EP0783829A1 - Elektrisches wärmeelement sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Elektrisches wärmeelement sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0783829A1 EP0783829A1 EP95927738A EP95927738A EP0783829A1 EP 0783829 A1 EP0783829 A1 EP 0783829A1 EP 95927738 A EP95927738 A EP 95927738A EP 95927738 A EP95927738 A EP 95927738A EP 0783829 A1 EP0783829 A1 EP 0783829A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- heating
- electrical
- wire
- element according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical heating element, in particular in the form of a band-shaped, web-shaped or mat-shaped electrical heating element, with an electrical line arrangement provided therein, and an associated method for its production.
- Heating mats Large-scale electrical heating systems using heating mats have become known, for example, from the magazine "Elektrizticiansverêt", vol. 52 (1977), No. 3.
- This known heating mat comprises a resistance conductor with a plurality of wires, over which an insulating sleeve with a permanent heat resistance is attached There is a jacket made of heat-stabilizing PVC. These heating circuits are covered with a film made of thermoplastic plastic using the vacuum deep-drawing process. This fixes the heating conductors at the required intervals.
- Heating mats with one- or two-sided PTC thermistor connections are provided. Such heating mats can be used, for example, as underfloor or open space heating.
- the proportion and distribution of the graphite determine the electrical resistance. It increases with increasing temperature, ie the tape has a positive temperature k coefficient (PTC). For this reason, the heating tape uses its temperature-dependent resistance at every point in the pipeline (regardless of the position of the sensor of the thermostat) to adjust its heating output according to the local conditions.
- PTC positive temperature k coefficient
- the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical heating or heating element and a method for the production thereof, which can in principle be made flat in different size dimensions and which is also easy to manufacture in terms of production technology.
- the heating element should have favorable electrical properties for use as a heating and heating element.
- the at least one wire used is in the form of a knitted fabric.
- the type and shape of this knitted fabric can be chosen completely differently. It can be manufactured, for example, on weaving, braiding or Raschel machines. Completely different types of weave of the stitches are also possible.
- the mesh-shaped electrical wire conductor which is not provided with an insulating sheath (so that the meshes can form a variety of electrical contacts with one another), is incorporated in a shrinkable bandage or composite.
- This additionally provided shrinkable composite material ensures that the individual wires, ie the individual wire meshes, are pressed against one another by the shrinkage provided according to the invention. This ensures a specific, comprehensive contracting of the individual wire-shaped meshes with one another, so that a largely regular current flow through this knitted fabric can be ensured (in the case of an irregular wire arrangement, the wire could otherwise be annealed or burned off at different points due to excessive current strengths, whereas in other places the wire in the form of a mesh may hardly be warms because the resistance at the various points is otherwise irregular.
- a textile shrinkable thread is used as the mesh-shaped composite material.
- the heating or heating element according to the invention thus consists of a knitted fabric in which at least one electrical wire conductor, at least one textile shrinkable thread has been knitted, woven, interwoven, etc. to form a common composite knitted fabric.
- Appropriate material-dependent heating of the composite material results in the desired shrinkage of the flat, prefabricated heating or heating element in the form of a knitted fabric by about 20%. caused, whereby at the same time a solidification of the tape is achieved compared to the starting knitwear.
- the individual meshes formed from the at least one electrical wire are now held in a desired connection to one another, in which the individual mesh loops of the wire have multiple contact with an adjacent wire loop.
- the desired ohmic resistance value can be set comparatively easily differently in the electrical heating element according to the invention.
- the electrical heating element produced in the form of a knitted strip can have an ohmic value of 19 ⁇ / m in the raw state. Depending on the tension (elongation), this value can vary in width and length. tion can be changed according to the desired requirements.
- the ohmic value of the strip can then be set to a value of 1, for example, with the setting of a certain pressure and tension (in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction) and depending on the length of time in the heating furnace ⁇ / m to 50 ⁇ / m can be set.
- the corresponding resistance value (Oh value) is stable and can no longer be changed (unless the heating element is subjected to high mechanical stress, for example kinking, etc.).
- the heating or heating element according to the invention is characterized by another completely surprising effect.
- an electrical ash-shaped heating element has a resistance value of 2.4 ⁇ / m and thus, for example, a two meter long band is divided into two sections each one meter long in the longitudinal direction, the resistance value increases to, for example, 3.7 ⁇ / m in each band.
- the resistance value does not increase linearly with increasing band length. If a one-meter-long electrical heating element according to the invention has a resistance value of 2.5 ⁇ , for example, a 20-meter-long electrical heating element (with the same construction as in the first case) has a resistance value of only 30 ⁇ . One would expect a 20-meter long tape to have a resistance value that is 20 times as large, namely 50 ⁇ .
- the heating elements according to the invention can be designed to be comparatively large and, above all, comparatively long in order to still achieve optimal heating outputs since the resistance value does not increase linearly!
- the electrical heating or heating element according to the invention can be operated with both high and low voltage, it being possible to work with direct or alternating current voltage.
