EP0775027A1 - Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle

Info

Publication number
EP0775027A1
EP0775027A1 EP95925736A EP95925736A EP0775027A1 EP 0775027 A1 EP0775027 A1 EP 0775027A1 EP 95925736 A EP95925736 A EP 95925736A EP 95925736 A EP95925736 A EP 95925736A EP 0775027 A1 EP0775027 A1 EP 0775027A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner tube
tubular body
cold drawing
outer tube
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95925736A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0775027B1 (en
Inventor
Franz CÜRTEN
Dieter Wittenberg
Martin Kiessling
Günter MALLY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Publication of EP0775027A1 publication Critical patent/EP0775027A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0775027B1 publication Critical patent/EP0775027B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/151—Making tubes with multiple passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a hollow axis, which is used in particular for mounting valve actuation levers for controlling gas exchange valves in an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a hollow axis, in particular a rocker arm axis of the type mentioned is known from DE 4221 708 A1.
  • the rocker arm axis consists of an outer tube, in the interior of which a profiled tubular body is arranged in a fixed manner. At least two, preferably three liquid-carrying chambers are formed by this tubular body having a longitudinal web.
  • the tubular body is provided with an approximately V-shaped cut-out which extends in the longitudinal direction to form a chamber.
  • the inserted or pressed-in tubular body is fixed by cam-like elevations or profiles of the jacket of the tubular body.
  • Diameter scope of tubes pushed into one another a drawbar is first formed on one end and then the tubes are pulled cold onto one another.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a hollow axle, in particular for the pivotable mounting of valve actuation levers, in which the position fixing and the sealing of the chambers is retained even under operational conditions and which allows the inexpensive production of longer lengths.
  • the hollow axis produced is characterized in that, instead of an insertion profile, a profiled inner tube connected to the outer tube is used to form two chambers.
  • the profiled inner tube has an area which is curved inward in cross section, which is rounded and merges into the circular area without a shoulder.
  • the two chambers are sealed in such a way that the entire circumferential area of the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the
  • Inner tube is provided with a solder layer.
  • the outer and the inner tube are preferably both made of steel. But other materials such as Cu, Al and combinations with steel are also conceivable. When used as a rocker arm axis, it is often necessary to partially inductively harden the hollow axis. In such a case, the outer tube used is preferably one made from tempering steel.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the profiled inner tube can be drawn or rolled inexpensively.
  • the slide-in profile used according to the state of the art can only be produced using a complex extrusion process.
  • the required tightness of the chambers is ensured by the solder layer applied over the entire circumference coming to the system.
  • the solder layer applied over the entire circumference coming to the system.
  • the two pressed surfaces are as bright as possible metallic and there are no interfering foreign particles in between. This is achieved in that both the outer and the inner tube are brightly annealed in a reducing atmosphere before being pushed together.
  • this heat treatment can be preceded by a degreasing process to ensure that there are no possibly cracking lubricant residues on the surface. So that
  • the bulge area must not be too acute-angled.
  • a minimum opening angle of 60 ° and a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm have proven to be favorable. Otherwise, the spring effect of the bulge area is too great despite the supporting inner tool, so that a certain area does not come into contact with the transition.
  • the outer surface of the inner tube is galvanically copper-plated before being pushed into one another.
  • solder paste or to wrap the inner tube in a solder foil or to sprinkle the bare surface with a solder powder.
  • the latter type of application can be supported by an electrostatic charge.
  • the actual soldering is then carried out by annealing after cold drawing.
  • This annealing can be a heat treatment that would be required after cold drawing or an annealing in the course of induction hardening.
  • the gap in the transition between the curved area of the inner tube and the conforming area of the outer tube can also be filled with a solder.
  • a solder wire made of copper, for example is inserted into the smaller chamber formed by the inner tube, and the tube is then annealed .
  • the manufacture of a hollow axle according to the invention is explained in more detail below using an example.
  • the hollow axis should have an outer diameter of 24 mm and a wall thickness of 5.0 mm.
  • a profiled inner tube is made from a St. 35 steel by cold drawing with the dimensions 17.5 mm outer diameter (Da l) and 1.7 mm wall made. This inner tube is also subjected to heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. Before pushing one into the other, the outer surface of the inner tube is galvanically copper-plated. Then the inner tube is inserted into the outer tube and a drawbar is forged.
