentially closed jacket made of sheet metal
  • FIG. 4 shows a third Embodiment of the invention housed within a cylinder head cover
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a fuel injection system which has a fuel reservoir 1, from which a high-pressure feed pump 3 sucks fuel via a suction line 2 and delivers it under high pressure into a high-pressure fuel reservoir 6 via a pressure line 4.
  • the fuel pressure in this high-pressure fuel reservoir is monitored by a pressure sensor 7 and the value that it outputs is compared in a control device 9 with a target value.
  • a pressure control device 10 is actuated, for example of the type that, via an adjustable valve, which is arranged in a relief line 11 of the high-pressure fuel reservoir 6, is fed back into the tank via excess fuel.
  • a plurality of fuel injection valves 12 are supplied with fuel from the high-pressure fuel reservoir via pressure lines 14.
  • the injection timing and the injection duration of fuel via these fuel injection valves is controlled electrically, for. B. by solenoid valves, which are controlled by the control unit 9 according to the requirements, for example from speed and load.
  • High-pressure fuel storage display this or act on the fuel injection system in such a way that, for. B. this is shut down or reduced to emergency operation, such a safety device is now provided according to the embodiment of the invention according to FIG.
  • the high-pressure accumulator 6 is again shown schematically. Around this is now in a first version of the
  • this envelope can also consist of a net-like structure produced in another way, e.g. B. slotted metal sheet, as is possible with expanded metal.
  • the net-like casing 15 consists of mechanically resistant material, in particular metal, surrounding the high-pressure fuel accumulator on all sides.
  • the cover can also consist of plastic or glass / carbon fiber material with high stability against escaping fuel.
  • a reduction in the enclosure can also be limited to the areas in which connections between the high-pressure fuel accumulator and other parts of the fuel injection system, in particular of a soluble type. With this covering it is prevented that fuel escaping at leaky points, which emerges at this point due to the high pressure at this point with fine kinetic energy (similar to an injection jet of an injection nozzle), causes damage.
  • a liquid level can form here, which in turn can then be detected by a liquid level measuring device 17 and is supplied to a control device 18, through which a signal device 19 or a control signal for influencing the fuel injection system is output to the control device 9. With such a signal, the fuel injection system can then be influenced in such a way that it may be stopped by switching off the high-pressure feed pump 3 or by the
  • Pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 6 is reduced to a low value via the pressure control device 10, which value may still be high enough to maintain a certain emergency operation. Or the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is completely lowered and the activity of the Injectors set to zero. Ultimately, it is also conceivable to control only a portion of the fuel injection valves if the fuel supply remains.
  • the high-pressure feed pump 3 can also be switched off by providing an electrically switchable coupling 27 between it and its drive 26, which can be switched by the control device 18, for example.
  • This clutch can be switched not only in the event of a leak described above, but also in the event of other malfunctions in the fuel injection system, for example in the event of incorrect operation of the internal combustion engine, or also in selected operating states which require a reduction in the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the shutdown of the high pressure feed pump can be checked using a test cycle.
  • a modification of the invention consists in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, in which the high-pressure fuel reservoir is now surrounded by a closed casing, which has only one outlet 21 for the fuel.
  • a collecting device 16 is provided, as in FIG. 2. This configuration ensures that the surroundings of the high-pressure accumulator are in no way subjected to fuel in the event of leakages.
  • a final embodiment according to FIG. 4 is to accommodate the high-pressure accumulator 6 within the spaces already provided in the internal combustion engine.
  • the high-pressure fuel reservoir 6 is accommodated under the cylinder head cover 23 of the internal combustion engine, which usually closes off the gas exchange valve drive to the outside and protects it from contamination, and ultimately also supplies the oil lubricating the engine via a return line 24 to the oil collection container 25 of the internal combustion engine .
  • This oil return can now also be used to remove the leakage fuel that occurs. So that the oil quality does not drop below the requirements and ultimately the leakage occurring at the high-pressure fuel accumulator can be recognized, the liquid level measuring device 17 is again provided, which works in the same way as that according to FIG. 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Proposed is a fuel-injection system for internal-combustion engines, the fuel-injection system having a high-pressure fuel reservoir (6) from which electrically controlled injector valves are supplied with fuel. In order to reduce any damage which may occur if the reservoir leaks, the reservoir is surrounded by an enclosure designed to catch any fuel which might leak out of the reservoir.

