EP0781439B1 - Vorrichtung zum prüfen von wertgegenständen und verfahren zum kalibrieren einer solchen vorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum prüfen von wertgegenständen und verfahren zum kalibrieren einer solchen vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0781439B1
EP0781439B1 EP95930665A EP95930665A EP0781439B1 EP 0781439 B1 EP0781439 B1 EP 0781439B1 EP 95930665 A EP95930665 A EP 95930665A EP 95930665 A EP95930665 A EP 95930665A EP 0781439 B1 EP0781439 B1 EP 0781439B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
measurements
items
data
criterion
suitability
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EP95930665A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0781439B2 (de
EP0781439A1 (de
Inventor
Gregory John Billington
Paul Franklin Steel
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Crane Payment Innovations Inc
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Mars Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D11/00—Devices accepting coins; Devices accepting, dispensing, sorting or counting valuable papers
    • G07D11/20—Controlling or monitoring the operation of devices; Data handling
    • G07D11/28—Setting of parameters; Software updates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D2205/00—Coin testing devices
    • G07D2205/001—Reconfiguration of coin testing devices
    • G07D2205/0012—Reconfiguration of coin testing devices automatic adjustment, e.g. self-calibration

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for validating items of value, and to methods of calibrating such apparatus.
  • the invention will be described in the context of coin validators, but is also applicable to banknote validators and validators for other items of value.
  • acceptability tests are normally based on stored acceptability data.
  • One common technique involves storing "windows", i.e. upper and lower limits for each test. If each of the measurements of a coin falls within a respective set of upper and lower limits, then the coin is deemed to be acceptable.
  • the acceptability data could instead represent a predetermined value such as a median, the measurements then being tested to determine whether they lie within predetermined ranges of that value.
  • the acceptance data could be used to modify each measurement and the test would then involve comparing the modified result with a fixed value or window.
  • the acceptance data could be a look-up table which is addressed by the measurements, and the output of which indicates whether the measurements are suitable for a particular denomination (see, e.g. EP-A-0 480 736, and US-A-4 951 799).
  • the measurements may be combined and the result compared with stored acceptance data (cf. GB-A-2 238 152 and GB-A-2 254 949).
  • some of these techniques could be combined, e.g. by using the acceptability data as coefficients (derived, e.g. using a neural network technique) for combining the measurements, and possibly for performing a test on the result.
  • the acceptability data could be used to define the conditions under which a test is performed (e.g. as in US-A-4 625 852).
  • the acceptance data produced by the calibration operation is characteristic of the specific type of item to be validated.
  • the data is alternatively possible for the data to be independent of the properties of the item itself, and instead to be characteristic of just the validation apparatus (e.g. to represent how much the apparatus deviates in its measurements from a standard) so that this data in combination with further data representing the standard properties of an item are sufficient for validation.
  • EP-A-0 227 453 describes a coin validation apparatus which can be put into a "training" mode, in which a coin is inserted into the testing apparatus four times in succession, in order to develop acceptance criteria for validating further coins of the same type.
  • Four sets of measurements are made to ensure that the results are representative of the particular coin type. The sets of measurements must match closely, in order for the operation to be completed. This prevents possible errors due to an incorrect coin being inserted. If four consecutive close marches are not found, then the entire operation must be repeated. Once there are four consecutive close matches, the measurements are then averaged, and the results define acceptance criteria used in the test mode of the apparatus.
  • the use of only four measurements means that the resulting acceptance criteria may not be statistically very accurate.
  • the disclosed technique requires the storage of all the measurements for all four coins, and therefore increasing the number of required tests during the calibration mode will substantially increase the memory requirements.
  • successive measurements are used for successively updating the acceptability data.
  • these measurements are not essential that these measurements thereafter be retained, so that the memory requirement can be reduced.
  • suitability criteria it is still possible to apply suitability criteria to each of the measurements to determine whether it is suitable for use in updating the acceptability data.
  • a measurement differs from the current acceptability data by more than a predetermined amount, it is deemed anomalous and not used for updating the acceptability data.
  • a problem may arise if the first of the tested items produces measurements which are statistically unsound. If these are used to derive acceptability data, then subsequent (non-anomalous) measurements may incorrectly be treated an anomalous because of the disparity with the first measurement. To deal with this, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first measurement is discarded if it does not lie within a predetermined range of the second measurement. If the first measurement is discarded, then the second measurement is thereafter treated as though it were the first. Accordingly, the acceptability data only starts being updated when there are two successive measurements lying within a predetermined range.
