EP0771939A1 - Silencer with variable damping characteristics - Google Patents

Silencer with variable damping characteristics Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0771939A1
EP0771939A1 EP96116731A EP96116731A EP0771939A1 EP 0771939 A1 EP0771939 A1 EP 0771939A1 EP 96116731 A EP96116731 A EP 96116731A EP 96116731 A EP96116731 A EP 96116731A EP 0771939 A1 EP0771939 A1 EP 0771939A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
piston rod
membrane
valve
silencer according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96116731A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0771939B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Olszok
Frieder Kunz
Bernd Fuhrman
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Tenneco GmbH
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Heinrich Gillet GmbH
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Publication of EP0771939A1 publication Critical patent/EP0771939A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
    • F01N1/166—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts for changing gas flow path through the silencer or for adjusting the dimensions of a chamber or a pipe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to silencers with variable damping characteristics for pulsating gases according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a muffler is known from DE-U 94 05 771.
  • This muffler uses a valve plate for opening and closing a tube carrying the pulsating exhaust gases, which valve plate is fastened to a piston rod which carries out a linear movement.
  • the piston rod itself is attached to the membrane of a pressure cell.
  • the pressure in the interior of the muffler is supplied to the overpressure side of the membrane, preferably via a pressure line integrated in the piston rod.
  • a compression spring supports the membrane against excess pressure.
  • the low pressure side of the membrane communicates with the atmosphere via a housing opening.
  • This arrangement is chosen so that the valve plate closes the gas-carrying pipe in the idle state.
  • the idle state corresponds to a slight excess pressure in the silencer compared to atmospheric pressure. If the internal pressure in the muffler rises due to an increase in the gas flow, the force generated by the excess pressure moves the diaphragm against the sum of the forces of the support spring and atmospheric pressure and the valve disk releases the previously closed exhaust pipe.
  • each silencer has a very specific flow resistance due to the structural conditions, from which the individual threshold value of the overpressure at which the valve disk begins to move must result, the support springs must be adapted in each case. This is complex. Furthermore, it has been shown that in special cases, for example if the gas-carrying pipe is not to be opened when the pressure threshold value is exceeded, but rather to be closed, malfunctions can occur in practice if the muffler is used in a motor vehicle whose engine control in overrun mode is both Shuts off fuel as well as the air supply.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve a silencer of the type mentioned in such a way that a large number of influencing variables can be taken into account, but the simple basic principle, in particular the absence of an external control unit, and the use of a simple, reliable mechanical system, remain.
  • the solution according to the invention provides an actuating box for actuating the closing element on the piston rod, said actuating box having several membranes, several chambers and several pressure connections.
  • the number of chambers and thus the control pressures that can be taken into account can be as large as desired, although in practice a limitation is inevitable in that the maximum stroke that a diaphragm can carry out is mechanically limited.
  • the main advantage of the present invention is based on the fact that the overpressure side of one, preferably the first membrane, the total pressure, the low pressure side of this membrane, the static pressure of the silencer is supplied. This compensates for the different flow resistances of the different types of silencers and any silencers and the support spring only needs to be matched to the flow rate at which the valve closing element is to open or close the gas-carrying pipe.
  • the present invention also offers the possibility of connecting a chamber of the actuating box to the atmosphere via a housing bore.
  • the air pressure decreasing with increasing height above sea level can be included in the control of the valve closing element.
  • the effect of a certain pressure value on the opening and closing characteristics of the valve closing element can be varied by changing the corresponding membrane area.
  • valve closing element can also achieve different effects with regard to the acoustic properties and the gas flow inside the silencer.
  • the valve closing element is a plate, as is known from DE-U 94 05 771 mentioned at the beginning, with the aid of which the end of a gas-carrying pipe can be closed.
  • two such valve plates can also be attached to the piston rod. These can have different diameters and / or different orientations. In the latter case, they offer the possibility of closing or releasing a first gas-carrying pipe in the idle state and a second gas-carrying pipe in the active state.
  • valve closing element is a hollow cylinder which is moved in the exhaust-gas-carrying pipe in order to close or release perforated pipe areas or branching pipes, for example the neck of a Helmholtz resonator.
  • a third alternative embodiment also uses a cylinder, but with the bottom closed, so that the gas flow through the tube in which the cylinder is moved can also be shut off as a whole.
  • Fig. 1 shows a silencer with switchable damping characteristics according to the prior art.
  • the silencer has a housing 2, the interior of which is divided into three chambers by means of two partition walls 22, 24.
  • An exhaust gas supply pipe 3.1 leads from the gas inlet 1 into the housing 2, and an exhaust gas discharge pipe 3.2 leads out of the housing 2 at the gas outlet 7.
  • the end of the supply pipe 3.1 is closed with the aid of a valve plate 5.
  • valve disk 5 is seated on a piston rod 13, which in turn is part of a pressure cell 10.
  • the exhaust gas flows via the branch pipe 3.3 into the first expansion chamber 21 in the housing 2, through a further gas pipe 3.4 into the third expansion chamber 25, and from there through perforations in the partition wall 24 into the middle expansion chamber 23, where it enters the discharge pipe 3.2 in order to leave the housing 2 at the gas outlet 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged, half-cut representation of an actuating box 10 with four chambers 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, divided by three membranes 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, which are each supported by a support spring 12.1, 12.2, 12.3.
  • Each of the four chambers 14.1 ... 14.4 has its own pressure connection 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4.
  • a piston rod 13 is connected to the foremost membrane 11.1.
  • a valve plate 5.1 is attached to it as an example of a closing element.
  • the piston rod 13 is drilled twice. These holes lead to pressure connections 15.1, 15.2 in front of and behind the first membrane 11.1.
  • One pressure line 6.1 opens into the head of the piston rod 13 and takes up the total gas pressure.
  • the other pressure line 6.2 opens laterally in the piston rod 13 at a sufficient distance from the head of the piston rod 13 or to the valve plate 5.1 and absorbs the static pressure inside the silencer. In this way, only the difference between these two pressures, which is proportional to the square of the flow velocity of the exhaust gases, acts on the first membrane 11.1.
  • the individual flow resistance of the respective silencer is compensated.
  • the strength of the support spring 12.1 can therefore only be matched to the flow velocity of the exhaust gases at which the valve plate 5.1 is to open.
  • control pressures can be connected to the pressure connections 15.3, 15.4 of the further chambers 14.3, 14.4.
  • the third chamber 14.3 can be supplied with a negative pressure from the intake tract of an internal combustion engine in order to, when the throttle valve is closed, ie in the Thrust operation to force a certain position of the valve plate 5.1.
  • the fourth chamber 14.4 can, for example, remain connected to the free atmosphere via its pressure connection 15.4, in order in this way to include the atmospheric pressure which decreases with increasing altitude above sea level in the control characteristic.
  • actuating box 10 can in principle be designed with further chambers, pressure connections, membranes and support springs if this should be necessary and the membranes are dimensioned for the strokes then required.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an actuating box 10 with three chambers 14.1 ... 14.3 and two membranes 11.1, 11.2.
  • the two foremost chambers 14.1, 14.2 are supplied with pressure by the pressure lines 6.1, 6.2 integrated in the piston rod 13.
  • An external pressure line 6.3 is connected to the third chamber 14.3.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with only two chambers 14.1, 14.2 and a membrane 11.1. Both chambers 14.1, 14.2 are supplied via the pressure lines 6.1, 6.2 integrated in the piston rod 13.
  • the actuating box 10 has no external pressure connections in this exemplary embodiment, so that the production is particularly simple and the risk of exhaust gas is prevented can leave the silencer housing in an undesirable manner.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 are to be used in FIGS Schematic application examples are shown, which allow a far more diverse influence on the acoustics and gas flows inside the silencers.
  • the piston rod 13 shows on the piston rod 13 two mirror plates 5.1, 5.2 oriented in mirror image to one another, each of which opens or closes a tube 3.3, 3.4 assigned to it.
  • the gas flowing in through the supply pipe 3.1 flows to the left and / or to the right depending on the position of the two valve plates 5.1, 5.2.
  • the piston rod 13 is provided with a lateral extension 13 ', at the head of which the pressure line 6.1 for the total pressure and on the side of which the pressure line 6.2 for the static pressure open.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second application example.
  • a valve disk 5.1 is provided on the piston rod 13 for opening and closing the gas supply pipe 3.1.
  • the gas pipe 3.1 is provided with a perforated area 26 which is more or less closed by the hollow cylinder 5.4, so as to influence the acoustics of the silencer.
  • Fig. 7 shows a third application example.
  • Two valve plates 5.1, 5.2 with different diameters are attached to the piston rod 13. These correspond to two concentric tubes 3.1, 3.4, wherein the second valve plate 5.2 can be moved inside the second pipe 3.4 until the first valve plate 5.1 closes the outer gas-carrying pipe 3.1.
  • valve plates 5.1, 5.2 can also be dimensioned and positioned such that the first valve plate 5.1 can be moved inside the first tube 3.1, while the second valve plate 5.1 closes or releases the end of the second gas tube 3.4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

