EP0779238A1 - Crane truck - Google Patents

Crane truck Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0779238A1
EP0779238A1 EP96118131A EP96118131A EP0779238A1 EP 0779238 A1 EP0779238 A1 EP 0779238A1 EP 96118131 A EP96118131 A EP 96118131A EP 96118131 A EP96118131 A EP 96118131A EP 0779238 A1 EP0779238 A1 EP 0779238A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sliding
overload protection
crane
protection device
stability
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EP96118131A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0779238B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Abel
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Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH
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Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/78—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes
    • B66C23/80—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes hydraulically actuated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88—Safety gear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crane vehicle with a boom articulated on its uppercarriage, preferably a telescopic boom, which can be rocked by a rocking cylinder articulated on this and the uppercarriage, with extendable sliding spars arranged on the opposite end regions of the longitudinal sides of the undercarriage, which extend at their ends with extendable ones Support feet are provided, and with an overload protection device that generates a signal and / or stops the crane operation when the crane approaches or exceeds its stability-threatening limits.
  • the stability of a crane vehicle with a telescopic boom depends not only on the size of the load hanging on the telescopic boom, but also on the luffing angle and extension length of the telescopic boom, on the deflection of the telescopic boom and in particular also on the angle of rotation of the uppercarriage with the telescopic boom to the undercarriage and through the support feet of the sliding beams defined stand square. Relative to the quadrilateral defined by the extended sliding beams and support legs, the stability of the crane is greatest when the boom points in the direction of the most extended sliding beam. When the sliding spars are retracted with the support legs extended, the stability in the longitudinal direction of the undercarriage is greater than in the direction of its transverse axis. The overload protection must therefore always take into account the extension status of the sliding spars, which can be problematic in that the stability changes even with different extension lengths of individual sliding spars.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a crane vehicle of the type specified at the outset, in which the overload protection device takes into account the different extension lengths of the sliding beams in a simple and reliable manner.
  • this object is achieved in a crane vehicle of the type specified at the outset in that a monitoring device is provided which detects the extension state of the sliding spars, which supplies the overload protection device with signals corresponding to the respective extending state of the individual sliding spars, and in that the overload protection device when determining the limits endangering stability for all sliding beams, the minimum extension length of one of the sliding beams is assumed.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that when the limits jeopardizing the stability of the crane are detected, it will always and reliably remain on the safe side if, irrespective of the different extension lengths of the sliding spars, only the smallest extending length of a sliding spar is assumed, which then, independently of the larger extension lengths, the other sliding spars are also taken as a basis, so that only a smaller standing square is taken into account than may be the case due to the longer extending lengths of individual sliding spars.
  • a device monitoring the bolting of the sliding beams can be provided, which emits a signal to a central monitoring unit when a sliding beam is not bolted.
  • an undercarriage 1 of a crane vehicle can be seen schematically, from which sliding beams 2 can be extended, which support legs 3 at their ends, which can be extended vertically against the ground by hydraulic cylinders at right angles to the sliding beams.
  • the sliding beams 2 are located in the end regions of the two long sides of the undercarriage 1 and can be extended at right angles to its longitudinal center plane.
  • the sliding beams can be extended in three stages, in which they must each be bolted in their guides.
  • the sliding beams 2 are in their middle extended state.
  • the sliding beams located on the left-hand side of the vehicle are extended to their middle position, while the sliding beams located on the right-hand side are fully extended.
  • the stability it is therefore assumed that there is only one state in which all the sliding spars are only extended to their middle position, as can be seen from the right sketch in FIG. 2a.
  • the left-hand column in turn extends the sliding spars to different extents, one sliding spar in each case being in its shortest extended position or retracted position. Therefore, as can be seen from the right-hand side of FIG. 2, only one state is assumed for the determination of the standing square to be taken into account in the safety analysis, in which all the sliding beams are in their retracted position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kranfahrzeug mit einem an dessen Oberwagen angelenkten Ausleger, vorzugsweise Teleskopausleger, der durch einen an diesem und dem Oberwagen angelenkten Wippzylinder wippbar ist, mit an den einander gegenüberliegenden Endbereichen der Längsseiten des Unterwagens (1) angeordneten ausfahrbaren Schiebeholmen (2), die an ihren Enden mit ausfahrbaren Stützfüßen (3) versehen sind, und mit einer Überlastsicherungseinrichtung, die ein Signal erzeugt und/oder den Kranbetrieb stoppt, wenn der Kran seine Standsicherheit gefährdenden Grenzen anfährt oder überschreitet. Erfindungsgemäß ist eine den Ausfahrzustand der Schiebeholme (2) erfassende Überwachungseinrichtung vorgesehen, die dem jeweiligen Ausfahrzustand der einzelnen Schiebeholme (2) entsprechende Signale der Überlastsicherungseinrichtung zuführt, und daß die Überlastsicherungseinrichtung bei der Ermittlung der die Standsicherheit gefährdenden Grenzen für sämtliche Schiebeholme (2) von der geringsten Ausfahrlänge eines der Schiebeholme (2) ausgeht. <IMAGE>The invention relates to a crane vehicle with a boom articulated on its superstructure, preferably a telescopic boom, which can be rocked by a rocking cylinder articulated on this and the superstructure, with extendable sliding bars (2) arranged on the opposite end regions of the longitudinal sides of the undercarriage (1) are provided at their ends with extendable support feet (3) and with an overload protection device which generates a signal and / or stops the crane operation when the crane approaches or exceeds its stability-threatening limits. According to the invention, a monitoring device is provided which detects the extension state of the sliding spars (2) and which supplies the overload protection device with signals corresponding to the respective extending state of the individual sliding spars (2), and that the overload protection device detects the limits for all sliding spars (2) which endanger the stability of the system smallest extension length of one of the sliding bars (2). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kranfahrzeug mit einem an dessen Oberwagen angelenkten Ausleger, vorzugsweise Teleskopausleger, der durch einen an diesem und dem Oberwagen angelenkten Wippzylinder wippbar ist, mit an den einander gegenüberliegenden Endbereichen der Längsseiten des Unterwagens angeordneten, ausfahrbaren Schiebeholmen, die an ihren Enden mit ausfahrbaren Stützfüßen versehen sind, und mit einer Überlastsicherungseinrichtung, die ein Signal erzeugt und/oder den Kranbetrieb stoppt, wenn der Kran seine Standsicherheit gefährdenden Grenzen anfährt oder überschreitet.The invention relates to a crane vehicle with a boom articulated on its uppercarriage, preferably a telescopic boom, which can be rocked by a rocking cylinder articulated on this and the uppercarriage, with extendable sliding spars arranged on the opposite end regions of the longitudinal sides of the undercarriage, which extend at their ends with extendable ones Support feet are provided, and with an overload protection device that generates a signal and / or stops the crane operation when the crane approaches or exceeds its stability-threatening limits.