Description

Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für BrennkraftmaschinenFuel injection system for internal combustion engines
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht von einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für Brennkraftmaschinen nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1 aus. Ein solches Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist durch die DE 43 18 078 AI bekannt.The invention is based on a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a fuel injection system is known from DE 43 18 078 AI.
Bei dieser Art von Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen treten in demIn this type of fuel injection systems, the
Hochdruckspeicher erhebliche Drücke auf, die weit überHigh pressure accumulator has significant pressures that are well above
1 000 bar liegen. Da solche Hochdruckspeicher ferner auch Anschlußstellen für Druckleitungen besitzen und1,000 bar. Since such high-pressure accumulators also have connection points for pressure lines and
Anschlußstellen für die KraftstoffVersorgung, ist die Gefahr einer Undichtigkeit gegeben. Undichte Stellen weisen in der Regel sehr kleine Querschnitte auf, die dann bei dem anstehenden hohen Kraftstoffdruck im Hochdruckspeicher zu feinstrahligen, kaum sichtbaren Austritten von Kraftstoff führen, in der Art von Kraftstoffeinspritzstrahlen, wie sie bei Kraftstoffeinspritzdüsen selbst auftreten. Solche Kraftstoffstrahlen weisen eine erhebliche kinetische Energie auf, die zerstörerisch sein können und insbesondere auch Menschen, die im Bereich solcher Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher hantieren, gefährden können. Connection points for the fuel supply, there is a risk of leakage. Leakages generally have very small cross sections, which then lead to fine-jet, barely visible escapes of fuel when fuel pressure is high in the high-pressure accumulator, in the manner of fuel injection jets that occur with fuel injection nozzles themselves. Such fuel jets have significant kinetic energy, which can be destructive and, in particular, also Can endanger people who operate in the area of such high-pressure fuel stores.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die Erfindung weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, daß der austretende Kraftstoff durch die Umhüllung aufgefangen wird und dann abgeleitet werden kann, so daß die vorerwähnten Schäden nicht auftreten. In vorteilhafter Weise besteht die Umhüllung aus einer netzartig ausgebildeten Hülle gemäß Patentanspruch 3, die ein Höchstmaß an Flexibilität und Dauerfestigkeit zuläßt und dennoch sicher das Austreten von schädigenden Kraftstoffstrahlen vermeidet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist in weiterer Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 5 eine Auffangeinrichtung für den austretenden Kraftstoff vorgesehen, der vorteilhaft nach Anspruch 6 durch eine Flüssigkeitsstandmeßeinrichtung überwacht werden kann. Damit werden nicht nur die Gefahren bei Kraftstoffaustritt aus dem Hochdruckbehälter vermieden, sondern auch vermieden, daß Kraftstoff längere Zeit unkontrolliert austreten kann. In besonders einfacher Weise wird der Hochdruckbehälter innerhalb einer bereits bei der Brennkraftmaschine vorzusehenden Zylinderkopfhaube untergebracht, mit der der Gaswechselventiltrieb nach außen abgeschlossen wird, einerseits zur Vermeidung von Schäden und andererseits zum Auffangen von Schmieröl, das über einen Ölrücklauf den Olsammelbehälter der Brennkraftmaschine zurückgeführt wird. Dieser dient zugleich auch der Aufnahme von austretendem Leckkraftstoff aus dem Hochdruckspeicher. Auch hier ist in vorteilhafter Weise eine Überwachung des Flüssigkeitsstandes im Olsammelbehälter vorgesehen, insbesondere auch dafür, daß das Schmieröl der Brennkraftmaschine keine übermäßigeIn contrast, the invention has the advantage that the escaping fuel is caught by the casing and can then be drained off, so that the aforementioned damage does not occur. Advantageously, the sheath consists of a net-like sheath according to claim 3, which allows a maximum of flexibility and fatigue strength and still safely prevents the escape of harmful fuel jets. In a further embodiment, a collecting device for the escaping fuel is particularly advantageously provided, which can advantageously be monitored by a liquid level measuring device according to claim 6. This not only avoids the dangers of fuel escaping from the high-pressure tank, but also prevents fuel from escaping uncontrollably for a long time. The high-pressure container is accommodated in a particularly simple manner within a cylinder head cover which is already to be provided in the internal combustion engine and with which the gas exchange valve drive is closed to the outside, on the one hand to avoid damage and on the other hand to collect lubricating oil which is returned to the oil collection container of the internal combustion engine via an oil return. This also serves to absorb leaked fuel from the high-pressure accumulator. Here too, monitoring of the liquid level in the oil collecting container is advantageously provided, in particular also to ensure that the lubricating oil of the internal combustion engine does not produce excessive amounts
Verdünnung durch den Kraftstoff erhält und die Tatsache einer solchen beginnenden Verdünnung schnell angezeigt und/oder durch gegebenenfalls Steuereingriffe eine zu hohe Verdünung automatisch verhindert wird. ZeichnungReceives dilution by the fuel and the fact of such a beginning dilution is displayed quickly and / or excessive dilution is automatically prevented by any control interventions. drawing
In der Zeichnung sind drei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt . Sie werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert .In the drawing, three embodiments of the invention are shown. They are explained in more detail in the description below.
