EP0781260B1 - Anzündelemente und fein abstufbare zündsätze - Google Patents
Anzündelemente und fein abstufbare zündsätze Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0781260B1 EP0781260B1 EP95932725A EP95932725A EP0781260B1 EP 0781260 B1 EP0781260 B1 EP 0781260B1 EP 95932725 A EP95932725 A EP 95932725A EP 95932725 A EP95932725 A EP 95932725A EP 0781260 B1 EP0781260 B1 EP 0781260B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- dissipating
- ignition
- firing element
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver azide Chemical compound [Ag+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHVVRZIRWITSIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);2,4,6-trinitrophenolate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MHVVRZIRWITSIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075930 picrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M picrate anion Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IUKSYUOJRHDWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diazonio-4,6-dinitrophenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]#N)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O IUKSYUOJRHDWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 12
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001535 kindling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
- C06B45/14—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones a layer or zone containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Definitions
- the invention relates to finely graduated primers for Kindling and kindling.
- igniters and igniters are essentially determined by two factors.
- the reaction products should be rich in particles if possible and these particles should be as hot as possible
- a transport gas must be provided for the particles so that the particles penetrate the propellant charge as well as possible.
- the transport gas should also have a correspondingly high temperature in order to maintain the particle temperature.
- Igniters and igniters containing a pyrotechnic fuel based on B / KNO 3 or Ti / Ba (NO 3 ) 2 or TiH x / Ba (NO 3 ) 2 with x ⁇ 1 or Zr / Ba (NO 3 ) 2 and nitrocellulose but also igniters and igniters containing zirconium and potassium perchlorate generally meet these requirements.
- the so-called electrical Characteristic data are the ignition sensitivity (Aze), Ignition insensitivity (Azu) and the ignition delay time (Azvz) of the individual sentences.
- the insensitivity to ignition says something about safety and ignitability or ignition delay time somewhat above that Ignition sensitivity of the primers.
- primers with either sufficiently high sensitivity to ignition but with too high values for the ignition sensitivity or the ignition delay time, i.e. with too little Ignition sensitivity or primers with enough low ignition sensitivity and ignition delay time, but not known to be insensitive to ignition.
- the object of the present invention was to ignite and ignition elements, hereinafter referred to as ignition elements, to provide, in addition to sufficient Performance depending on the application, finely graduated values for the sensitivity to ignition and the sensitivity to ignition exhibit without significantly affecting the ignition delay time becomes.
- Ignition elements according to claims 1-12, and in particular by the provision and combination of two in their properties different primers.
- the so-called glow wire set responsible for the electrical characteristics, during the 2nd primer, the so-called benefit rate, is responsible for the Power.
- the Ensuring high heat dissipation in the filament set is of particular importance.
- This heat-dissipating additive will selected from substances known to absorb heat can draw heat from the environment. Examples of such substances can be inorganic or also be organic in nature, such as metals, metal compounds or organometallic compounds.
- metals or metal compounds are provided according to the invention as heat-dissipating components.
- Zirconium, aluminum, titanium and / or ferrotitanium are preferably used as metals.
- Zircon is particularly preferred.
- borides and hydrides of the metals mentioned can be used as metal compounds.
- Zirconium boride and zirconium hydride are particularly preferred.
- the glow wire sets of the ignition elements according to the invention contain at least one initial explosive, for example lead azide, diazodinitrophenol, silver azide, tricinate or picrate, preferably lead picrate, and an oxidizing agent, for example alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, preferably KClO 3 and / or KClO 4 , particularly preferably KClO 4 and a binder.
- the binder is not only responsible for the connection of the individual components, but also for the temperature resistance of the ignition elements; they should have a temperature resistance of> 85 ° C.
- Binders suitable according to the invention are therefore polyvinyl acetate, polysulfone or polyethersulfone. Polyvinyl acetate is preferably used. While the heat-dissipating additive is intended to increase sensitivity to ignition, the initial explosive used is responsible for ensuring the necessary sensitivity to ignition.