Die Standsicherheit eines Kranfahrzeugs mit Teleskopausleger hängt neben der Größe der an dem Teleskopausleger hängenden Last unter anderem von dem Wippwinkel und der Ausfahrlänge des Teleskopauslegers, von der Durchbiegung des Teleskopauslegers und insbesondere auch von dem Drehwinkel des Oberwagens mit Teleskopausleger zu dem Unterwagen und dem durch die Stützfüße der Schiebeholme definierten Stand-Viereck ab. Bezogen auf das durch die ausgefahrenen Schiebeholme und Stützfüße definierte Stand-Viereck ist die Standsicherheit des Krans am größten, wenn der Ausleger in Richtung des am weitesten ausgefahrenen Schiebeholms weist. Bei eingefahrenen Schiebeholmen mit ausgefahrenen Stützfüßen ist die Standsicherheit in Längsrichtung des Unterwagens größer als in Richtung von dessen Querachse. Die Überlastsicherung muß daher immer auch den Ausfahrzustand der Schiebeholme berücksichtigen, was insofern problematisch sein kann, als sich die Standsicherheit auch bei unterschiedlicher Ausfahrlänge einzelner Schiebeholme ändert.The stability of a crane vehicle with a telescopic boom depends not only on the size of the load hanging on the telescopic boom, but also on the luffing angle and extension length of the telescopic boom, on the deflection of the telescopic boom and in particular also on the angle of rotation of the uppercarriage with the telescopic boom to the undercarriage and through the support feet of the sliding beams defined stand square. Relative to the quadrilateral defined by the extended sliding beams and support legs, the stability of the crane is greatest when the boom points in the direction of the most extended sliding beam. When the sliding spars are retracted with the support legs extended, the stability in the longitudinal direction of the undercarriage is greater than in the direction of its transverse axis. The overload protection must therefore always take into account the extension status of the sliding spars, which can be problematic in that the stability changes even with different extension lengths of individual sliding spars.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Kranfahrzeug der eingangs angegebenen Art zu schaffen, bei der die Überlastsicherungseinrichtung in einfacher und zuverlässiger Weise die unterschiedlichen Ausfahrlängen der Schiebeholme berücksichtigt.The object of the invention is therefore to create a crane vehicle of the type specified at the outset, in which the overload protection device takes into account the different extension lengths of the sliding beams in a simple and reliable manner.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einem Kranfahrzeug der eingangs angegebenen Art dadurch gelöst, daß eine den Ausfahrzustand der Schiebeholme erfassende Überwachungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, die dem jeweiligen Ausfahrzustand der einzelnen Schiebeholme entsprechende Signale der Überlastsicherungseinrichtung zuführt, und daß die Überlastsicherungseinrichtung bei der Ermittlung der die Standsicherheit gefährdenden Grenzen für sämtliche Schiebeholme von der geringsten Ausfahrlänge eines der Schiebeholme ausgeht.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a crane vehicle of the type specified at the outset in that a monitoring device is provided which detects the extension state of the sliding spars, which supplies the overload protection device with signals corresponding to the respective extending state of the individual sliding spars, and in that the overload protection device when determining the limits endangering stability for all sliding beams, the minimum extension length of one of the sliding beams is assumed.

Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß bei der Erfassung der die Standsicherheit des Krans gefährdenden Grenzen immer und zuverlässig dann auf der sicheren Seite verblieben wird, wenn unabhängig von den unterschiedlichen Ausfahrlängen der Schiebeholme immer nur von der geringsten Ausfahrlänge eines Schiebeholms ausgegangen wird, die dann unabhängig von den größeren Ausfahrlängen auch den anderen Schiebeholmen zugrundegelegt wird, so daß nur ein kleineres Stand-Viereck berücksichtigt wird, als es möglicherweise aufgrund größerer Ausfahrlängen einzelner Schiebeholme vorliegt. Bei der Ermittlung der Kippsicherheit wird also nur die geringste Ausfahrlänge eines der Schiebeholme berücksichtigt, so daß die erforderliche Standsicherheit auch dann gewährleistet ist, wenn der Ausleger in Richtung des Schiebeholms mit der geringsten Ausfahrlänge weist, wobei die größeren Standsicherheiten in Richtung der Schiebeholme mit größeren Ausfahrlängen unberücksichtigt bleiben.The invention is based on the knowledge that when the limits jeopardizing the stability of the crane are detected, it will always and reliably remain on the safe side if, irrespective of the different extension lengths of the sliding spars, only the smallest extending length of a sliding spar is assumed, which then, independently of the larger extension lengths, the other sliding spars are also taken as a basis, so that only a smaller standing square is taken into account than may be the case due to the longer extending lengths of individual sliding spars. When determining the safety against tipping, only the smallest extension length of one of the sliding beams is taken into account, so that the required stability is guaranteed even when the boom is in the direction of the sliding beam points with the smallest extension length, whereby the greater stability in the direction of the sliding beams with larger extension lengths are not taken into account.

Zusätzlich kann eine die Verbolzung der Schiebeholme überwachende Einrichtung vorgesehen sein, die ein Signal an eine zentrale Überwachungseinheit abgibt, wenn ein Schiebeholm nicht verbolzt ist.In addition, a device monitoring the bolting of the sliding beams can be provided, which emits a signal to a central monitoring unit when a sliding beam is not bolted.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen

Fig. 1a bis 1c
eine Draufsicht auf den Unterwagen eines Kranfahrzeugs mit unterschiedlich weit ausgefahrenen Schiebeholmen in schematischer Darstellung und
Fig. 2a bis 2c
die Erfassung von unterschiedlich weit ausgefahrenen Schiebeholmen für die Ermittlung der Standsicherheit in schematischer Darstellung.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. In this show
1a to 1c
a plan view of the undercarriage of a crane vehicle with differently extended sliding beams in a schematic representation and
2a to 2c
the detection of differently extended sliding beams for the determination of stability in a schematic representation.

Aus Fig. 1 ist schematisch ein Unterwagen 1 eines Kranfahrzeugs ersichtlich, aus dem Schiebeholme 2 ausfahrbar sind, die an ihren Enden Stützfüße 3 tragen, die durch Hydraulikzylinder rechtwinkelig zu den Schiebeholmen in vertikaler Richtung gegen den Boden ausfahrbar sind. Die Schiebeholme 2 befinden sich in den Endbereichen der beiden Längsseiten des Unterwagens 1 und sind rechtwinkelig zu dessen Längsmittelebene ausfahrbar.From Fig. 1, an undercarriage 1 of a crane vehicle can be seen schematically, from which sliding beams 2 can be extended, which support legs 3 at their ends, which can be extended vertically against the ground by hydraulic cylinders at right angles to the sliding beams. The sliding beams 2 are located in the end regions of the two long sides of the undercarriage 1 and can be extended at right angles to its longitudinal center plane.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel lassen sich die Schiebeholme in drei Stufen ausfahren, in denen sie jeweils in ihren Führungen verbolzt werden müssen.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the sliding beams can be extended in three stages, in which they must each be bolted in their guides.

