EP0782886B1 - Dispositif pour appliquer des produits pâteux - Google Patents
Dispositif pour appliquer des produits pâteux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0782886B1 EP0782886B1 EP19960810877 EP96810877A EP0782886B1 EP 0782886 B1 EP0782886 B1 EP 0782886B1 EP 19960810877 EP19960810877 EP 19960810877 EP 96810877 A EP96810877 A EP 96810877A EP 0782886 B1 EP0782886 B1 EP 0782886B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle arrangement
- capsules
- component
- baffles
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00503—Details of the outlet element
- B05C17/00506—Means for connecting the outlet element to, or for disconnecting it from, the hand tool or its container
- B05C17/00513—Means for connecting the outlet element to, or for disconnecting it from, the hand tool or its container of the thread type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00503—Details of the outlet element
- B05C17/00516—Shape or geometry of the outlet orifice or the outlet element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00553—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with means allowing the stock of material to consist of at least two different components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00576—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes characterised by the construction of a piston as pressure exerting means, or of the co-operating container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00583—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes the container for the material to be dispensed being deformable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/00586—Means, generally located near the nozzle, for piercing or perforating the front part of a cartridge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
- B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
- B05C17/01—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with manually mechanically or electrically actuated piston or the like
- B05C17/0103—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with manually mechanically or electrically actuated piston or the like with electrically actuated piston or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for emptying tubular bags according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- DE 31 51 664 describes a device for activating and discharging a microencapsulated Two-component adhesive is known.
- the device has an activating screw with a conical adhesive End part on.
- the activating screw is axially displaceable against a spring force, that between the tapered end of the activation screw and a conical funnel formed irrespective of the wear of the Parts that define the annular gap have an optimal width.
- the microcapsules are activated in this annular gap by the elements delimiting the annular gap be broken up.
- US 3 826 580 is a dispenser for breaking up and applying a microencapsulated Form known 2-component adhesive known.
- the dispenser instructs hollow cylindrical housing in which an axially displaceable piston is added is.
- the dispenser is provided with a plurality of holes, whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the capsules, so that the latter be broken open when passing through the holes.
- the invention has for its object one according to the preamble of the claim 1 designed device for applying 2-component masses, where the components only react after they emerge from the tubular bag, nevertheless should be mixed homogeneously.
- the components By providing a two-stage nozzle arrangement which is in a first stage Has means for activating one component of the 2-K mass, and which in a second stage with organs for homogeneous mixing of the two components is provided, the components only react after exiting the Tubular bag, so that, for example, the hardening process of the applied mass can be influenced or accelerated in a defined manner.
- Fig. 1 is a first and in Fig. 1a a second embodiment of a Tubular bag visible.
- the tubular bag 5 according to FIG. 1 is on both sides closed by a clip Kl, while the tubular bag 31 according to FIG. 1a has an approximately flat bottom.
- Such a tubular bag which preferably is designed as a folded bottom bag is on one side of a bracket Kl closed or cross-welded and has a dimensionally stable on the other side Neck St, which is welded to the bottom of the bag.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a device for emptying tubular bags in one Side view.
- the device consists essentially of a base body 1, one Nozzle arrangement 2, a cover 3 and a drive unit 4, which designed to move a squeezing piston accommodated in the base body 1, however, it cannot be seen from this illustration.
- the base body 1 is through a tubular body is formed, which has a hollow cylindrical inside Chamber has.
- the ejection piston is slidably received in this chamber.
- the inside diameter of the chamber is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the increasing tubular bag in it, so that the latter when squeezed is positively embraced by the base body 1.
- the Base body 1 has an external thread.
- the nozzle arrangement 2 is fastened by means of the closure cover 3, while the Base body 1 is screwed into the drive unit 4 at the rear end.
- FIG. 3 shows the nozzle arrangement 2 in a longitudinal section and FIG. 3a in a cross section along the line A1-A1 in Fig. 3.
- the nozzle arrangement 2 shown here is trained to activate a 2-component mass, in which the one component is contained in encapsulated form in the other component.
- mass is an adhesive in which the capsules included component accelerates the curing of the applied adhesive.
- the nozzle arrangement 2 has an insert 20, which follows is explained in more detail.
- the nozzle arrangement 2 is provided with a nozzle body 14 provided, which consists of a rear, tapered section 15 and a front, cylindrical portion 16 is made.
- a removable one Front piece 17 provided, the end with a V-shaped recess 29 is provided.
- This V-shaped recess 29 causes the adhesive in The shape of a caterpillar is applied.
- the front piece 17 is by means of a quick-connect connection 18 fixed to the cylindrical portion 16 such that this can be removed by a rotary movement if necessary.
- a removable Front piece 17 is intended to offer the user the possibility of the degree of curing check the applied bead of adhesive, as explained in more detail below becomes.
