EP0773404A2 - Burner - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0773404A2
EP0773404A2 EP96116459A EP96116459A EP0773404A2 EP 0773404 A2 EP0773404 A2 EP 0773404A2 EP 96116459 A EP96116459 A EP 96116459A EP 96116459 A EP96116459 A EP 96116459A EP 0773404 A2 EP0773404 A2 EP 0773404A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
outlet openings
openings
mixing chamber
burner according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96116459A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0773404A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Klink
Maarten Johannes Botman
Willem Meijer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0773404A2 publication Critical patent/EP0773404A2/en
Publication of EP0773404A3 publication Critical patent/EP0773404A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/045—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with a plurality of burner bars assembled together, e.g. in a grid-like arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/10—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head
    • F23D14/105—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head with injector axis parallel to the burner head axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Such burners are known for example from DE-OS 21 32 968, these burners a large part of the air required for stoichiometric combustion, including primary air, is already provided with the fuel gas injection, so that the burner during the combustion process only to an extent of additional Secondary air is dependent.
  • a problem that generally occurs with burners is the fact that the incineration is subject to increasingly stringent requirements with regard to the emission of human and environmentally harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • these burners must be able to be used under widely changing conditions, since gas is essentially a natural product, the quality and composition of which vary depending on the place and time.
  • burners - especially for domestic use - must be controllable in a relatively large area so that they can meet the strongly fluctuating heat requirements.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a low-noise, inexpensive, easily controllable burner suitable for different types of gas, which also has low pollutant emission values.
  • the object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Due to this arrangement, resonance phenomena of the burner are prevented and thus low-noise operation is guaranteed. Furthermore, a stable, fan-shaped flame is generated with a relatively large area, so that the average flame temperature remains relatively low and the pollutant emission is accordingly low.
  • a burner 1 (FIG. 1) consists of a series of mixing chambers 2 arranged in parallel, each consisting of a predominantly U-shaped underside 3, a common rear side 4 and a common front side 5.
  • In the front 5 there are a number of openings 6 through which mixing tubes 7 protrude into the respective mixing chambers 2.
  • Each mixing tube 7 is provided with a streamlined, converging inlet opening 8 and with a diverging diffuser 9, the outlet 10 of the diffuser 9 opening into the mixing chamber 2.
  • the burner 1 is further provided with a series of nozzles 11 which are connected to a central gas supply line 13 via a connecting line 12.
  • the output of the burner 1 can be regulated via a valve 27 arranged in the central gas supply line 13.
  • the gas is supplied to the inlet openings 8 through the nozzles 11, the latter being located at a short distance in front of the respective inlet openings 8. Due to the force of the gas supply, a pressure drop is limited, so that the ambient air is sucked into the inlet opening 8 with the gas. In this way, the mixing chamber 2 a gas-air mixture supplied.
  • the speed at which the gas emerges from the nozzles 11, on the one hand, and the shape and size of the mixing tube 7, on the other hand, are matched to one another in such a way that gas and air are sucked in in an almost stoichiometric - that is, suitable for complete combustion - mixture ratio.
  • Each mixing chamber 2 is closed at the top by a burner head 14, which is roof-shaped and is composed of two obliquely inclined partial surfaces 15, 16, which are connected to each other by a third surface designed as a roof gable 30.
  • a burner head 14 In each burner head 14 there are slot-shaped outlet openings 17, hereinafter called slot openings, which all run almost parallel to one another and are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber 2.
  • the slot openings 17 are each arranged in pairs (18), the space 21 between two pair openings (18) arranged in pairs corresponding to approximately 2 to 5 times their width.
  • the slot openings 17 are approximately 1 mm wide, while the space 21 between two slot openings 17 arranged in pairs (18) is approximately 2 to 5 mm. In this space, the two slot openings 17, which are arranged in pairs (18), equalize, that is to say that the vortices which are caused between the two slot openings 17 by the fuel gas / air mixture emerging from a slot opening 17 ignite the fuel gas / air mixture the other slot opening 17 exits, and vice versa.
  • the partial surface 15 of the burner head 14 there are two more slot openings 17 arranged in pairs (18) than on the partial surface 16 of the burner head 14.
  • the slot openings 17 extend from the edges 19 of the burner head 14 into the roof gable 30.