Aus Fig. 1a sind sämtliche Schiebeholme mit ihrer größsten Ausfahrlänge ersichtlich.From Fig. 1a all sliding beams with their greatest extension length can be seen.

Bei dem Ausfahrzustand nach Fig. 1b befinden sich die Schiebeholme 2 in ihrem mittleren Ausfahrzustand.In the extended state according to FIG. 1b, the sliding beams 2 are in their middle extended state.

Aus Fig. 1c sind die Schiebeholme mit ihrer geringsten Ausfahrlänge bzw. in ihrem eingefahrenen Zustand ersichtlich, in dem die Stützfüße ebenfalls zu ihrer Abstützung auf dem Boden aufruhen.From Fig. 1c, the sliding spars can be seen with their smallest extension length or in their retracted state, in which the support feet also rest on the ground for their support.

Aufgrund vorgegebener örtlicher Bedingungen kann es sich ergeben, daß einzelne Schiebeholme nicht bis auf ihre volle Länge ausgefahren werden können. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch bedingt sein, daß Hindernisse, wie Bauwerke, im Wege sind oder kürzere Ausfahrlängen gewählt werden müssen, um einen genügend festen Boden zu erreichen.Due to the given local conditions, it may be the case that individual sliding beams cannot be extended to their full length. This can be caused, for example, by the fact that obstacles, such as structures, are in the way or shorter extension lengths have to be selected in order to achieve a sufficiently solid floor.

Aus der linken Spalte der Fig. 2 sind drei Zustände dargestellt, in denen die einzelnen Schiebeholme des Kranfahrzeugs unterschiedlich weit ausgefahren sind.From the left column of FIG. 2 three states are shown, in which the individual sliding beams of the crane vehicle are extended to different extents.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 sind die auf der linken Fahrzeugseite befindlichen Schiebeholme bis in ihre mittlere Stellung ausgefahren, während die auf der rechten Seite befindlichen Schiebeholme vollständig ausgefahren sind. Für die Ermittlung der Standfestigkeit wird daher nur von einem Zustand ausgegangen, bei dem sämtliche Schiebeholme nur auf ihre mittlere Stellung ausgefahren sind, wie es aus der rechten Skizze der Fig. 2a ersichtlich ist.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the sliding beams located on the left-hand side of the vehicle are extended to their middle position, while the sliding beams located on the right-hand side are fully extended. For the determination of the stability, it is therefore assumed that there is only one state in which all the sliding spars are only extended to their middle position, as can be seen from the right sketch in FIG. 2a.

Bei den beiden unteren Ausführungsbeispielen der Fig. 2 sind der linken Spalte wiederum die Schiebeholme unterschiedlich weit ausgefahren, wobei sich jeweils ein Schiebeholm zwei in seiner kürzesten Ausfahrstellung, bzw. seiner eingefahrenen Stellung befindet. Für die Ermittlung des bei der Sicherheitsbetrachtung zu berücksichtigenden Stand-Viereck wird daher, wie es aus der rechten Seite der Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, nur von einem Zustand ausgegangen, bei dem sich sämtliche Schiebeholme in ihrer eingefahrenen Stellung befinden.In the two lower exemplary embodiments in FIG. 2, the left-hand column in turn extends the sliding spars to different extents, one sliding spar in each case being in its shortest extended position or retracted position. Therefore, as can be seen from the right-hand side of FIG. 2, only one state is assumed for the determination of the standing square to be taken into account in the safety analysis, in which all the sliding beams are in their retracted position.

