EP0790291B1 - Process for operating a high-temperature reactor for the treatment of waste products - Google Patents

Process for operating a high-temperature reactor for the treatment of waste products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790291B1
EP0790291B1 EP97101505A EP97101505A EP0790291B1 EP 0790291 B1 EP0790291 B1 EP 0790291B1 EP 97101505 A EP97101505 A EP 97101505A EP 97101505 A EP97101505 A EP 97101505A EP 0790291 B1 EP0790291 B1 EP 0790291B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
lances
reactor
temperature
gasification
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EP97101505A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0790291A2 (en
EP0790291A3 (en
Inventor
Günter H. Kiss
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Thermoselect AG
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Thermoselect AG
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Priority claimed from DE19637195A external-priority patent/DE19637195C2/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a high temperature reactor for the treatment of waste, where these waste like e.g. Domestic and / or industrial waste from a high temperature treatment undergo in a reactor with both the gaseous, liquid as well as solid components specially designed oxygen lances are used become.
  • waste like e.g. Domestic and / or industrial waste from a high temperature treatment undergo in a reactor with both the gaseous, liquid as well as solid components specially designed oxygen lances are used become.
  • the thermally pretreated waste materials are introduced into the high-temperature reactor without interruption via a loading point.
  • the waste materials pretreated in this way form a gas-permeable bed in the reactor itself.
  • the carbon contents present are oxidized or gasified at temperatures in the core of the gasification bed of more than 2000 ° C.
  • the resulting CO 2 is mainly reduced to CO in a calming room above the bed, ie in the top area of the high-temperature reactor, above the gasification bed at temperatures of at least 1200 ° C. At these temperatures the reaction equilibrium (Boudouard equilibrium) is shifted towards the CO.
  • reaction H 2 O + C -> CO + H 2 water gas reaction
  • the resulting synthesis gas which can be used very economically in terms of material and / or energy, consists predominantly of CO, H 2 and small amounts of CO 2 at such a temperature control.
  • Organic pollutants especially the highly toxic dioxins or furans, are no longer stable in the temperature range in question and are cracked with certainty.
  • the metallic and / or mineral components of the refuse are melted in the lower combustion zone and removed from the high-temperature reactor.
  • Homogenization is also provided of the melted inorganic components simultaneous separation of the minerals from the Metal phase separation in a temperature range from approx. 1600 ° C to above 2000 ° C, before the melted and homogenized inorganic Components after shock cooling with Jets of water freeze. Cracking the pollutants in the free gas room, the so-called calming room above the gasification bed of the high temperature reactor, requires precisely defined temperature conditions there in every room section and defined dwell times.
  • the combination fuel / oxygen lance is preferred designed so that a subset of the for combustion of the heating gas required oxygen flows through the oxygen lances. This will make the the high temperature nozzle of the lance this oxygen flow is constantly cooled, even if no lance oxygen would be required. Through this Measure the burner from damage or before Pollution of the UV monitoring glass protected, by the backflow or diffusion of the under Pressure of the high temperature reactor in the interior of the oxygen lance is excluded, where an explosive mixture would otherwise form if the lance is out of order.
  • oxygen lances part of the oxygen lances a different one than that described above Can have alignment.
  • the oxygen lances do not have to be arranged on one level but they can be spatially across the gasification room be distributed.
  • oxygen lances are used with the process's own synthesis gas or externally supplied fuels preferably operated stoichiometrically, so that they are for the respective high temperature treatment required Minimum temperature can be set.
  • For the High temperature gasification becomes the reactor room above the loading point is kept at> 1000 ° C.
  • the Dimensioning of the reactor space is carried out in such a way that up to the exit of the reactor one for the Setting the balance ratio sufficient Dwell time remains until the synthesis gas for Avoiding the formation of new organic compounds is chilled.
  • the oxygen lances in the lower area i.e. to Melting or melting of the inorganic Ingredients are aligned according to the invention that it is the flow direction of the melt flowing away support.
  • the procedure is such that several lances provided following the elliptical reactor bottom are.
  • the lances used for this correspond essentially the lances as they come from the DE 195 12 249.6 are known.
  • this document is therefore explicit Referred. It is essential that the lance oxygen to at least approximately the speed of sound is accelerated so that he is also able is, with enough pressure in the melting or melting penetrate inorganic components. By the high speed becomes a clogging at the same time prevents the oxygen lance.
  • This high temperature treatment is preferred at temperatures below 2000 ° C carried out.
  • Burner arranged in the area of homogenization are.
  • to design the area for homogenization that almost complete homogenization of the melted inorganic components can be done.
  • that in the homogenization part of the reactor burner are also arranged on the outlet side, wherein these burners do not necessarily have oxygen lances must be equipped, but burners more conventional Can be kind. These burners are arranged that it corresponds to the direction of flow of the flowing melt are opposed.
  • the shock-like cooling takes place the melt to solidify using water jets only if in the manner described above complete homogenization of the melt occurred is.
  • the oxygen supply the oxygen lances and / or fuel supply of the pilot flames depending on the calorific value of the Disposal goods regulated in such a way that almost each constant synthesis gas composition and / or quantity results.
  • This procedure is therefore different Calorific values via the loading opening supplied supplies.
  • the invention Process also from heterogeneous waste.
  • the calorific values of heterogeneous waste vary very strong, because the garbage is very organic Components and thus a high calorific value or but more inorganic components or moisture and can therefore have a low calorific value.
  • the procedure is as follows that the composition at the gas-side outlet of the synthesis gas mixture is determined and the Depending on the oxygen supply of the oxygen lances is regulated by the calorific value, i.e. the oxygen lances are operated so that each at the gas-side output achieved a constant synthesis gas composition becomes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Abstract