  • the ends 24 of the slot openings 17 arranged in pairs (18) converge. Thereby the flame is prevented from extinguishing as a result of excessive cooling, since the space at the ends 24 is smaller and thus a greater heat intensity is achieved, which in turn has a stabilizing effect on the flame.
  • the flame stabilizing means can also be designed differently. For example, it would be possible to allow the slot openings 17 to run parallel over their entire length and to provide one or more secondary outlet openings 25 at their ends 24 (FIG. 2).
  • These secondary outlet openings 25 have a greater flow resistance than the slit openings 17, so that a relatively low exit velocity of the fuel gas / air mixture occurs even when the burner 1 is subjected to a relatively high load. This prevents the flame from "lifting off” at the cool ends 24, since in this case the combustion speed of the flame would be lower than the exit speed of the fuel gas / air mixture.
  • flame stabilization means 26 are provided in the vicinity of the roof gable 30 in the area between two pairs 18 of slot openings 17 on the partial surface 15, 16 of the burner head opposite the slot openings 17.
  • outlet openings 26 stabilize the flame when the mixing chamber 2 and the burner head 14 are still relatively cool, for example when the burner 1 is ignited again for the first time after it has been out of operation for a long time. Since the flame stabilization means 26 ensure that the burner 1 burns stably again even after a long period of inactivity, this version is suitable for burners in which the output is controlled by switching one or more burner elements formed by the mixing chambers 2 on or off .
  • the burner 1 can be equipped with gas nozzles (not shown), each of which has its own gas supply line. On In this way, one, two or three mixing chambers 2 can be supplied with a gas-air mixture independently of one another, as required. Furthermore, there are 30 additional additional outlet openings 28 in the roof gable, which facilitate the ignition of the fuel gas / air mixture.
  • the paired (18) arrangement of the slot openings 17 results in a fan-shaped flame 23 when the burner 1 is subjected to high loads.
  • the fan shape of the flame 23 creates a relatively large combustion area, so that the specific heat, that is to say the heat of combustion per unit of combustion area and thus the NOx emission are relatively low.
  • the flames 23 practically sink to the burner head 14, arcs of flame forming (FIG. 4), which, however, also have a relatively large combustion area in comparison to other flame shapes, so that low emission values are also achieved in this case .
  • burners in which the outlet openings 17 are arranged as described above are suitable for the combustion of different types of gas with, at the same time, relatively low emission values. In addition, such burners can be easily controlled, while the manufacturing costs are low.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The gas burner (1) has a mixing chamber (2) for the combustion gas and the air and a burner head (14) provided with at least two rows of outlet openings (17). The openings in each row extend parallel to one another. The openings in the adjacent rows are offset from one another in the transverse direction of the mixer chamber for preventing resonance effects. Each opening extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Derartige Brenner sind beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 21 32 968 bekannt, wobei diesen Brennern ein Großteil der für eine stöchiometrische Verbrennung benötigten Luft, auch Primärluft, bereits mit der Brenngaseindüsung zur Verfügung gestellt wird, so daß der Brenner beim Verbrennungsvorgang nur in Maßen von zusätzlicher Sekundärluft abhängig ist. Ein Problem, das generell bei Brennern auftritt, ist die Tatsache, daß die stattfindende Verbrennung immer strengeren Auflagen in Bezug auf die Emission human- und umweltschädlicher Stoffe wie Stickoxide (NOx), Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und Kohlendioxid (CO2) unterliegt. Außerdem müssen diese Brenner unter stark wechselnden Bedingungen eingesetzt werden können, da Gas im wesentlichen ein Naturprodukt ist, dessen Qualität und Zusammensetzung je nach Ort und Zeit unterschiedlich ist. Ferner müssen Brenner - insbesondere für den Hausgebrauch in einem verhältnismäßig großen Bereich regelbar sein, damit sie dem stark schwankenden Wärmebedarf gerecht werden können.The invention relates to a burner according to the preamble of the main claim. Such burners are known for example from DE-OS 21 32 968, these burners a large part of the air required for stoichiometric combustion, including primary air, is already provided with the fuel gas injection, so that the burner during the combustion process only to an extent of additional Secondary air is dependent. A problem that generally occurs with burners is the fact that the incineration is subject to increasingly stringent requirements with regard to the emission of human and environmentally harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). In addition, these burners must be able to be used under widely changing conditions, since gas is essentially a natural product, the quality and composition of which vary depending on the place and time. Furthermore, burners - especially for domestic use - must be controllable in a relatively large area so that they can meet the strongly fluctuating heat requirements.