  • means are provided for preventing the acceptability data from being used in subsequent testing operations if an inadequate number of measurements have passed the suitability criterion and/or if an excessive number of measurements have failed the suitability criterion.
  • a coin mechanism 2 has a validator 4 which comprises a hopper 6 into which coins can be inserted.
  • the coins fall on to a ramp 8 and then roll under gravity down the ramp past a testing region indicated by the shaded section 10.
  • the coins then fall towards an accept gate shown schematically at 12. If the coins have been tested and found not to be genuine, the coins are diverted by the accept gate 12 into a reject path 14, which delivers the coins to a refund tray 16.
  • a solenoid is energised to cause the accept gate 12 to shift into a position in which it opens an accept path 18 leading to an escrow bucket 20.
  • Coins entering the accept path 18 move past a sensing arrangement shown generally at 22.
  • the sensing arrangement 22 After the sensing arrangement 22 has detected that a coin has moved past, it triggers the accumulation of credit, thus permitting a user to operate a machine (not shown) in which the validator is housed.
  • an escrow accept gate 24 is opened to allow a coin or coins held thereby to fall into a cash box 26.
  • the user can alternatively press an escrow return button (not shown) to cause an escrow return gate 28 to open and so allow coins in the escrow bucket 20 to travel to the refund tray 16.
  • the circuitry 30 of the coin testing apparatus shown schematically in Figure 2 includes a set of coin sensors indicated at 34 forming the testing section 10. Each of these sensors is operable to measure a different property of a coin inserted in the apparatus, in a manner which is in itself well known. Each sensor provides a signal indicating the measured value of the respective parameter on one of a set of output lines indicated at 36.
  • An LSI 38 receives these signals.
  • the LSI 38 contains a read-only memory storing an operating program which controls the way in which the apparatus operates. Instead of an LSI, a standard microprocessor may be used.
  • the LSI is operable to compare each measured value received on a respective one of the input lines 36 with values (constituting acceptance data) stored in predetermined locations in an EPROM 40.
  • the EPROM 40 could be any other type of memory circuit with alterable contents, and could be formed of a single or several integrated circuits, or may be combined with the LSI 38 (or microprocessor) into a single integrated circuit.
  • the LSI 38 which operates in response to timing signals produced by a clock 42, is operable to address the PROM 40 by supplying address signals on an address bus 44.
  • the LSI also provides a "EPROM-enable" signal on line 46 to enable the PROM.
  • a value is delivered from the PROM 40 to the LSI 38 via a data bus 48.
  • the LSI 38 also has input lines 50 for receiving signals from a keyboard 52 housed in the host vending machine and accessible only to an operator who has a key to unlock the machine, and for receiving signals from other parts of the vending machine indicated generally at 54.
  • a keyboard e.g. Dual-In-Line switches
  • the LSI could be controlled by signals received from other equipment to which the validator is connected.
  • one embodiment of the invention may comprise three sensors, for respectively measuring the conductivity, thickness and diameter of Inserted coins.
  • the measurements produced by the three sensors 34 are compared by the LSI 38 with selected values stored in the EPROM 40. If the measured thickness value lies within a predetermined range of the stored thickness value for a particular coin, then the thickness test for that coin has been passed. Similarly, the validator checks whether the diameter measurement and the conductivity measurement are within predetermined ranges of stored values.
  • the LSI 38 produces an ACCEPT signal on one of a group of output lines 56, and a further signal on another of the output lines 56 to indicate the denomination of the coin being tested.
  • the accept gate 12 adopts one of two different states depending upon whether the ACCEPT signal is generated, so that all tested coins deemed genuine are directed along the accept path 18 and all other tested items along the reject path 14.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of how the validator may be arranged to operate, the figure relating only to those parts of the operation which are relevant to the present invention.
  • the operation starts at step 400, and then following an initialization operation proceeds to step 410 where the validator checks to determine whether a coin has been inserted. If not, the program proceeds to step 420 to determine whether the keyboard 52 has been operated in such a manner as to instruct the machine to enter a calibration mode. For example, the machine may check to determine whether the operator has pressed a specific key or key sequence associated with this mode. If so, the program proceeds to step 422 to set a CALIBRATION flag indicating that the calibration mode has been entered. Various variables are also initialised, as described below. In any event, the program loops back to step 410, so that the validator again checks to determine whether a coin has been inserted.
  • the program proceeds in this fashion until a coin is inserted, and then proceeds to step 427. At this step the coin properties are measured.