Process for operating a high temp. reactor for treating disposable material, e.g. industrial and household waste, comprises thermally treating the material, and passing via a charging point into the reactor. A loose gasifying bed is formed, in which the inorganic and organic components are melted and gasified and then homogenised. Above the charging site, the gaseous products are then subjected to high temp. treatment with addition of oxygen to form and stabilise the synthesis gas. The novelty is that water-cooled oxygen lances are used in the high temp. treatment, in which at least two lances are arranged below the charging sites so that they promote the flow direction of the material to be charged. At least two water-cooled lances are arranged above the charging site so that the flow of the increasing gaseous products is limited.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hochtemperaturreaktors zur Behandlung von Entsorgungsgütern, bei dem diese Entsorgungsgüter wie z.B. Haus- und/oder Industrieabfälle einer Hochtemperaturbehandlung in einem Reaktor unterzogen werden, wobei zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung sowohl der gasförmigen, flüssigen als auch der festen Bestandteile speziell ausgerichtete Sauerstofflanzen eingesetzt werden.The invention relates to a method for operating a high temperature reactor for the treatment of waste, where these waste like e.g. Domestic and / or industrial waste from a high temperature treatment undergo in a reactor with both the gaseous, liquid as well as solid components specially designed oxygen lances are used become.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind die verschiedensten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung von Entsorgungsgütern wie Haus- und Industrieabfällen aller Art bekannt. Ein Verfahren, bei dem die Abfallstoffe aller Art zuerst verdichtet und dann ausgehend hiervon alle weiteren Prozeßschritte wie Trocknung, Entgasung, Vergasung und Einschmelzung ohne Unterbrechung vollzogen werden, ist in Fachkreisen unter dem Namen "Thermoselect-Verfahren" bekannt geworden (DE 41 30 416, sowie Literaturstelle von Günther Häßler: "Thermoselect - Der neue Weg, Restmüll umweltgerecht zu behandeln", Verlag Karl Goerner, Karlsruhe, 1995).The most varied are from the prior art Processes and devices for high temperature treatment of waste such as household and industrial waste known of all kinds. A process in which the waste materials of all kinds are compressed first and then on this basis all further process steps such as Drying, degassing, gasification and melting To be carried out without interruption is in specialist circles known under the name "Thermoselect process" (DE 41 30 416, as well as the literature reference by Günther Häßler: "Thermoselect - the new way, residual waste to be treated in an environmentally friendly manner ", Verlag Karl Goerner, Karlsruhe, 1995).

Bei diesem Verfahren werden die thermisch vorbehandelten Abfallstoffe ohne Unterbrechung über eine Beschickungsstelle in den Hochtemperaturreaktor eingebracht. Die derart thermisch vorbehandelten Abfallstoffe bilden im Reaktor selbst eine gasdurchlässige Schüttung. Durch Zugabe von Sauerstoff oder von mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft zu der Schüttsäule des Vergasungsbettes werden die vorhandenen Kohlenstoffanteile beim im Kern des Vergasungsbettes herrschenden Temperaturen von mehr als 2000°C oxidiert bzw. vergast. Das anfallende CO2 wird in einem Beruhigungsraum oberhalb der Schüttung, d.h. im Topbereich des Hochtemperaturreaktors, über dem Vergasungsbett bei Temperaturen von mindestens 1200°C überwiegend zu CO reduziert. Bei diesen Temperaturen ist das Reaktionsgleichgewicht (Boudouard'sches Gleichewicht) zum CO hin verschoben. Aufgrund der in den Hochtemperaturreaktor miteingebrachten Müllfeuchte läuft parallel zur Boudouard'schen Gleichgewichtsreaktion die Reaktion H2O + C -> CO + H2 (Wassergasreaktion) ab. Das insgesamt entstehende Synthesegas, das stofflich und/oder energetisch sehr wirtschaftlich nutzbar ist, besteht bei einer solchen Temperaturführung überwiegend aus CO, H2 und geringen Anteilen an CO2. Organische Schadstoffe, insbesondere auch die hochgiftigen Dioxine oder Furane, sind in dem fraglichen Temperaturbereich nicht mehr stabil und werden mit Sicherheit gecrackt. Die metallischen und/oder mineralischen Bestandteile des Mülls werden hingegen in der unteren Brennzone aufgeschmolzen und aus dem Hochtemperaturreaktor abgezogen.In this process, the thermally pretreated waste materials are introduced into the high-temperature reactor without interruption via a loading point. The waste materials pretreated in this way form a gas-permeable bed in the reactor itself. By adding oxygen or oxygen-enriched air to the pouring column of the gasification bed, the carbon contents present are oxidized or gasified at temperatures in the core of the gasification bed of more than 2000 ° C. The resulting CO 2 is mainly reduced to CO in a calming room above the bed, ie in the top area of the high-temperature reactor, above the gasification bed at temperatures of at least 1200 ° C. At these temperatures the reaction equilibrium (Boudouard equilibrium) is shifted towards the CO. Due to the waste moisture brought into the high-temperature reactor, the reaction H 2 O + C -> CO + H 2 (water gas reaction) takes place parallel to the Boudouard equilibrium reaction. The resulting synthesis gas, which can be used very economically in terms of material and / or energy, consists predominantly of CO, H 2 and small amounts of CO 2 at such a temperature control. Organic pollutants, especially the highly toxic dioxins or furans, are no longer stable in the temperature range in question and are cracked with certainty. The metallic and / or mineral components of the refuse, on the other hand, are melted in the lower combustion zone and removed from the high-temperature reactor.