Es ist bekannt, daß sich die Emission von Stickoxiden (NOx) durch eine Senkung der Flammentemperatur reduzieren läßt. Aus diesem Grunde sind für Brenner verschiedene Verfahren zur "Abkühlung" der Flammen entwickelt worden. Bekannte Beispiele dafür sind Brenner mit Wasserkühlung sowie Brenner, bei denen in geringer Entfernung über den Auslaßöffnungen ein wärmeabsorbierendes Element, beispielsweise als Metall- oder Keramikstäbe ausgebildet, angebracht ist. Obwohl diese Lösungen den praktischen Anforderungen in ausreichendem Maße gerecht werden, führen sie zu einer verhältnismäßig komplizierten Brennerkonstruktion, die wiederum mit einer erheblichen Zunahme der Herstellungskosten einhergeht.It is known that the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) can be reduced by lowering the flame temperature. For this reason, various methods for "cooling" the flames have been developed for burners. Known examples of this are burners with water cooling and burners in which a heat-absorbing element, for example in the form of metal or ceramic rods, is attached at a short distance above the outlet openings. Although these solutions adequately meet practical requirements, they result in a relatively complicated burner design, which in turn results in a significant increase in manufacturing costs.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Herstellung eines geräuscharm arbeitenden, kostengünstigen, leicht regelbaren und für unterschiedliche Gassorten geeigneten Brenners, der darüberhinaus niedrige Schadstoffemissionswerte aufweist. In der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Aufgrund dieser Anordnung werden Resonanzerscheinungen des Brenners verhindert und damit ein geräuscharmer Betrieb gewährleistet. Weiterhin wird eine stabile, fächerförmige Flamme mit einer verhältnismäßig großen Fläche erzeugt, so daß die durchschnittliche Flammentemperatur verhältnismäßig niedrig bleibt und die Schadstoffemission somit entsprechend gering ist.The object of the invention is to produce a low-noise, inexpensive, easily controllable burner suitable for different types of gas, which also has low pollutant emission values. In the invention, the object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Due to this arrangement, resonance phenomena of the burner are prevented and thus low-noise operation is guaranteed. Furthermore, a stable, fan-shaped flame is generated with a relatively large area, so that the average flame temperature remains relatively low and the pollutant emission is accordingly low.

