EP0787022A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum unterdrücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden brandes, insbesondere von kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum unterdrücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden brandes, insbesondere von kohlenwasserstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0787022A1 EP0787022A1 EP95935285A EP95935285A EP0787022A1 EP 0787022 A1 EP0787022 A1 EP 0787022A1 EP 95935285 A EP95935285 A EP 95935285A EP 95935285 A EP95935285 A EP 95935285A EP 0787022 A1 EP0787022 A1 EP 0787022A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- water
- source
- nozzles
- water mist
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for suppressing an explosion-like fire, in particular hydrocarbons, with the aid of a fire extinguishing agent which is distributed under pressure in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire, at a speed adapted to the rate of spread of the fire , as well as on a device for performing the method.
- halogenated carbons which are distributed in the space immediately surrounding the expected source of fire at a speed adapted to the speed of propagation of explosive petrol or oil fires.
- This distribution of the fire extinguishing agent in fractions of a second is achieved by pyrotechnically opening a pressure container under a corresponding pressure, from which the halogen carbon used is emptied into the space to be protected under the acting container pressure. Due to its anti-catalytic effect, this halocarbon prevents oxidation which is sufficient for the spread of fire without displacing the oxygen in the room to be protected to an extent which endangers survival in this room.
- a disadvantage of using such halogenated carbon materials is their environmental impact.
- the cooling of the source of the fire associated with halogenated carbon is comparatively low.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method for suppressing explosive fires, in particular hydrocarbons of the type described at the outset, in such a way that very effective fire suppression can be ensured using an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent.
- the invention solves this problem in that water, if appropriate mixed with additives, is sprayed as a fire extinguishing agent by atomizing in the form of water mist in a minimum amount of 0.03 l / m 3 in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire.
- the use of water in the form of a water mist causes a very large surface area of the water droplets in comparison to the amount of water used, so that this amount of water evaporates very quickly with the absorption of appropriate heat of evaporation, which brings about a very advantageous cooling of the source of the fire for fire fighting , from which this heat of vaporization is extracted.
- the evaporation-related transition from the liquid to the gaseous state of the water droplets is also associated with a very large increase in volume (factor 1600), with the effect that the air and thus the oxygen in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire are displaced by the water vapor produced. which prevents the oxidation necessary for the spread of fire.
- This oxygen displacement must be sufficient, which, given the volume changes given the transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, requires a certain amount of water per unit volume.
- the droplet size of the water mist does not play a decisive role, because it can be assumed that in a water mist the water droplets do not exceed a certain average size of about 400 ⁇ m and that at this maximum droplet size the different evaporation speeds for the displacement of oxygen due to the different droplet sizes differ without is decisive influence.
- Of essential importance when using water mist to suppress explosive fires is the evaporation of the water droplets controlled by the fire itself, which occurs increasingly wherever there is increased heat development.
- a prerequisite for suppressing an explosive fire is always that the fire extinguishing agent can be distributed in the area of the fire in a sufficiently short period of time that is adapted to the rate of spread of the fire.
- the spray path to the source of the fire must be restricted and sufficient acceleration of the water must be ensured in order to be able to fill the space in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire with the water mist in the specified minimum amount.
- water droplets of the water mist included an average speed of at least 5 m / s, preferably at least 10 m / s, sprayed after a distance of 1 m from the respective atomization site, so the usual framework conditions in the area of the fire source to be combated can be well met Number of nozzles the predetermined minimum amount of water volume per room unit can be ensured
- a pressurized water reservoir which is connected via at least one control valve to nozzles which are directed towards the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire.
- a water mist can be sprayed in an amount sufficient for the process within a period of time adapted to the speed of propagation of an explosive fire in the space immediately surrounding the expected source of fire, at least three, preferably at least five, are dependent on the flow rate of the nozzles
- the control valves having to have a pyrotechnic opening device which can be controlled by a fire detector, in order to ensure a sudden opening of the control valves and delays in the spraying of the water under a corresponding pressure due to the opening process to avoid the control valves.
- Optoelectronic, thermoelectronic or acoustic sensors can be used for the fire detectors.
- Another possibility of initiating the spraying of the water abruptly from a water container connected to a pressure application device is to form the pressure application device from a pressure chamber which is open to the water reservoir and is preferably closed by a pressure transmission body, in which a pressure chamber provided with an ignition device is formed Propellant charge is provided so that the propellant gases generated when the propellant charge is ignited cause the water from the water reservoir to be expelled through the connected nozzles without the need to actuate control valves.
- the nozzles could at most be provided with closures which open when there is a pressure load, as is the case in the simplest case with one below a certain one Stress-tearing film is reached.
- the pressure transmission body between the water reservoir and the pressure chamber not only brings about an advantageous introduction of pressure into the water reservoir, but also prevents the propellant gases from escaping into the space to be protected by the spray nozzles connected to the water reservoir.
- the ignition device for the propellant charge In order not to accept a delay between fire detection and the initiation of the extinguishing process, the ignition device for the propellant charge must be actuated via a fire detector.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for suppressing an explosion-like fire of hydrocarbons in a simplified block diagram
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a fire suppression device according to the invention, modified in comparison with FIG. 1, likewise in a block diagram.