On the piston connecting rod (13) is a valve closure component. A pressure conduit (6.1) conducts the total gas pressure to the excess pressure side of the membrane (11.1). The operating box (10) has several chambers (14.1-4) separated by membranes (11.1-3). Each membrane is supported by a spring (12.1-3) and each chamber has a pressure connection (15.1-4). A further pressure conduit (6.2) conducts the static gas pressure to the low pressure side of the membrane. Both pressure conduits are integrated in the piston connecting rod and one of them issues in the head of the rod. The other pressure conduit issues at a distance from the head of the piston connecting rod and at a distance from the valve plate (5.1) laterally to the piston connecting rod.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Schalldämpfer mit variabler Dämpfungscharakteristik für pulsierende Gase gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to silencers with variable damping characteristics for pulsating gases according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Schalldämpfer ist bekannt aus der DE-U 94 05 771. Dieser Schalldämpfer verwendet zum Öffnen und Schließen eines die pulsierenden Abgase führenden Rohres einen Ventilteller, der an einer Kolbenstange befestigt ist, die eine lineare Bewegung ausführt. Die Kolbenstange selbst ist an der Membran einer Druckdose befestigt. Der Überdruckseite der Membran wird der Druck im Inneren des Schalldämpfers zugeführt, und zwar bevorzugt über eine in die Kolbenstange integrierte Druckleitung. Eine Druckfeder stützt die Membran gegen den Überdruck. Die Niederdruckseite der Membran steht über eine Gehäuseöffnung mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung.Such a muffler is known from DE-U 94 05 771. This muffler uses a valve plate for opening and closing a tube carrying the pulsating exhaust gases, which valve plate is fastened to a piston rod which carries out a linear movement. The piston rod itself is attached to the membrane of a pressure cell. The pressure in the interior of the muffler is supplied to the overpressure side of the membrane, preferably via a pressure line integrated in the piston rod. A compression spring supports the membrane against excess pressure. The low pressure side of the membrane communicates with the atmosphere via a housing opening.