- Figure 1 a schematic representation of the detail
- FIG. 2 a schematic representation of the band-shaped electrical heating element in the raw state
- FIG. 3 a schematic representation of the electrical band-shaped heating element after the shrinking process
- Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the finished electrical tape-shaped heating element including a protective covering surrounding the tape.
- a textile thread 3 made of polyimide with a thread diameter of N 16/1 and an electrical line wire 5, ie in the exemplary embodiment shown a thin resistance wire with a diameter of 0.12 mm, consisting of a copper-nickel alloy with an ohmic value of 35.37 ⁇ / m.
- the knitting weave on both sides is shown schematically with reference to FIG. 1, namely with the so-called first and second rows A and B.
- the needles 4 are used to knit the textile thread 3 and the conductor wire 5 in parallel and continuously.
- row A the so-called "catch 6" is knitted on the rear needles 4 and the so-called “stitches 8" are knitted on the front needles.
- a continuous knitted fabric in the described "Fang” knit weave creates the so-called “sticks” and thus the ribbed structure of the heating tape.
- the knitted band-shaped resistance element produced on the basis of the data at the end of the table, it then comprises 305 meters of resistance wire and 305 meters of textile thread, in the present case polyimide thread, over one meter of strip length.
- the tape coming from the knitting machine has a width of e.g. 7.5 cm. In its raw state, it has an ohmic value of 19 ⁇ / m.
- the corresponding band-shaped electrical heating or heating element is fed batchwise or continuously through a heating or shrinking furnace, which in the The embodiment shown is heated to a temperature value depending on the textile thread used, so that the textile thread can shrink.
- Aus ⁇ a shrink temperature of 330 * C is selected.
- the band-shaped heating element can be held in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction by suitable measures and can be subjected to tension, so that corresponding tensile forces in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction are introduced onto the band-shaped electrical heating element .
- a different resistance value of the finished band-shaped electrical heating element depending on this can be set.
- the final resistance value also depends on the total time of the shrinking process, i.e. the length of time in the heating furnace.
- the electrical band-shaped heating element which in the raw state has a width of, for example, 7.5 cm, has shrunk to a width of 5.5 cm.
- the shrunk band-shaped heating or heating element has a certain stiffness, but it can nevertheless still bent, especially wound up into rolls.
- the wires in the form of meshes are pressed against one another in such a way that there is multiple contact between the individual wire meshes and adjacent wire meshes. Due to the shrinkage forces the wire meshes (which cannot shrink compared to the textile thread) are held in a desired predefined contact position with one another. This ensures that the contact of the wires follows a certain scheme and system in order to ensure a comparatively regular current flow through the entire bandwidth in the current direction. This also prevents the wire from cooling or burning off at other points, or from the wire being scarcely warmed up at other points, in an irregular wire arrangement with irregular contacts and wires among one another , since the individual stitches may not be in contact with each other.
- the shrunk heating or heating element in the exemplary embodiment shown with a width of, for example, 5.5 cm (compared to a width of probably 7.5 cm before shrinking) can be produced in any length and wound up into rolls . On site, it can be cut to any length by cutting.
- the band can also be welded into a protective sheath shown in FIG. 4, for example made of PFT plastic material 9 (in FIG. 4, the longitudinal ends of the narrow plastic web at 11 are superimposed and in the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrical material) Heating element welded together).
- This plastic sheathing also provides insulation protection, for applications in which a non-conductive insulating sheathing is required. The welding with the insulating sheathing is preferably carried out before winding the band-shaped heating and heating element to the final, ready-for-sale
- a band-shaped resistance element which, after the shrinking process, has the data shown in the table, that is to say in particular has a resistance value of 2.4 ⁇ / m.
- a one-meter-long band-shaped heating element in accordance with the manufacturing data shown in the table has, for example, a resistance value of 2.5 ⁇ .
- a twenty-meter-long resistance element produced under the same conditions does not have an overall resistance value of 50 ⁇ , but only about 30 ⁇ .
- the heating or heating element can be operated with both raw and low voltage and thus heated. Direct or alternating voltage can be applied.
- the exemplary embodiment has been described for the case of a band-shaped resistance element.
- film-like, in particular mat-like, heating elements can be produced in the same large area.
- a heating and heating element comprising several layers, that is to say a plurality of mesh layers in the thickness direction, can also be produced and used.
- band-shaped electrical heating element has a mechanical separation or insulation in its central region (that is to say the electrical wires are possibly interrupted here), the electrically formed ones not being connected Band halves are bridged at one of their ends by means of an electrical bridging so that the electrical connection can be made at the opposite end of the bridging.
- the positive pole is then connected to the one half of the strip and the negative pole, for example, to the so-called “cold spots” adjacent to one another on the other half of the strip.
- the electrical heating or heating element in particular the band, web or mat-shaped or similarly formed electrical heating or heating element, which consists of a knitted fabric, is on the one hand using one or more wires and on the other hand using one or more Textile threads (3) formed, as can be seen from the above-mentioned embodiments.
- the heating or heating element according to the invention is characterized in that the textile thread (3) or the textile threads (3) consists or consist of a shrinkable material, and that the heating or heating element by shrinking the electrical resistance wire (5 ) or the electrical resistance wires (5) and the knitted fabric or the textile threads (3).