- a plurality of spray heads 1 are connected to a pressurized water reservoir 3 via control valves 2. If the control valves 2 are opened, they can act on the water in the pressure water reservoir 3 due to the fact that
- control valves 2 Pressure the water from the water reservoir 3 in the spray heads 1 are sprayed, which are provided for this purpose with nozzles, not shown.
- nozzles not shown.
- pyrotechnic opening devices 4 which are triggered by a control device 5 when a fire detector 6 responds and the evaluation of the signals of the fire detector 6 an actuation of the control valves 2 jointly or in one certain selection results.
- Control valves 2 a spray of water is generated via the spray heads 1, which is sprayed into the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire and is to reach a density in a short time, for example in the range of 100 ms, which one
- all lines, including that of the spray heads 1 must be filled with water and a sufficient number of spray heads 1 must be provided, and sufficient pressure must be exerted on the water to be expelled via the spray heads 1.
- nozzle openings of 1 mm diameter With a suitable nozzle configuration, an average velocity of the mist droplets greater than 10 m / s is achieved at a pressure of 200 bar at a distance of 1 m from the spray heads 1, so that the conditions set are easily met can.
- the mean diameter of the mist droplets is less than 400 ⁇ m, e.g. B. at 200 microns.
- each spray head 1 is provided with a separate water reservoir 3, which merges into a pressure chamber 7, which has a propellant charge 8 with an ignition device 9.
- This propellant charge 8 acts via a pressure transmission body 10, for example a piston, on the water of the water tank 3, which is suddenly sprayed out of the nozzle heads 1 when the ignition device 9 is ignited.
- the ignition signals for the ignition devices 9 are emitted via a control device 5, which in turn is connected to a fire detector 6 for evaluating the received signals.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 can of course also be combined with one another, for example by adding a pressure chamber with a propellant charge to the water reservoir 3 according to FIG. 1 for pressurization in accordance with the proposal according to FIG. 2 is assigned.
- the devices shown achieve a very effective suppression of even explosive fires of hydrocarbons without endangering survival in the rooms to be protected or polluting the environment, because due to the evaporation of the water mist in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire effective oxygen displacement takes place and at the same time the source of the fire is cooled by the evaporation heat being removed.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT197294 | 1994-10-20 | ||
| AT1972/94 | 1994-10-20 | ||
| PCT/AT1995/000205 WO1996012526A1 (de) | 1994-10-20 | 1995-10-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum unterdrücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden brandes, insbesondere von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0787022A1 true EP0787022A1 (de) | 1997-08-06 |
Family
ID=3525041
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95935285A Withdrawn EP0787022A1 (de) | 1994-10-20 | 1995-10-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum unterdrücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden brandes, insbesondere von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5899277A (cs) |
| EP (1) | EP0787022A1 (cs) |
| KR (1) | KR970706869A (cs) |
| CZ (1) | CZ289335B6 (cs) |
| FI (1) | FI971604A7 (cs) |
| SK (1) | SK283213B6 (cs) |
| WO (1) | WO1996012526A1 (cs) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2803214B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-31 | 2005-06-10 | Aristide Paul Kaidonis | Dispositif generateur de brouillard destine notamment a equiper les vehicules de lutte contre les incendies dans les tunnels |
| US6752217B2 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2004-06-22 | Victaulic Company Of America | Dry accelerator for sprinkler system |
| US6378616B2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2002-04-30 | Victaulic Company Of America | Low pressure actuator for dry sprinkler system |
| US6666277B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2003-12-23 | Victaulic Company Of America | Low pressure pneumatic and gate actuator |
| US6708771B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2004-03-23 | Victaulic Company Of America | Low pressure electro-pneumatic and gate actuator |
| US6536533B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2003-03-25 | Victaulic Company Of America | Low pressure actuator for dry sprinkler system |
| DE60106718D1 (de) * | 2001-01-09 | 2004-12-02 | Desautel Lyon | Wassernebelvorrichtung für Feuerwehrfahrzeuge, insbesondere Tunnellöschfahrzeuge |
| DE10121730A1 (de) * | 2001-05-04 | 2002-11-28 | Man B & W Diesel As Kopenhagen | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Explosionssicherheit einer Maschine sowie mit einer hierfür geeigneten Vorrichtung versehene Maschine |
| US20070193753A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Adiga Kayyani C | A method and device for suppression of fire by local flooding with ultra-fine water mist |
| EP1312888B1 (de) * | 2001-11-16 | 2005-12-21 | Piexon AG | Vorrichtung mit einem Wirkstoff gefüllten bzw. füllbaren Speichertank und einer Vernebelungseinheit |
| KR100441310B1 (ko) * | 2002-02-22 | 2004-07-21 | 주식회사 윈 | 소방용 워트 미스트 장치. |