Diese Anordnung ist so gewählt, daß der Ventilteller im Ruhezustand das gasführende Rohr verschließt. Der Ruhezustand entspricht einem geringen Überdruck im Schalldämpfer gegenüber dem Atmosphärendruck. Steigt der Innendruck im Schalldämpfer, bedingt durch eine Erhöhung des Gasdurchflusses, so bewegt die vom Überdruck erzeugte Kraft die Membran gegen die Summe der Kräfte von Stützfeder und Atmosphärendruck und der Ventilteller gibt das bisher verschlossene Abgasrohr frei.This arrangement is chosen so that the valve plate closes the gas-carrying pipe in the idle state. The idle state corresponds to a slight excess pressure in the silencer compared to atmospheric pressure. If the internal pressure in the muffler rises due to an increase in the gas flow, the force generated by the excess pressure moves the diaphragm against the sum of the forces of the support spring and atmospheric pressure and the valve disk releases the previously closed exhaust pipe.

Da jeder Schalldämpfer aufgrund der baulichen Gegebenheiten einen ganz spezifischen Strömungswiderstand besitzt, aus dem sich der individuelle Schwellwert des Überdrucks, bei dem sich der Ventilteller zu bewegen beginnt, ergeben muß, müssen die Stützfedern jeweils angepaßt werden. Dies ist aufwendig. Des weiteren hat sich gezeigt, daß in besonderen Fällen, beispielsweise wenn das gasführende Rohr bei Überschreiten des Druckschwellwertes nicht geöffnet, sondern geschlossen werden soll, in der Praxis Fehlfunktionen auftreten können, wenn der Schalldämpfer in einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt ist, dessen Motorsteuerung im Schubbetrieb sowohl die Treibstoff- als auch die Luftzufuhr absperrt.Since each silencer has a very specific flow resistance due to the structural conditions, from which the individual threshold value of the overpressure at which the valve disk begins to move must result, the support springs must be adapted in each case. This is complex. Furthermore, it has been shown that in special cases, for example if the gas-carrying pipe is not to be opened when the pressure threshold value is exceeded, but rather to be closed, malfunctions can occur in practice if the muffler is used in a motor vehicle whose engine control in overrun mode is both Shuts off fuel as well as the air supply.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schalldämpfer der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß eine Vielzahl von Einflußgrößen berücksichtigt werden kann, wobei jedoch das einfache Grundprinzip, insbesondere der Verzicht auf ein externes Steuergerät, und die Verwendung einer einfachen, betriebssicheren Mechanik, erhalten bleiben.The present invention has for its object to improve a silencer of the type mentioned in such a way that a large number of influencing variables can be taken into account, but the simple basic principle, in particular the absence of an external control unit, and the use of a simple, reliable mechanical system, remain.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Schalldämpfer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by a silencer with the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung sieht zur Betätigung des Schließelementes an der Kolbenstange eine Betätigungsdose vor, die mehrere Membranen, mehrere Kammern und mehrere Druckanschlüsse besitzt. Im Prinzip kann die Zahl der Kammern und damit der berücksichtigbaren Steuerdrücke beliebig groß sein, wenngleich in der Praxis eine Beschränkung dadurch unumgänglich ist, daß der Hub, den eine Membran maximal ausführen kann, mechanisch begrenzt ist. Der wesentliche Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung beruht auf der Tatsache, daß der Überdruckseite einer, vorzugsweise der ersten Membran der Gesamtdruck, der Niederdruckseite dieser Membran der statische Druck des Schalldämpfers zugeführt wird. Dadurch kompensieren sich die unterschiedlichen Strömungswiderstände der verschiedenen Schalldämpfertypen und eventuell nachgeschalteter Dämpfer und die Stützfeder muß nur noch auf die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit abgestimmt werden, an der das Ventilschließelement das gasführende Rohr öffnen bzw. schließen soll.The solution according to the invention provides an actuating box for actuating the closing element on the piston rod, said actuating box having several membranes, several chambers and several pressure connections. In principle, the number of chambers and thus the control pressures that can be taken into account can be as large as desired, although in practice a limitation is inevitable in that the maximum stroke that a diaphragm can carry out is mechanically limited. The main advantage of the present invention is based on the fact that the overpressure side of one, preferably the first membrane, the total pressure, the low pressure side of this membrane, the static pressure of the silencer is supplied. This compensates for the different flow resistances of the different types of silencers and any silencers and the support spring only needs to be matched to the flow rate at which the valve closing element is to open or close the gas-carrying pipe.