Die Vorzugsausführungen des Brenners entsprechend der Erfindung bilden den Gegenstand der Unteransprüche 2 bis 11.The preferred designs of the burner according to the invention form the subject matter of subclaims 2 to 11.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand zweier Beispiele erläutert, wobei auf folgende Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnung verwiesen wird, in der entsprechende Teile identische Nummern tragen und in der:

  • Figur 1 eine teilweise unterbrochene Perspektivzeichnung der ersten Ausführung des Brenners ist;
  • Figur 2 eine Perspektivzeichnung eines Details der zweiten Ausführung des Brenners ist;
  • Figur 3 eine schematische Wiedergabe des Flammenbildes bei hoher Belastung des Brenners ist; und
  • Figur 4 eine der Figur 3 entsprechende Wiedergabe bei niedriger Belastung des Brenners ist.
The invention is explained in the following with the aid of two examples, the following being the accompanying figure Reference is made to the drawing in which the corresponding parts have identical numbers and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a partially broken perspective drawing of the first embodiment of the burner;
  • Figure 2 is a perspective drawing of a detail of the second embodiment of the burner;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the flame image at high burner load; and
  • Figure 4 is a representation corresponding to Figure 3 at low burner load.

Ein Brenner 1 (Figur 1) besteht aus einer Reihe parallel angeordneter Mischkammern 2, die jeweils aus einer vorwiegend U-förmigen Unterseite 3, einer gemeinsamen Rückseite 4 und einer gemeinsamen Vorderseite 5 bestehen. In der Vorderseite 5 befinden sich eine Reihe von Öffnungen 6, durch die Mischrohre 7 in die jeweiligen Mischkammern 2 hineinragen. Jedes Mischrohr 7 ist mit einer stromlinienförmigen, konvergierenden Einlaßöffnung 8 sowie mit einem divergierenden Diffusor 9 versehen, wobei der Auslaß 10 des Diffusors 9 in die Mischkammer 2 mündet. Der Brenner 1 ist weiterhin mit einer Reihe von Düsen 11 versehen, die über eine Verbindungsleitung 12 an eine zentrale Gaszufuhrleitung 13 angeschlossen sind. Die Leistung des Brenners 1 kann über ein in der zentralen Gaszufuhrleitung 13 angeordnetes Ventil 27 geregelt werden. Das Gas wird den Einlaßöffnungen 8 durch die Düsen 11 zugeführt, wobei letztgenannte sich in geringer Entfernung vor den jeweiligen Einlaßöffnungen 8 befinden. Durch die Wucht der Gaszufuhr entsteht begrenzt ein Druckgefälle, so daß die Umgebungsluft mit dem Gas in die Einlaßöffnung 8 hineingesaugt wird. Auf diese Weise wird der Mischkammer 2 ein Gas- Luftgemisch zugeführt. Die Geschwindigkeit mit der das Gas aus den Düsen 11 austritt einerseits, und die Form und Größe des Mischrohres 7 andererseits, sind derart aufeinander abgestimmt, daß Gas und Luft in einem nahezu stöchiometrischen - das heißt für vollständige Verbrennung geeigneten - Mischungsverhältnis angesaugt werden.A burner 1 (FIG. 1) consists of a series of mixing chambers 2 arranged in parallel, each consisting of a predominantly U-shaped underside 3, a common rear side 4 and a common front side 5. In the front 5 there are a number of openings 6 through which mixing tubes 7 protrude into the respective mixing chambers 2. Each mixing tube 7 is provided with a streamlined, converging inlet opening 8 and with a diverging diffuser 9, the outlet 10 of the diffuser 9 opening into the mixing chamber 2. The burner 1 is further provided with a series of nozzles 11 which are connected to a central gas supply line 13 via a connecting line 12. The output of the burner 1 can be regulated via a valve 27 arranged in the central gas supply line 13. The gas is supplied to the inlet openings 8 through the nozzles 11, the latter being located at a short distance in front of the respective inlet openings 8. Due to the force of the gas supply, a pressure drop is limited, so that the ambient air is sucked into the inlet opening 8 with the gas. In this way, the mixing chamber 2 a gas-air mixture supplied. The speed at which the gas emerges from the nozzles 11, on the one hand, and the shape and size of the mixing tube 7, on the other hand, are matched to one another in such a way that gas and air are sucked in in an almost stoichiometric - that is, suitable for complete combustion - mixture ratio.

Jede Mischkammer 2 ist an der Oberseite durch einen Brennerkopf 14 abgeschlossen der dachförmig ausgebildet ist und sich aus jeweils zwei schräg zueinander geneigten Teilflächen 15, 16 zusammensetzt, die durch eine als Dachgiebel 30 ausgebildete dritte Fläche miteinander verbunden sind. In jedem Brennerkopf 14 befinden sich schlitzförmige Auslaßöffnungen 17, im folgenden Schlitzöffnungen genannt, die alle nahezu parallel zueinander verlaufen und senkrecht auf der Längsrichtung der Mischkammer 2 stehen. Die Schlitzöffnungen 17 sind jeweils paarweise (18) angeordnet, wobei der Zwischenraum 21 zwischen zwei paarweise (18) angeordneten Schlitzöffnungen 17 ungefähr dem 2 bis 5-fachen ihrer Breite entspricht.Each mixing chamber 2 is closed at the top by a burner head 14, which is roof-shaped and is composed of two obliquely inclined partial surfaces 15, 16, which are connected to each other by a third surface designed as a roof gable 30. In each burner head 14 there are slot-shaped outlet openings 17, hereinafter called slot openings, which all run almost parallel to one another and are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber 2. The slot openings 17 are each arranged in pairs (18), the space 21 between two pair openings (18) arranged in pairs corresponding to approximately 2 to 5 times their width.