| KR100495358B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-05 | 2005-06-14 | 주식회사 육송 | 질소가스를 이용한 증류수 미분무 소화 장치 |
| ES2235604B1 (es) * | 2003-05-23 | 2006-07-01 | Corta-Fuegos Capricornio, S.L. | Sistema para el control y la extincion de incendios forestales. |
| EP1803488A1 (de) * | 2006-01-02 | 2007-07-04 | Luxembourg Patent Company S.A. | Feuerlöschvorrichtung mit Löschmittelbehälter sowie entsprechende Druckgasflasche |
| CN101560918B (zh) * | 2009-05-21 | 2012-03-14 | 詹朝润 | 用于油雾探测的控制电路 |
| US11547883B2 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-01-10 | Jacob Critchley | Utility and appliance fire suppression system |
| US12121764B2 (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2024-10-22 | Ilsun System Co., Ltd | Fire extinguishing devices with fire predicting function |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4224184A1 (de) * | 1992-07-22 | 1994-01-27 | Deugra Ges Fuer Brandschutzsys | Löschmittelbehälter |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT53948B (de) | 1911-07-31 | 1912-06-10 | Zeiss Carl Fa | Dreilinsiges Objektivsystem aus zwei Gliedern. |
| DE1455739A1 (de) * | 1965-04-06 | 1969-05-22 | Renato Perani | Automatische Vorrichtung fuer das Loeschen von Braenden an Bord von Motorfahrzeugen |
| US3523583A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1970-08-11 | Fenwal Inc | Fire and explosion suppressor |
| US3684021A (en) * | 1971-02-11 | 1972-08-15 | Fenwal Inc | Mine explosion suppression method and apparatus |
| US3773111A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1973-11-20 | B Dunn | Fire extinguishing apparatus |
| DE2213751A1 (de) * | 1972-03-22 | 1973-09-27 | Heinrich Kunel | Verfahren und einrichtung zur brandbekaempfung |
| DE2423447C2 (de) * | 1974-05-14 | 1982-11-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Automatische Brandmelde- und Löscheinrichtung |
| US4013128A (en) * | 1976-04-19 | 1977-03-22 | Walter Kidde & Company, Inc. | Modular fire protection system |
| SE423317B (sv) * | 1979-06-13 | 1982-05-03 | Bofors Ab | Sett och anordning vid utlosning av sprinklermunstycken |
| US4715447A (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1987-12-29 | Johnson Kimball W | Quick response automatic fire sprinkler head |
| FR2583293B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-14 | 1988-08-26 | Lejosne Alain | Dispositif pour combattre les incendies de forets |
| FR2597757B1 (fr) * | 1986-04-25 | 1990-10-05 | Thomson Csf | Perfectionnements a un extincteur a decharge rapide et a son procede de fabrication |
| US5224550A (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1993-07-06 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Explosion suppression system |
| IN172603B (cs) * | 1987-03-25 | 1993-10-23 | O Connell Michael Oliver | |
| DE3729195A1 (de) * | 1987-09-01 | 1989-03-09 | Joergen Brosow | Verfahren und einrichtung zum loeschen von braenden in gebaeuden |
| DK185691D0 (da) * | 1991-11-12 | 1991-11-12 | Torbjoern Gerner Laursen | Metode til slukning eller forhindring af brand |
| FI922623A0 (fi) * | 1992-06-05 | 1992-06-05 | Goeran Sundholm | Eldslaeckningsanordning. |
| FI934617A0 (fi) * | 1993-10-19 | 1993-10-19 | Suomen Pelastuskoulutus Oy | Sprinklersystem foer slaeckande av braend |
| CH689045A5 (de) * | 1993-12-23 | 1998-08-31 | Cerberus Ag | Verfahren zur Optimierung des Loeschmittelverbrauch und/oder der Loeschzeit und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens |
| US5495893A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1996-03-05 | Ada Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method to control deflagration of gases |
| HU213005B (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1997-01-28 | Szoecs | Device for dispersing fluid or dust to gas, mainly to air |
| US5520331A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1996-05-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Liquid atomizing nozzle |
-
1995
- 1995-10-19 CZ CZ19971193A patent/CZ289335B6/cs unknown
- 1995-10-19 SK SK482-97A patent/SK283213B6/sk unknown
- 1995-10-19 KR KR1019970702579A patent/KR970706869A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-10-19 EP EP95935285A patent/EP0787022A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-10-19 WO PCT/AT1995/000205 patent/WO1996012526A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-19 US US08/809,452 patent/US5899277A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-19 FI FI971604A patent/FI971604A7/fi unknown
-
1998
- 1998-10-16 US US09/174,530 patent/US6047777A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4224184A1 (de) * | 1992-07-22 | 1994-01-27 | Deugra Ges Fuer Brandschutzsys | Löschmittelbehälter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ119397A3 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
| US5899277A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
| FI971604L (fi) | 1997-04-21 |
| SK283213B6 (sk) | 2003-03-04 |
| CZ289335B6 (cs) | 2002-01-16 |
| FI971604A7 (fi) | 1997-04-21 |
| SK48297A3 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
| US6047777A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
| FI971604A0 (fi) | 1997-04-16 |
| KR970706869A (ko) | 1997-12-01 |
| WO1996012526A1 (de) | 1996-05-02 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19970509 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| RAX | Requested extension states of the european patent have changed |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19990412 |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: PROTECHNIK PRODUKTIONS GMBH |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20010807 |