Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/042—Acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
  • C11D17/0021—Aqueous microemulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/162—Organic compounds containing Si
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2072—Aldehydes-ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/50—Perfumes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/123—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from carboxylic acids, e.g. sulfosuccinates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C11D2111/14—

Definitions

• This invention relates to an improved all-purpose liquid cleaner in the form of a liquid crystal or a microemulsion designed in particular for cleaning hard surfaces and which is effective in removing grease soil and/or bath soil and in leaving unrinsed surfaces with a shiny appearance.
• all-purpose liquid detergents have become widely accepted for cleaning hard surfaces, e.g., painted woodwork and panels, tiled walls, wash bowls, bathtubs, linoleum or tile floors, washable wall paper, etc.
• Such all-purpose liquids comprise clear and opaque aqueous mixtures of water-soluble synthetic organic detergents and water-soluble detergent builder salts.
• use of water-soluble inorganic phosphate builder salts was favored in the prior art all-purpose liquids.
• such early phosphate-containing compositions are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,560,839; 3,234,138; 3,350,319; and British Patent No. 1 ,223,739.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,017,409 teaches that a mixture of paraffin sulfonate and a reduced concentration of inorganic phosphate builder salt should be employed.
• such compositions are not completely acceptable from an environmental point of view based upon the phosphate content.
• another alternative to achieving phosphate-free all-purpose liquids has been to use a major proportion of a mixture of anionic and nonionic detergents with minor amounts of glycol ether solvent and organic amine as shown in U.S. Patent NO. 3,935,130. Again, this approach has not been completely satisfactory and the high levels of organic detergents necessary to achieve cleaning cause foaming which, in turn, leads to the need for thorough rinsing which has been found to be undesirable to today's consumers.
• an o/w microemulsion is a spontaneously forming colloidal dispersion of "oil” phase particles having a particle size in the range of 25 A to 800 A in a continuous aqueous phase.
• Patent disclosures relating to use of grease-removal solvents in o/w microemulsions include, for example, European Patent Applications EP 0137615 and EP 0137616 - Herbots et al; European Patent Application EP 0160762 - Johnston et al; and U.S. Patent No. 4,561 ,991 - Herbots et al. Each of these patent disclosures also teaches using at least 5% by weight of grease-removal solvent.
• compositions of this invention described by Herbots et al. require at least 5% of the mixture of grease-removal solvent and magnesium salt and preferably at least 5% of solvent (which may be a mixture of water-immiscible non-polar solvent with a sparingly soluble slightly polar solvent) and at least 0.1% magnesium salt.
• Liquid detergent compositions which include terpenes, such as d-limonene, or other grease-removal solvent, although not disclosed to be in the form of o/w microemulsions, are the subject matter of the following representative patent documents: European Patent Application 0080749; British Patent Specification 1 ,603,047; 4,414,128; and 4,540,505.
• European Patent Application 0080749 British Patent Specification 1 ,603,047; 4,414,128; and 4,540,505.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,414,128 broadly discloses an aqueous liquid detergent composition characterized by, by weight: (a) from 1 % to 20% of a synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant or mixture thereof;
• Other ingredients present in the formulations disclosed in this patent include from 0.05% to 2% by weight of an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium soap of a C13-C24 fatty acid; a calcium sequestrant from 0.5% to 13% by weight; non-aqueous solvent, e.g., alcohols and glycol ethers, up to 10% by weight; and hydrotropes, e.g., urea, ethanolamines, salts of lower alkylaryl sulfonates, up to 10% by weight. All of the formulations shown in the Examples of this patent include relatively large amounts of detergent builder salts which are detrimental to surface shine.
• the present inventors have observed that in formulations containing grease-removal assisting magnesium compounds, the addition of minor amounts of builder salts, such as alkali metal polyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates, nitrilotriacetic acid salts, and so on, tends to make it more difficult to form stable microemulsion systems.
• builder salts such as alkali metal polyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates, nitrilotriacetic acid salts, and so on, tends to make it more difficult to form stable microemulsion systems.
• U.S. Patent 5,082,584 discloses a microemulsion composition having an anionic surfactant, a cosurfactant, nonionic surfactant, perfume and water; however, these compositions do not possess the low ecotoxicity profile and the improved interfacial tension properties as exhibited by the compositions of the instant invention.
• British Patent No 1 ,453,385 discloses polyesterified nonionic surfactants similar to the polyesterified nonionic surfactants of the instant invention. However, these nonionic surfactants of British Patent 1 ,453,385 do not disclose the formula (II) portion of the instant composition. Additionally, the formulated compositions of British Patent 1 ,453,385 fail to disclose the critical limitations of the instant invention.
• the present invention provides an improved, clear, liquid cleaning composition having improved interfacial tension which improves cleaning hard surface in the form of a liquid crystal or a microemulsion which is suitable for cleaning hard surfaces such as plastic, vitreous and metal surfaces having a shiny finish.
• the improved cleaning compositions exhibit good grease soil removal properties due to the improved interfacial tensions, when used in undiluted (neat) form and leave the cleaned surfaces shiny without the need of or requiring only minimal additional rinsing or wiping.
• the latter characteristic is evidenced by little or no visible residues on the unrinsed cleaned surfaces and, accordingly, overcomes one of the disadvantages of prior art products.
• the instant compositions exhibit a grease release effect in that the instant compositions impede or decrease the anchoring of greasy soil on surfaces that have been cleaned with the instant compositions as compared to surfaces cleaned with a liquid crystal composition or a commercial microemulsion composition which means that the grease soiled surface is easier to clean upon subsequent cleanings.