Es ist dabei weiter vorgesehen, eine Homogenisierung der eingeschmolzenen anorganischen Bestandteile bei gleichzeitiger Trennung der Mineralstoffe von den Metallen Phasentrennung in einem Temperaturbereich von ca. 1600 °C bis oberhalb 2000 °C vorzunehmen, bevor die eingeschmolzenen und homogenisierten anorganischen Bestandteile nach einer Schockkühlung mit Wasserstrahlen erstarren. Das Cracken der Schadstoffe im freien Gasraum, dem sogenannten Beruhigungsraum über dem Vergasungsbett des Hochtemperaturreaktors, erfordert dort genau definierte Temperaturbedingungen in jedem Raumabschnitt und definierte Verweilzeiten.Homogenization is also provided of the melted inorganic components simultaneous separation of the minerals from the Metal phase separation in a temperature range from approx. 1600 ° C to above 2000 ° C, before the melted and homogenized inorganic Components after shock cooling with Jets of water freeze. Cracking the pollutants in the free gas room, the so-called calming room above the gasification bed of the high temperature reactor, requires precisely defined temperature conditions there in every room section and defined dwell times.

Es sind insbesondere zwei Gegebenheiten, die den Prozeß beeinträchtigen können. Erstens kann wegen der möglichen, sehr unterschiedlichen Müllzusammensetzung - vor allem bei hohem Feuchteanteil - die Temperatur des Synthesegases im Verweilraum über dem Vergasungsbett temporär absinken und zweitens können im Verweilraum über dem Vergasungsbett sich laminare Strömungsbereiche ausbilden, die für Teilbereiche die Verweilzeit des Synthesegases herabsetzen. Diese sogenannte Gassen- oder Gasssträhnenbildung muß im Beruhigungsraum unter allen Umständen vermieden werden. In beiden Fällen ist es nämlich nicht auszuschließen, daß Spuren von Schadstoffen im Synthesegas verbleiben und bei dessen Verwertung freigesetzt werden.There are two particular conditions that affect the process can affect. First, because of the possible, very different garbage composition - especially when the moisture content is high - the temperature of the synthesis gas in the dwell room above the gasification bed temporarily sink and secondly can in the dwell room Laminar flow areas over the gasification bed train those for subareas Reduce the dwell time of the synthesis gas. This so-called Alley or streak formation must be in the calming room be avoided under all circumstances. In both cases it cannot be ruled out that traces of pollutants remain in the synthesis gas and are released when it is used.

Die Möglichkeit, daß unvergaster Kohlenstoff, beispielsweise in Form mitgeschleppter Feinpartikel, sich im Synthesegas im Beruhigungsraum befindet, sei erwähnt, um auch die Notwendigkeit einer Nachvergasung im Gasraum zu begründen.The possibility that ungasified carbon, for example in the form of entrained fine particles, is in the synthesis gas in the calming room mentioned also the need for gasification to justify in the gas space.

Aus der DE 195 12 249.6 ist bekannt, daß für das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren zur Einschmelzung der anorganischen Bestandteile speziell ausgebildete Sauerstofflanzen eingesetzt werden. Diese Sauerstofflanzen sind mit einer permanent brennenden Pilotflamme hoher Flammtemperatur und großer Brenngeschwindigkeit derart ausgerüstet, daß der Lanzensauerstoff auf zumindest annäherungsweise Schallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt wird. Dadurch soll eine Verbesserung beim Einschmelzen erreicht werden. Für die Lösung aller im Hochtemperaturreaktor auftretenden Probleme - vor allem für die Optimierung der Prozeßabläufe im Beruhigungsbereich über der Schüttung - genügt es jedoch nicht, nur die Verhältnisse in der Schüttung unterhalb der Beschickungsstelle zu verbessern.From DE 195 12 249.6 it is known that for the above described method for melting the inorganic components specially designed oxygen lances be used. These oxygen lances are with a permanently burning pilot flame high flame temperature and high burning speed equipped so that the lance oxygen at least accelerated approximately the speed of sound becomes. This should improve the Meltdown can be achieved. For the solution of all im Problems arising from high temperature reactor - before all for the optimization of the processes in the calming area over the fill - it is enough not, just the conditions in the bed below to improve the loading point.