Dank der Mehrzahl von Membranen und Kammern können weitere Steuerdrücke angelegt werden. Beispielsweise kann man aus dem Ansaugtrakt eines Verbrennungsmotors den Unterdruck abnehmen und in eine der Kammern der Betätigungsdose leiten. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, im Schubbetrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors eine bestimmte, funktionsgerechte Position des Ventilschließelementes zu erzwingen.Thanks to the large number of membranes and chambers, additional control pressures can be applied. For example, one can remove the negative pressure from the intake tract of an internal combustion engine and direct it into one of the chambers of the actuation box. In this way it is possible to force a specific, functional position of the valve closing element in the overrun condition of an internal combustion engine.

Falls es für die Funktion erforderlich ist, bietet auch die vorliegende Erfindung die Möglichkeit, eine Kammer der Betätigungsdose über eine Gehäusebohrung mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung zu bringen. Auf diese Weise läßt sich beispielsweise der mit zunehmender Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel abnehmende Luftdruck in die Steuerung des Ventilschließelementes einbeziehen.If it is necessary for the function, the present invention also offers the possibility of connecting a chamber of the actuating box to the atmosphere via a housing bore. In this way, for example, the air pressure decreasing with increasing height above sea level can be included in the control of the valve closing element.

Die Wirkung eines bestimmten Druckwertes auf die Öffnungs- und Schließcharakteristik des Ventilschließelementes läßt sich durch Verändern der entsprechenden Membranfläche variieren.The effect of a certain pressure value on the opening and closing characteristics of the valve closing element can be varied by changing the corresponding membrane area.

Auch durch unterschiedliche Ausgestaltung des Ventilschließelementes lassen sich unterschiedliche Effekte hinsichtlich der akustischen Eigenschaften und der Gasführung im Inneren des Schalldämpfers erzielen.Different configurations of the valve closing element can also achieve different effects with regard to the acoustic properties and the gas flow inside the silencer.

Gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltung ist das Ventilschließelement ein Teller, wie er aus der eingangs genannten DE-U 94 05 771 bekannt ist, mit dessen Hilfe das Ende eines gasführenden Rohres verschlossen werden kann.According to a first embodiment, the valve closing element is a plate, as is known from DE-U 94 05 771 mentioned at the beginning, with the aid of which the end of a gas-carrying pipe can be closed.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung können auf der Kolbenstange auch zwei derartige Ventilteller angebracht sein. Diese können unterschiedliche Durchmesser und/oder unterschiedliche Orientierung haben. Im letzteren Falle bieten sie die Möglichkeit, im Ruhezustand ein erstes gasführendes Rohr und im Aktivzustand ein zweites gasführendes Rohr zu verschließen bzw. freizugeben.According to a further development, two such valve plates can also be attached to the piston rod. These can have different diameters and / or different orientations. In the latter case, they offer the possibility of closing or releasing a first gas-carrying pipe in the idle state and a second gas-carrying pipe in the active state.

Eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Ventilschließelementes ist ein Hohlzylinder, der im abgasführenden Rohr bewegt wird, um dort perforierte Rohrbereiche oder auch abzweigende Rohre, beispielsweise den Hals eines Helmholtz-Resonators, zu verschließen bzw. freizugeben.An alternative embodiment of the valve closing element is a hollow cylinder which is moved in the exhaust-gas-carrying pipe in order to close or release perforated pipe areas or branching pipes, for example the neck of a Helmholtz resonator.

Eine dritte alternative Ausführungsform verwendet ebenfalls einen Zylinder, jedoch mit geschlossenem Boden, so daß auch der Gasfluß durch das Rohr, in dem der Zylinder bewegt wird, insgesamt abgesperrt werden kann.A third alternative embodiment also uses a cylinder, but with the bottom closed, so that the gas flow through the tube in which the cylinder is moved can also be shut off as a whole.