• these desirable results are accomplished even in the absence of polyphosphate or other inorganic or organic detergent builder salts and also in the complete absence or substantially complete absence of grease-removal solvent.
• the instant compositions are more friendly for the environment due to the low ecotoxicity of the ethoxylated glycerol type compounds used in the instant compositions.
• compositions of the instant invention have an ecotoxocity value as measured by the LC 50 test as deferred by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)(of which the United States is a member) in OECD Test No. 202 of at least 0.18 ml/L measured on Daphniae microorganisms.
• OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
• the invention generally provides a stable, clear all-purpose, hard surface cleaning composition especially effective in the removal of oily and greasy oil, which is in the form of a substantially dilute oil-in-water microemulsion having an aqueous phase and an oil phase.
• the dilute o/w microemulsion includes, on a weight basis: from 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant; from 0.1% to 50% of a water-mixable cosurfactant having either limited ability or substantially no ability to dissolve oily or greasy soil;
• the invention generally provides a stable, clear all-purpose, hard surface cleaning composition especially effective in the removal of oily and greasy oil, which is in the form of a substantially dilute oil-in-water microemulsion having an aqueous phase and an oil phase.
• the aqueous phase of the dilute o/w microemulsion includes, on a weight basis: from 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant; from 0.1% to 50% of a water-mixable cosurfactant having either limited ability or substantially no ability to dissolve oily or greasy soil; 0.4% to 1.0% of a trialkyl ester of citric acid;
• a mixture of a partially esterified ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, a fully esterified ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, and a nonesterified polyhydric alcohol (said mixture being herein after referred to as an ethoxylated glycerol type compound); 0 to 15% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; 0.4 to 10.0% of a perfume or water insoluble hydrocarbon; and
• the invention generally provides a stable, clear all-purpose, hard surface cleaning composition especially effective in the removal of particulate soil, which is in the form of a substantially dilute oil-in-water microemulsion having an aqueous phase and an oil phase.
• the dilute o/w microemulsion includes, on a weight basis: from 0.1% to 20% of an anionic surfactant; from 0.1% to 50% of a water-mixable cosurfactant having either limited ability or substantially no ability to dissolve oily or greasy soil;
• composition can also contain 0 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 1 to 7 wt. % of a monoester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula
• Two of the B's are hydrogen and one B is selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• This composition can also contain 0 to 2 wt. %, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of a diester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula 8 R' CH2 O (CH2CH O ) x B
• One of the B's is hydrogen and two B's are selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• This composition can also contain 0 to 1.0 wt. %, more preferably 0.02 to 0.6 wt. % of a triester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula
• the three B's are selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• the dispersed oil phase of the o/w microemulsion is composed essentially of the water-immiscible or hardly water-soluble perfume.
• the perfume is not, per se, a solvent for greasy or oily soil, -even though some perfumes may, in fact, contain as much as 80% of terpenes which are known as good grease solvents -- the inventive compositions in dilute form have the capacity to solubilize up to 10 times or more of the weight of the perfume of oily and greasy soil, which is removed or loosened from the hard surface by virtue of the action of the anionic and nonionic surfactants, said soil being taken up into the oil phase of the o/w microemulsion.
• the invention generally provides highly concentration microemulsion compositions in the form of either an oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion or a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion which when diluted with additional water before use can form dilute o/w microemulsion compositions.
• the concentrated microemulsion compositions contain, by weight, 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1 % to 20% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0% to 2.5% of a fatty acid, 0.1 % to 10% of perfume or water insoluble hydrocarbon having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 0.1 % to 50% of a cosurfactant, and 20% to 97% of water.
• liquid crystal compositions which comprise by weight 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1 % to 20% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0 to 2.5% of a fatty acid, 0.1 % to 10% of a perfume, more preferably 1% to 10%, 1% to 50% of cosurfactant selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol monobutylether, dipropylene glycol monobutylether and tripropyleneglycol monobutyl ether and mixtures thereof and the balance being water.
• cosurfactant selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol monobutylether, dipropylene glycol monobutylether and tripropyleneglycol monobutyl ether and mixtures thereof and the balance being water.
• the invention generally provides highly concentration microemulsion compositions in the form of either an oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion or a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion which when diluted with additional water before use can form dilute o/w microemulsion compositions.
• the concentrated microemulsion compositions contain, by weight, 0.1% to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1% to 10% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0.4% to 10% of perfume or water insoluble hydrocarbon having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 0.1% to 50% of a cosurfactant, and 20% to 97% of water.
• the invention generally provides highly concentration microemulsion compositions in the form of either an oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion or a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion which when diluted with additional water before use can form dilute o/w microemulsion compositions.
• the concentrated microemulsion compositions contain, by weight, 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1% to 20% of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, 0.1% to 10% of perfume or water insoluble hydrocarbon having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 0.1% to 50% of a cosurfactant, and 20% to 97% of water.
• liquid crystal compositions which comprise by weight 0.1% to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1% to 20% of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, 0.1% to 10% of a perfume, more preferably 1% to 10%, 1 % to 50% of cosurfactant and the balance being water.
• the present invention relates to a stable liquid crystal or microemulsion composition approximately by weight: 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1 % to 50% of a cosurfactant, 0.1% to 20% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0.1% to 10% of a water insoluble hydrocarbon or a perfume and the balance being water, said composition having an ecotoxocity value as measured by the LC50 test of at least 0.18 ml/L measured on Daphniae microorganisms.