  • an appropriately designed inner tool is used for support during cold drawing.
  • a certain amount of lubricant is entered into the inner tube as a depot, while a circulating lubrication is used for the external lubrication.
  • the hollow axis thus formed has an outer diameter of 24 mm with a total wall thickness of 5 mm.
  • the hollow axis is subjected to annealing at 1100 ° C for soldering so that the two pipes, which are pulled together soundproof, are also firmly bonded.
  • a solder wire can be inserted into the chamber formed by the curvature in order to ensure that the gusset area in the transition from the curvature to the circular inner tube is filled with solder. If necessary, a final normalization treatment is carried out to eliminate the coarse grain that may have formed.
  • Fig. 1 shows in cross section based on the previously described manufacturing example in the finished state a hollow axis with an outer tube 1, z. B. from a tempering steel Ck45 and a profiled inner tube 2, z. B. from St35. Both tubular bodies were pulled together coldly as described above.
  • the profiled inner tube 2 forms two chambers 3, 4 together with the outer tube 1, the smaller chamber 4 being limited in cross section by an inner peripheral region of the outer tube 1 and an outer peripheral region of the inwardly extending curvature 5 of the inner tube 2 merges rounded into the circular area 6 of the inner tube 3. Ideally, this circular area 6 comes fully to bear on the inside of the outer tube 1.
  • the degree of the system is strongly influenced by the type of bulge 5.
  • a favorable value has an opening angle 7 of at least 60 ° and a radius of curvature R-
  • the radius of curvature R2 in the curve transition should not be less than 0.5 mm. Otherwise there is
  • the proposed integral connection between the inner 2 and outer tube 1 has the advantage that when calculating the load-bearing capacity of the hollow axis, the total wall, ie. H. Wall outer tube 1 plus wall inner tube 2 can be taken into account. This enables a reduction in the wall thickness of the outer tube 1 and leads to a corresponding weight saving.
  • the web otherwise provided in the prior art for increasing the rigidity can thus be omitted.

Abstract

The invention concerns a hollow spindle, in particular a spindle designed to mount valve-actuator arms so that they can pivot to control the gas-changing valves in an internal-combustion engine. The spindle consists of an outer tube inside which a shaped-section tubular body is fixed to form at least two liquid-carrying chambers, the tubular body having a groove extending along its length to form one of the chambers. The invention calls for the inner tubular body (2) to have, viewed in section, an inwards-curving region (5) which makes a rounded transition, without steps, to the circular region (6) and for at least the circular region (6) to be rigidly joined by virtue of its material to the outer tube (1).

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hohlen Achse Hollow axis manufacturing method
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hohlen Achse, die insbesondere zur Lagerung von Ventilbetätigungshebeln zur Steuerung von Gaswechselventilen in einer Brennkraftmaschine dient, gemäß dem Gattungsbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a method for producing a hollow axis, which is used in particular for mounting valve actuation levers for controlling gas exchange valves in an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of the main claim.
Eine hohle Achse, insbesondere eine Kipphebelachse der genannten Art ist aus der DE 4221 708 A1 bekannt. Hierbei besteht die Kipphebelachse aus einem Außenrohr, in dessen Innenraum ein profilierter Rohrkörper fixiert angeordnet ist. Durch diesen einen Längssteg aufweisenden Rohrkörper werden mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise drei flüssigkeitsführende Kammern gebildet. Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform (Fig. 2) ist zur Bildung einer Kammer der Rohrkörper mit einem etwa V-förmig ausgebildeten, in Längsrichtung sich erstreckenden Ausschnitt versehen. Die Fixierung des eingeschobenen bzw. eingepreßten Rohrkörpers erfolgt durch nockenartige Erhöhungen oder Profilierungen des Mantels des Rohrkörpers. Nachteilig ist, daß die Aufrechterhaltung der Lagefixierung sowie die Abdichtung der Kammern unter betrieblichen Bedingungen nicht sichergestellt ist und die herstellbaren Längen begrenzt sind, so daß die Herstellkosten entsprechend hoch sind.A hollow axis, in particular a rocker arm axis of the type mentioned is known from DE 4221 708 A1. Here, the rocker arm axis consists of an outer tube, in the interior of which a profiled tubular body is arranged in a fixed manner. At least two, preferably three liquid-carrying chambers are formed by this tubular body having a longitudinal web. In a special embodiment (FIG. 2), the tubular body is provided with an approximately V-shaped cut-out which extends in the longitudinal direction to form a chamber. The inserted or pressed-in tubular body is fixed by cam-like elevations or profiles of the jacket of the tubular body. The disadvantage is that the maintenance of the position fixation and the sealing of the chambers is not ensured under operational conditions and the lengths that can be produced are limited, so that the manufacturing costs are correspondingly high.
