EP0791690B1 - A device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete underground walls - Google Patents
A device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete underground walls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0791690B1 EP0791690B1 EP97102378A EP97102378A EP0791690B1 EP 0791690 B1 EP0791690 B1 EP 0791690B1 EP 97102378 A EP97102378 A EP 97102378A EP 97102378 A EP97102378 A EP 97102378A EP 0791690 B1 EP0791690 B1 EP 0791690B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- excavating head
- excavating
- excavation
- walls
- inclination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/46—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor
- E02F3/47—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor with grab buckets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
- E02F3/22—Component parts
- E02F3/26—Safety or control devices
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of excavations for constructing concrete underground walls. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for said constructions.
- Each panel is constructed in an excavation generally of rectangular cross section elongated in the direction of the curtain.
- the short sides of the rectangular cross section are located adjacent the short sides of the near panels.
- Excavation is performed by a grab bucket or a drilling bucket with two, four or more toothed rotary boring tools.
- the wall of the underground wall has no break in continuity, i.e. all adjacent panels must contact throughout the whole depth. Therefore, the long sides and short sides of each panel must be vertical. Moreover, helical torsion of a single panel has to be avoided. It is actually possible that some panels, although being contiguous at the top and having vertical axes, form gaps therebetween under a certain depth due to torsion about the vertical axis. Verticality of the panel sides during excavation is so of primary importance.
- WO 94/21864 discloses a device for maintaining the vertical excavation direction of a subterranean curtain.
- the device comprises an outer guiding body suspended to an excavator by a rope.
- a hydraulic clamshell is mounted to an orientable body linked within the outer guiding body so as to correct the excavation inclination relative to the plane of the curtain.
- Inclination detectors are mounted to the outer and/or inner orientable body. The signals from the detectors are transmitted to a control device which, in the event of the deviation of the clamshell body from the predetermined vertical direction, compensates therefor by pivoting the inner body in relation to the guide in the opposite direction to that of the deviation.
- JP-A-3-241 118 discloses an excavator of underground continuous walls making use of an automatic system for correction inclination of the excavation. Twelve movable surfaces are mounted to the excavating head, six at a higher level and six at a lower level. Said surfaces can be singularly urged towards or retracted from the excavation walls perpendicularly thereto for engaging said walls in sliding contact so as to correct the position of the excavating head and eliminate play relative to the excavation walls.
- Document EP-A-0.518.298 discloses a device for adjusting the inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete underground walls; the device comprises a plurality (six) of movable surfaces. To accomplish to all the movements of the six surfaces the device needs twelve actuator means with respective hinges. Such a device, obviously, needs corresponding sensors means associated to the actuator means to accomplish to the various movements of the surfaces, therefore it is a very complicate and expensive device.
- numeral 3 designates the body of a conventional excavating bucket suspended to a rope 6.
- the excavating bucket 3 is fitted with lower clamshells 1 and 2, opened and closed via suitable power transmission means schematically designated at 7.
- These means may indifferently be mechanical (such as rope means), electric (cables) or hydraulic (conduits).
- a pair of movable guides 4 and 5 mounted to the vertical sides of the excavating bucket body 3.
- Guides 4, 5 are movable in both the vertical, longitudinal excavation plane and the vertical plane perpendicular to said excavation plane.
- the guides 4 and 5 have a C-shaped cross section with the open portions of the section facing the excavating bucket body 3.
- Each guide has three outer walls: a side wall (41 and 51), and two front opposite walls (42, 43 and 52, 53).
- the guides have a C-shaped cross section wide enough not to interfere with the body 3 of the excavating head as they move relative thereto.
- the guides may be mounted spaced apart from the body 3 in such manner to avoid any contact with it. The example illustrated in the drawings shows that the distance between the opposite front walls of each guide is greater than the thickness of body 3.