• the present invention also relates to a stable liquid crystal or microemulsion composition approximately by weight: 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1 % to 50% of a cosurfactant, 0.4 to 1.0 wt. % of a trialkyl ester of citric acid such as tri-n butyl citrate, 0.1% to 20% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0.1% to 10% of a water insoluble hydrocarbon or a perfume and the balance being water, said composition having an ecotoxocity value as measured by the LC50 test of at least 0.18 ml/L measured on Daphniae microorganisms.
• an anionic surfactant 0.1 % to 50% of a cosurfactant
• 0.4 to 1.0 wt. % of a trialkyl ester of citric acid such as tri-n butyl citrate
• 0.1% to 20% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound 0.1% to 10% of a water
• the present invention also relates to a stable liquid crystal or microemulsion composition approximately by weight: 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic surfactant, 0.1 % to 50% of a cosurfactant, 0.1 % to 20% of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, 0.1 % to 10% of a water insoluble hydrocarbon or a perfume and the balance being water.
• This composition can also contain 0 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 1 to 7 wt. % of a monoester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula
• Two of the B's are hydrogen and one B is selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• This composition can also contain 0 to 2 wt. %, more 12 preferably 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of a diester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted b the formula
• One of the B's is hydrogen and tw B's are selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• This composition can also contain 0 to 1.0 wt. %, more preferably 0.02 to 0.6 wt. % of a triester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula
• CH2 O (CH2CH O ) z B wherein w equals one to four, most preferably one.
• the three B's are selected from the group consisting of a group represented by: 0 C R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred, x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• the role of the hydrocarbon is provided by a non-water-soluble perfume.
• a solubilizers such as alkali metal lower alkyl aryl sulfonate hydrotrope, triethanolamine, urea, etc.
• perfume dissolution especially at perfume levels of 1 % and higher, since perfumes are generally a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aromatic compounds which are generally not water-soluble. Therefore, by incorporating the perfume into the aqueous cleaning composition as the oil
• the cosmetic properties of the ultimate cleaning composition are improved: the compositions are both clear (as a consequence of the formation of a microemulsion) and highly fragranced (as a consequence of the perfume level).
• an improved grease release effect and an improved grease removal capacity in neat (undiluted) usage of the dilute aspect or after dilution of the concentrate can be obtained without detergent builders or buffers or conventional grease removal solvents at neutral or acidic pH and at low levels of active ingredients while improved cleaning performance can also be achieved in diluted usage.
• perfume is used in its ordinary sense to refer to and include any non-water soluble fragrant substance or mixture of substances including natural (i.e., obtained by extraction of flower, herb, blossom or plant), artificial (i.e., mixture of natural oils or oil constituents) and synthetically produced substance) odoriferous substances.
• natural i.e., obtained by extraction of flower, herb, blossom or plant
• artificial i.e., mixture of natural oils or oil constituents
• synthetically produced substance odoriferous substances.
• perfumes are complex mixtures of blends of various organic compounds such as alcohols, aldehyde ethers, aromatic compounds and varying amounts of essential oils (e.g., terpenes) suc as from 0% to 80%, usually from 10% to 70% by weight, the essential oils themselves being volatile odoriferous compounds and also serving to dissolve the other components of the perfume.
• the precise composition of the perfume is of no particula consequence to cleaning performance so long as it meets the criteria of water immiscibility and having a pleasing odor.
• the perfume, as well as all other ingredients should be cosmetically acceptable, i.e., non-toxic, hypoallergenic, etc..
• Th instant compositions show a marked improvement in ecotoxocity as compared to existing commercial products.
• the hydrocarbon such as a perfume is present in the dilute o/w microemulsion in an amount of from 0.1% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.4% to 6.0% by weight, especially preferably from 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, such as weight percent. If the amount of hydrocarbon (perfume) is less than 0.4% by weight it becomes more difficult to form the o/w microemulsion. In the case of the liquid crystal one need at least 0.5 weight % of perfume, more preferably 1 weight %.
• hydrocarbon perfume
• the cost is increased without any additional cleaning benefit and, in fact, with some diminishing of cleaning performance insofar as the total amount of greasy or oily soil which can be taken up in the oil phase of the microemulsion will decrease proportionately.
• the dilute o/w microemulsion detergent cleaning compositions of the present invention may often include as much as 0.2% to 7% by weight, based on the total composition, of terpene solvents introduced thereunto via the perfume component.
• the amount of terpene solvent in the cleaning formulation is less than 1.5% by weight, such as up to 0.6% by weight or 0.4% by weight or less, satisfactory grease removal and oil removal capacity is provided by the inventive diluted o/w microemulsions.
• a 20 milliliter sample of o/w microemulsion containing 1% by weight of perfume will be able to solubilize, for example, up to 2 to 3 ml of greasy and/or oily soil, while retaining its form as a microemulsion, regardless of whether the perfume contains 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% or 0.8% by weight of terpene solvent.
• a water insoluble paraffin or isoparaffin having 6 to 18 carbon at a concentration of 0.4 to 8.0 wt. percent, more preferably 0.4 to 3.0 wt. %.
• the water-soluble organic detergent materials which are used in forming the ultimate o/w microemulsion compositions of this invention may be selected from the group consisting of water-soluble, non-soap, anionic surfactants mixed with a fatty acid and the solubilizing agent which is a partially esterified ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol such as a partially esterified ethoxylated glycerol.
• anionic surfactant present in the o/w microemulsions any of the conventionally used water-soluble anionic surfactants or mixtures of said anionic detergents and anionic detergents can be used in this invention.