Anhand der Zeichnung soll die Erfindung in Form von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Abgasschalldämpfer gemäß dem Stand der Technik mit einem Ventilteller zum Öffnen und Verschließen eines abgasführenden Rohres, betätigt durch eine Druckdose,
Fig. 2
eine Betätigungsdose mit vier Kammern und drei Membranen,
Fig. 3
eine Betätigungsdose mit drei Kammern und zwei Membranen,
Fig. 4
eine Betätigungsdose mit zwei Kammern und einer Membran,
Fig. 5
ein Anwendungsbeispiel für ein Schließelement mit zwei Ventiltellern,
Fig. 6
ein Anwendungsbeispiel für ein Schließelement mit Hohlzylinder und Ventilteller und
Fig. 7
ein Anwendungsbeispiel für ein Schließelement mit zwei Ventiltellern mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the form of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
an exhaust gas silencer according to the prior art with a valve disk for opening and closing an exhaust gas-carrying pipe, actuated by a pressure cell,
Fig. 2
an actuation box with four chambers and three membranes,
Fig. 3
an actuation box with three chambers and two membranes,
Fig. 4
an actuation box with two chambers and a membrane,
Fig. 5
an application example for a closing element with two valve plates,
Fig. 6
an application example for a closing element with hollow cylinder and valve plate and
Fig. 7
an application example for a closing element with two valve plates with different diameters.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schalldämpfer mit umschaltbarer Dämpfungscharakteristik gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Der Schalldämpfer besitzt ein Gehäuse 2, dessen Inneres mit Hilfe zweier Trennwände 22, 24 in drei Kammern unterteilt ist. Vom Gaseinlaß 1 führt ein Abgas-Zuleitungsrohr 3.1 in das Gehäuse 2 hinein, ein Abgas-Ableitungsrohr 3.2 führt am Gasauslaß 7 aus dem Gehäuse 2 heraus. Das Ende des Zuleitungsrohrs 3.1 ist mit Hilfe eines Ventiltellers 5 verschlossen.Fig. 1 shows a silencer with switchable damping characteristics according to the prior art. The silencer has a housing 2, the interior of which is divided into three chambers by means of two partition walls 22, 24. An exhaust gas supply pipe 3.1 leads from the gas inlet 1 into the housing 2, and an exhaust gas discharge pipe 3.2 leads out of the housing 2 at the gas outlet 7. The end of the supply pipe 3.1 is closed with the aid of a valve plate 5.

Der Ventilteller 5 sitzt an einer Kolbenstange 13, die ihrerseits Teil einer Druckdose 10 ist.The valve disk 5 is seated on a piston rod 13, which in turn is part of a pressure cell 10.

Ist das Ende des Zuleitungsrohrs 3.1 versperrt, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, strömt das Abgas über das Zweigrohr 3.3 in die erste Expansionskammer 21 im Gehäuse 2, durch ein weiteres Gasrohr 3.4 in die dritte Expansionskammer 25, von dort durch Perforationen in der Trennwand 24 in die mittlere Expansionskammer 23, wo es in das Ableitungsrohr 3.2 eintritt, um am Gasauslaß 7 das Gehäuse 2 zu verlassen.If the end of the supply pipe 3.1 is blocked, as shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust gas flows via the branch pipe 3.3 into the first expansion chamber 21 in the housing 2, through a further gas pipe 3.4 into the third expansion chamber 25, and from there through perforations in the partition wall 24 into the middle expansion chamber 23, where it enters the discharge pipe 3.2 in order to leave the housing 2 at the gas outlet 7.

Ist das Ende des Zuleitungsrohrs 3.1 geöffnet, strömt das Abgas aufgrund des geringeren Strömungswiderstandes direkt in die dritte Expansionskammer 25, durch die Perforationen in der Trennwand 24 in die mittlere Expansionskammer 23 und durch das Ableitungsrohr 3.2 aus dem Schalldämpfergehäuse 2 heraus.If the end of the supply pipe 3.1 is opened, the exhaust gas flows due to the lower flow resistance directly into the third expansion chamber 25, through the perforations in the partition 24 into the middle expansion chamber 23 and through the discharge pipe 3.2 out of the muffler housing 2.

Fig. 2 zeigt in vergrößerter, halb aufgeschnittener Darstellung eine Betätigungsdose 10 mit vier Kammern 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, unterteilt durch drei Membranen 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, die ihrerseits von je einer Stützfeder 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 abgestützt sind. Jede der vier Kammern 14.1 ... 14.4 besitzt einen eigenen Druckanschluß 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4. Eine Kolbenstange 13 ist mit der vordersten Membran 11.1 verbunden. Auf ihr ist als Beispiel für ein Schließelement ein Ventilteller 5.1 befestigt.Fig. 2 shows an enlarged, half-cut representation of an actuating box 10 with four chambers 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, divided by three membranes 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, which are each supported by a support spring 12.1, 12.2, 12.3. Each of the four chambers 14.1 ... 14.4 has its own pressure connection 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4. A piston rod 13 is connected to the foremost membrane 11.1. A valve plate 5.1 is attached to it as an example of a closing element.