- the guides 4 and 5 are secured to the body of the excavating bucket through lower pivotal connections 8 and 9 which allow each respective guide to accomplish rotation (see arrow A, FIG. 1) in either direction of rotation about a horizontal geometrical axis passing through both pivotal connections. Furthermore, each guide is provided with a further lower pivotal connection 15, 16 allowing rotation (arrow B, FIG. 1) about horizontal axes substantially perpendicular to the plane of the continuous underground wall (subterranean curtain) to be constructed.
- the lower pivotal connections 8, 9 as shown in the drawings may obviously be replaced by equivalent binding means, e.g. ball-and-socket joints (not shown), allowing any combination of the rotations shown by arrows A and B.
- each guide is secured to actuators 10, 11, respectively, capable of pushing and pulling the guide horizontally, in the plane of the underground wall (as indicated by arrow C, FIG. 1) as well as perpendicularly to said plane (arrow D, FIG. 1).
- actuators 10 and 11 are independent of each other and should be able to operate simultaneously in the same or opposite way, to the extent required for correcting inclination of the excavating head, as will be more apparent hereinafter.
- Actuators 10 and 11, which may have a mechanical, electric or hydraulic control may be either connected to the power transmission means controlling the excavating device or independent power transmission means. These may be of different kind (mechanic, electric or hydraulic) from those provided for operating the excavating instrument (bucket, drill, etc.).
- the device according to the present invention allows to carry out all the possible corrections of the inclination.
- FIG. 2 to divert the excavation sideways (arrow E) in the plane of the underground wall it is sufficient to extend actuator 10 and withdraw actuator 11 in the same horizontal direction (arrows C).
- FIG. 3 to divert the excavation frontally (arrow F) in a plane perpendicular to that of the underground wall, both actuators 10, 11 are extended parallel in the same direction as indicated by arrow D.
- the actuators 10 and 11 have to be activated in parallel and opposite horizontal directions (arrows D1 and D2).
- the device of this invention provides also for combined corrections of verticality and torsion by suitably controlling rotation of the guides and so attain any possible correction resulting from the combination of two or more of the arrows E, F and G depicted in FIGS. 2 to 4.
- this is accomplished in accordance with the present invention by the provision of only two side guiding means.
- guides 4 and 5 may be mutually connected by horizontal rods 12 and 13 secured so as to allow rotation and torsion shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
- the guides 4 and 5 may have different shapes from the C one described and illustrated, as far as they have walls adapted to engage the walls of the excavation sideways and/or frontally in order to effect the required deviation.
- the excavating bucket (or drill or other excavating means used) is fitted with sensors (not shown for simplicity) for detecting all data concerning position and inclination of the excavation at the point of the excavating head. These sensors are connected to an on-surface electronic processing unit for controlling correction of inclination and/or torsion in response to errors being possibly detected. The correction may be performed automatically or manually by an operator.
- the sensors can be mounted on the body 3 of the excavating head and/or the movable guides.
- Said sensors comprise: two inclination detectors, one for sensing inclination in the vertical plane of the underground wall and the other for detecting inclination in the vertical plane perpendicular to said plane of the underground wall; a gyroscope for orientation about the excavation axis; and a depth detector for measuring depth.
- a sum of increments calculation method allows to know the position of the excavating tool at any depth during the falling step, and particularly the final position relative to the ideal position.
- the extent of the distance between the excavating bucket and the walls of the excavation may be gauged by an ultrasonic system of known kind (not shown).
- the overall available data (concerning distance from the walls of the excavation, depth, inclination) provide continuous information which enables to know the instantaneous shape of the excavation and modify it if necessary.
- the comparison between the ideal shape of the excavation provides the correction to be made to reduce and nullify any error. Correction can be carried out automatically or by an operator.
Description
- The present invention falls within the field of excavations for constructing concrete underground walls. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for said constructions.
- There are known underground walls composed of a series of adjacent panels. Each panel is constructed in an excavation generally of rectangular cross section elongated in the direction of the curtain. The short sides of the rectangular cross section are located adjacent the short sides of the near panels. Excavation is performed by a grab bucket or a drilling bucket with two, four or more toothed rotary boring tools.