Es zeigen Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems gemäß der Gattung des Patentanspruchs, Figur 2 eine erste erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung einer Umhüllung des Hochdruckspeichers des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems, Figur 3 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Umhüllung des Hochdruckspeichers mit einem im wesentlichen geschlossenen Mantel aus Blech und Figur 4 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit einem innerhalb einer Zylinderkopfhaube untergebrachten1 shows a schematic illustration of a fuel injection system according to the preamble of the patent claim, FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment according to the invention of a casing of the high-pressure accumulator of the fuel injection system, FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a casing of the high-pressure accumulator with an essentially closed jacket made of sheet metal, and FIG. 4 shows a third Embodiment of the invention housed within a cylinder head cover
Hochdruckspeicher in vereinfacht schematischer Darstellung.High-pressure accumulator in a simplified schematic representation.
Beschreibung der AusfuhrungsbeispieleDescription of the exemplary embodiments
In der Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem dargestellt, das einen Kraftstoffvorratsbehalter 1 aufweist, aus dem über eine Saugleitung 2 eine Hochdruckförderpumpe 3 Kraftstoff ansaugt und über eine Druckleitung 4 unter Hochdruck in einen Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 6 fördert. Der Kraftstoffdruck in diesem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher wird durch einen Drucksensor 7 überwacht und der von ihm abgegebene Wert in einer Steuereinrichtung 9 mit einem Sollwert verglichen. Bei Abweichung wird eine Druckstell- einrichtung 10 angesteuert, z.B. der Art, daß über ein verstellbares Ventil, das in einer Entlastungsleitung 11 des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers 6 angeordnet ist, über schüssiger Kraftstoff wieder in den Tank zurückgefördert wird. Bestimmungsgemäß werden vom Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher mehrere Kraftstoffeinspritzventile 12 über Druckleitungen 14 mit Kraftstoff versorgt. Der Einspritzzeitpunkt und die Einspritzdauer von Kraftstoff über diese Kraftstoffeinspritzventile wird dabei elektrisch gesteuert, z. B. durch Magnetventile, die vom Steuergerät 9 entsprechend den Anforderungen, beispielsweise aus Drehzahl und Last, angesteuert werden.FIG. 1 schematically shows a fuel injection system which has a fuel reservoir 1, from which a high-pressure feed pump 3 sucks fuel via a suction line 2 and delivers it under high pressure into a high-pressure fuel reservoir 6 via a pressure line 4. The fuel pressure in this high-pressure fuel reservoir is monitored by a pressure sensor 7 and the value that it outputs is compared in a control device 9 with a target value. In the event of a deviation, a pressure control device 10 is actuated, for example of the type that, via an adjustable valve, which is arranged in a relief line 11 of the high-pressure fuel reservoir 6, is fed back into the tank via excess fuel. As intended, a plurality of fuel injection valves 12 are supplied with fuel from the high-pressure fuel reservoir via pressure lines 14. The injection timing and the injection duration of fuel via these fuel injection valves is controlled electrically, for. B. by solenoid valves, which are controlled by the control unit 9 according to the requirements, for example from speed and load.