Da es sich um einen Brenner mit Vormischung handelt und das Volumen des durch die Mischkammer 2 strömenden Gas-Luftgemisches somit verhältnismäßig groß ist, muß der Strömungswiderstand der Schlitzöffnungen 17 möglichst gering sein. Dazu sind die Schlitzöffnungen 17 ungefähr 1 mm breit, während der Zwischenraum 21 zwischen zwei jeweils paarweise (18) angeordneten Schlitzöffnungen 17 etwa 2 bis 5 mm beträgt. Bei diesem Zwischenraum gleichen sich die beiden jeweils paarweise (18) angeordneten Schlitzöffnungen 17 aus, das heißt, daß die Wirbel, die zwischen beiden Schlitzöffnungen 17 durch das aus einer Schlitzöffnung 17 austretende Brenngas- Luftgemisch verursacht werden, das Brenngas-Luftgemisch zünden, daß aus der anderen Schlitzöffnung 17 austritt, und umgekehrt.Since it is a burner with premixing and the volume of the gas-air mixture flowing through the mixing chamber 2 is therefore relatively large, the flow resistance of the slot openings 17 must be as low as possible. For this purpose, the slot openings 17 are approximately 1 mm wide, while the space 21 between two slot openings 17 arranged in pairs (18) is approximately 2 to 5 mm. In this space, the two slot openings 17, which are arranged in pairs (18), equalize, that is to say that the vortices which are caused between the two slot openings 17 by the fuel gas / air mixture emerging from a slot opening 17 ignite the fuel gas / air mixture the other slot opening 17 exits, and vice versa.

Durch die dachförmige Konstruktion des Brennerkopfes 14 wird Sekundärluft, die durch Zwischenräume 20 zwischen den Mischkammern 2 strömt, von diesen Zwischenräumen 20 in die Flammen gesaugt. Dadurch erfolgt die Verbrennung bei Luftüberschuß, was zu einer weiteren Abkühlung der Flamme und zu einer weiteren Reduzierung der Schadstoffemission führt.Due to the roof-shaped construction of the burner head 14, secondary air which flows through spaces 20 between the mixing chambers 2 is sucked into the flames by these spaces 20. As a result, combustion takes place when there is excess air, which leads to a further cooling of the flame and a further reduction in pollutant emissions.

Da die paarweise (18) ausgebildeten und in Längsrichtung der Mischkammer 2 in zwei Reihen 32, 34 verlaufenden Schlitzöffnungen 17 in Querrichtung der Mischkammer 2 paarweise zueinander versetzt sind, wird beim Betrieb des Brenners 1 ein geringer Schallpegel erzielt. Außerdem befinden sich auf der Teilfläche 15 des Brennerkopfes 14 zwei paarweise (18) angeordnete Schlitzöffnungen 17 mehr, als auf der Teilfläche 16 des Brennerkopfes 14. Dadurch werden die beiden Teilflächen 15, 16 des Brennerkopfes 14 thermisch unterschiedlich belastet, was zu einer weiteren Schwingungs- und Resonanzdämpfung führt. Die Schlitzöffnungen 17 erstrecken sich von den Rändern 19 des Brennerkopfes 14 bis in den Dachgiebel 30. Dadurch überlappen sich - in Längsrichtung der Mischkammer 2 gesehen- benachbarte Paare 18 von Schlitzöffnungen 17 von den Teilflächen 15, 16 im Dachgiebel 30, so daß es möglich wird, den Brenner 1 von einer Teilfläche 15, 16 des Brennerkopfes 14 aus zu zünden, wobei sich die Flamme allmählich über den Dachgiebel 30 ausbreitet, bis die Flammen den gesamten Brennerkopf 14 überlagern.Since the slot openings 17, which are formed in pairs (18) and run in the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber 2 in two rows 32, 34, are offset in pairs in the transverse direction of the mixing chamber 2, a low sound level is achieved during operation of the burner 1. In addition, on the partial surface 15 of the burner head 14 there are two more slot openings 17 arranged in pairs (18) than on the partial surface 16 of the burner head 14. As a result, the two partial surfaces 15, 16 of the burner head 14 are subjected to different thermal loads, which leads to a further vibration and resonance damping. The slot openings 17 extend from the edges 19 of the burner head 14 into the roof gable 30. This overlaps - seen in the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber 2 - adjacent pairs 18 of slot openings 17 from the partial surfaces 15, 16 in the roof gable 30, so that it becomes possible to ignite the burner 1 from a partial surface 15, 16 of the burner head 14, the flame gradually spreading over the roof gable 30 until the flames overlap the entire burner head 14.