An die Hochtemperaturbehandlung von Abfallstoffen sind hohe Anforderungen aufgrund der Heterogenität der Müllzufuhr zu stellen. Auch die vorstehend beschriebenen Lanzen konnten keine vollständige Abhilfe schaffen, so daß auch mit diesen Lanzen keine optimalen Betriebsbedingungen zum Betreiben eines derartigen Hochtemperaturreaktors erzielt werden konnten, insbesondere in bezug auf die Vergasung im oberen Reaktorteil.The high-temperature treatment of waste materials are high requirements due to the heterogeneity the garbage dispenser. Also those described above Lances could not completely remedy the situation create, so that even with these lances no optimal Operating conditions for operating such High temperature reactor could be achieved especially with regard to the gasification in the upper Reactor part.

Ausgehend hiervon ist es deshalb die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, das vorstehend näher beschriebene Verfahren dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß eine möglichst optimale Umwandlung sowohl der anorganischen als auch der gasförmigen Bestandteile erfolgen kann. Based on this, it is therefore the task of the present one Invention, that described in more detail above To further develop the method that a optimal conversion of both the inorganic as well as the gaseous components can.

Insbesondere ist es auch die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Belastung der Synthesegase mit organischen Schadstoffen sicher auszuschließen und die Qualität der mineralischen Reststoffe zu verbessern.In particular, it is also the object of the invention contamination of the synthesis gases with organic Exclude contaminants safely and quality to improve the mineral residues.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The task is characterized by the characteristics of claim 1 solved. Advantageous further training are specified in the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird somit vorgeschlagen, sowohl die Hochtemperaturvergasung der vergasungsfähigen Bestandteile im oberen Bereich des Reaktors als auch die Ein- bzw. Aufschmelzung der anorganischen Bestandteile im unteren Teil des Reaktors mittels Sauerstofflanzen durchzuführen, wobei die Sauerstofflanzen im unteren Bereich so ausgerichtet sind, daß sie die Fließrichtung der aufschmelzenden bzw. eingeschmolzenen anorganischen Bestandteile unterstützen, und im oberen Bereich so, daß sie der Strömungsrichtung der Vergasungsbestandteile entgegengerichtet sind, so daß eine Hemmung eintritt.According to the invention, it is therefore proposed both High temperature gasification of the gasifiable components in the top of the reactor as well the melting or melting of the inorganic constituents in the lower part of the reactor using oxygen lances perform, taking the oxygen lances are aligned in the lower area so that they the flow direction of the melting or melted down support inorganic components, and in the upper area so that it is the direction of flow the gasification components opposed are, so that an inhibition occurs.

Die Kombination Brenn-/Sauerstofflanze ist bevorzugt so ausgebildet, daß eine Teilmenge des für die Verbrennung des Heizgases erforderlichen Sauerstoffs durch die Sauerstofflanzen strömt. Dadurch wird die der Hochtemperatur ausgesetzte Düse der Lanze durch diesen Sauerstoffstrom ständig gekühlt, auch wenn kein Lanzensauerstoff erforderlich wäre. Durch diese Maßnahme wird der Brenner vor Beschädigungen bzw. vor Verschmutzung des UV-Überwachungsglases geschützt, indem das Rückströmen bz. Diffundieren des unter Druck stehenden Gases des Hochtemperaturreaktors in das Innere der Sauerstofflanze ausgeschlossen wird, wo sich ansonsten ein explosives Gemisch bildet, wenn die Lanze außer Betrieb ist.The combination fuel / oxygen lance is preferred designed so that a subset of the for combustion of the heating gas required oxygen flows through the oxygen lances. This will make the the high temperature nozzle of the lance this oxygen flow is constantly cooled, even if no lance oxygen would be required. Through this Measure the burner from damage or before Pollution of the UV monitoring glass protected, by the backflow or diffusion of the under Pressure of the high temperature reactor in the interior of the oxygen lance is excluded, where an explosive mixture would otherwise form if the lance is out of order.

Dadurch, daß im oberen Bereich des Reaktors, d.h. oberhalb der Beschickungsstelle, die Sauerstofflanzen entgegen der Strömungsrichtung der vergasenden Bestandteile angeordnet sind, also die aufsteigende Strömung der Synthesegase gebremst wird, erhöht sich ihre Verweilzeit in der Beruhigungszone, wodurch sowohl eine Nachvergasung eventuell noch mitgeführter Kohlenstoffanteile möglich wird, als auch die Zersetzung aller organischen Schadstoffe sichergestellt wird.The fact that in the upper region of the reactor, i.e. above the loading point, the oxygen lances against the direction of flow of the gasifying components are arranged, i.e. the ascending Flow of the synthesis gases is slowed down increases their residence time in the calming zone, which means both a post-gasification possibly carried along Carbon content becomes possible, as well as the decomposition all organic pollutants ensured becomes.