• anionic surfactant is intended to refer to the class of anionic and mixed anionic- nonionic surfactants providing detersive action.
• Suitable water-soluble non-soap, anionic surfactants include those surface-activ or detergent compounds which contain an organic hydrophobic group containing generally 8 to 26 carbon atoms and preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms in their molecula structure and at least one water-solubilizing group selected from the group of sulfonate sulfate and carboxylate so as to form a water-soluble surfactant.
• the hydrophobic group will include or comprise a C8-C22 alky', alkyl or acyl group.
• Such surfactants are employed in the form of water-soluble salts and the salt-forming cation usually is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di- or tri-C2-C3 alkanolammonium, with the sodium, magnesium and ammonium cations again being preferred.
• Suitable sulfonated anionic surfactants are the well known higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates such as the higher alkyl benzene sulfonates containing from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the higher alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, C8-C15 alkyl toluene sulfonates and C8-C15 alkyl phenol sulfonates.
• a preferred sulfonate is linear alkyl benzene sulfonate having a high content of 3 (or higher) phenyl isomers and a correspondingly low content (well below 50%) of 2- (o lower) phenyl isomers, that is, wherein the benzene ring is preferably attached in large part at the 3 or higher (for example, 4, 5, 6 or 7) position of the alkyl group and the content of the isomers in which the benzene ring is attached in the 2 or 1 position is correspondingly low.
• Particularly preferred materials are set forth in U.S. Patent 3,320,174.
• Suitable anionic surfactants are the olefin sulfonates, including long-chain alkene sulfonates, long-chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates.
• Preferred olefin sulfonates contain from 14 to 16 carbon atoms in the R alkyl group and are obtained by sulfonating an a-olefin.
• Suitable anionic sulfonate surfactants are the paraffin sulfonates containing 10 to 20, preferably 13 to 17, carbon atoms.
• Primary paraffin sulfonates are made by reacting long-chain alpha olefins and bisulfites and paraffin sulfonates having the sulfonate group distributed along the paraffin chain are shown in U.S. Patents Nos.. 2,503,280; 2,507,088; 3,260,744; 3,372,188; and German Patent 735,096.
• Examples of satisfactory anionic sulfate surfactants are the C8-C18 alkyl sulfate salts and the C8-C18 alkyl sulfate salts and the C8-C18 alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfate salts having the formula R(OC2H4)n OSO3M wherein n is 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 5, and M is a solubilizing cation selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di- and triethanol ammonium ions.
• the alkyl sulfates may be obtained by sulfating the alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or tallow or mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates are obtained by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide with a C8-C18 alkanol and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl sulfates may be obtained by sulfating the alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or tallow or mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates are obtained by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide with a C8-C18 alkanol and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates differ from one another in the number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted with one mole of alkanol.
• Preferred alkyl sulfates and preferred alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates contain 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• the C ⁇ -Ci 2 alkylphenyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates containing from 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide in the molecule also are suitable for use in the inventive compositions.
• These detergents can be prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol with 2 to
• anionic surfactants will be present either in acid form or salt form depending upon the pH of the final composition, with salt forming cation being the same as for the other anionic detergents.
• the preferred surfactants are the preferred surfactants.
• C9-C15 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and the C13-C17 paraffin or alkane sulfonates are particularly preferred.
• preferred compounds are sodium C10-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonate and sodium C13-C17 alkane sulfonate.
• the proportion of the nonsoap-anionic surfactant will be in the range of
• the instant composition contains a composition (herein after referred to as ethoxylated glycerol type compound) which is a mixture of a fully esterified ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, a partially esterified ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol and a nonesterified ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, wherein the preferred polyhydric alcohol is glycerol, and the compound is R' CH2 O (CH2CH O ) X B
• B is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred, wherein at least one of the B groups is represented by said
• O C R, and R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl groups; x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19, wherein in Formula (I) the ratio of monoester / diester / triester is 45 to 90 / 5 to 40 / 1 to 20, more preferably 50 to 90 / 9 to 32 / 1 to 12, wherein the ratio of Formula (I) to Formula (II) is a value between 3 to 0.02, preferably 3 to 0.1 , most preferably 1.5 to 0.2, wherein it is most preferred that there is more of Formula (II) than Formula (I) in the mixture that forms the compound.
• the ethoxylated glycerol type compound used in the instant composition is manufactured by the Kao Corporation and sold under the trade name Levenol such as Levenol F-200 which has an average EO of 6 and a molar ratio of coco fatty acid to glycerol of 0.55 or Levenol V501/2 which has an average EO of 17 and a molar ratio of tallow fatty acid to glycerol of 1.0. It is preferred that the molar ratio of the fatty acid to glycerol is less than 1.7, more preferably less than 1.5 and most preferably less than
• the ethoxylated glycerol type compound has a molecular weight of 400 to 1600, and a pH (50 grams / liter of water) of 5-7.
• the Levenol compounds are substantially non irritant to human skin and have a primary biodegradabillity higher than 90% as measured by the Wickbold method Bias-7d.
• Levenol V-501/2 which has 17 ethoxylated groups and is derived from tallow fatty acid with a fatty acid to glycerol ratio of 1.0 and a molecular weight of 1465
• Levenol F-200 has 6 ethoxylated groups and is derived from coco fatty acid with a fatty acid to glycerol ratio of 0.55.
• Levenol V-501/2 are composed of a mixture of Formula (I) and Formula (II).
• the Levenol compounds has ecoxicity values of algae growth inhibition > 100 mg/liter; acute toxicity for Daphniae > 100 mg/liter and acute fish toxicity > 100 mg/liter.