- For the stability and efficiency of the work it is important that the wall of the underground wall has no break in continuity, i.e. all adjacent panels must contact throughout the whole depth. Therefore, the long sides and short sides of each panel must be vertical. Moreover, helical torsion of a single panel has to be avoided. It is actually possible that some panels, although being contiguous at the top and having vertical axes, form gaps therebetween under a certain depth due to torsion about the vertical axis. Verticality of the panel sides during excavation is so of primary importance.
- Verticality errors are caused by irregularities in the soil and rocks lying on the vertical excavation axis, whilst torsion errors are due to the twisting of the rope during rising and falling of the excavating head.
- At present, most buckets or other devices for excavating continuous underground walls are provided with guide elements for limiting deviation from the vertical line. Recent kinds of such elements are capable of accomplishing adjusting movements for correcting the inclination of the excavation and are fitted with sensors for detecting the direction and the extent of a verticality error.
- WO 94/21864 discloses a device for maintaining the vertical excavation direction of a subterranean curtain. The device comprises an outer guiding body suspended to an excavator by a rope. A hydraulic clamshell is mounted to an orientable body linked within the outer guiding body so as to correct the excavation inclination relative to the plane of the curtain. Inclination detectors are mounted to the outer and/or inner orientable body. The signals from the detectors are transmitted to a control device which, in the event of the deviation of the clamshell body from the predetermined vertical direction, compensates therefor by pivoting the inner body in relation to the guide in the opposite direction to that of the deviation.
- JP-A-3-241 118 discloses an excavator of underground continuous walls making use of an automatic system for correction inclination of the excavation. Twelve movable surfaces are mounted to the excavating head, six at a higher level and six at a lower level. Said surfaces can be singularly urged towards or retracted from the excavation walls perpendicularly thereto for engaging said walls in sliding contact so as to correct the position of the excavating head and eliminate play relative to the excavation walls.
- Document EP-A-0.518.298 discloses a device for adjusting the inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete underground walls; the device comprises a plurality (six) of movable surfaces. To accomplish to all the movements of the six surfaces the device needs twelve actuator means with respective hinges. Such a device, obviously, needs corresponding sensors means associated to the actuator means to accomplish to the various movements of the surfaces, therefore it is a very complicate and expensive device.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for correcting the excavation inclination whereby inclination can be adjusted in the plane of the wall as well as in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane of the wall and also torsion about the vertical line can be corrected.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of simple construction capable of performing all the adjustments required through a reduced number of controls, thereby being easier to direct.
- In accordance with one aspect of the invention as claimed, these objects are accomplished by the provision of a device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete underground walls, as claimed in
claim 1. - In order that the present invention may be well understood there will now be described a preferred embodiment thereof, given by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1
- is an exploded perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of the device of this invention applied to a an excavating bucket; and
- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4
- schematically depict a number of operations which the device of FIG. 1 is capable of carrying out.
- With reference initially to FIG. 1,
numeral 3 designates the body of a conventional excavating bucket suspended to a rope 6. The excavatingbucket 3 is fitted withlower clamshells - Although the present example refers to a bucket excavating means, it is understood that the device of this invention is equally applicable to excavating apparatuses of different kind, for example those exploiting drilling means.