- the rear section 15 of the Nozzle body 14 integrally formed an annular shoulder 19.
- the nozzle arrangement 2 is fixed to the base body by means of a two-part system Closure cover, which is shown in Figures 4a and 4b in longitudinal section.
- the The sealing cover is designed as a double union nut 31, 37.
- the first nut 31 is provided on one side with an internal thread 32, which with the corresponding external thread on the base body at the front end corresponds.
- the first union nut 31 has an extension 34 which is connected to a External thread 33 is provided and one of the supports of the nozzle arrangement 2 serving end face 35.
- the second union nut 37 is with its internal thread 38 screwed onto the external thread 33 of the first union nut 31, whereby the nozzle arrangement 2 between the two union nuts 31, 37 on their shoulders 19 is pinched.
- the insert 20 of the nozzle arrangement 2 is to be explained in more detail become.
- the intended insert 20 consists of a rear breaking arrangement 21 and a front mixing element 23.
- the rear breaker assembly 21 has a plurality of annular baffles 22, which passages in the form of Limit slots 25.
- To support the baffles 22 are star-shaped Struts 24 provided. 5d shows that the baffles 22, in cross section seen, have a substantially triangular profile, whereby a conically narrowing inlet area E is formed, at which the passage openings 25 connect.
- the width of the lying between the respective baffles 22 Passage openings 25 are selected such that they are narrower than the statistically middle one Outside diameter of the capsules, preferably less than x minus ⁇ , with x being the arithmetic mean and ⁇ is the standard deviation.
- the opening angle ⁇ of the inlet area E is preferably between 5 and 60 ° especially between 5 and 20 °.
- the tendency to constipation can be reduced by a relatively small angle ⁇ the nozzle arrangement 2 can be minimized.
- the front mixing element 23 of the insert 20 serves the front mixing element 23 of the insert 20.
- the actual mixing elements there are slanted plates 26 supported on the webs 24, are inserted into the slots 27. Via the slots 27, the two components from the rear, tapered section 15 of the nozzle arrangement in the front, cylindrical portion 16 of the nozzle assembly (Fig. 3). The arrangement and design of these platelets 26 results in homogeneous mixing of the two components.
- the pressure drop is such Mixing element, compared to conventional mixers in which a plurality of Mixing blades are arranged one after the other, low.
- mixing platelets 26 can be adapted to the 2-component mass used in each case.
- Mixing plates 26 shown here are any other variants of mixing elements, for example, mixing blades or winding webs, conceivable.
- a tubular bag which is provided with a nozzle according to FIG. 1a is, then preferably a nozzle arrangement is used, the rear section is provided with an internal thread.
- a nozzle arrangement can on Screw the socket of the tubular bag.
- a one-piece cover is provided which has a central opening, which corresponds to the contour of the collar Kr (Fig. 1a), the opening or the contour of the collar preferably has the shape of a polygon. After this the socket of the tubular bag is passed through the opening in the cover, the nozzle arrangement can be screwed onto the socket of the tubular bag.
- the nozzle arrangement could also be used instead of baffles to break up the capsules be provided with a disc-shaped means, which with arc or circular Slits is provided.
- a perforated plate would also be conceivable.
- break-open elements the capsules could be broken instead of static elements like them
- baffles, also dynamic elements, for example rotating propellers, rotating roller elements or the like can be provided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
- Package Specialized In Special Use (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Claims (16)
- Dispositif destiné à vider des poches cylindriques, qui contiennent une substance à deux composants, l'un des composants étant inséré sous forme encapsulée dans l'autre composant et les capsules pouvant être brisées par voie mécanique ou thermique, lequel dispositif comprend un système de buse (2) permettant d'appliquer par dosage la substance contenue dans la poche cylindrique, caractérisé en ce que le système de buse (2) est muni dans un premier niveau de moyens permettant de briser les capsules et dans un deuxième niveau d'organes (26) permettant de mélanger le composant libéré avec l'autre composant.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens permettant de briser les capsules et de mélanger les composants sont disposée sur une pièce (20) conçue sous forme d'insert, qui peut être posée dans un corps de buse (14).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que pour former les moyens permettant de briser les capsules, il est prévu des chicanes (22) qui délimitent des orifices de passage (25), dont la section de passage est inférieure au diamètre extérieur statistiquement moyen des capsules, de préférence inférieure à x moins σ.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les chicanes (22) délimitent des orifices de passage (25) en forme de fentes, les chicanes (22) étant circulaires et disposées concentriquement les unes par rapport aux autres.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les organes prévus dans le deuxième niveau et permettant de mélanger les composants sont conçus sous forme de plaquettes (26) disposées en oblique, dans lesquelles sont réalisées des fentes (27).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les plaquettes (26) font la séparation entre une section (15) se rétrécissant en forme de cône du système de buse (2) et une section (16) cylindrique creuse, les composants pouvant affluer, par l'intermédiaire des fentes réalisées dans les plaquettes (26), à partir de la section conique (15) vers la section cylindrique creuse (16).