Die in Flußrichtung der auszuschmelzenden Mineral-und Metallbestandteile innerhalb der Schüttung im Reaktorbereich unterhalb der Beschickungsstelle orientierten Sauerstofflanzen begünstigen dort die gewünschte Komponententrennung, insbesondere dann, wenn Sauerstoff mit großer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit verwendet wird.The flow of the mineral and Metal components within the fill in the Oriented reactor area below the loading point Oxygen lances favor the desired one there Component separation, especially if Oxygen used at high flow rates becomes.

Dadurch, daß in den Beruhigungsraum in Form eines freien Gasraumes des Hochtemperaturreaktors zusätzlich Sauerstoff temperaturgeregelt in solchen Teilmengen eingedüst wird, kann hier die Temperatur durch eine Teilverbrennung des Synthesegases absolut konstant gehalten werden. Das Eindüsen von zusätzlichem Sauerstoff bietet darüberhinaus die Möglichkeit, die Gasströmung im Hochtemperaturbereich so zu verwirbeln, daß laminare Strömungsbereiche, die die genannten "Durchgangsstraßen" für Schadstoffe bilden könnten, nicht mehr entstehen. In einfacher Weise läßt sich eine zusätzliche Turbulenz dadurch erreichen, daß mehrere Sauerstoffdüsen zum Eindüsen der Sauerstoffteilmenge verwendet werden, die axial und/oder radial geneigt angeordnet werden. Durch den Einsatz der Sauerstofflanzen in Verbindung mit der Verwirbelung der vergasungsfähigen Bestandteile werden gleichzeitig partiell nicht oder noch nicht vollständig vergaste Bestandteile ebenfalls einer Vergasung unterzogen. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß es beim Betreiben des Reaktors nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, daß mit den reinen gasförmigen Bestandteilen auch solche in dem oberen Reaktorteil mitgeführt werden, die noch nicht oder nur partiell vergast sind. Diese Bestandteile werden nun durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausrichtung der Lanzen mit aufgewirbelt, erfaßt und durch die zugeführten Sauerstoff oxydativ umgewandelt und vergast. Dadurch wird der Verbrennungsprozeß weiterhin optimiert und in Richtung einer vollständigen Synthesegasbildung geführt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit dieser erfindungsgemäßen Ausrichtung der Sauerstofflanzen nicht nur eine "Nachvergasung" von partiell noch nicht oder noch nicht vollständig vergasten Bestandteilen stattfindet, sondern es kommt auch gleichzeitig bei diesen Betriebsbedingungen zu einer Crackung von noch im Vergasungsraum vorhandenen organischen Schadstoffrestspuren. Auch dies trägt weiter zu einer optimalen Synthesegasbildung bei. Zur Hochtemperaturvergasung werden mindestens zwei Sauerstofflanzen in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise ausgerichtet.The fact that in the relaxation room in the form of a free gas space of the high temperature reactor additionally Oxygen temperature-controlled in such subsets the temperature can be injected here partial combustion of the synthesis gas is absolutely constant being held. Injection of additional Oxygen also offers the possibility of Swirling gas flow in the high temperature range so that laminar flow areas that mentioned Could form "thoroughfares" for pollutants, no longer arise. In a simple way achieve additional turbulence that several oxygen nozzles for injecting the partial oxygen quantity be used axially and / or be arranged radially inclined. Because of the engagement the oxygen lances in connection with the swirling of the gasifiable constituents at the same time partially not or not yet completely gasified components of a gasification subjected. It has been shown that the Operation of the reactor cannot be excluded can that with the pure gaseous components also those carried in the upper part of the reactor, that are not yet or only partially gassed. These components are now the inventive Alignment of the lances with whirled up, recorded and oxidative by the supplied oxygen converted and gassed. This will make the combustion process continue to be optimized and in the direction a complete synthesis gas formation. It has been shown that with this Alignment of oxygen lances not just one "Post-gasification" of partially not yet or still components that are not completely gasified, but it also happens at the same time Operating conditions for a cracking still in the Gasification chamber existing traces of organic pollutants. This also contributes to an optimal one Syngas formation at. For high temperature gasification are at least two oxygen lances in the above described way aligned.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, mehr als zwei Sauerstofflanzen vorzusehen, wobei ein Teil der Sauerstofflanzen eine andere als die vorstehend beschriebene Ausrichtung besitzen kann. Die Sauerstofflanzen müssen dazu auch nicht in einer Ebene angeordnet sein, sondern sie können räumlich über den Vergasungsraum verteilt werden.Of course, it is also possible to have more than two Provide oxygen lances, part of the oxygen lances a different one than that described above Can have alignment. The oxygen lances do not have to be arranged on one level but they can be spatially across the gasification room be distributed.