Zur Stabilisierung der Flammen bzw. der Verbrennung entlang den Rändern 19 des Brennerkopfes 14, wo die Temperatur in der Regel niedriger ist als am Dachgiebel 30 des Brennerkopfes 14 laufen die Enden 24 der paarweise (18) angeordneten Schlitzöffnungen 17 aufeinander zu. Dadurch wird ein Erlöschen der Flamme infolge einer zu großen Abkühlung verhindert, da der Zwischenraum an den Enden 24 kleiner ist und somit eine größere Wärmeintensität erzielt ist, die wiederum eine Stabilisierung der Flamme zufolge hat. Die Flammenstabilisierungsmittel können aber auch anders ausgebildet sein. So wäre es beispielsweise möglich, die Schlitzöffnungen 17 über ihre gesamte Länge parallel verlaufen zu lassen und an ihren Enden 24 eine oder mehrere sekundäre Auslaßöffnungen 25 anzubringen (Figur 2). Diese sekundären Auslaßöffnungen 25 weisen einen größeren Strömungswiderstand auf, als die Schlitzöffnungen 17, so daß auch bei verhältnismäßig hoher Belastung des Brenners 1 eine verhältnismäßig geringe Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Brenngas- Luftgemisches auftritt. Damit wird verhindert, daß die Flamme an den kühlen Enden 24 "abhebt", da in diesem Fall die Verbrennungsgeschwindigkeit der Flamme niedriger wäre als die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Brenngas-Luftgemisches. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 sind in der Nähe des Dachgiebels 30 im Bereich zwischen zwei Paaren 18 von Schlitzöffnungen 17 auf der den Schlitzöffnungen 17 jeweils gegenüberliegenden Teilfläche 15, 16 des Brennerkopfes 14 Flammenstabilisierungsmittel 26 vorgesehen. Diese Austrittsöffnungen 26 stabilisieren die Flamme, wenn die Mischkammer 2 und der Brennerkopf 14 noch verhältnismäßig kühl sind, beispielsweise dann, wenn der Brenner 1 erstmals wieder gezündet wird, nachdem er längere Zeit außer Betrieb gewesen ist. Da die Flammenstabilisierungsmittel 26 gewährleisten, daß der Brenner 1 auch nach einer längeren Stillstandszeit sofort wieder stabil brennt, eignet sich diese Ausführung für Brenner, bei denen die Leistung dadurch geregelt wird, daß ein oder mehrere von den Mischkammern 2 gebildete Brennerelemente ab- oder zugeschaltet werden. Dazu kann der Brenner 1 mit (nicht gezeigten) Gasdüsen ausgestattet sein, die über eine jeweils eigene Gaszufuhrleitung verfügen. Auf diese Weise können je nach Bedarf eine, zwei oder drei Mischkammern 2 voneinander unabhängig mit einem Gas-Luftgemisch versorgt werden. Desweiteren befinden sich im Dachgiebel 30 weitere zusätzliche Auslaßöffnungen 28, die das Zünden des Brenngas- Lufgemisches erleichtern.To stabilize the flames or the combustion along the edges 19 of the burner head 14, where the temperature is generally lower than at the roof gable 30 of the burner head 14, the ends 24 of the slot openings 17 arranged in pairs (18) converge. Thereby the flame is prevented from extinguishing as a result of excessive cooling, since the space at the ends 24 is smaller and thus a greater heat intensity is achieved, which in turn has a stabilizing effect on the flame. The flame stabilizing means can also be designed differently. For example, it would be possible to allow the slot openings 17 to run parallel over their entire length and to provide one or more secondary outlet openings 25 at their ends 24 (FIG. 2). These secondary outlet openings 25 have a greater flow resistance than the slit openings 17, so that a relatively low exit velocity of the fuel gas / air mixture occurs even when the burner 1 is subjected to a relatively high load. This prevents the flame from "lifting off" at the cool ends 24, since in this case the combustion speed of the flame would be lower than the exit speed of the fuel gas / air mixture. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, flame stabilization means 26 are provided in the vicinity of the roof gable 30 in the area between two pairs 18 of slot openings 17 on the partial surface 15, 16 of the burner head opposite the slot openings 17. These outlet openings 26 stabilize the flame when the mixing chamber 2 and the burner head 14 are still relatively cool, for example when the burner 1 is ignited again for the first time after it has been out of operation for a long time. Since the flame stabilization means 26 ensure that the burner 1 burns stably again even after a long period of inactivity, this version is suitable for burners in which the output is controlled by switching one or more burner elements formed by the mixing chambers 2 on or off . For this purpose, the burner 1 can be equipped with gas nozzles (not shown), each of which has its own gas supply line. On In this way, one, two or three mixing chambers 2 can be supplied with a gas-air mixture independently of one another, as required. Furthermore, there are 30 additional additional outlet openings 28 in the roof gable, which facilitate the ignition of the fuel gas / air mixture.