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour former le moyen permettant d'ouvrir les capsules, il est prévu un disque muni d'une pluralité d'orifices ronds, courbes ou circulaires, les zones les plus étroites des orifices étant inférieures au diamètre extérieur statistiquement moyen des capsules, de préférence inférieures à x moins σ.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les chicanes (22) ou les orifices du disque comportent une zone d'admission (E) se rétrécissant en forme d'entonnoir.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture (a) de cette zone d'admission (E) est inférieur à 120°.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture est compris entre 5 et 30°.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier niveau du système de buse comporte des éléments de chauffe, des hélices rotatives ou des cylindres tournante destinés à briser les capsules.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour former les organes du deuxième niveau, il est prévu des éléments destinés à perturber l'écoulement de la substance.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le eystème de buse (2) est cylindrique ou conique dans la zone de l'orifice de sortie et est muni d'un évidement (29) latéral, dont le profil correspond sensiblement au profil du cordon de substance à appliquer.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le système de buse (2) est muni d'une pièce antérieure (17) amovible, qui est fixée au moyen d'un assemblage à fermeture rapide (18).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système de buse (2) est muni sur son extrémité postérieure d'un épaulement (19) périphérique.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système de buse (2) comporte une extrémité postérieure filetée.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH4/96 | 1996-01-03 | ||
CH496 | 1996-01-03 | ||
CH496 | 1996-01-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0782886A2 EP0782886A2 (fr) | 1997-07-09 |
EP0782886A3 EP0782886A3 (fr) | 1998-01-07 |
EP0782886B1 true EP0782886B1 (fr) | 2002-03-06 |
Family
ID=4177238
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19960810877 Expired - Lifetime EP0782886B1 (fr) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-12-17 | Dispositif pour appliquer des produits pâteux |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0782886B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE59608833D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2174048T3 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006013411A1 (de) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Helmut Knoblich | Mobile Vorrichtung zum Mischen und Austragen hochviskoser Massen |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2761346B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-26 | 1999-06-18 | Guttaterna | Embout perforant pour les dispositifs d'extrusion de produits pateux ou visqueux |
AU2002215704B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-07-28 | Selleys Pty Limited | Dispensing apparatus |
AUPR248700A0 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2001-02-01 | Selleys Pty Limited | Dispensing apparatus |
DE10335146B4 (de) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-02-09 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum dosierten Ausbringen eines viskosen Mediums |
FR2873048A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-20 | Oceaniques Soc En Commandite S | Procede et pistolet de distribution de pate |
DE102008005743A1 (de) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-08-06 | Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Lagerung von fluiden Komponenten für den dentalen Bereich |
DE102008047234B4 (de) * | 2008-09-12 | 2018-12-06 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Reparaturdüse und Reparatursystem |
DE102017203241A1 (de) | 2017-02-28 | 2018-08-30 | Fischbach Kg Kunststoff-Technik | Kolben für Kartuschen |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3826580A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1974-07-30 | Us Navy | Adhesive dispenser |
GB2072755B (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1984-02-01 | Nat Res Dev | Dispensing apparatus and method |
GB2088998A (en) * | 1980-12-04 | 1982-06-16 | Toray Silicone Co | Caulking Gun |
DE3151664A1 (de) * | 1981-12-28 | 1983-07-07 | Upat Gmbh & Co, 7830 Emmendingen | Vorrichtung zum aktivieren und austragen einer klebemasse |
GB8531402D0 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1986-02-05 | Chemence Ltd | Container |
DE3739459A1 (de) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-04-27 | Knieriem Guenther Dipl Ing Fh | Schlauchbeutel-packung |
NL9200318A (nl) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-09-16 | Wilhelmus Adrianus Theresia Ke | Inrichting voor het afgeven van viskeus materiaal. |
US5301835A (en) | 1992-09-17 | 1994-04-12 | Dow Corning Corporation | Adapter for dispensing material from a sausage type package |
-
1996
- 1996-12-17 EP EP19960810877 patent/EP0782886B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 ES ES96810877T patent/ES2174048T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-17 DE DE59608833T patent/DE59608833D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006013411A1 (de) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Helmut Knoblich | Mobile Vorrichtung zum Mischen und Austragen hochviskoser Massen |
DE102006013411B4 (de) * | 2006-03-15 | 2008-07-10 | Helmut Knoblich | Mobile Vorrichtung zum Mischen und Austragen hochviskoser Massen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2174048T3 (es) | 2002-11-01 |
EP0782886A3 (fr) | 1998-01-07 |
DE59608833D1 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
EP0782886A2 (fr) | 1997-07-09 |
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