Werden Sauerstofflanzen mit mindestens einer permanent brennenden, regelbaren Pilotflamme verwendet, so läßt sich die für die Schadstoffbeseitigung notwendige Temperatur in jedem Fall, also unabhängig von anderen Parametern, aufrecht erhalten.Become permanent with at least one oxygen lance burning, adjustable pilot flame used, so can the necessary for the removal of pollutants Temperature in every case, i.e. independent of others Parameters, maintained.

Diese Sauerstoflanzen werden mit prozeßeigenem Synthesegas oder auch extern zugeführten Brennstoffen bevorzugt stöchiometrisch betrieben, so daß sie für die jeweilige Hochtemperaturbehandlung erforderliche Mindesttemperatur eingestellt werden kann. Für die Hochtemperaturvergasung wird der Reaktorraum oberhalb der Beschickungsstelle auf > 1000 °C gehalten. Die Dimensionierung des Reaktorraumes wird so vorgenommen, daß bis zum Ausgang des Reaktors eine für die Einstellung des Gleichgewichtsverhältnisses ausreichende Verweilzeit verbleibt, bis das Synthesegas zur Vermeidung der Neubildung von organischen Verbindungen schockgekühlt wird.These oxygen lances are used with the process's own synthesis gas or externally supplied fuels preferably operated stoichiometrically, so that they are for the respective high temperature treatment required Minimum temperature can be set. For the High temperature gasification becomes the reactor room above the loading point is kept at> 1000 ° C. The Dimensioning of the reactor space is carried out in such a way that up to the exit of the reactor one for the Setting the balance ratio sufficient Dwell time remains until the synthesis gas for Avoiding the formation of new organic compounds is chilled.

Die Sauerstofflanzen im unteren Bereich, d.h. zur Einschmelzung bzw. Aufschmelzung der anorganischen Bestandteile, sind erfindungsgemäß so ausgerichtet, daß sie die Flußrichtung der abfließenden Schmelze unterstützen. Auch hierbei ist es gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung erforderlich, daß mindestens zwei Lanzen in dieser Richtung ausgerichtet sind. Bevorzugt wird dabei so vorgegangen, daß mehrere Lanzen dem ellipsenförmigen Reaktorboden folgend vorgesehen sind. Die Lanzen, die hierfür eingesetzt werden, entsprechen im wesentlichen den Lanzen, wie sie aus der DE 195 12 249.6 bekannt sind. Auf den Offenbarungsgehalt dieses Dokumentes wird deshalb ausdrücklich Bezug genommen. Wesentlich ist, daß der Lanzensauerstoff auf zumindest annäherungsweise Schallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt wird, so daß er auch in der Lage ist, mit genügend Druck in die ein- bzw. aufschmelzenden anorganischen Bestandteile vorzudringen. Durch die hohe Geschwindigkeit wird gleichzeitig ein Zusetzen der Sauerstofflanze verhindert. Diese Hochtemperaturbehandlung wird bei Temperaturen bevorzugt unter 2000 °C durchgeführt.The oxygen lances in the lower area, i.e. to Melting or melting of the inorganic Ingredients are aligned according to the invention that it is the flow direction of the melt flowing away support. Here too it is according to the present Invention required that at least two Lances are aligned in this direction. Prefers the procedure is such that several lances provided following the elliptical reactor bottom are. The lances used for this correspond essentially the lances as they come from the DE 195 12 249.6 are known. On the revelation content this document is therefore explicit Referred. It is essential that the lance oxygen to at least approximately the speed of sound is accelerated so that he is also able is, with enough pressure in the melting or melting penetrate inorganic components. By the high speed becomes a clogging at the same time prevents the oxygen lance. This high temperature treatment is preferred at temperatures below 2000 ° C carried out.

In einer Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß zusätzlich zu den vorstehend beschriebenen Sauerstofflanzen im Bereich der Einschmelzung und Aufschmelzung noch weitere Brenner im Bereich der Homogenisierung angeordnet sind. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist vorgesehen, den Bereich für die Homogenisierung so auszugestalten, daß eine nahezu vollständige Homogenisierung der aufgeschmolzenen anorganischen Bestandteile erfolgen kann. Zur Unterstützung ist vorgesehen, daß im Homogenisierungsteil des Reaktors auslaßseitig zusätzlich Brenner angeordnet sind, wobei diese Brenner nicht zwingend mit Sauerstofflanzen bestückt sein müssen, sondern Brenner herkömmlicher Art sein können. Diese Brenner sind so angeordnet, daß sie der Flußrichtung der abfließenden Schmelze entgegengerichtet sind. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß eventuell noch vorhandene Feststoffagglomerate durch den gerichteten Brenner wieder zurückgedrängt bzw. am Fließen gehindert werden, so daß eine genügend lange Verweilzeit vorhanden ist, um eine Aufschmelzung und damit eine Homogenisierung auch dieser noch vorhandenen Rest-Feststoffagglomerate zu erreichen. Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt somit die schockartige Abkühlung der Schmelze zur Erstarrung mittels Wasserstrahlen erst dann, wenn in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise eine vollständige Homogenisierung der Schmelze eingetreten ist.In a further development it is provided that in addition to the oxygen lances described above in Range of melting and melting still more Burner arranged in the area of homogenization are. In the method according to the invention, to design the area for homogenization that almost complete homogenization of the melted inorganic components can be done. To provide support, that in the homogenization part of the reactor burner are also arranged on the outlet side, wherein these burners do not necessarily have oxygen lances must be equipped, but burners more conventional Can be kind. These burners are arranged that it corresponds to the direction of flow of the flowing melt are opposed. This ensures that any solid agglomerates still present the directed burner pushed back or on Flow is prevented, so that a long enough Residence time is available to a melting and thus a homogenization of these still existing To achieve residual solid agglomerates. According to the invention the shock-like cooling takes place the melt to solidify using water jets only if in the manner described above complete homogenization of the melt occurred is.