• the Levenol compounds have a ready biodegradability higher than 60% which is the minimum required value according to OECD 301 B measurement to be acceptably biodegradable.
• Polyesterified nonionic compounds also useful in the instant compositions are
• Crovol PK-40 is a polyoxyethylene (12) Palm Kernel Glyceride which has 12 EO groups.
• Crovol PK-70 which is prefered is a polyoxyethylene (45) Palm Kernel
• Glyceride have 45 EO groups.
• the ethoxylated glycerol type compounds or the polyesterified nonionic compounds will be present in admixture with the anionic detergent.
• the proportion of the ethoxylated glycerol type compound or the polyesterified nonionic solubilizing agent based upon the weight of the liquid crystal composition or the final dilute o/w microemulsion composition will be 0.1 % to 20%, more preferably 0.5% to 10%, most preferably 0.5% to 6% by weight.
• the weight ratio of nonsoap anionic detergent to the ethoxylated glycerol type compound will be in the range of 3:1 to 1 :3 with especially good results being obtained at a weight ratio of 2:1.
• ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol such as an ethoxylated glycerol of the instant invention is depicted by the following Formula
• CH2 O (CH2CH O ) z H wherein w equals one to four, most preferably one x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• the ethoxylated alcohol will be present in admixture with the anionic surfactant.
• the proportion of the ethoxylated glycerol type based upon the weight of the liquid crystal composition or the final dilute o/w microemulsion composition will be 0.1% to 20%, more preferably 0.5% to 10%, most preferably 0.5% to 6% by weight.
• the weight ratio of nonsoap anionic surfactant to the ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol will be in the range of 3:1 to 1 :3 with especially good results being obtained at a weight ratio of 2:1.
• the instant composition can also contain 0 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 1 to 7 wt. % of a monoester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula R' CH2 O (CH2CH O ) ⁇ B R' [ CH O (CH2CH O ) y ⁇ ]w R'
• Two of the Bs are hydrogen and one B is selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• the instant composition can also contain 0 to 2 wt. %, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of a diester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula
• One of the Bs is hydrogen and two Bs are selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• the instant composition can also contain 0 to 1.0 wt. %, more preferably 0.02 to 0.6 wt. % of a triester of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol depicted by the formula
• the three Bs are selected from the group consisting of a group represented by:
• R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 11 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein a hydrogenated tallow alkyl chain or a coco alkyl chain is most preferred
• x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, more preferably 0 to 40, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 24 and most preferably 4 to 19.
• the instant compositions optionally, contain 0 to 1.0 wt. %, more preferably 0.4 to 0.8 wt.
• tri-alkyl citrate such as tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-propyl citrate, tri-isopropyl citrate, tri-isobutyl citrate, tri-n-pentyl citrate, tri-isopentyl citrate and tri-n-hexyl, wherein tri-n-butyl citrate is preferred.
• the tri-n-butyl citrate functions in the formula as a foam control agent in that the foam is more readily collapsed such that the article can be rinsed more effectively.
• the cosurfactant may play an essential role in the formation of the the liquid crystal composition or dilute o/w microemulsion and the concentrated microemulsion compositions.
• Three major classes of compounds have been found to provide highly suitable cosurfactants for the microemulsion over temperature ranges extending from 5°C to 43°C for instance; (1) water-soluble C3-C4 alkanols, polypropylene glycol of the formula HO(CH3CHCH2 ⁇ )nH wherein n is a number from 2 to 18 and monoalkyi ethers and esters of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol having the structural formulas R(X) n OH and R-
• n is a number from 1 to 4; (2) aliphatic mono- and di-carboxylic acids containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 6 carbons in the molecule; and (3) triethyl phosphate. Additionally, mixtures of two or more of the four classes of cosurfactant compounds may be employed where specific pH's are desired.
• cosurfactant compounds When the mono- and di-carboxylic acid (Class 2) cosurfactants are employed in the instant microemulsion compositions at a concentration of 2 to 10 wt.
• the microemulsion compositions can be used as a cleaners for bathtubs and other hard surfaced items, which are acid resistant thereby removing lime scale, soap scum and greasy soil from the surfaces of such items damaging such surfaces. If these surfaces are of zirconium white enamel, they can be damaged by these compositions.
• An aminoalkylene phophonic acid at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.2 wt. % can be optionally used in conjunction with the mono- and di-carboxylic acids, wherein the aminoalkylene phophonic acid helps prevent damage to zirconium white enamel surfaces. Additionally, 0.05 to 1% of phosphoric acid can be used in the composition. Methanol and ethanol are explicitly excluded from the instant composition because of their low flash point.
• Representative members of the polypropylene glycol include dipropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 200 to 1000, e.g., polypropylene glycol 400.
• Other satisfactory glycol ethers are ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl carbitol), triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, mono, di, tri propylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol tertiary butyl ether, ethylene glycol monoacetate and dipropylene glycol propionate.
• glycol type cosurfactants are at a concentartion of at least 1.0 weight %, more preferably at leat 2.0 weight % in combination with a perfume at a concentration of at leat 0.5 weight %, more preferably 1.5 weight % one can form a liquid crystal composition
• Representative members of the aliphatic carboxylic acids include C3-C6 alkyl and alkenyl monobasic acids and dibasic acids such as glutaric acid and mixtures of glutaric acid with adipic acid and succinic acid, as well as mixtures of the foregoing acids as well as acrylic acid or propionic acid.
• the most preferred cosurfactant compounds of each type are diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and a mixture of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids, respectively.