Aus den Schriften U.S. 3,863,328 und U.S. 4,125,924 ist es bekannt, ein klangfestes Ineinanderfügen zweier Rohre dadurch zu erreichen, daß bei den mit einem gewissenFrom U.S. Writings 3,863,328 and U.S. 4,125,924 it is known to achieve a sound-proof joining of two pipes in that the pipes with a certain
Durchmesser-Spielraum ineinandergeschobenen Rohren an dem einen Ende zunächst eine Ziehangel angeformt wird und sodann die Rohre kalt aufeinandergezogen werden.Diameter scope of tubes pushed into one another, a drawbar is first formed on one end and then the tubes are pulled cold onto one another.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hohlen Achse, insbesondere zur schwenkbaren Lagerung von Ventilbetätigungshebeln zu schaffen, bei dem die Lagefixierung und die Abdichtung der Kammern auch unter betrieblichen Bedingungen erhalten bleibt und das die kostengünstige Herstellung größeren Längen erlaubt. Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Bestandteil von Unteransprüchen.The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a hollow axle, in particular for the pivotable mounting of valve actuation levers, in which the position fixing and the sealing of the chambers is retained even under operational conditions and which allows the inexpensive production of longer lengths. This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments are part of subclaims.
Die erzeugte hohle Achse zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zur Bildung von zwei Kammern statt eines Einschubprofiles ein mit dem Außenrohr stoffschlüssig verbundenes profiliertes Innenrohr verwendet wird. Das profilierte Innenrohr weist einen im Querschnitt gesehen nach innen gewölbten Bereich auf, der abgerundet und ohne Absatz in den kreisförmigen Bereich übergeht. Die Abdichtung der beiden Kammern erfolgt in der Weise, daß der gesamte zur Anlage kommende Umfangsbereich der Innenfläche des Außenrohres und der Außenfläche desThe hollow axis produced is characterized in that, instead of an insertion profile, a profiled inner tube connected to the outer tube is used to form two chambers. The profiled inner tube has an area which is curved inward in cross section, which is rounded and merges into the circular area without a shoulder. The two chambers are sealed in such a way that the entire circumferential area of the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the
Innenrohres mit einer Lötschicht versehen ist. Das Außen- als auch das Innenrohr sind vorzugsweise beide aus Stahl. Aber auch andere Werkstoffe wie Cu, AI und Kombinationen mit Stahl sind denkbar. In der Anwendung als Kipphebelachse ist es in vielen Fällen erforderlich, die hohle Achse partiell induktiv zu härten. In einem solchen Fall wird als Außenrohr vorzugsweise ein solches aus einem Vergütungsstahl eingesetzt.Inner tube is provided with a solder layer. The outer and the inner tube are preferably both made of steel. But other materials such as Cu, Al and combinations with steel are also conceivable. When used as a rocker arm axis, it is often necessary to partially inductively harden the hollow axis. In such a case, the outer tube used is preferably one made from tempering steel.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß das profilierte Innenrohr kostengünstig gezogen oder gewalzt werden kann. Das nach dem Stand der technik verwendete Einschubprofil ist nur über ein aufwendiges Strangpressverfahren herstellbar. Durch die über den gesamten zur Anlage kommenden Umfang aufgebrachte Lötschicht wird die geforderte Dichtheit der Kammern gewährleistet. Durch ein Kaltziehen der zuvor ineinandergeschobenen Rohre werden diese klangfest aufeinandergezogen. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß die beiden aufeinandergepreßten Flächen möglichst metallisch blank sind und sich keine störenden Fremdpartikel dazwischen befinden. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß vor dem Ineinanderschieben sowohl das Außen- wie auch das Innenrohr in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre blank geglüht werden. Zusätzlich kann man dieser Wärmebehandlung noch einen Entfettungsprozeß davorschalten, um sicherzustellen, daß sich keine möglicherweise vercrackende Schmiermittelreste mehr auf der Oberfläche befinden. Damit dasThe advantage of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the profiled inner tube can be drawn or rolled inexpensively. The slide-in profile used according to the state of the art can only be produced using a complex extrusion process. The required tightness of the chambers is ensured by the solder layer applied over the entire circumference coming to the system. By cold-pulling the previously pushed tubes, they are pulled together soundproof. It should be noted that the two pressed surfaces are as bright as possible metallic and there are no interfering foreign particles in between. This is achieved in that both the outer and the inner tube are brightly annealed in a reducing atmosphere before being pushed together. In addition, this heat treatment can be preceded by a degreasing process to ensure that there are no possibly cracking lubricant residues on the surface. So that