- Glow wire sets according to the first embodiment which are suitable according to the invention are composed of 20 to 80 parts of initial explosive, preferably lead picrate, 20 to 80 parts of a mixture of heat-dissipating additive and oxidizing agent and 1 to 6 parts of binder. The mixture of heat-dissipating additive and oxidizing agent is composed of 60 to 90 parts of heat-dissipating additive and 10 to 40 parts of oxidizing agent.
- a heat-dissipating Initial explosive preferably silver azide
- other heat-dissipating Components such as metals, metal compounds or organometallic compounds provided.
- metals metal compounds
- the particular advantage in use of silver azide lies in the fact that it is also known as heat-dissipating additive acts and in its capacity Ignition sensitivity as an initial explosive improved.
- the glow wire set consists of 100 Parts of silver azide and 1 to 6, preferably 4 parts Binder.
- Binder As a binder with the same functions as in the first embodiment, it is preferred Polyvinyl acetate used.
- the power set consists of a component that generates hot reaction particles, one of the oxidizing agents mentioned above and one of the said binding agents.
- a component that generates hot reaction particles zircon in its different crystal modifications, titanium or their mixtures is suitable.
- KClO 3 and / or KClO 4 preferably KClO 4
- the same substances are preferably used as binders as for the filament set.
- Power sets suitable according to the invention are composed of 30 to 80 parts of zirconium, titanium or mixtures thereof, 20 to 70 parts of oxidizing agent, preferably KClO 4 and 1 to 6 parts of binder.
- a mixture of 60 parts of zircon, 40 parts of KClO 4 and 4 parts of polyvinyl acetate is preferably used.
- the ignition elements according to the invention are manufactured for example as follows.
- the components of the filament set and the benefit rate are sieved and in the binder dissolved in a suitable solvent slurried. If you use polyvinyl acetate as a binder, so butyl acetate is a suitable solvent.
- This slurry is made submersible, i.e. the viscosity is adjusted accordingly.
- Ignition elements are generally in shape made from squibs.
- a common squib consists for example of two electrically conductive, elongated pole supports (lamellae), which by means of a insulating web are connected and one, the pole carrier connecting glow plug.
- a primer body is immersed several times in the primer slurry in such a way that the 1st primer is the glow plug encloses.
- the diving process is repeated until the sufficient amount for the respective application Glow wire set mixture is applied.
- For the 1st primer Amounts of 6 to 10 mg have proven themselves.
- the solvent given to evaporate After the filament set is in in the same way the power set as a sheath around the filament set upset. For this sentence too Repeat the dive until the one for each Intended use sufficient amount of power rate mix is applied.
- primer weight for the entire squib have 50 to 100, preferably 65 to 85 mg proven. After the squib was dried for 24 hours the squib is still covered with a 20% varnish coated with the respective binder and again 48 h dried.
- the primers according to the invention can be used according to the Binders are used in high temperature resistant Ignition elements.
- Used as a binder for example Polysulfone or polyethersulfone used, can the primers according to the invention at temperatures of up to 250 ° C can be used.
- the invention Ignition elements are particularly suitable for the Ignition of propellants that have long exposure times hot flame and insensitive propellants, where hot metallic particles are needed become.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01103794A EP1110928A1 (de) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Anzündelement und fein abstufbare Zündsätze |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4432521 | 1994-09-13 | ||
| DE4432521 | 1994-09-13 | ||
| PCT/EP1995/003589 WO1996008454A1 (de) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Anzündelemente und fein abstufbare zündsätze |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01103794A Division EP1110928A1 (de) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Anzündelement und fein abstufbare Zündsätze |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0781260A1 EP0781260A1 (de) | 1997-07-02 |
| EP0781260B1 true EP0781260B1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
Family
ID=6528065
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01103794A Withdrawn EP1110928A1 (de) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Anzündelement und fein abstufbare Zündsätze |
| EP95932725A Expired - Lifetime EP0781260B1 (de) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Anzündelemente und fein abstufbare zündsätze |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01103794A Withdrawn EP1110928A1 (de) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Anzündelement und fein abstufbare Zündsätze |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1110928A1 (cs) |