• the ratio of acids in the foregoing mixture is not particularly critical and can be modified to provide the desired odor.
• glutaric acid the most water-soluble of these three saturated aliphatic dibasic acids, will be used as the major component.
• weight ratios of adipic acid: glutaric acid:succinic acid is 1 -3:1 -8:1 -5, preferably 1-2:1-6:1-3, such as 1 :1 :1 , 1 :2:1 , 2:2:1 , 1 :2:1.5, 1 :2:2, 2:3:2, etc. can be used with equally good results.
• Still other classes of cosurfactant compounds providing stable microemulsion compositions at low and elevated temperatures are the mono-, di- and triethyl esters of phosphoric acid such as triethyl phosphate.
• the amount of cosurfactant required to stabilize the liquid crystal compositions or the microemulsion compositions will, of course, depend on such factors as the surface tension characteristics of the cosurfactant, the type and amounts of the primary surfactants and perfumes, and the type and amounts of any other additional ingredients which may be present in the composition and which have an influence on the thermodynamic factors enumerated above.
• amounts of cosurfactant in the range of from 0% to 50%, preferably from 0.5% to 15%, especially preferably from 1% to 7%, by weight provide stable dilute o/w microemulsions for the above-described levels of primary surfactants and perfume and any other additional ingredients as described below.
• the pH of the final microemulsion will be dependent upon the identity of the cosurfactant compound, with the choice of the cosurfactant being effected by cost and cosmetic properties, particularly odor.
• microemulsion compositions which have a pH in the range of 1 to 10 may employ either the class 1 or the class 4 cosurfactant as the sole cosurfactant, but the pH range is reduced to 1 to 8.5 when the polyvalent metal salt is present.
• the class 2 cosurfactant can only be used as the sole cosurfactant where the product pH is below 3.2.
• compositions can be formulated at a substantially neutral pH (e.g., pH 7 ⁇ 1.5, preferably 7 ⁇ 0.2).
• the ability to formulate neutral and acidic products without builders which have grease removal capacities is a feature of the present invention because the prior art o/w microemulsion formulations most usually are highly alkaline or highly built or both. In addition to their excellent capacity for cleaning greasy and oily soils, the low pH o/w microemulsion formulations also exhibit excellent cleaning performance and removal of soap scum and lime scale in neat (undiluted) as well as in diluted usage.
• the final essential ingredient in the inventive microemulsion compositions having improved interfacial tension properties is water.
• the proportion of water in the microemulsion compositions generally is in the range of 20% to 97%, preferably 70% to 97% by weight of the usual diluted o/w microemulsion composition.
• the dilute o/w microemulsion liquid all-purpose cleaning compositions of this invention are especially effective when used as is, that is, without further dilution in water, since the properties of the composition as an o/w microemulsion are best manifested in the neat (undiluted) form.
• the properties of the composition as an o/w microemulsion are best manifested in the neat (undiluted) form.
• surfactants, cosurfactants, perfume and other ingredients some degree of dilution without disrupting the microemulsion, per se, is possible.
• active surfactant compounds i.e., primary anionic and nonionic surfactants
• dilutions up to 50% will generally be well tolerated without causing phase separation, that is, the microemulsion state will be maintained.
• the resulting compositions are still effective in cleaning greasy, oily and other types of soil.
• the presence of magnesium ions or other polyvalent ions, e.g., aluminum, as will be described in greater detail below further serves to boost cleaning performance of the primary detergents in dilute usage.
• the present invention also relates to a stable concentrated microemulsion or acidic microemulsion composition comprising approximately by weight:
• the present invention also relates to a stable liquid crystal microemulsion or acidic microemulsion composition comprising approximately by weight:
• composition has an ecotoxocity as measured by the LC 50 test of at least 0.18 ml/L measured on Daphniae microorganisms.
• the present invention also relates to a stable concentrated microemulsion or acidic microemulsion composition
• a stable concentrated microemulsion or acidic microemulsion composition comprising approximately by weight: (a) 1 to 30% of an anionic surfactant;
• the present invention also relates to a stable liquid crystal microemulsion or acidic microemulsion composition comprising approximately by weight:
• the balance being water.
• Such concentrated microemulsions can be diluted by mixing with up to 20 times or more, preferably 4 to 10 times their weight of water to form o/w microemulsions similar to the diluted microemulsion compositions described above. While the degree of dilution is suitably chosen to yield an o/w microemulsion composition after dilution, it should be recognized that during the course of dilution both microemulsion and non- microemulsions may be successively encountered.
• the compositions of this invention may often and preferably do contain one or more additional ingredients which serve to improve overall product performance.
• One such ingredient is an inorganic or organic salt of oxide of a multivalent metal cation, particularly Mg ++ .
• the metal salt or oxide provides several benefits including improved cleaning performance in dilute usage, particularly in soft water areas, and minimized amounts of perfume required to obtain the microemulsion state.
• Magnesium sulfate either anhydrous or hydrated (e.g., heptahydrate), is especially preferred as the magnesium salt. Good results also have been obtained with magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate, magnesium propionate and magnesium hydroxide.
• These magnesium salts can be used with formulations at neutral or acidic pH since magnesium hydroxide will not precipitate at these pH levels.
• magnesium is the preferred multivalent metal from which the salts (inclusive of the oxide and hydroxide) are formed
• other polyvalent metal ions also can be used provided that their salts are nontoxic and are soluble in the aqueous phase of the system at the desired pH level.