Innenrohr mit Ausnahme des Wölbungsbereiches am gesamten übrigen Umfang zur Anlage kommt, darf der Wölbungsbereich nicht zu spitzwinklig ausgebildet sein. Als günstig hat sich ein Mindestöffnungswinkel von 60° sowie ein Krümmungsradius der Wölbung von min 2,5 mm erwiesen. Andernfalls ist die Federwirkung des Wölbungsbereiches trotz abstützenden Innenwerkzeuges zu groß, so daß ein bestimmter Bereich im Übergang nicht zur Anlage kommt. Wie schon zuvor erwähnt, wird zur Aufrechterhaltung der Dichtheit der Kammern vorgeschlagen, die Innenoberfläche des Außenrohres und die Außenoberfläche des Innenrohres mit einer dazwischenliegenden Lötschicht zu versehen. Beispielsweise wird dazu die Mantelfläche des Innenrohres vor dem Ineinanderschieben galvanisch verkupfert. Alternativ ist es auch möglich eine Lötpaste aufzutragen oder das Innenrohr in eine Lötfolie einzuwickeln oder die blanke Oberfläche mit einem Lötpulver zu bestreuen. Die letztgenannte Art der Aufbringung kann noch unterstützt werden durch eine elektrostatische Aufladung. Das eigentliche Löten erfolgt dann durch eine Glühung nach dem Kaltziehen. Diese Glühung kann eine Wärmebehandlung sein, die nach dem Kaltziehen erforderlich wäre oder eine Glühung im Zuge der Induktivhärtung. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann auch der Spalt im Übergang zwischen gewölbtem Bereich des Innenrohres und anschmiegenden Bereich des Außenrohres mit einem Lot gefüllt werden. Dazu wird in die durch das Innenrohr gebildete kleinere Kammer ein Lötdraht beispielsweise aus Kupfer eingelegt und das Rohr dann geglüht.. Die für das Glühen erforderliche hohe Temperatur im Bereich von 1100° C bei Verwendung eines Hartlotes aus Cu kann je nach Stahlgüte zu einer Grobkornbildung führen. Um diese weitgehend zu eliminieren, wird außerdem vorgeschlagen, nach dem Löten eine Normalisierungsglühung durchzuführen. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, ein Silberlot mit einem niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt zu verwenden, so daß die Glühung zum Löten einer üblichen Abschlußwärmebehandlung bei etwa 950° entspricht ohne Gefahr einer Grobkornbildung. Die höheren Kosten für das Silberlot werden dabei durch den Wegfall einer weiteren Wärmebehandlung ausgeglichen. Zu beachten dabei ist, daß bei Verwendung eines Silberlotes in vielen Fällen ein Flußmittel erforderlich ist, was je nach Anwendungsfall der hohlen Achse oft nicht erwünscht ist, da die Rückstände des Flußmittels zu unerwünschten chemischen Reaktionen führen können.If the inner tube comes into contact with the entire remaining circumference with the exception of the bulge area, the bulge area must not be too acute-angled. A minimum opening angle of 60 ° and a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm have proven to be favorable. Otherwise, the spring effect of the bulge area is too great despite the supporting inner tool, so that a certain area does not come into contact with the transition. As already mentioned before, in order to maintain the tightness of the chambers, it is proposed to provide the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the inner tube with an intermediate soldering layer. For example, the outer surface of the inner tube is galvanically copper-plated before being pushed into one another. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply a solder paste or to wrap the inner tube in a solder foil or to sprinkle the bare surface with a solder powder. The latter type of application can be supported by an electrostatic charge. The actual soldering is then carried out by annealing after cold drawing. This annealing can be a heat treatment that would be required after cold drawing or an annealing in the course of induction hardening. Additionally or alternatively, the gap in the transition between the curved area of the inner tube and the conforming area of the outer tube can also be filled with a solder. For this purpose, a solder wire made of copper, for example, is inserted into the smaller chamber formed by the inner tube, and the tube is then annealed . In order to largely eliminate this, it is also proposed to carry out a normalization annealing after the soldering. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a silver solder with a lower melting point, so that the annealing for soldering corresponds to a conventional final heat treatment at about 950 ° without the risk of coarse grain formation. The higher costs for the silver solder are offset by the elimination of further heat treatment. It should be noted here that when using a silver solder, a flux is required in many cases, which is often not desirable depending on the application of the hollow axis, since the residues of the flux can lead to undesirable chemical reactions.