Wie aus Figur 3 hervorgeht, entsteht durch die paarweise (18) Anordnung der Schlitzöffnungen 17 bei hoher Belastung des Brenners 1 eine fächerförmige Flamme 23. Durch die Fächerform der Flamme 23 entsteht eine verhältnismäßig große Verbrennungsfläche, so daß die spezifische Wärme, das heißt die Verbrennungswärme je Verbrennungsflächeneinheit und somit die NOx Emission verhältnismäßig gering sind. Bei niedrigerer Belastung des Brenners 1 sinken die Flammen 23 quasi auf den Brennerkopf 14 ab, wobei sich Flammenbögen bilden (Figur 4), die jedoch im Vergleich zu anderen Flammenformen ebenfalls eine verhältnismäßig große Verbrennungsfläche besitzen, so daß auch in diesem Fall niedrige Emissionswerte erreicht werden. Versuche haben ergeben, daß Brenner, bei denen die Auslaßöffnungen 17 wie oben beschrieben angeordnet sind, sich für die Verbrennung unterschiedlicher Gassorten bei gleichzeitig verhältnismäßig geringen Emissionswerten eignen. Außerdem lassen sich derartige Brenner leicht regeln, während die Herstellungskosten gering sind.As can be seen from FIG. 3, the paired (18) arrangement of the slot openings 17 results in a fan-shaped flame 23 when the burner 1 is subjected to high loads. The fan shape of the flame 23 creates a relatively large combustion area, so that the specific heat, that is to say the heat of combustion per unit of combustion area and thus the NOx emission are relatively low. When the burner 1 is subjected to a lower load, the flames 23 practically sink to the burner head 14, arcs of flame forming (FIG. 4), which, however, also have a relatively large combustion area in comparison to other flame shapes, so that low emission values are also achieved in this case . Experiments have shown that burners in which the outlet openings 17 are arranged as described above are suitable for the combustion of different types of gas with, at the same time, relatively low emission values. In addition, such burners can be easily controlled, while the manufacturing costs are low.

Claims (11)

Brenner mit mindestens einer Mischkammer für das Brenngas- Luft-Gemisch und mit einem mit Auslaßöffnungen versehenen Brennerkopf, wobei die Auslaßöffnungen in einer Reihe vorzugsweise parallel verlaufend angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Brennerkopf (14) mindestens zwei Reihen (32, 34) von Auslaßöffnungen (17) vorgesehen sind, welche in benachbarten Reihen (32, 34) in Querrichtung der Mischkammer (2) versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.Burner with at least one mixing chamber for the fuel gas-air mixture and with a burner head provided with outlet openings, the outlet openings being arranged in a row preferably running parallel, characterized in that in the burner head (14) at least two rows (32, 34) of Outlet openings (17) are provided which are arranged offset from one another in adjacent rows (32, 34) in the transverse direction of the mixing chamber (2). Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Reihe (32, 34) angeordneten Auslaßöffnungen (17) senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Mischkammer (2) stehen.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet openings (17) arranged in row (32, 34) are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber (2). Brenner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslaßöffnungen (17) benachbarter Reihen (32, 34) in Querrichtung der Mischkammer (2) paarweise versetzt sind.Burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outlet openings (17) of adjacent rows (32, 34) are offset in pairs in the transverse direction of the mixing chamber (2). Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer Reihe (32) mehr Auslaßöffnungen (17) angeordnet sind als in der benachbarten Reihe (34), und umgekehrt.Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that more outlet openings (17) are arranged in one row (32) than in the adjacent row (34), and vice versa. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Auslaßöffnungen (17) benachbarter Reihen (32, 34) in Längsrichtung der Mischkammer (2) teilweise überlappen.Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (17) of adjacent rows (32, 34) partially overlap in the longitudinal direction of the mixing chamber (2). Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in den Reihen (32, 34) angeordneten Auslaßöffnungen (17) paarweise (18) ausgebildet sind.Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (17) arranged in the rows (32, 34) are constructed in pairs (18). Brenner nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Auslaßöffnungen (17) dem 2- bis 5-fachen ihrer Breite entspricht, während der Raum zwischen benachbarten, in einer Reihe (32, 34) und paarweise (18) angeordneten Schlitzöffnungen (17) größer ist als der vorerwähnte Zwischenraum.Burner according to claim 6, characterized in that the space between two outlet openings (17) corresponds to 2 to 5 times their width, while the space between adjacent slot openings (in a row (32, 34) and in pairs (18)) 17) is larger than the above-mentioned space. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennerkopf (14) dachförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei zwei Teilflächen (15, 16) des Brennerkopfes (14) durch eine als Dachgiebel (30) ausgebildete dritte Fläche in Verbindung stehen.Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner head (14) is roof-shaped, two partial surfaces (15, 16) of the burner head (14) being connected by a third surface designed as a roof gable (30). Brenner nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Auslaßöffnungen (17) von einem der Ränder (19) des Brennerkopfes (14) bis in den Dachgiebel (30) des Brennerkopfes (14) erstrecken.Burner according to claim 8, characterized in that the outlet openings (17) extend from one of the edges (19) of the burner head (14) into the roof gable (30) of the burner head (14). Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslaßöffnungen als Schlitzöffnungen (17) ausgebildet sind.Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings are designed as slot openings (17). Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß entlang den Rändern (19) des Brennerkopfes (14) Mittel (24, 25) zur Stabilisierung der erzeugten Flamme angeordnet sind.Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means (24, 25) for stabilizing the flame generated are arranged along the edges (19) of the burner head (14).
EP96116459A 1995-11-09 1996-10-15 Burner Withdrawn EP0773404A3 (en)