Während bei bekannten Hochdruckspeicher für solcheWhile in known high pressure storage for such
Kraftstoffeinspritzsysteme keine Sicherheitsvorkehrungen getroffen sind, die bei Undichtheit desFuel injection systems no safety precautions are taken if the
Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers diese anzeigen oder steuernd auf das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einwirken, derart, daß z. B. dieses stillgelegt oder auf einen Notbetrieb reduziert wird, wird nun gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung gemäß Figur 2 eine solche Sicherheitseinrichtung vorgesehen. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 ist wiederum schematisch gezeigt der Hochdruckspeicher 6 vorgesehen. Um diesen herum ist nun in einer ersten Ausführung derHigh-pressure fuel storage display this or act on the fuel injection system in such a way that, for. B. this is shut down or reduced to emergency operation, such a safety device is now provided according to the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the high-pressure accumulator 6 is again shown schematically. Around this is now in a first version of the
Erfindung eine Hülle gelegt, die aus einem feinmaschigen Stahlnetz 15 besteht. Alternativ kann diese Umhüllung aber auch in einer anderweitig erzeugter netzartiger Struktur bestehen, z. B. geschlitztes Metallblech sein, wie es bei Streckmetall möglich ist.Invention laid a shell, which consists of a fine-mesh steel network 15. Alternatively, this envelope can also consist of a net-like structure produced in another way, e.g. B. slotted metal sheet, as is possible with expanded metal.
Vorzugsweise besteht die netzartige Umhüllung 15 aus mechanisch widerstandsfähigem Werkstoff, insbesondere Metall, den Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher allseitig umschließend. Die Umhüllung kann aber auch aus Kunstoff- oder Glas/Kohlefaser Material bestehen mit hoher Stabilität gegen austretenden Kraftstoff. Eine Reduzierung des Umschließens kann jedoch auch auf die Bereiche beschränkt sein, in denen zwischen dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und anderen Teilen des Kraftstoffemspritzsystems Verbindungen, insbesondere löslicher Art, geschaffen wurden. Mit dieser Umhüllung wird verhindert, daß an undichten Stellen austretender Kraftstoff, der infolge des hohen Druckes an dieser Stelle feinstrahlig mit hoher kinetischer Energie austritt (ähnlich einem Einspritzstrahl einer Einspritz¬ düse) , Schaden anrichtet. Mit dieser Umhüllung wird erreicht, daß an undichten Stellen austretender Kraftstoff, der infolge des hohen Druckes an dieser Stelle feinstrahlig mit hoher kinetischer Energie austritt, ähnlich einem Einspritzstrahl einer Einspritzdüse, verhindert so, daß keine solche Kraftstoffstrahlen Schaden anrichten können. Der Strahl wird durch die Umhüllung aufgefangen bzw. gebrochen und kann insbesondere handhabenden Personen im Bereich des Hochdruckspeichers nicht mehr gefährlich werden. Aufgrund der netzartigen Struktur der Umhüllung in Form eines Stahlnetzes ist diese Umhüllung sehr flexibel und kann sich den geometrischen Formen bestens anpassen. Dennoch bietet ein solches Stahlnetz oder alternative Ausgestaltungen dazu die Möglichkeit, daß der Leckkraftstoff letztlich auch aus der Umhüllung entweichen kann und in einer Auffangeinrichtung aufgefangen werden kann. Hier kann sich ein Flüssigkeitsstand ausbilden, der dann wiederum durch eine Flüssigkeitsstandmeßeinrichtung 17 erfaßt werden kann und einer Steuereinrichtung 18 zugeführt wird, durch die eine Signaleinrichtung 19 oder ein Steuersignal zur Beeinflussung des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems an die Steuereinrichtung 9 abgegeben wird. Mit einem solchen Signal kann dann das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem so beeinflußt werden, daß es unter Umständen stillgesetzt wird, indem die Hochdruckförderpumpe 3 abgeschaltet wird oder indem derPreferably, the net-like casing 15 consists of mechanically resistant material, in particular metal, surrounding the high-pressure fuel accumulator on all sides. The cover can also consist of plastic or glass / carbon fiber material with high stability against escaping fuel. However, a reduction in the enclosure can also be limited to the areas in which connections between the high-pressure fuel accumulator and other parts of the fuel injection system, in particular of a soluble type. With this covering it is prevented that fuel escaping at leaky