Nachfolgend wird anhand eines Beispieles die Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen hohlen Achse näher erläutert. Bei diesem Beispiel soll die hohle Achse einen Außendurchmesser von 24 mm und eine Wanddicke von 5,0 mm aufweisen.The manufacture of a hollow axle according to the invention is explained in more detail below using an example. In this example, the hollow axis should have an outer diameter of 24 mm and a wall thickness of 5.0 mm.
Ausgehend von einem kaltgefertigten Außenrohr mit der Abmessung 26,1 mm äußerer Durchmesser (Da A) und 3,8 mm Wand aus einem Vergütungsstahl z. B. Ck 45 wird dieses einem normalisierenden Glühen in reduzierender Atmosphäre unterworfen. Parallel dazu wird beispielsweise aus einem Baustahl St. 35 ein profiliertes Innenrohr durch Kaltziehen mit der Abmessung 17,5 mm äußerer Durchmesser (Da l) und 1,7 mm Wand hergestellt. Auch dieses Innenrohr wird einer Wärmebehandlung in reduzierender Atmosphäre unterworfen. Vor dem Ineinanderschieben wird die Außenoberfläche des Innenrohres galvanisch verkupfert. Danach wird das Innenrohr in das Außenrohr eingeschoben und eine Ziehangel angeschmiedet. Damit die zuvor angeformte Wölbung des Innenrohres sich beginnend am Übergang möglichst ohne Unterbrechungen am Außenrohr anlegt, wird zur Abstützung beim Kaltziehen ein entsprechend ausgebildetes Innenwerkzeug verwendet. Für die Innenschmierung wird eine bestimmte Schmiermittelmenge als Depot in das innenrohr eingegeben, während für die Außenschmierung eine Umlaufschmierung zur Anwendung kommt. Nach dem Kaltziehen weist die so gebildete hohle Achse einen Außendurchmesser von 24 mm auf bei einer Gesamtwanddicke von 5 mm. Damit die beiden klangfest aufeinander gezogenen Rohre auch stoffschlüssig verbunden sind, wird die hohle Achse zum Löten einer Glühung bei 1100° C unterworfen. Zusätzlich kann dazu in die durch die Wölbung gebildete Kammer ein Lötdraht eingelegt werden, um sicherzustellen, daß auch der Zwickelbereich im Übergang Wölbung-kreisrundes Innenrohr mit Löt gefüllt ist. Falls erforderlich wird zur Eliminierung des möglicherweise sich gebildeten Grobkornes eine abschließende Normalisierungsbehandlung durchgeführt.Starting from a cold-machined outer tube with the dimensions 26.1 mm outer diameter (Da A) and 3.8 mm wall made of a tempering steel z. B. Ck 45 this is subjected to a normalizing glow in a reducing atmosphere. In parallel, for example, a profiled inner tube is made from a St. 35 steel by cold drawing with the dimensions 17.5 mm outer diameter (Da l) and 1.7 mm wall made. This inner tube is also subjected to heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. Before pushing one into the other, the outer surface of the inner tube is galvanically copper-plated. Then the inner tube is inserted into the outer tube and a drawbar is forged. To ensure that the previously formed curvature of the inner tube comes into contact with the outer tube without any interruptions, starting with the transition, an appropriately designed inner tool is used for support during cold drawing. For the internal lubrication, a certain amount of lubricant is entered into the inner tube as a depot, while a circulating lubrication is used for the external lubrication. After cold drawing, the hollow axis thus formed has an outer diameter of 24 mm with a total wall thickness of 5 mm. The hollow axis is subjected to annealing at 1100 ° C for soldering so that the two pipes, which are pulled together soundproof, are also firmly bonded. In addition, a solder wire can be inserted into the chamber formed by the curvature in order to ensure that the gusset area in the transition from the curvature to the circular inner tube is filled with solder. If necessary, a final normalization treatment is carried out to eliminate the coarse grain that may have formed.