  • step 428 the program checks whether the CALIBRATION flag is set. If so, the calibration routine 429 (described in more detail in connection with Figure 4) is performed. Otherwise the program proceeds to step 430.
  • step 430 the program checks whether the measured values fall within the ranges for an acceptable coin, as described above. If so, the program proceeds to step 432, whereupon the ACCEPT signal and the signal indicating the denomination of the inserted coin are issued. If the measured properties did not fall within any of the stored sets of ranges, the program proceeds to step 434, where the inserted item is rejected, and then loops back to step 410.
  • step 422 initialises the following variables:
  • the calibration routine 429 (see Fig. 4) is executed. This starts at step 102.
  • COIN_COUNT is incremented and the coin measurements are stored in CURRENT_DATA[n].
  • the program checks to determine whether GOOD_COINS is greater than zero. Assuming that it is not, i.e. that no coins have yet had their measurements pass the suitability criteria, then the program proceeds to step 112, whereupon the current readings are used to update the acceptability data. Thus, the current values of the elements of SENSOR_DATA[n] (which will initially be zero) are increased by the values of CURRENT . DATA[n]. Also at step 112, the value of GOOD_COINS is incremented.
  • the step 112 then involves the setting cf the elements of another variable array, AVERAGE_DATA[n], equal to the corresponding element of SENSOR_DATA[n] divided by the value of GOOD_COINS.
  • AVERAGE_DATA[n] therefore represents the average of the measurements which have passed the suitability criteria.
  • step 110 determines that GOOD_COINS is greater than zero, and therefore proceeds to step 116.
  • a suitability criterion is applied to each of the coin's measurements. If all the suitability criteria are met, the program proceeds to step 112, whereupon GOOD_COINS is incremented, and the elements of CURRENT_DATA[n] are added to SENSOR_DATA[n]. Otherwise, the program proceeds to a "reject readings" step 118.
  • the suitability test at step 116 is failed if, for any one of the n measurements: ABS(CURRENT_DATA[n] - AVERAGE_DATA[n]) > window[n], where window[n] is an array containing predetermined values for each measurement. Each value represents a range within which successive measurements must fall for the measurements to be deemed suitable. If the normal testing operation of the validator involves comparing the measurement of an item with upper and lower limits, then window [n] may represent the difference between these limits.
  • step 118 which is reached if at least one of the suitability criteria is failed, the program tests to determine whether the value of GOOD_COINS is equal to one. If it is not equal to one, the program proceeds to step 114, i.e. the CURRENT_DATA[n] readings are simply ignored, and the value of GOOD_COINS is not incremented. However, if GOOD_COINS equals one, i.e. only one set of measurements has been used to contribute towards the current values of SENSOR_DATA[n] and AVERAGE_DATA[n], there is a possibility that these existing measurements are anomalous.
  • step 120 the values of SENSOR_DATA[n] are set equal to CURRENT_DATA[n] (so that the CURRENT_DATA[n] for the previous item is discarded) and the values of AVERAGE_DATA[n] are re-calculated to be SENSOR_DATA[n] divided by GOOD_COINS.
  • step 122 the program determines whether the difference between COIN_COUNT and GOOD_COINS is less than a predetermined limit value. This difference represents the number of items rejected because the suitability criteria were not met. If this number is large, i.e. if the test at step 122 is failed, then the program proceeds to step 124, whereupon a warning display is provided to indicate that the re-calibration operation has failed. Otherwise, the program proceeds from step 122 to step 126. At this point, the value of AVERAGE_DATA[n] is stored in the appropriate place in the memory (EPROM 40) for use in subsequent testing operations.
  • these testing operations involve taking measurements corresponding to those made in the calibration operation, and then determining whether or not these lie within a predetermined window width (possibly window[n] mentioned above) of the stored mean (i.e. AVERAGE_DATA[n]).
  • step 126 the CALIBRATION flag is reset, so that the calibration routine ends and the apparatus returns to the normal test mode.
  • variables used by this facility may also be initialised at step 126.
  • the calibration routine is stored in a separate hand-held terminal 80 (Fig, 2) which can be connected to a serial port 82 of the validator and which includes a microprocessor 84 and a keyboard 86.
  • the validator routine of Fig. 3 is responsive at step 420 to instructions from the terminal 80 and passes the coin measurements to the terminal when control is passed to the terminal's processor 84 at step 429.
  • coin validators any coin (whether valid or counterfeit), token, slug, washer, or other metallic object or item, and especially any metallic object or item which could be utilised by an individual in an attempt to operate a coin-operated device or system.