Claims (2)

Kranfahrzeug mit einem an dessen Oberwagen angelenkten Ausleger, vorzugsweise Teleskopausleger, der durch einen an diesem und dem Oberwagen angelenkten Wippzylinder wippbar ist, mit an den einander gegenüberliegenden Endbereichen der Längsseiten des Unterwagens angeordneten aufahrbaren Schiebeholmen, die an ihren Enden mit ausfahrbaren Stützfüßen versehen sind, und mit einer Überlastsicherungseinrichtung, die ein Signal erzeugt und/oder den Kranbetrieb stoppt, wenn der Kran seine Standsicherheit gefährdenden Grenzen anfährt oder überschreitet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine den Ausfahrzustand der Schiebeholme erfassende Überwachungseinrichtung vorgesehen ist, die dem jeweiligen Ausfahrzustand der einzelnen Schiebeholme entsprechende Signale der Überlastsicherungseinrichtung zuführt, und daß die Überlastsicherungseinrichtung bei der Ermittlung der die Standsicherheit gefährdenden Grenzen für sämtliche Schiebeholme von der geringsten Ausfahrlänge eines der Schiebeholme ausgeht. Crane vehicle with a boom articulated on its superstructure, preferably a telescopic boom, which can be luffed by a luffing cylinder articulated on this and the superstructure, with retractable sliding spars arranged on the opposite end regions of the long sides of the undercarriage, which are provided with extendable support feet at their ends, and with an overload protection device that generates a signal and / or stops the crane operation if the crane approaches or exceeds its stability-threatening limits, characterized, that a monitoring device which detects the extended state of the sliding beams is provided, the signals corresponding to the respective extended state of the individual sliding beams feeds the overload protection device, and that the overload protection device assumes the smallest extension length of one of the sliding beams when determining the limits which endanger the stability for all sliding beams. Kranfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine die Verbolzung der Schiebeholme überwachende Einrichtung vorgesehen ist, die ein Signal an eine zentrale Überwachungseinheit abgibt, wenn ein Schiebeholm nicht verbolzt ist.Crane vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a device monitoring the bolting of the sliding beams is provided which emits a signal to a central monitoring unit when a sliding beam is not bolted.
EP96118131A 1995-12-14 1996-11-12 Crane truck Revoked EP0779238B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29519871U 1995-12-14
DE29519871U DE29519871U1 (en) 1995-12-14 1995-12-14 Crane vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0779238A1 true EP0779238A1 (en) 1997-06-18
EP0779238B1 EP0779238B1 (en) 1999-09-15

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US (1) US5813551A (en)
EP (1) EP0779238B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09175786A (en)
DE (2) DE29519871U1 (en)

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DE19857298A1 (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-21 Klaas Theodor Gmbh & Co Portable roofer crane to lift loads; has undercarriage with retractable floor supports and sensors to determine compression stress of each support to activate safety and evaluation circuits if threshold value is reached
DE202013003375U1 (en) 2013-04-11 2013-05-22 Hermann Paus Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Mobile trailer crane
DE202013003376U1 (en) 2013-04-11 2013-05-22 Hermann Paus Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Mobile trailer crane
EP2674384B1 (en) 2012-06-13 2021-01-27 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH Method for monitoring crane safety and crane

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US7525276B2 (en) * 2005-09-13 2009-04-28 Romer, Inc. Vehicle having an articulator
DE102008036994A1 (en) 2008-08-08 2010-02-11 Ifm Electronic Gmbh Sliding cross-beam for use in machine, for e.g. vehicle crane or excavator, has sliding box spar and extended sliding cross-beam, where optical distance measuring system is provided
RU2012140237A (en) * 2011-09-23 2014-03-27 МАНИТОВОК КРЕЙН КАМПЕНИЗ, ЭлЭлСи SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR MONITORING OUTDOOR SUPPORTS
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JPS58212585A (en) 1982-06-02 1983-12-10 日立建機株式会社 Crane
FR2534643A1 (en) * 1982-10-15 1984-04-20 Bennes Marrel Hydraulic circuit loading monitor for mobile crane
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE19857298A1 (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-21 Klaas Theodor Gmbh & Co Portable roofer crane to lift loads; has undercarriage with retractable floor supports and sensors to determine compression stress of each support to activate safety and evaluation circuits if threshold value is reached
DE19857298C2 (en) * 1998-12-14 2001-03-08 Klaas Theodor Gmbh & Co Roofing crane with tilt sensor
EP2674384B1 (en) 2012-06-13 2021-01-27 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH Method for monitoring crane safety and crane
DE202013003375U1 (en) 2013-04-11 2013-05-22 Hermann Paus Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Mobile trailer crane
DE202013003376U1 (en) 2013-04-11 2013-05-22 Hermann Paus Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Mobile trailer crane
DE102014005115A1 (en) 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 Hermann Paus Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Mobile trailer crane

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US5813551A (en) 1998-09-29
DE29519871U1 (en) 1996-03-21
JPH09175786A (en) 1997-07-08
EP0779238B1 (en) 1999-09-15
DE59603061D1 (en) 1999-10-21

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