Wird mindestens ein Brenner im Bereich der Schmelzehomogenisierung überstöchiometrisch, d.h. mit Sauerstoffüberschuß, betrieben, so findet die Homogenisierung in einer oxidierenden Atmosphäre statt. Durch Nachoxidation wird dabei die Stabilität der ausgeschmolzenen Mineralstoffe verbessert.Is at least one burner in the area of melt homogenization superstoichiometric, i.e. with excess oxygen, operated, so the homogenization takes place in an oxidizing atmosphere. By Post-oxidation is the stability of the melted Minerals improved.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Sauerstoffzufuhr der Sauerstofflanzen und/oder Brennstoffzufuhr der Pilotflammen in Abhängigkeit vom Heizwert der Entsorgungsgüter so geregelt, daß jeweils eine nahezu konstante Synthesegaszusammensetzung und/oder -menge resultiert. Diese Vorgehensweise gleicht somit unterschiedliche Heizwerte der über die Beschickungsöffnung zugeführten Versorgungsgüter aus. Wie eingangs im Stand der Technik geschildert, geht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch von heterogenem Müll aus. Die Heizwerte von heterogenem Müll variieren jedoch sehr stark, da der Müll zum einen sehr viele organische Bestandteile und damit einen hohen Heizwert oder aber mehr anorganische Bestandteile bzw. Feuchtigkeit und damit einen niedrigen Heizwert aufweisen kann. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird so vorgegangen, daß am gasseitigen Ausgang jeweils die Zusammensetzung des Synthesegasgemisches bestimmt wird und die Sauerstoffzufuhr der Sauerstofflanzen in Abhängigkeit vom Heizwert geregelt wird, d.h. die Sauerstofflanzen werden so betrieben, daß jeweils am gasseitigen Ausgang eine konstante Synthesegaszusammensetzung erzielt wird.In the method according to the invention, the oxygen supply the oxygen lances and / or fuel supply of the pilot flames depending on the calorific value of the Disposal goods regulated in such a way that almost each constant synthesis gas composition and / or quantity results. This procedure is therefore different Calorific values via the loading opening supplied supplies. As at the beginning described in the prior art, the invention Process also from heterogeneous waste. However, the calorific values of heterogeneous waste vary very strong, because the garbage is very organic Components and thus a high calorific value or but more inorganic components or moisture and can therefore have a low calorific value. In the method according to the invention, the procedure is as follows that the composition at the gas-side outlet of the synthesis gas mixture is determined and the Depending on the oxygen supply of the oxygen lances is regulated by the calorific value, i.e. the oxygen lances are operated so that each at the gas-side output achieved a constant synthesis gas composition becomes.

Claims (13)