- In accordance with the present invention, coupled to the excavating bucket is a pair of
movable guides bucket body 3.Guides - In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, the
guides bucket body 3. Each guide has three outer walls: a side wall (41 and 51), and two front opposite walls (42, 43 and 52, 53). Preferably, the guides have a C-shaped cross section wide enough not to interfere with thebody 3 of the excavating head as they move relative thereto. As an alternative, the guides may be mounted spaced apart from thebody 3 in such manner to avoid any contact with it. The example illustrated in the drawings shows that the distance between the opposite front walls of each guide is greater than the thickness ofbody 3. - The
guides pivotal connections pivotal connection pivotal connections - The top portion of each guide is secured to
actuators actuators Actuators - Owing to the lower linkage which allows the lateral guides to accomplish single (arrows A and B) or combined rotation in vertical planes under the action of respective actuators, the device according to the present invention allows to carry out all the possible corrections of the inclination. As shown in FIG. 2, to divert the excavation sideways (arrow E) in the plane of the underground wall it is sufficient to extend
actuator 10 and withdrawactuator 11 in the same horizontal direction (arrows C). Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3, to divert the excavation frontally (arrow F) in a plane perpendicular to that of the underground wall, bothactuators actuators - Obviously, the device of this invention provides also for combined corrections of verticality and torsion by suitably controlling rotation of the guides and so attain any possible correction resulting from the combination of two or more of the arrows E, F and G depicted in FIGS. 2 to 4. Advantageously, this is accomplished in accordance with the present invention by the provision of only two side guiding means.
- Still referring to FIG. 1, the upper end portions of
guides horizontal rods - Alternatively, the
guides - The excavating bucket (or drill or other excavating means used) is fitted with sensors (not shown for simplicity) for detecting all data concerning position and inclination of the excavation at the point of the excavating head. These sensors are connected to an on-surface electronic processing unit for controlling correction of inclination and/or torsion in response to errors being possibly detected. The correction may be performed automatically or manually by an operator.
- The sensors can be mounted on the
body 3 of the excavating head and/or the movable guides. Said sensors comprise: two inclination detectors, one for sensing inclination in the vertical plane of the underground wall and the other for detecting inclination in the vertical plane perpendicular to said plane of the underground wall; a gyroscope for orientation about the excavation axis; and a depth detector for measuring depth. A sum of increments calculation method allows to know the position of the excavating tool at any depth during the falling step, and particularly the final position relative to the ideal position. - The extent of the distance between the excavating bucket and the walls of the excavation may be gauged by an ultrasonic system of known kind (not shown). The overall available data (concerning distance from the walls of the excavation, depth, inclination) provide continuous information which enables to know the instantaneous shape of the excavation and modify it if necessary.
- The comparison between the ideal shape of the excavation provides the correction to be made to reduce and nullify any error. Correction can be carried out automatically or by an operator.
Claims (2)
- A device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete. underground walls, of the type comprising a plurality of movable surfaces mounted to the excavating head (3) and capable of being selectively urged against the walls of the excavation; characterised in that said surfaces are comprised of only a pair of rigid, substantially vertical guide means (4, 5) mounted on two opposite vertical sides of the excavating head and having a C-shaped cross section, with the open portions of the section facing the body (3) of the excavating head; the bottom portions of each guide means (4, 5) being linked to the excavating head by respective pivotal connections (8, 15; 9, 16) rotatable about two horizontal axes which are perpendicular to each other so as to accomplish rotation in vertical planes by means of a respective, independent upper actuator means (10, 11).