In der Zeichnung ist im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment is shown in cross section.
Fig. 1 zeigt im Querschnitt in Anlehnung an das zuvor erläuterte Herstellungsbeispiel im Fertigzustand eine hohle Achse mit einem Außenrohr 1 , z. B. aus einem Vergütungsstahl Ck45 und ein profiliertes Innenrohr 2, z. B. aus St35. Beide rohrförmige Körper wurden wie zuvor beschrieben klangfest kalt aufeinander gezogen. Das profilierte Innenrohr 2 bildet zusammen mit dem Außenrohr 1 zwei Kammern 3,4, wobei die kleinere Kammer 4 im Querschnitt begrenzt wird durch einen inneren Umfangsbereich des Außenrohres 1 und einen äußeren Umfangsbereich der nach innen sich erstreckenden Wölbung 5 des Innenrohres 2. Der Wölbungsbereich 5 geht abgerundet in den kreisförmigen Bereich 6 des Innenrohres 3 über. Im Idealfall kommt dieser kreisförmige Bereich 6 voll an der Innenseite des Außenrohres 1 zur Anlage. Der Grad der Anlage wird stark beeinfluß durch die Art der Auswölbung 5. Diese darf nicht zu spitzwinklig und nicht zu klein abgerundet sein. Als günstiger Wert hat sich ein Öffnungswinkel 7 von mindestens 60° und ein Krümmungsradius R-| in der Wölbung von mindestens 2,5 mm herausgestellt. Der Abrundungsradius R2 im Wölbungsübergang sollte nicht kleiner als 0,5 mm sein. Anderenfalls besteht dieFig. 1 shows in cross section based on the previously described manufacturing example in the finished state a hollow axis with an outer tube 1, z. B. from a tempering steel Ck45 and a profiled inner tube 2, z. B. from St35. Both tubular bodies were pulled together coldly as described above. The profiled inner tube 2 forms two chambers 3, 4 together with the outer tube 1, the smaller chamber 4 being limited in cross section by an inner peripheral region of the outer tube 1 and an outer peripheral region of the inwardly extending curvature 5 of the inner tube 2 merges rounded into the circular area 6 of the inner tube 3. Ideally, this circular area 6 comes fully to bear on the inside of the outer tube 1. The degree of the system is strongly influenced by the type of bulge 5. This must not be rounded at an acute angle and not too small. A favorable value has an opening angle 7 of at least 60 ° and a radius of curvature R- | in the curvature of at least 2.5 mm. The radius of curvature R2 in the curve transition should not be less than 0.5 mm. Otherwise there is
Gefahr, daß durch die Federung des Wölbungsbereiches 5 der Übergangsbereich 8 nicht zur Anlage kommt. Im Anwendungsfall als Kipphebelachse zur Steuerung von Gaswechselventilen werden die Kammern 3,4 an verschiedenen Stellen angebohrt. Dies erfordert eine möglichst lückenlose Abdichtung zwischen den Kammern 3,4.Danger of the transition area 8 due to the suspension of the arch area 5 does not come to the plant. In the application case as a rocker arm axis for controlling gas exchange valves, the chambers 3, 4 are drilled at various points. This requires a seal that is as complete as possible between the chambers 3, 4.