• other suitable polyvalent metal ions include aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, calcium, etc. It should be noted, for example, that with the preferred paraffin sulfonate anionic detergent calcium salts will precipitate and should not be used.
• the aluminum salts work best at pH below 5 or when a low level, for example 1 weight percent, of citric acid is added to the composition which is designed to have a neutral pH.
• the aluminum salt can be directly added as the citrate in such case.
• the same general classes of anions as mentioned for the magnesium salts can be used, such as halide (e.g., bromide, chloride), sulfate, nitrate, hydroxide, oxide, acetate, propionate, etc.
• the metal compound is added to the composition in an amount sufficient to provide at least a stoichiometric equivalence between the anionic surfactant and the multivalent metal cation.
• the proportion of the multivalent salt generally will be selected so that one equivalent of compound will neutralize from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents, preferably 0.9 to 1.4 equivalents, of the acid form of the anionic surfactant.
• the amount of multivalent salt will be in range of 0.5 to 1 equivalents per equivalent of anionic surfactant.
• the liquid crystal composition or the o/w microemulsion compositions will include from 0% to 2.5%, preferably from 0.1 % to 2.0% by weight of the composition of a C8- C22 fatty acid or fatty acid soap as a foam suppressant.
• the addition of fatty acid or fatty acid soap provides an improvement in the rinseability of the composition whether applied in neat or diluted form. Generally, however, it is necessary to increase the level of cosurfactant to maintain product stability when the fatty acid or soap is present. If more than 2.5wt % of the fatty acid is used in the instant compositions, the composition will become unstable at low temperatures as well as having an objectionable smell.
• fatty acids which can be used as such or in the form of soap, mention can be made of distilled coconut oil fatty acids, "mixed vegetable” type fatty acids (e.g. high percent of saturated, mono-and/or polyunsaturated C ⁇ chains); oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, eiocosanoic acid, and the like, generally those fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms being acceptable.
• the all-purpose liquid cleaning composition of this invention may, if desired, also contain other components either to provide additional effect or to make the product more attractive to the consumer.
• Colors or dyes in amounts up to 0.5% by weight; bactericides in amounts up to 1% by weight; preservatives or antioxidizing agents, such as formalin, 5-bromo-5-nitro-dioxan- 1 ,3; 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothaliazolin-3-one, 2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol, etc., in amounts up to 2% by weight; and pH adjusting agents, such as sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, as needed.
• up to 4% by weight of an opacifier may be added.
• compositions of the instant invention explicitly exclude zwitterionic surfactant such as betaines because these zwetterionic surfactants are extremely high foaming which, if used in the instant composition, would cause the instant compositions to have to high a foam profile and that too much foam would leave residue on the surface being cleaned.
• zwitterionic surfactant such as betaines because these zwetterionic surfactants are extremely high foaming which, if used in the instant composition, would cause the instant compositions to have to high a foam profile and that too much foam would leave residue on the surface being cleaned.
• the all-purpose liquids are clear oil-in-water microemulsions or liquid crystal compositions and exhibit stability at reduced and increased temperatures. More specifically, such compositions remain clear and stable in the range of 5°C to 50°C, especially 10°C to 43°C. Such compositions exhibit a pH in the acid or neutral range depending on intended end use.
• the liquid microemulsion compositions are readily pourable and exhibit a viscosity in the range of 6 to 60 milliPascal . second (mPas.) as measured at 25°C. with a Brookfield RVT Viscometer using a #1 spindle rotating at 20 RPM. Preferably, the viscosity is maintained in the range of 10 to 40 mPas.
• compositions are directly ready for use or can be diluted as desired and in either case no or only minimal rinsing is required and substantially no residue or streaks are left behind. Furthermore, because the compositions are free of detergent builders such as alkali metal polyphosphates they are environmentally acceptable and provide a better "shine" on cleaned hard surfaces.
• liquid compositions When intended for use in the neat form, the liquid compositions can be packaged under pressure in an aerosol container or in a pump-type sprayer for the so-called spray-and-wipe type of application.
• compositions as prepared are aqueous liquid formulations and since no particular mixing is required to form the o/w microemulsion, the compositions are easily prepared simply by combining all the ingredients in a suitable vessel or container.
• the order of mixing the ingredients is not particularly important and generally the various ingredients can be added sequentially or all at once or in the form of aqueous solutions of each or all of the primary detergents and cosurfactants can be separately prepared and combined with each other and with the perfume.
• the magnesium salt, or other multivalent metal compound when present, can be added as an aqueous solution thereof or can be added directly. It is not necessary to use elevated temperatures in the formation step and room temperature is sufficient.
• the instant microemulsion formulas explicitly exclude alkali metal silicates and alkali meta builders such as alkali metal polyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal phosphonates and alkali metal citrates because these materials, if used in the instant composition, would cause the composition to have a high pH as well as leaving residue on the surface being cleaned.
• alkali metal silicates and alkali meta builders such as alkali metal polyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal phosphonates and alkali metal citrates because these materials, if used in the instant composition, would cause the composition to have a high pH as well as leaving residue on the surface being cleaned.
• the ethoxylated glycerol type compound can be employed in hard surface cleaning compositions such as wood cleaners, window cleaners and light duty liquid cleaners, wherein improvements in a grease release effect in desirable.
• hard surface cleaning compositions such as wood cleaners, window cleaners and light duty liquid cleaners
• improvements in a grease release effect in desirable are desirable.
• the following examples illustrate liquid cleaning compositions of the described invention. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are by weight. The exemplified compositions are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the proportions in the examples and elsewhere in the specification are by weight.