- A device according to claim 1 characterised in that each of said actuator means (10, 11) is capable of acting along perpendicular directions (C, D) in a substantially horizontal plane.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT96TO000125A IT1285259B1 (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1996-02-26 | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE INCLINATION OF AN EXCAVATION HEAD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMs. |
ITTO960125 | 1996-02-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0791690A1 EP0791690A1 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
EP0791690B1 true EP0791690B1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
EP0791690B2 EP0791690B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
Family
ID=11414296
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97102378A Expired - Lifetime EP0791690B2 (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1997-02-14 | A device for adjusting inclination of an excavating head for constructing concrete underground walls |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0791690B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1119467C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69711969T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2176537T5 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1285259B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2771429B1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2000-02-18 | Sol Comp Du | VERTICAL CORRECTION DRILL BUCKET |
FR2785946B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2001-01-26 | Spie Fond S | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LOCATING A WELL, A TOOL AND A DRILLING AND BORING UNIT |
JP3613144B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2005-01-26 | コベルコ建機株式会社 | Groove excavator, groove wall shape display method and groove wall shape correction method in groove excavator |
FR2825393B1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-11-07 | Cie Du Sol | DRILL BUCKET WITH IMPROVED VERTICALITY CONTROL SYSTEM |
EP1630297A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-03-01 | BAUER Maschinen GmbH | Method of making concrete underground walls and device therefor |
GB2417942B (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2008-04-09 | Cementation Found Skanska Ltd | Method and apparatus for excavation of a trench |
ITTO20050503A1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-23 | Soilmec Spa | DEVICE AND METHOD OF MIXTURE OF LAND ON THE SITE FOR THE FORMATION OF UNDERGROUND WALLS OR DIAPHRAGMS. |
EP1964980A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-03 | Etienne Heirwegh | Excavating means and method to cast in-situ cast walls |
DE102007035591B3 (en) | 2007-07-30 | 2008-10-23 | Bauer Maschinen Gmbh | Civil engineering device for creating slots in the ground |
CN101440626B (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2010-12-22 | 北京市三一重机有限公司 | Swing type deviation rectifying apparatus |
CN101440624B (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2011-01-19 | 北京市三一重机有限公司 | Self-adjusting guide means |
CN103306603B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-10-07 | 葛洲坝集团基础工程有限公司 | Method for correcting error in a kind of diaphragm wall unit groove sector hole |
CN108064535A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-05-25 | 广西田阳煦日农业科技发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to dig non-irrigated lotus root structure |
EP3725955A1 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-21 | BAUER Maschinen GmbH | Slotted wall gripper and method for creating a slot in the ground |
KR102192275B1 (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2020-12-17 | 손재방 | Adjustable wall grab for excavation |
CN113323046B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-11-26 | 徐州徐工基础工程机械有限公司 | Righting device of double-wheel slot milling machine |
CN115045355B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-06-06 | 中交二公局铁路建设有限公司 | Grab bucket assembly device of grooving machine for grabbing and breaking anchor cable and application method of grab bucket assembly device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2781140A (en) * | 1955-10-20 | 1957-02-12 | Shaft Machines Ltd | Mucking machine |
DE3602387C1 (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1987-06-04 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Device for introducing a substantially vertical bottom slot |
DE3615068C1 (en) * | 1986-05-03 | 1987-10-08 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Rope-guided trench-wall grab |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4718504A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1988-01-12 | Tone Boring Co., Ltd. | Trench excavator |
DE3805868A1 (en) * | 1988-02-25 | 1989-09-07 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Rope-guided trench-wall grab |
JPH07119473B2 (en) | 1990-02-19 | 1995-12-20 | 株式会社フジタ | Automatic excavation equipment for trenches for underground walls |
DE4119212C2 (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1996-06-27 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | Process for milling a diaphragm wall |
DE4309233C1 (en) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-07-21 | Leffer Stahl & App | Method and device for precisely maintaining the vertical direction of excavation of a diaphragm wall |
-
1996
- 1996-02-26 IT IT96TO000125A patent/IT1285259B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-02-14 DE DE69711969T patent/DE69711969T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-14 EP EP97102378A patent/EP0791690B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-14 ES ES97102378T patent/ES2176537T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-25 CN CN97102555.XA patent/CN1119467C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2781140A (en) * | 1955-10-20 | 1957-02-12 | Shaft Machines Ltd | Mucking machine |
DE3602387C1 (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1987-06-04 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Device for introducing a substantially vertical bottom slot |
DE3615068C1 (en) * | 1986-05-03 | 1987-10-08 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Rope-guided trench-wall grab |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Technical Brochure "Schlitzwandfräse Bauer MBC 30"; 02/1992 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69711969D1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
EP0791690A1 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
DE69711969T3 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
EP0791690B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
ITTO960125A1 (en) | 1997-08-26 |
CN1162673A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
IT1285259B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
ES2176537T3 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
CN1119467C (en) | 2003-08-27 |
ITTO960125A0 (en) | 1996-02-26 |
ES2176537T5 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
DE69711969T2 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
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