EP0774100A1 - Hitzeschild für eine gasturbinen-brennkammer - Google Patents
Hitzeschild für eine gasturbinen-brennkammerInfo
- Publication number
- EP0774100A1 EP0774100A1 EP95926909A EP95926909A EP0774100A1 EP 0774100 A1 EP0774100 A1 EP 0774100A1 EP 95926909 A EP95926909 A EP 95926909A EP 95926909 A EP95926909 A EP 95926909A EP 0774100 A1 EP0774100 A1 EP 0774100A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat shield
- combustion chamber
- burner
- air
- vortex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05B2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/03042—Film cooled combustion chamber walls or domes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat shield for a combustion chamber, in particular for an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine, with a passage opening for a burner through which fuel and combustion air are swirled into the combustion chamber, the swirl axis being essentially perpendicular to the surface of the Is heat shield, the (cold) rear side facing away from the combustion chamber with cooling air.
- a heat shield for a combustion chamber in particular for an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine, with a passage opening for a burner through which fuel and combustion air are swirled into the combustion chamber, the swirl axis being essentially perpendicular to the surface of the Is heat shield, the (cold) rear side facing away from the combustion chamber with cooling air.
- the heat shield provided in the head of a combustion chamber serves, as is known, to protect the dome-shaped combustion chamber head region or the front plate provided therein from the action of the hot gas located in the combustion chamber and from excessive heat radiation.
- the heat shield itself must be cooled.
- conventional heat shields have so-called effusion holes in the surface facing the combustion chamber, through which cooling air can pass from the rear in order to place a film of cooling air on the hot surface of the heat shield.
- the object of the invention is to demonstrate further measures by means of which improved heat shield cooling can be achieved.
- the solution to this problem is characterized by a web running around the rear of the heat shield at the edge of the passage opening and having a multiplicity of air passage openings which are inclined in relation to the direction pointing into the center of the passage opening such that a through the air passage openings into an annular channel between the The heat shield and the air stream entering the burner and from there entering the combustion chamber form a vortex which is in the same direction as the vortex of the combustion air supplied via the burner.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial section through the head of a gas turbine annular combustion chamber according to the invention
- Fig. 3 is the supervision of the cold back of the
- Fig. 4 is a plan view of the hot surface facing the combustion chamber.
- Reference number 1 denotes the annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine, which has a dome-like end wall 2 on the head side and subsequently a front plate 3 which also functions as a supporting wall.
- this ring combustion chamber corresponds to the known prior art.
- a plurality of burners 4 protrude into the annular combustion chamber 1 in a circle, via which fuel and combustion air are introduced into the combustion chamber 1 in a swirled manner.
- the direction of the vortex of the combustion air introduced via the burner 4 is shown in FIGS. 3, 4 by arrows 5.
- a heat shield 6 is provided between the front plate 3 and the actual combustion chamber 1, which protects the so-called combustion chamber dome, ie the front plate 3 and the end wall 2, from the hot burner gases and from impermissibly high radiation effects.
- This heat shield is fastened to the front plate 3 by means of bolts 7 (cf. FIG. 2) and has a passage opening 8 for the burner 4.
- the burner 4 is surrounded by a sealing part 9, which in particular ensures that e ; """-eil the about the breakthrough " • ir - " « .- • .-. - Tu. an ' ⁇ rb.L ...' ..-. ⁇ l ⁇ -tt ü-ur the Bre.;:. fcr 4 flows into the combustion chamber 1.
- a portion of the air stream supplied via the opening 10 can pass the sealing part 9 via a row of holes 11 in the front plate 3 to the rear 6a of the heat shield 6 and thereby cool this heat shield 6.
- Part of the air stream acting on the rear side 6a of the heat shield 6 can get into the combustion chamber 1 via the gaps 12 between the edges of the heat shield 6 and the inner combustion chamber wall 13a or the outer combustion chamber wall 13b.
- the heat shield has a circumferential web 14 which projects from its rear side 6a to the rear, ie in the opposite direction to the combustion chamber 1.
- the individual dimensions are chosen so that an annular channel 15 results between the web 14 and the sealing part 9.
- Cooling air can flow into this annular duct 15 from the rear 6a of the heat shield 6 through air transfer openings 16, several of which are provided in the web 14. Since the free end of the circumferential web 14 bears against a clamped ring 23, which fixes the sealing part 9, cooling air can only get into the ring channel 15 through these air transfer openings 16.
- the air stream flowing into the annular duct 15 finally reaches the combustion chamber 1, but is intended to intensively cool the particularly highly stressed areas of the heat shield 6 on the way there.