Die Kolbenstange 13 ist zweifach angebohrt. Diese Bohrungen führen zu Druckanschlüssen 15.1, 15.2 vor bzw. hinter der ersten Membran 11.1. Die eine Druckleitung 6.1 mündet im Kopf der Kolbenstange 13 und nimmt den Gasgesamtdruck auf. Die andere Druckleitung 6.2 mündet seitlich in der Kolbenstange 13 mit ausreichendem Abstand zum Kopf der Kolbenstange 13 bzw. zum Ventilteller 5.1 und nimmt den statischen Druck im Inneren des Schalldämpfers auf. Auf diese Weise wirkt auf die erste Membran 11.1 nur die Differenz dieser beiden Drücke, die dem Quadrat der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Abgase proportional ist. Der individuelle Strömungswiderstand des jeweiligen Schalldämpfers ist kompensiert. Die Stärke der Stützfeder 12.1 kann daher ausschließlich auf die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Abgase abgestimmt werden, bei der der Ventilteller 5.1 öffnen soll.The piston rod 13 is drilled twice. These holes lead to pressure connections 15.1, 15.2 in front of and behind the first membrane 11.1. One pressure line 6.1 opens into the head of the piston rod 13 and takes up the total gas pressure. The other pressure line 6.2 opens laterally in the piston rod 13 at a sufficient distance from the head of the piston rod 13 or to the valve plate 5.1 and absorbs the static pressure inside the silencer. In this way, only the difference between these two pressures, which is proportional to the square of the flow velocity of the exhaust gases, acts on the first membrane 11.1. The individual flow resistance of the respective silencer is compensated. The strength of the support spring 12.1 can therefore only be matched to the flow velocity of the exhaust gases at which the valve plate 5.1 is to open.

An die Druckanschlüsse 15.3, 15.4 der weiteren Kammern 14.3, 14.4 können weitere Steuerdrücke angeschlossen werden. Beispielsweise kann der dritten Kammer 14.3 ein Unterdruck aus dem Ansaugtrakt eines Verbrennungsmotors zugeführt werden, um bei geschlossener Drosselklappe, d. h. im Schubbetrieb, eine bestimmte Position des Ventiltellers 5.1 zu erzwingen.Further control pressures can be connected to the pressure connections 15.3, 15.4 of the further chambers 14.3, 14.4. For example, the third chamber 14.3 can be supplied with a negative pressure from the intake tract of an internal combustion engine in order to, when the throttle valve is closed, ie in the Thrust operation to force a certain position of the valve plate 5.1.

Die vierte Kammer 14.4 kann über ihren Druckanschluß 15.4 beispielsweise mit der freien Atmosphäre in Verbindung bleiben, um auf diese Weise den mit zunehmender Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel abnehmenden Atmosphärendruck in die Steuercharakteristik einzubeziehen.The fourth chamber 14.4 can, for example, remain connected to the free atmosphere via its pressure connection 15.4, in order in this way to include the atmospheric pressure which decreases with increasing altitude above sea level in the control characteristic.

Es versteht sich, daß die Betätigungsdose 10 grundsätzlich mit weiteren Kammern, Druckanschlüssen, Membranen und Stützfedern ausgeführt werden kann, wenn dies nötig sein sollte und die Membranen für die dann erforderlichen Hübe dimensioniert werden.It goes without saying that the actuating box 10 can in principle be designed with further chambers, pressure connections, membranes and support springs if this should be necessary and the membranes are dimensioned for the strokes then required.

Um die von einem bestimmten Druck ausgeübte Kraft beeinflussen zu können, empfiehlt es sich, die Membranflächen zu variieren, die Federeigenschaften jedoch unverändert zu lassen.In order to be able to influence the force exerted by a certain pressure, it is advisable to vary the membrane surfaces, but to leave the spring properties unchanged.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Betätigungsdose 10 mit drei Kammern 14.1 ... 14.3 und zwei Membranen 11.1, 11.2. Die beiden vordersten Kammern 14.1, 14.2 werden wie schon erläutert durch die in die Kolbenstange 13 integrierten Druckleitungen 6.1, 6.2 mit Druck versorgt. An die dritte Kammer 14.3 ist eine externe Druckleitung 6.3 angeschlossen.Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an actuating box 10 with three chambers 14.1 ... 14.3 and two membranes 11.1, 11.2. As already explained, the two foremost chambers 14.1, 14.2 are supplied with pressure by the pressure lines 6.1, 6.2 integrated in the piston rod 13. An external pressure line 6.3 is connected to the third chamber 14.3.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit nur zwei Kammern 14.1, 14.2 und einer Membran 11.1. Beide Kammern 14.1, 14.2 sind über die in die Kolbenstange 13 integrierten Druckleitungen 6.1, 6.2 versorgt. Die Betätigungsdose 10 hat in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel keinerlei externe Druckanschlüsse, so daß die Herstellung besonders einfach ist und der Gefahr vorgebeugt ist, daß Abgas auf unerwünschte Weise das Schalldämpfergehäuse verlassen kann.Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with only two chambers 14.1, 14.2 and a membrane 11.1. Both chambers 14.1, 14.2 are supplied via the pressure lines 6.1, 6.2 integrated in the piston rod 13. The actuating box 10 has no external pressure connections in this exemplary embodiment, so that the production is particularly simple and the risk of exhaust gas is prevented can leave the silencer housing in an undesirable manner.