Die vorgeschlagene stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Innen 2- und Außenrohr 1 hat den Vorteil, daß bei der Berechnung der Tragfähigkeit der hohlen Achse die Gesamtwand, d. h. Wand Außenrohr 1 plus Wand Innenrohr 2 berücksichtigt werden können. Dies ermöglicht eine Reduzierung der Wanddicke des Außenrohres 1 und führt zu einer entsprechenden Gewichtseinsparung. Der ansonsten im Stand der Technik vorgesehene Steg zur Erhöhung der Steifigkeit kann damit entfallen. The proposed integral connection between the inner 2 and outer tube 1 has the advantage that when calculating the load-bearing capacity of the hollow axis, the total wall, ie. H. Wall outer tube 1 plus wall inner tube 2 can be taken into account. This enables a reduction in the wall thickness of the outer tube 1 and leads to a corresponding weight saving. The web otherwise provided in the prior art for increasing the rigidity can thus be omitted.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hohlen Achse, insbesondere zur schwenkbaren Lagerung von Ventilbetätigungshebeln zur Steuerung von Gaswechselventilen einer Brennkraftmaschine, bestehend aus einem Außenrohr, in dessen Innenraum zur Bildung zweier flüssigkeitsführender Kammern ein darin fixierter Rohrkörper angeordnet ist, wobei das Außenrohr und der Rohrkörper ineinandergeschoben und nach Anformung einer Angel durch Kaltziehen klangfest aufeinandergezogen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Einschieben des als profiliertes Innenrohr ausgebildeten Rohrkörpers dieser mit einem im Querschnitt gesehen nach innen gewölbtem Bereich, der abgerundet ohne Absatz in den kreisförmigen Bereich übergeht, versehen wird sowie das Außen- als auch das Innenrohr einer Wärmebehandlung mit einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre unterzogen werden und vor und/oder nach dem Kaltziehen eine Zugabe eines Lötmittels erfolgt, das durch eine abschließende Glühung zum Schmelzen gebracht wird.1.Method for producing a hollow axis, in particular for the pivotable mounting of valve actuation levers for controlling gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an outer tube, in the interior of which a tubular body fixed therein is arranged to form two liquid-carrying chambers, the outer tube and the tubular body being pushed into one another and after the formation of a hinge, they are pulled together soundproof by cold drawing, characterized in that before the tubular body, which is designed as a profiled inner tube, is inserted, it is provided with an area which is curved inward in cross section and which, rounded off without a shoulder, merges into the circular area, and the outer and also the inner tube are subjected to a heat treatment with a reducing atmosphere and a solder is added before and / or after the cold drawing, which is then melted by a final annealing.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Profiiierung des Innenrohres durch Kaltziehen oder Kaltwalzen erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Profiiierung of the inner tube is carried out by cold drawing or cold rolling.
3. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenoberfläche des Innenrohres vor dem Einschieben mit einem Element oder Legierung aus der Gruppe Kupfer, Silber, Gold überzogen wird.3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner tube is coated with an element or alloy from the group copper, silver, gold before insertion.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Kaltziehen das Profil des Innenrohres durch ein Innenwerkzeug abgestützt wird.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the profile of the inner tube is supported by an inner tool during cold drawing.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem abschließenden Glühen in die durch das profilierte Innenrohr entstandene kleinere Kammer ein Lötdraht eingelegt wird. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a solder wire is inserted before the final glow in the smaller chamber formed by the profiled inner tube.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Lötprozeß bestimmte Abschnitte der hohlen Achsen oder die gesamte hohle Achse einer Normalisierungsglühung unterworfen werden. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that certain portions of the hollow axes or the entire hollow axis are subjected to a normalization annealing after the soldering process.
EP95925736A 1994-08-08 1995-07-19 Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle Expired - Lifetime EP0775027B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4428875 1994-08-08
DE4428875A DE4428875C2 (en) 1994-08-08 1994-08-08 Hollow axis manufacturing method
PCT/DE1995/000986 WO1996005004A1 (en) 1994-08-08 1995-07-19 Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0775027A1 true EP0775027A1 (en) 1997-05-28
EP0775027B1 EP0775027B1 (en) 1999-04-14

Family

ID=6525716

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95925736A Expired - Lifetime EP0775027B1 (en) 1994-08-08 1995-07-19 Method of manufacturing a hollow spindle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5881946A (en)
EP (1) EP0775027B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3694026B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4428875C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1996005004A1 (en)

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GB2618552A (en) * 2022-05-10 2023-11-15 Cummins Inc Composite rocker shaft with integrated oil galleries

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10503714A (en) 1998-04-07
DE59505664D1 (en) 1999-05-20
DE4428875A1 (en) 1996-02-15
US5881946A (en) 1999-03-16
JP3694026B2 (en) 2005-09-14
DE4428875C2 (en) 1996-10-24
EP0775027B1 (en) 1999-04-14
WO1996005004A1 (en) 1996-02-22

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