- this air stream emerging from the annular duct 15 into the combustion chamber 1 should also lie as a cooling air film on the hot surface 6b of the heat shield 6 facing the combustion chamber 1, in particular in the edge region of the passage opening 8.
- a vortex is impressed on the air flow in the annular duct, which vortex is the same as the vortex of the combustion air supplied via the burner 8.
- the cooling air emerging from the annular duct 15 is thus intended to describe a vortex which has the same direction as the arrows 5 with which the vortex of the combustion air supplied via the burner 4 is shown.
- the vortex axes of these two air vortices are essentially perpendicular to the plane or surface 6b of the heat shield 6.
- the air transfer openings 16 are not to the center of the Passage opening 8 directed towards, but are - as shown in FIG. 3 - inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the direction pointing into the center 17 of the passage opening 8.
- the transition region between the web 14 and the hot surface 6a of the heat shield 6 is designed as a chamfer 18, but can also be rounded. This measure enables the cooling air flow flowing in via the annular duct 15 to apply itself as a cooling air film to the surface 6a of the heat shield 6 while maintaining its flow direction. This application of the cooling air flow as a cooling air film is particularly promoted by the fact that the swirl directions or vortex directions of the air flow conducted via the annular duct 15 and of the combustion air flow entering the combustion chamber 1 via the burner 4 match.
- the heat shield 6 is further provided with effusion holes 19 which lead from the rear 6a to the hot surface 6b and thus the passage of cooling air enable the heat shield 6.
- This cooling air passing through the effusion holes 19 should also be deposited as a cooling air film on the surface 6b.
- the central axes of the effusion holes 19 are inclined twice.
- the first inclination angle lies between the central axis of the effusion holes and a perpendicular to the surface 6b of the heat shield 6, which means that the central axes of the effusion holes 19 are inclined with respect to the surface 6b, so that the air flow emerging from an effusion hole 19 is at least partially sweeps over surface 6b.
- Another angle of inclination ⁇ occurs in a vertical projection onto the surface 6b, wherein in this projection the central axis 20 of each effusion hole is inclined to the tangent 21 to a pitch circle 22 placed around the center 17 of the passage opening 8 through the respective effusion hole 19.
- the cooling air film generated by these effusion holes 19 forms a vortex, which has both a speed component VR which is directed radially outward with respect to the center 17 and a speed component which runs tangentially to the pitch circle 22 VT has.
- the angle of inclination ⁇ is selected such that the tangential component VT is rectified with the vortex of the combustion air supplied via the burner 4, which is represented by the arrows 5. This rectification of the vortices ensures that a cooling air film optimally applied to the surface 6b can form.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4427222A DE4427222A1 (de) | 1994-08-01 | 1994-08-01 | Hitzeschild für eine Gasturbinen-Brennkammer |
DE4427222 | 1994-08-01 | ||
PCT/EP1995/002795 WO1996004510A1 (de) | 1994-08-01 | 1995-07-17 | Hitzeschild für eine gasturbinen-brennkammer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0774100A1 true EP0774100A1 (de) | 1997-05-21 |
EP0774100B1 EP0774100B1 (de) | 1998-09-16 |
Family
ID=6524660
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95926909A Expired - Lifetime EP0774100B1 (de) | 1994-08-01 | 1995-07-17 | Hitzeschild für eine gasturbinen-brennkammer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5956955A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0774100B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2196310C (de) |
DE (2) | DE4427222A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996004510A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (135)
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DE19515537A1 (de) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-31 | Bmw Rolls Royce Gmbh | Kopfteil einer Gasturbinen-Ringbrennkammer |
DE19643028A1 (de) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-04-23 | Bmw Rolls Royce Gmbh | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine mit einem ringförmigen Kopfabschnitt |
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US6401447B1 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-06-11 | Allison Advanced Development Company | Combustor apparatus for a gas turbine engine |
US6546733B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-04-15 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for cooling gas turbine engine combustors |
DE10214573A1 (de) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-16 | Rolls Royce Deutschland | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine mit Starterfilmkühlung |
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-
1994
- 1994-08-01 DE DE4427222A patent/DE4427222A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-07-17 WO PCT/EP1995/002795 patent/WO1996004510A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-17 US US08/776,615 patent/US5956955A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-17 EP EP95926909A patent/EP0774100B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-17 DE DE59503631T patent/DE59503631D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-17 CA CA002196310A patent/CA2196310C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9604510A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2196310C (en) | 2006-11-07 |
DE59503631D1 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
WO1996004510A1 (de) | 1996-02-15 |
US5956955A (en) | 1999-09-28 |
EP0774100B1 (de) | 1998-09-16 |
CA2196310A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
DE4427222A1 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
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