Da die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten, die die Betätigungsdose mit ihrer Vielzahl von Kammern, Druckanschlüssen, Membranen und Stützfedern bietet, mit einem einfachen Ventilteller, der das Ende eines Rohres verschließt oder freigibt, bei weitem nicht ausgenützt werden können, sollen in den Fig. 5 bis 7 schematisch Anwendungsbeispiele gezeigt werden, die eine weitaus vielfältigere Beeinflussung der Akustik und der Gasströmungen im Inneren von Schalldämpfern ermöglichen.Since the diverse possibilities offered by the actuation box with its large number of chambers, pressure connections, membranes and support springs cannot be exploited by far with a simple valve plate that closes or releases the end of a tube, FIGS. 5 to 7 are to be used in FIGS Schematic application examples are shown, which allow a far more diverse influence on the acoustics and gas flows inside the silencers.

Fig. 5 zeigt auf der Kolbenstange 13 zwei spiegelbildlich zueinander orientierte Ventilteller 5.1, 5.2, von denen jeder ein ihm zugeordnetes Rohr 3.3, 3.4 öffnet bzw. verschließt. Das durch das Zuleitungsrohr 3.1 einströmende Gas fließt je nach der Position der beiden Ventilteller 5.1, 5.2 nach links und/oder nach rechts. Um die Druckverhältnisse im Zuleitungsrohr 3.1 aufnehmen zu können, ist die Kolbenstange 13 mit einem seitlichen Ansatz 13' versehen, an dessen Kopf die Druckleitung 6.1 für den Gesamtdruck und an dessen Seite die Druckleitung 6.2 für den statischen Druck münden.5 shows on the piston rod 13 two mirror plates 5.1, 5.2 oriented in mirror image to one another, each of which opens or closes a tube 3.3, 3.4 assigned to it. The gas flowing in through the supply pipe 3.1 flows to the left and / or to the right depending on the position of the two valve plates 5.1, 5.2. In order to be able to accommodate the pressure conditions in the supply pipe 3.1, the piston rod 13 is provided with a lateral extension 13 ', at the head of which the pressure line 6.1 for the total pressure and on the side of which the pressure line 6.2 for the static pressure open.

Fig. 6 zeigt ein zweites Anwendungsbeispiel. An der Kolbenstange 13 ist ein Ventilteller 5.1 zum Öffnen und Verschließen des Gaszuleitungsrohrs 3.1 vorgesehen. Davor sitzt ein Hohlzylinder 5.4. Das Gasrohr 3.1 ist mit einem perforierten Bereich 26 versehen, der vom Hohlzylinder 5.4 mehr oder weniger stark verschlossen wird, um so die Akustik des Schalldämpfers zu beeinflussen.Fig. 6 shows a second application example. A valve disk 5.1 is provided on the piston rod 13 for opening and closing the gas supply pipe 3.1. In front of it sits a hollow cylinder 5.4. The gas pipe 3.1 is provided with a perforated area 26 which is more or less closed by the hollow cylinder 5.4, so as to influence the acoustics of the silencer.

Fig. 7 zeigt ein drittes Anwendungsbeispiel. An der Kolbenstange 13 sind zwei Ventilteller 5.1, 5.2 mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser angebracht. Diese korrespondieren mit zwei konzentrischen Rohren 3.1, 3.4, wobei der zweite Ventilteller 5.2 sich im Inneren des zweiten Rohrs 3.4 bewegen läßt, bis der erste Ventilteller 5.1 das äußere gasführende Rohr 3.1 verschließt.Fig. 7 shows a third application example. Two valve plates 5.1, 5.2 with different diameters are attached to the piston rod 13. These correspond to two concentric tubes 3.1, 3.4, wherein the second valve plate 5.2 can be moved inside the second pipe 3.4 until the first valve plate 5.1 closes the outer gas-carrying pipe 3.1.

Es versteht sich, daß die beiden Ventilteller 5.1, 5.2 auch so dimensioniert und positioniert werden können, daß der erste Ventilteller 5.1 im Inneren des ersten Rohres 3.1 verschoben werden kann, während der zweite Ventilteller 5.1 das Ende des zweiten Gasrohrs 3.4 verschließt bzw. freigibt.It goes without saying that the two valve plates 5.1, 5.2 can also be dimensioned and positioned such that the first valve plate 5.1 can be moved inside the first tube 3.1, while the second valve plate 5.1 closes or releases the end of the second gas tube 3.4.