  • a "valid coin” is considered to be an authentic coin, token, or the like, and especially an authentic coin of a monetary system or systems in which or with which a coin-operated device or system is intended to operate and of a denomination which such coin-operated device or system is intended selectively to receive and to treat as an item of value.
  • the invention is considered to be particularly applicable to the validators which can handle (possibly in addition to ordinary coins) tokens which may be specially manufactured for particular establishments, and may bear a general resemblance to coins in that they are metallic and generally discshaped and of a similar size, although would normally be distinguishable from genuine coins by a coin validator. Recalibration of such validators to make them suitable for particular establishments is frequently desired.
  • the calibration is carried out by measuring items which correspond to the type of items which are validated in normal use. It would also be possible for at least part of the calibration to involve the measuring of items which the apparatus is intended to reject, i.e. "slugs". In this case, the acceptance data generated by the calibration operation would be used in such a way that tested items which produce measurements similar to those used to derive the acceptance data would be rejected.
  • the acceptability data contains only averages of measurements which are used as the median of acceptance ranges
  • other data such as standard deviations used to determine the widths of the acceptance ranges.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zur Kalibrierung einer Vorrichtung (4) zum Prüfen von Wertgegenständen, aufweisend:
       Veranlassen, daß die Vorrichtung mehrere Messungen an Gegenständen vornimmt, während sie sich in einem Kalibrierungsmodus befindet, Anwenden von Eignungskriterien auf die Messungen und Ableiten mindestens eines Annahmekriteriums aus Messungen, die die Eignungskriterien erfüllen, so daß das Annahmekriterium in einem Prüfmodus der Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Gegenständen verwendet werden kann,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eignungskriterien auf die Messungen in Folge angewendet werden und die zum Festlegen des Annahmekriteriums verwendeten Annahmedaten entsprechend den aufeinanderfolgenden Messungen, die als geeignet bestimmt werden, von Mal zu Mal aktualisiert werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Messung ein Eignungskriterium erfüllt, wenn sie innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Bereichs gegenwärtiger Annahmedaten liegt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, mit einem Schritt zur Vornahme einer ersten Messung vor den genannten Messungen, wobei jedoch verhindert wird, daß die erste Messung zur Erzeugung der Annahmedaten verwendet wird, wenn sie nicht innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Bereichs der nächsten Messung liegt, wobei dann die nächste Messung als erste Messung zur Verwendung bei der Erzeugung der Annahmedaten dient.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Schritt, um die Vorrichtung zu veranlassen, mehrere verschiedene Gegenstände des gleichen Typs zu messen, um die genannten Messungen an Gegenständen zu erhalten.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede Messung an einem Gegenstand nach der Verwendung zur Aktualisierung der Annahmedaten weggeworfen wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Annahmedaten den Mittelwert von Messungen, die das Eignungskriterium erfüllt haben, darstellen.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Vorrichtung (4) in der Lage ist, mehrere Messungen an jedem Gegenstand vorzunehmen und die Messungen zur Aktualisierung der Annahmedaten zu verwenden, die daraufhin von der Vorrichtung dazu verwendbar sind, mehrere Annahmekriterien zum Prüfen von Gegenständen festzulegen, und wobei auf jede der Messungen an einem Gegenstand ein entsprechendes Eignungskriterium angewandt wird und von allen diesen Messungen eine Verwendung zur Aktualisierung der Annahmedaten verhindert wird, wenn irgendeine von ihnen das Eignungskriterium nicht erfüllt.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Schritt zum Verhindern, daß die Annahmedaten von der Vorrichtung (4) zur Festlegung eines Annahmekriteriums verwendbar sind, wenn mindestens eine vorbestimmte Anzahl an Messungen das Eignungskriterium nicht erfüllt haben.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Schritt zur Verwendung der Annahmedaten zum Festlegen des Annahmekriteriums auch dann, wenn nicht alle Messungen ihre Eignungskriterien erfüllt haben.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Gegenstände Münzen sind.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Gegenstände Banknoten sind.
  12. Vorrichtung (4) zum Prüfung von Wertgegenständen, mit einem ersten Betriebsmodus, in dem mindestens ein Annahmekriterium zum Prüfen von Gegenständen verwendet wird, und einen zweiten Modus zum Kalibrieren der Vorrichtung durch Gewinnen des Annahmekriteriums, wobei die Vorrichtung in dem zweiten Betriebsmodus mehrere Messungen an Gegenständen vornehmen, Eignungskriterien auf die Messungen anwenden und dann, wenn die Eignungskriterien erfüllt sind, die Messungen zum Festlegen des Annahmekriteriums verwenden kann,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Annahmedaten, die zur Festlegung des Annahmekriteriums dienen, entsprechend aufeinanderfolgenden als geeignet angesehenen Messungen von Mal zu Mal aktualisiert werden.