points, which emerges at this point due to the high pressure at this point with fine kinetic energy (similar to an injection jet of an injection nozzle), causes damage. With this coating it is achieved that fuel leaking at leaks, which emerges at this point due to the high pressure at this point with high kinetic energy, similar to an injection jet of an injection nozzle, thus prevents that no such fuel jets can cause damage. The jet is caught or refracted by the sheathing and can no longer be dangerous, especially for handling personnel in the area of the high-pressure accumulator. Due to the net-like structure of the envelope in the form of a steel net, this envelope is very flexible and can adapt perfectly to the geometric shapes. Nevertheless, such a steel network or alternative designs offer the possibility that the leak fuel can ultimately escape from the casing and can be collected in a collecting device. A liquid level can form here, which in turn can then be detected by a liquid level measuring device 17 and is supplied to a control device 18, through which a signal device 19 or a control signal for influencing the fuel injection system is output to the control device 9. With such a signal, the fuel injection system can then be influenced in such a way that it may be stopped by switching off the high-pressure feed pump 3 or by the
Druck im Hochdruckspeicher 6 über die Druckstelleinrichtung 10 auf niedrigem Wert abgesenkt wird, der gegebenenfalls noch so hoch ist, um einen gewissen Notbetrieb aufrechtzuerhalten. Oder aber es wird der Druck des Hochdruckspeichers ganz abgesenkt und auch die Tätigkeit der Einspritzventile auf Null gesetzt. Letztendlich ist es auch denkbar, bei bestehend bleibender KraftstoffVersorgung nur noch einen Teil der Kraftstoffeinspritzventile anzusteuern. Eine Abschaltung der Hochdruckförderpumpe 3 kann auch dadurch geschehen, daß zwischen dieser und ihrem Antrieb 26 eine elektrisch schaltbare Kupplung 27 vorgesehen ist, die z.B. von der Steuereinrichtung 18 schaltbar ist. Diese Kupplung kan nicht nur bei Auftreten einer oben beschriebenen Undichtheit sondern auch bei anderen Fehlfunktionen des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems, z.B. bei fehlerhaftem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine geschaltet werden, oder auch bei ausgesuchten Betriebszuständen, die eine Absenken des Druckes im Hochdruckspeicher erfordern geschaltet werden. Die Abschaltung der Hochdruckförderpumpe kann mittels eines testzyklusses überprüft werden.Pressure in the high-pressure accumulator 6 is reduced to a low value via the pressure control device 10, which value may still be high enough to maintain a certain emergency operation. Or the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is completely lowered and the activity of the Injectors set to zero. Ultimately, it is also conceivable to control only a portion of the fuel injection valves if the fuel supply remains. The high-pressure feed pump 3 can also be switched off by providing an electrically switchable coupling 27 between it and its drive 26, which can be switched by the control device 18, for example. This clutch can be switched not only in the event of a leak described above, but also in the event of other malfunctions in the fuel injection system, for example in the event of incorrect operation of the internal combustion engine, or also in selected operating states which require a reduction in the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator. The shutdown of the high pressure feed pump can be checked using a test cycle.
Eine Abwandlung der Erfindung besteht in der Ausgestaltung nach Figur 3, in der der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher nun von einer geschlossenen Umhüllung umgeben wird, die lediglich einen Ablauf 21 für den Kraftstoff aufweist. Auch hier ist wiederum eine Auffangeinrichtung 16 in der Art wie bei Figur 2 vorgesehen. Mit dieser Ausgestaltung wird gewährleistet, daß die Umgebung des Hochdruckspeichers bei auftretenden Leckagen in keiner Weise mit Kraftstoff beaufschlagt wird.A modification of the invention consists in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, in which the high-pressure fuel reservoir is now surrounded by a closed casing, which has only one outlet 21 for the fuel. Here, too, a collecting device 16 is provided, as in FIG. 2. This configuration ensures that the surroundings of the high-pressure accumulator are in no way subjected to fuel in the event of leakages.