| JP (1) | JPH10505573A (cs) |
| KR (1) | KR100407715B1 (cs) |
| AT (1) | ATE210619T1 (cs) |
| CZ (1) | CZ296695B6 (cs) |
| DE (2) | DE19533487A1 (cs) |
| PL (1) | PL181960B1 (cs) |
| WO (1) | WO1996008454A1 (cs) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999048842A1 (de) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-09-30 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik | Durch elektrische auslösung anzündbare initialexplosivstoffe und anzündsätze |
| WO2001040144A2 (de) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-07 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh | Anzündmittel für treibladungspulver |
| DE10125079C1 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2003-01-09 | Tdw Verteidigungstech Wirksys | Sprengladung für einen Gefechtskopf |
| US6905562B2 (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-06-14 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Low density slurry bridge mix |
| RU2484077C2 (ru) * | 2011-04-11 | 2013-06-10 | Витаутас Валентинович Сенкус | Горючая смесь и способ ее зажигания |
| RU2538263C1 (ru) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-01-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кемеровский государственный университет" (КемГУ) | Способ регулирования порога инициирования оптического детонатора |
| US10974966B2 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2021-04-13 | Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Zirconium boride and method of its manufacture |
| DE102019116464A1 (de) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | NEFZER SPECIAL EFFECTS GmbH | Filmeffektzünder und Verfahren zum Herstellen |
| JP2023096436A (ja) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-07 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 点火薬、およびそれを含む点火器 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE552935A (cs) * | 1955-11-30 | |||
| US3017300A (en) * | 1956-06-21 | 1962-01-16 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Pelleted igniter composition and method of manufacturing same |
| US3499386A (en) * | 1962-11-29 | 1970-03-10 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Primer |
| CH450990A (de) * | 1964-02-11 | 1968-05-15 | Du Pont | Knallzündschnur |
| US3211097A (en) * | 1964-06-29 | 1965-10-12 | Kenneth R Foote | Pyrogen squib |
| DE1771943C2 (de) * | 1968-08-05 | 1975-03-27 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Anfeuerungssatz für Treibladungen und Raketentreibsätze |
| US3865008A (en) * | 1970-02-04 | 1975-02-11 | Arwyn Theophilus Thomas | Manufacture of fuse heads |
| CH648012A5 (de) * | 1980-12-22 | 1985-02-28 | Inventa Ag | Verzoegerungssatz, enthaltend initialsprengstoff. |
| DE3243425A1 (de) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-05-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Anzuendmittel fuer treibladungen |
| FR2599361B1 (fr) * | 1986-05-27 | 1991-10-04 | Survilliers Nle Cartoucherie | Composition pyrotechnique pour inflammateur et allumeur electrique de securite, inflammateur et allumeur ainsi obtenus |
| DE3707694A1 (de) * | 1987-03-11 | 1988-09-29 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Elektrisch anzuendbare anzuendsaetze fuer huelsenlose munition und treibkartuschen |
| DE4302476C2 (de) * | 1993-01-29 | 1995-12-07 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Zündempfindliche elektrische Zündsätze mit schwachem detonativem Ausgang, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung, sowie deren Verwendung |
-
1995
- 1995-09-12 WO PCT/EP1995/003589 patent/WO1996008454A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-09-12 DE DE19533487A patent/DE19533487A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-09-12 EP EP01103794A patent/EP1110928A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-09-12 PL PL95319093A patent/PL181960B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-12 EP EP95932725A patent/EP0781260B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-12 DE DE59509947T patent/DE59509947D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-12 JP JP8509904A patent/JPH10505573A/ja active Pending
- 1995-09-12 CZ CZ0070797A patent/CZ296695B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-12 AT AT95932725T patent/ATE210619T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-12 KR KR1019970701762A patent/KR100407715B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100407715B1 (ko) | 2004-03-30 |
| CZ296695B6 (cs) | 2006-05-17 |
| PL181960B1 (pl) | 2001-10-31 |
| WO1996008454A1 (de) | 1996-03-21 |
| EP0781260A1 (de) | 1997-07-02 |
| DE19533487A1 (de) | 1996-03-14 |
| JPH10505573A (ja) | 1998-06-02 |
| KR970706215A (ko) | 1997-11-03 |
| ATE210619T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
| EP1110928A1 (de) | 2001-06-27 |
| DE59509947D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
| CZ70797A3 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
| PL319093A1 (en) | 1997-07-21 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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