  1. Method for operating a high-temperature reactor for treating heterogeneous waste disposal materials, such as industrial, special and domestic waste, in which the waste disposal materials, if appropriate having been thermally pretreated and/or compressed, are introduced, via a feed station, into the reactor and beneath the feed station form a loose bulk gasification bed in which the inorganic or organic constituents can be subjected, by means of oxygen, to incipient melting or gasification and homogenization, and above the feed station the gaseous gasification products are subjected to a high-temperature treatment with oxygen being added, in order to form and stabilize synthesis gas, characterized in that water-cooled oxygen lances are used for the high-temperature treatment, at least two oxygen lances being arranged beneath the feed station, in such a way that they assist the direction of flow of the incipiently melting or melted waste disposal materials, and in that at least two oxygen lances are arranged above the feed station, in such a way that they inhibit the flow of the rising gaseous constituents.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen is injected, in a temperature-controlled manner, into the free gas space, which is designed in a manner known per se as a dwell zone, of the high-temperature reactor in partial quantities which are such that partial combustion of the synthesis gas which is possible as a result keeps the temperature above the gasification bed constantly above approximately 1000°C, and in that the injection of oxygen takes place in such a way that it leads to turbulence in the gases, without there being any possibility of streaks or striations being formed and with complete, homogeneous gas mixing being ensured.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heat is additionally supplied to the high-temperature reactor in order to maintain the minimum temperatures of the thermal processes through the use of oxygen lances which have at least one permanently burning pilot flame which is operated stoichiometrically with process-internal synthesis gases and/or externally supplied fuels.
  4. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the oxygen lances are operated in such a way that gasification of constituents which have partially not been gasified or have not yet completely been gasified takes place and/or in that residual traces of organic pollutants which are present from the gasification process are cracked.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the high-temperature treatment is carried out at temperatures of > 1000°C.
  6. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lance oxygen from the oxygen lances arranged beneath the feed station is accelerated to at least approximately the speed of sound.
  7. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a partial quantity of the fuel oxygen flows constantly through the oxygen lance, so that the nozzle of the lance is cooled and protected from contamination by this flow of oxygen even if no lance oxygen were required.
  8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the high-temperature treatment takes place at temperatures of up to over > 1600°C.
  9. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reaction space above the feed station is dimensioned to be sufficiently large for a residence time, up to the gas-side outlet, which is sufficient to establish equilibrium conditions to remain until the synthesis gas is shock-cooled, in order to avoid the formation of new organic compounds.
  10. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reactor beneath the feed i station is designed in such a way that on the outlet side it has a homogenization region which is dimensioned in such a way that it allows complete homogenization and phase separation of the molten material flowing out, before this molten material is cooled in order to solidify.
  11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the temperature in the homogenization region is held at > 1500°C by at least one additional burner, at least one burner being oriented in such a way that its flame is directed oppositely to the direction of flow of the molten material flowing out.
  12. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that at least one burner whose flame is operated under superstoichiometric conditions, in such a manner that an oxidizing atmosphere prevails in the homogenization region, is used.
  13. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the supply of oxygen to the oxygen lances is regulated in such a way that a virtually constant quantity and composition of synthesis gas results.
EP97101505A 1996-02-16 1997-01-31 Process for operating a high-temperature reactor for the treatment of waste products Expired - Lifetime EP0790291B1 (en)

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DE19605810 1996-02-16
DE19605810 1996-02-16
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DE19637195A DE19637195C2 (en) 1996-02-16 1996-09-12 Process for operating a high-temperature reactor for the treatment of waste

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Cited By (3)

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DE102006040770A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-13 Thermoselect Ag Process for the production of fuels from waste
WO2009122225A2 (en) 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Raisz Ivan Process for the preparation of syngas and methanol from organic wastes
EP2620426A1 (en) 2012-01-27 2013-07-31 Thermoselect AG Method for producing urea from waste, preferably domestic waste, of any composition

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EP1148295B1 (en) 1999-01-27 2011-03-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Gasification melting furnace for wastes and gasification melting method
DE19949142C1 (en) * 1999-10-12 2001-05-10 Thermoselect Ag Vaduz Process and device for the disposal and utilization of waste goods
DE10004138C2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2002-05-16 Thermoselect Ag Vaduz Process and device for the disposal and recycling of waste goods
PL2158978T3 (en) * 2008-08-26 2012-10-31 Litesso Anstalt Method for manufacturing solid particles
US9458099B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2016-10-04 Thermoselect Aktiengesellschaft Method of manufacturing urea from refuse, preferably domestic waste, of any composition
CN104341322B (en) * 2013-07-30 2016-08-24 热选择有限公司 By having any garbage formed, preferably Household waste gurry, the method preparing carbamide
IT201600100814A1 (en) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-07 Processi Innovativi S R L Process and plant for the production of waste syngas, preferably industrial or municipal waste and related associated products.
RU2674158C1 (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-12-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук (ОИВТ РАН) Installation for producing liquid hydrocarbons from biomass

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DE1287724B (en) * 1965-04-07 1969-01-23 Rummel Roman Device for gasifying or burning fuels
DE3031680A1 (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-11 Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg METHOD FOR GAS GENERATION
EP0210613A3 (en) * 1985-07-27 1987-06-16 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Method of gasifying solid carbonaceous materials and apparatus therefor
US5534659A (en) * 1994-04-18 1996-07-09 Plasma Energy Applied Technology Incorporated Apparatus and method for treating hazardous waste
DE19512249C2 (en) * 1994-06-10 1996-11-07 Thermoselect Ag Process for operating an oxygen lance in high-temperature gasification of heterogeneous waste

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006040770A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-13 Thermoselect Ag Process for the production of fuels from waste
WO2009122225A2 (en) 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Raisz Ivan Process for the preparation of syngas and methanol from organic wastes
EP2620426A1 (en) 2012-01-27 2013-07-31 Thermoselect AG Method for producing urea from waste, preferably domestic waste, of any composition

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CN1143982C (en) 2004-03-31
JPH09314100A (en) 1997-12-09
CN1161424A (en) 1997-10-08
CA2196649A1 (en) 1997-08-17
CA2196649C (en) 2007-05-29
EP0790291A2 (en) 1997-08-20
EP0790291A3 (en) 1997-11-05
JP3121555B2 (en) 2001-01-09
ATE203267T1 (en) 2001-08-15

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