  13. Einrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Wertgegenständen, wobei die Einrichtung (80) von der Vorrichtung (4) mehrere Messungen an Gegenständen gewinnen, Eignungskriterien auf die Messungen anwenden und dann, wenn die Eignungskriterien erfüllt sind, entsprechend den Messungen ein Annahmekriterium gewinnen kann, wodurch das Annahmekriterium von der Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Gegenständen verwendbar wird,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Annahmedaten, die zur Festlegung des Annahmekriteriums dienen, entsprechend nacheinander erfolgender, als geeignet angesehener Messungen von Mal zu Mal aktualisiert werden.
EP95930665A 1994-09-09 1995-09-08 Vorrichtung zum prüfen von wertgegenständen und verfahren zum kalibrieren einer solchen vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0781439B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9418185 1994-09-09
GB9418185A GB2293039B (en) 1994-09-09 1994-09-09 Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
PCT/GB1995/002125 WO1996007992A1 (en) 1994-09-09 1995-09-08 Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
HK98106201A HK1007053A1 (en) 1994-09-09 1998-06-23 Apparatus for validating items of value and method of calibrating such apparatus

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0781439A1 EP0781439A1 (de) 1997-07-02
EP0781439B1 true EP0781439B1 (de) 1998-07-08
EP0781439B2 EP0781439B2 (de) 2010-03-24

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EP95930665A Expired - Lifetime EP0781439B2 (de) 1994-09-09 1995-09-08 Vorrichtung zum prüfen von wertgegenständen und verfahren zum kalibrieren einer solchen vorrichtung

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0781439B2 (de)
AU (1) AU3397495A (de)
DE (1) DE69503383T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2117873T5 (de)
GB (1) GB2293039B (de)
HK (1) HK1007053A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1996007992A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11276263B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2022-03-15 Glory Ltd. Paper sheet handling apparatus and paper sheet handling method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3934714B2 (ja) * 1996-10-31 2007-06-20 日本金銭機械株式会社 紙幣鑑別装置
WO1999049423A1 (en) 1998-03-24 1999-09-30 Ascom Nordic A/S An apparatus for receiving and accepting tokens
EP1324278A1 (de) 2001-12-28 2003-07-02 Mars Incorporated Kalibrierung von Geldechtheidsprüfern
CN113611036B (zh) * 2021-07-15 2022-12-06 珠海市运泰利自动化设备有限公司 一种精密测试自动校准方法

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JPS5819109B2 (ja) * 1978-11-10 1983-04-16 肇産業株式会社 パタ−ン判別方法
JPS5927383A (ja) * 1982-08-06 1984-02-13 株式会社ユニバ−サル 学習式硬貨等の選別装置
JPS59111587A (ja) * 1982-12-16 1984-06-27 ロ−レルバンクマシン株式会社 硬貨処理機の検銭装置
US4538719A (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-09-03 Hilgraeve, Incorporated Electronic coin acceptor
AU6677186A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-06-25 Bonelco Industries Ltd. Article detection and recognition
US5067604A (en) * 1988-11-14 1991-11-26 Bally Manufacturing Corporation Self teaching coin discriminator
JPH0731324Y2 (ja) * 1989-04-21 1995-07-19 サンデン株式会社 硬貨判別装置
US5052043A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-09-24 Eastman Kodak Company Neural network with back propagation controlled through an output confidence measure

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11276263B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2022-03-15 Glory Ltd. Paper sheet handling apparatus and paper sheet handling method

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AU3397495A (en) 1996-03-27
ES2117873T3 (es) 1998-08-16
EP0781439B2 (de) 2010-03-24
ES2117873T5 (es) 2010-07-16
GB9418185D0 (en) 1994-10-26
DE69503383T2 (de) 1999-04-08
WO1996007992A1 (en) 1996-03-14
EP0781439A1 (de) 1997-07-02
DE69503383D1 (de) 1998-08-13
GB2293039A (en) 1996-03-13
DE69503383T3 (de) 2010-11-11
GB2293039B (en) 1998-04-22
HK1007053A1 (en) 1999-03-26

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