• Example 1 The following compositions in wt. % were prepared:
• (a) contains 25% by weight of terpenes.
• dissolution power of the o/w microemulsion of this example is compared to the “dissolution power" of an identical composition except that an equal amount (5 weight percent) of sodium cumene sulfonate hydrotrope is used in place of the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether cosurfactant in a test wherein equal concentrations of heptane are added to both compositions.
• the o/w microemulsion of this invention solubilizes 12 grams of the water immiscible substance as compared to 1.4 grams in the hydrotrope containing liquid composition.
• Example 1 In a further comparative test using blue colored cooking oil— a fatty triglyceride soil --, the composition of Example 1 is clear after the addition of 0.2 grams of cooking oil whereas the cooking oil floats on the top of the composition containing the sulfonate hydrotrope.
• Example 1 When the concentration of perfume is reduced to 0.4% in the composition of Example 1 , a stable o/w microemulsion composition is obtained. Similarly, a stable o/w microemulsion is obtained when the concentration of perfume is increased to 2% by weight and the concentration of cosurfactant is increased to 6% by weight in Example 1.
• the present invention also relates to an aqueous solution of a grease release system which comprises:
• B is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a group represented by: 0 C R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of the B groups is represented by said
• O C R, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl groups; x, y and z have a value between 0 and 60, provided that (x+y+z) equals 2 to 100, wherein in Formula (I) the ratio of monoester / diester / triester is 40 to 90 / 5 to 35 / 1 to 20, wherein the ratio of Formula (I) to Formula (II) is a value between 3 to 0.02, more preferably 3 to 0.1 , and most preferably 1.5 to 0.2, wherein it is most preferred that there is more of Formula (II) than Formula (I) in the mixture; and (b) the balance being water.
• the aqueous solution of the grease release agent can be coated onto a hard surface. The treated hard surface will prevent the adhering of grease to the hard surface thereby providing easier cleaning of the hard surface with a conventional hard surface cleaning composition.
• Example 2 The example illustrates a typical formulation of a "concentrated" o/w microemulsion based on the present invention:
• This concentrated formulation can be easily diluted, for example, five times with tap water, to yield a diluted o/w microemulsion composition.
• microemulsion technology it becomes possible to provide a product having high levels of active detergent ingredients and perfume, which has high consumer appeal in terms of clarity, odor and stability, and which is easily diluted at the usual usage concentration for similar all-purpose hard surface liquid cleaning compositions, while retaining its cosmetically attractive attributes.
• these formulations can be used, where desired, without further dilution and can also be used at full or diluted strength to clean soiled fabrics by hand or in an automatic laundry washing machine.
• Example 3 This example illustrates a diluted o/w microemulsion composition according to the invention having an acidic pH and which also provides improved cleaning performance on soap scum and lime scale removal as well as for cleaning greasy soil.
• the soiled tiles are soaked for 15 minutes at RT in the test products, then they are delicately rinsed with tap water. After drying 45 minutes at 50°C, the tiles are weighed again.
• Formula A exhibits improved grease + particulate soil removal over the Commercial Ajax tm NME
• the fat mixture is heated and sprayed with an automatic spraying device on cleaned and dried ceramic tiles.
• Example 5 The following liquid crystal compositions were prepared by simple mixing procedure
• Example 6 The following optically clear microemulsion compositions were made by forming first a solution by mixing at 25°C water, magnesium lauryl ether sulfate, Levenol V-510/2 and 1-Pentanol. To this solution with mixing at 25°C was added the dodecane to form the optically clear microemulsion. The formula are expressed in weight percent.
• composition was prepared by simple mixing procedure:
• the described invention broadly relates to an improvement in microemulsion compositions containing an anionic surfactant, an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, a fatty acid, one of the specified cosurfactants, a hydrocarbon ingredient and water which comprise the use of a water-insoluble, odoriferous perfume as the essential hydrocarbon ingredient in a proportion sufficient to form either a dilute o/w microemulsion composition or liquid crystal composition containing, by weight, 0.1% to 20.0% of an anionic detergent, 0.1% to 10% of an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0% to 50% of cosurfactant, 0 to 1.0% of a tri-alkyl citrate, 0.4% to 10% of perfume and the balance being water.
• Example 8
• compositions in wt. % were prepared:
• the described invention broadly relates to an improvement in microemulsion compositions for the removal of particulate soil containing an anionic surfactant, an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol a cosurfactant, a hydrocarbon ingredient and water which comprise the use of a water-insoluble, odoriferous perfume as the essential hydrocarbon ingredient in a proportion sufficient to form either a dilute o/w microemulsion composition or liquid crystal composition containing, by weight, 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic detergent, 0.1 % to 20.0% of an ethoxylated polyhydric alcohol, 0% to 50% of cosurfactant, 0.4% to 10% of perfume and the balance being water.
• the described invention broadly relates to an improvement in microemulsion compositions containing an anionic surfactant, an esterified polyethoxyether nonionic surfactant, a fatty acid, one of the specified cosurfactants, a hydrocarbon ingredient and water which comprise the use of a water-insoluble, odoriferous perfume as the essential hydrocarbon ingredient in a proportion sufficient to form either a dilute o/w microemulsion composition or liquid crystal composition containing, by weight, 0.1 % to 20% of an anionic detergent, 0.1 % to 20.0% of a solubilizing agent which is an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0% to 50% of cosurfactant, 0.4% to 10% of perfume and the balance being water.
• a solubilizing agent which is an ethoxylated glycerol type compound, 0% to 50% of cosurfactant, 0.4% to 10% of perfume and the balance being water.

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• 1995
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