Claims (10)

Schalldämpfer mit variabler Dämpfungscharakteristik für pulsierende Gase, umfassend - ein Gehäuse (2), - ein Gaszuleitungsrohr (1) zum Gehäuse (2), - darin integrierte Rohre (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4), - eine Überdruckdose als Betätigungsorgan (10) mit Membran (11.1), Stützfeder (12.1), Kolbenstange (13) und Druckanschluß (15.1), - ein Ventilschließelement (5) an der Kolbenstange (13), - und eine Druckleitung (6.1), die den Gasgesamtdruck auf die Überdruckseite der Membran (11.1) leitet,
gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - die Betätigungsdose (10) besitzt mehrere, durch Membranen (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) getrennte Kammern (14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4), - jede Membran (11.1 ... 11.3) wird durch eine Feder (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) abgestützt, - jede Kammer (14.1 ... 14.4) hat einen Druckanschluß (15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4), - eine weitere Druckleitung (6.2) leitet den statischen Gasdruck auf die Niederdruckseite der Membran (11.1. Silencer with variable damping characteristics for pulsating gases, comprehensive - a housing (2), - a gas supply pipe (1) to the housing (2), - pipes integrated therein (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4), - An overpressure can as an actuator (10) with a membrane (11.1), support spring (12.1), piston rod (13) and pressure connection (15.1), - a valve closing element (5) on the piston rod (13), - And a pressure line (6.1), the total gas pressure the overpressure side of the membrane (11.1) conducts,
characterized by the characteristics: - The actuating box (10) has several chambers (14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4) separated by membranes (11.1, 11.2, 11.3), - each membrane (11.1 ... 11.3) is supported by a spring (12.1, 12.2, 12.3), - each chamber (14.1 ... 14.4) has a pressure connection (15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4), - Another pressure line (6.2) directs the static gas pressure to the low pressure side of the membrane (11.1. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - beide Druckleitungen (6.1, 6.2) sind in die Kolbenstange (13) integriert, - die eine Druckleitung (6.1) mündet im Kopf der Kolbenstange (13), - die andere Druckleitung (6.2) mündet mit Abstand zum Kopf der Kolbenstange (13) und mit Abstand zum Ventilteller (5.1) seitlich an der Kolbenstange (13). Silencer according to claim 1, characterized by the features: - Both pressure lines (6.1, 6.2) are integrated in the piston rod (13), - The one pressure line (6.1) opens into the head of the piston rod (13), - The other pressure line (6.2) opens at a distance from the head of the piston rod (13) and at a distance from the valve plate (5.1) on the side of the piston rod (13). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - eine dritte Druckleitung (6.3) leitet einen Unterdruck in eine dritte Kammer (14.3), - der Unterdruck stammt aus dem Ansaugtrakt eines Verbrennungsmotors. Silencer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the features: - a third pressure line (6.3) conducts a vacuum into a third chamber (14.3), - The vacuum comes from the intake tract of an internal combustion engine. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - eine Kammer (14.3) steht mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized by the characteristic: - A chamber (14.3) communicates with the atmosphere. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - wenigstens eine Membran besitzt eine abweichende Fläche. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized by the characteristic: - At least one membrane has a different surface. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - das Ventilschließelement (5) ist als Ventilteller (5.1, 5.2) ausgebildet. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized by the characteristic: - The valve closing element (5) is designed as a valve plate (5.1, 5.2). Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - auf der Kolbenstange (13) sind wenigstens zwei Ventilteller (5.1, 5.2) montiert, - die Durchmesser der Ventilteller (5.1, 5.2) weichen voneinander ab. Silencer according to claim 6, characterized by the features: - At least two valve plates (5.1, 5.2) are mounted on the piston rod (13), - The diameters of the valve plates (5.1, 5.2) differ from each other. Schalldämpfer nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: - auf der Kolbenstange (13) sind wenigstens zwei Ventilteller (5.1, 5.2) montiert, - die Ventilteller (5.1, 5.2) sind spiegelbildlich zueinander orientiert. Silencer according to claim 6, characterized by the features: - At least two valve plates (5.1, 5.2) are mounted on the piston rod (13), - The valve discs (5.1, 5.2) are mirror images of each other. Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - das Ventilschließelement (5) ist als Hohlzylinder (5.4) ausgebildet. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized by the characteristic: - The valve closing element (5) is designed as a hollow cylinder (5.4). Schalldämpfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
gekennzeichnet durch das Merkmal: - das Ventilschließelement (5) ist als Zylinder (5.5) mit geschlossenem Boden ausgebildet. Silencer according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized by the characteristic: - The valve closing element (5) is designed as a cylinder (5.5) with a closed bottom.
EP96116731A 1995-11-02 1996-10-18 Silencer with variable damping characteristics Expired - Lifetime EP0771939B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19540716 1995-11-02
DE19540716A DE19540716C1 (en) 1995-11-02 1995-11-02 Silencer with variable damping characteristics

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EP0771939B1 EP0771939B1 (en) 2000-03-22

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EP (1) EP0771939B1 (en)
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EP0771939B1 (en) 2000-03-22
US5821474A (en) 1998-10-13
JPH09166010A (en) 1997-06-24
DE59604751D1 (en) 2000-04-27
DE19540716C1 (en) 1997-04-17

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