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DE19541801 1995-11-09
DE1995141801 DE19541801A1 (en) 1995-11-09 1995-11-09 burner

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Cited By (7)

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FR2777978A1 (en) * 1998-04-28 1999-10-29 Sdecc FLAME OUTPUT RAMP FOR ATMOSPHERIC GAS AND PREMIX BURNER
WO2005059437A1 (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-30 Worgas -Bruciatori - S.R.L. Bladed burner with mutual ignition means
WO2006082169A1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Flare stack
WO2008081271A2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Worgas - Bruciatori - S.R.L. Burner with diffuser resistant to high operating temperatures
WO2014006103A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 Giannoni France Surface-combustion gas burner
WO2015196504A1 (en) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 Pre-mix gas burner
WO2018165821A1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-20 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 Flame crossing combustion device capable of improving flare treatment capability

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BE709592A (en) * 1968-01-18 1968-05-30
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FR2319080A1 (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-02-18 Remeha Fabrieken Bv ATMOSPHERIC GAS BURNER
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2777978A1 (en) * 1998-04-28 1999-10-29 Sdecc FLAME OUTPUT RAMP FOR ATMOSPHERIC GAS AND PREMIX BURNER
EP0953804A1 (en) * 1998-04-28 1999-11-03 SAUNIER DUVAL EAU CHAUDE CHAUFFAGE S.D.E.C.C. - Société anonyme Flamestrip for atmospheric and premixing gas burner
US6123543A (en) * 1998-04-28 2000-09-26 Sauniter Duval Eau Chaude Chauffage Sdecc Flame outlet rail for gas burner of the atmospheric, pre-mix type
WO2005059437A1 (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-30 Worgas -Bruciatori - S.R.L. Bladed burner with mutual ignition means
WO2006082169A1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Flare stack
WO2008081271A2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-07-10 Worgas - Bruciatori - S.R.L. Burner with diffuser resistant to high operating temperatures
WO2008081271A3 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-08-28 Worgas Bruciatori Srl Burner with diffuser resistant to high operating temperatures
WO2014006103A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 Giannoni France Surface-combustion gas burner
RU2613105C2 (en) * 2012-07-05 2017-03-15 Сермета Surface combustion gas burner
US9885476B2 (en) 2012-07-05 2018-02-06 Sermeta Surface combustion gas burner
WO2015196504A1 (en) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 Pre-mix gas burner
WO2018165821A1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-20 深圳智慧能源技术有限公司 Flame crossing combustion device capable of improving flare treatment capability

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