Eine letzte Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 4 besteht darin, den Hochdruckspeicher 6 innerhalb bereits bei der Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehenen Räume unterzubringen. Dies geschieht in diesem Falle dadurch, daß der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 6 unter der Zylinderkopfhaube 23 der Brennkraftmaschine untergebracht wird, die üblicherweise den Gaswechselventiltrieb nach außen abschließt und diesen vor Verschmutzung schützt und letztendlich auch das das Triebwerk schmierende Öl über eine Rücklaufleitung 24 den Olsammelbehälter 25 der Brennkraftmaschine zuführt. Über diesen Ölrücklauf kann nun auch der auftretende Leckkraftstoff abgeführt werden. Damit die Ölqualität nicht unter die Anforderungen sinkt und damit letztendlich auch die auftretende Leckage am Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher erkennbar werden, ist wiederum die Flüssigkeitsstandme߬ einrichtung 17 vorgesehen, die in gleicher Weise arbeitet wie die nach Figur 2.A final embodiment according to FIG. 4 is to accommodate the high-pressure accumulator 6 within the spaces already provided in the internal combustion engine. In this case, this is done in that the high-pressure fuel reservoir 6 is accommodated under the cylinder head cover 23 of the internal combustion engine, which usually closes off the gas exchange valve drive to the outside and protects it from contamination, and ultimately also supplies the oil lubricating the engine via a return line 24 to the oil collection container 25 of the internal combustion engine . about This oil return can now also be used to remove the leakage fuel that occurs. So that the oil quality does not drop below the requirements and ultimately the leakage occurring at the high-pressure fuel accumulator can be recognized, the liquid level measuring device 17 is again provided, which works in the same way as that according to FIG. 2.
Mit der Ausgestaltung gemäß der Erfindung wird somit eine Einrichtung geschaffen, bei der mit Sicherheit Schäden, die aufgrund von Leckverlusten am Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems auftreten, vermieden werden und andererseits auch rechtzeitig erkannt werden, um entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen zu treffen. With the configuration according to the invention, a device is thus created in which damage which occurs due to leakage losses in the high-pressure fuel reservoir of the fuel injection system is avoided with certainty and, on the other hand, is also recognized in good time in order to take appropriate countermeasures.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer Hochdruckfδrderpumpe (3) , die Kraftstoff in einen1. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines with a high-pressure pump (3), the fuel in one
Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher (6) fördert, aus dem mehrere Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen (12) über Druckleitungen (14) mit Kraftstoff versorgt werden, gesteuert durch elektrisch gesteuerte Ventile, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hochdruckspeicher (6) eine Leckkraftstoffauffangeinrichtung aufweist in Form einer zumindest teilweisen Umhüllung (15, 20, 26) des Hochdruckspeichers.High-pressure fuel reservoir (6) delivers, from which several fuel injection valves (12) are supplied with fuel via pressure lines (14), controlled by electrically controlled valves, characterized in that the high-pressure reservoir (6) has a leakage fuel collecting device in the form of an at least partial casing (15, 20, 26) of the high pressure accumulator.
2. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung wenigsten eine Aus¬ trittsoffnung (21, 24) für Leckkraftstoff aufweist.2. Fuel injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheath has at least one outlet opening (21, 24) for leak fuel.
3. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung aus Kunststoff oder Glasfaser besteht.3. Fuel injection system according to claim 2, characterized in that the covering consists of plastic or glass fiber.
4. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung aus einer netzartig aus¬ gebildeten Hülle aus Metall besteht.4. Fuel injection system according to claim 2, characterized in that the sheath consists of a mesh-like metal shell.
5. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülle ein Stahlnetz (15) ist.5. Fuel injection system according to claim 4, characterized in that the casing is a steel net (15).
6. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Umhüllung (15) eine mit einem Kraftstoffrücklauf versehene Auffangein¬ richtung (16, 25) für von der Umhüllung ablaufenden Kraftstoff angeordnet ist.6. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that below the casing (15) a collecting device (16, 25), which is provided with a fuel return, for fuel flowing out of the casing is arranged.
7. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Auffangeinrichtung (16, 25) eine Flüssigkeitsstandmeßeinrichtung (17) aufweist, durch die ein Steuersignal bei Erreichen eines bestimmten Flüssigkeits¬ stands abgegeben wird, durch das eine Anzeigeeinrichtung ( 19) oder eine Steuereinrichtung (9) steuerbar ist.7. Fuel injection system according to claim 5, characterized in that the collecting device (16, 25) has a liquid level measuring device (17) by which a control signal is emitted when a certain liquid level is reached, by means of a display device (19) or a control device (9) is controllable.
8. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hülle von der Zylinderkopfhaube (23) der Brennkraftmaschine gebildet wird und der Leckkraftstoff über den Ölrücklauf (24) des Gaswechselventiltriebwerkes in den Olsammelbehälter (25) der Brennkraftmaschine abgeführt wird.8. Fuel injection system according to claim 2, characterized in that the casing is formed by the cylinder head cover (23) of the internal combustion engine and the leak fuel is discharged via the oil return (24) of the gas exchange valve engine into the oil collecting tank (25) of the internal combustion engine.
9. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Olsammelbehälter (25) eine Flüssig- keitsstandmeßvorrichtung (17) vorgesehen ist, durch die ein Anstieg des Flüssigkeitsstandes im Olsammelbehälter (25) erfaßbar ist und durch die bei Erreichen eines bestimmten Flüssigkeitsstandes eine Anzeigevorrichtung (19) oder eine Steuereinrichtung (9) steuerbar ist.9. Fuel injection system according to claim 8, characterized in that in the oil collecting container (25) a liquid level measuring device (17) is provided, through which an increase in the liquid level in the oil collecting container (25) can be detected and by which when a certain liquid level is reached a display device ( 19) or a control device (9) can be controlled.
10. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung eine allseitige Umhüllung ist.10. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the covering is an all-round covering.
11. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem insbesondere nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, mit einer von einem Antrieb (26) angetriebene Hochdruckförderpumpe (3) , die Kraftstoff in einen Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher (6) fördert, aus dem wenigstens ein von einer Steuereinrichtung (9) elektrisch gesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzventil (12) über eine Druckleitung (14) mit Kraftstoff versorgt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Einrichtung (18) zur Erfassung von bestimmten Betriebszuständen oder von Fehlfunktion des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems, wie Undichtheit der Hochdruck führenden Teile des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems oder fehlerhaftes Laufverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine, durch die eine elektrisch schaltbare Kupplung (27) zwischen Hochdruckförderpumpe und Antrieb (26) zum Abschalten des Antriebs (26) der Hochdruckförderpumpe (3) schaltbar ist. 11. Fuel injection system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, with a high-pressure feed pump (3) driven by a drive (26), which pumps fuel into a high-pressure fuel reservoir (6), from which at least one of a control device (9) is electrical Controlled fuel injection valve (12) is supplied with fuel via a pressure line (14), characterized in that a device (18) for detecting certain operating states or malfunction of the fuel injection system, such as leaks in the high-pressure parts of the fuel injection system or faulty running behavior of the internal combustion engine, through which an electrically switchable coupling (27) can be switched between the high-pressure feed pump and the drive (26) for switching off the drive (26) of the high-pressure feed pump (3).
EP96914980A 1995-09-14 1996-04-24 Fuel-injection system for internal-combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0792413B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19534050A DE19534050A1 (en) 1995-09-14 1995-09-14 Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
DE19534050 1995-09-14
PCT/EP1996/001700 WO1997010431A1 (en) 1995-09-14 1996-04-24 Fuel-injection system for internal-combustion engines

Publications (2)

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EP0792413A1 true EP0792413A1 (en) 1997-09-03
EP0792413B1 EP0792413B1 (en) 2001-11-21

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US (1) US6079391A (en)
EP (1) EP0792413B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10509229A (en)
KR (1) KR970707381A (en)
DE (2) DE19534050A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2168473T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1997010431A1 (en)

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DE19534050A1 (en) 1997-03-20
KR970707381A (en) 1997-12-01
US6079391A (en) 2000-06-27
EP0792413B1 (en) 2001-11-21
JPH10509229A (en) 1998-09-08
ES2168473T3 (en) 2002-06-16
DE59608260D1 (en) 2002-01-03
WO1997010431A1 (en) 1997-03-20

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