- stitch knitted e.g. manufactured on knitting, weaving, electrical braiding or Raschel heating element machines in the raw state
- Any number of 39 stitches e.g. more than
- Tractive force across any, as long as desired, as long as the final state is non-destructive, non-destructive
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4434956A DE4434956A1 (de) | 1994-09-29 | 1994-09-29 | Elektrisches Wärmeelement sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE4434956 | 1994-09-29 | ||
PCT/EP1995/002992 WO1996010322A1 (de) | 1994-09-29 | 1995-07-27 | Elektrisches wärmeelement sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0783829A1 true EP0783829A1 (de) | 1997-07-16 |
EP0783829B1 EP0783829B1 (de) | 1998-05-27 |
Family
ID=6529596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95927738A Expired - Lifetime EP0783829B1 (de) | 1994-09-29 | 1995-07-27 | Elektrisches wärmeelement sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6020578A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0783829B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE166764T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3166995A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4434956A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996010322A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6531687B2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2003-03-11 | I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh | Knitted two-dimensional heating element |
US6303905B1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2001-10-16 | Bask Technologies Llc | Heating element construction for floor warming systems |
US8914590B2 (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2014-12-16 | Pact Xpp Technologies Ag | Data processing method and device |
US20100322601A1 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-23 | Emerson Electric Co. | Electric broil element |
DE102011120421B4 (de) | 2011-12-08 | 2016-05-19 | Mann + Hummel Gmbh | Fluidführendes Gehäuse einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer elektrisch betriebenen Heizeinrichtung |
EP2964820B1 (de) * | 2013-03-06 | 2018-07-25 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain LLC | Wärmegeschrumpfte textilhülse mit einem verstärkten elektrofunktionellen garn und verfahren zur herstellung davon |
JP6453779B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-08 | 2019-01-16 | フェデラル−モーグル・パワートレイン・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニーFederal−Mogul Powertrain Llc | 伸長可能な電子機能糸リードを有する巻付き可能な繊維スリーブおよびその構成の方法 |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1703005A (en) * | 1928-01-05 | 1929-02-19 | Frank W Hewitt | Electric heating pad and fabric |
US2396099A (en) * | 1944-02-24 | 1946-03-05 | Metal Textile Corp | Electrical resistance and method of producing same |
DE867263C (de) * | 1948-02-18 | 1953-02-16 | Henry Herbert Goldstaub | Biegsames elektrisches Heizelement |
US2670620A (en) * | 1950-08-29 | 1954-03-02 | Goldstaub Henry Herbert | Flexible electric heating element |
US2797296A (en) * | 1955-07-25 | 1957-06-25 | Paul L Fowler | Electric heater |
DE1186157B (de) * | 1957-06-13 | 1965-01-28 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Elektrisches flexibles Heizelement |
US2967415A (en) * | 1957-06-13 | 1961-01-10 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Electrical heating element |
US2922867A (en) * | 1958-05-08 | 1960-01-26 | Electrofilm Inc | Conductive surface coverage electrical heating elements |
US3472289A (en) * | 1966-11-10 | 1969-10-14 | Brunswick Corp | Heater fabric |
US3448573A (en) * | 1968-02-12 | 1969-06-10 | Ici Ltd | High tenacity yarns made from polyethylene terephthalate,particularly for sailcloth |
US3748844A (en) * | 1971-08-04 | 1973-07-31 | Du Pont | Polyester yarn |
GB1507973A (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1978-04-19 | Chell F | Knitted fabric |
US4143197A (en) * | 1977-05-11 | 1979-03-06 | J. P. Stevens & Co., Inc. | Aramid yarn fabrics and method of dimensional stabilization of same by heat setting |
US4876774A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1989-10-31 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Method for preparing heat set fabrics |
JPS59224089A (ja) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-15 | 佐藤 亮拿 | 網状回路による加熱保温器 |
JPS60111653A (ja) * | 1983-11-22 | 1985-06-18 | 日本電熱株式会社 | 筒状発熱編み物 |
JPH07118373B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-23 | 1995-12-18 | 日本電熱株式会社 | たて編式発熱編み物 |
US5484983A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1996-01-16 | Tecnit-Techische Textilien Und Systeme Gmbh | Electric heating element in knitted fabric |
ES2101825T3 (es) * | 1991-09-11 | 1997-07-16 | Tecnit Gmbh | Elemento de calefaccion electrico. |
-
1994
- 1994-09-29 DE DE4434956A patent/DE4434956A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-07-27 AU AU31669/95A patent/AU3166995A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-27 EP EP95927738A patent/EP0783829B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-27 WO PCT/EP1995/002992 patent/WO1996010322A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-27 US US08/809,029 patent/US6020578A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-27 AT AT95927738T patent/ATE166764T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-27 DE DE59502361T patent/DE59502361D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9610322A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1996010322A1 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
EP0783829B1 (de) | 1998-05-27 |
AU3166995A (en) | 1996-04-19 |
DE59502361D1 (de) | 1998-07-02 |
US6020578A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
DE4434956A1 (de) | 1996-06-05 |
ATE166764T1 (de) | 1998-06-15 |
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