EP0770236A1 - Systeme, appareil et procede de pretraitement et d'acheminement de presentations multimedia - Google Patents

Systeme, appareil et procede de pretraitement et d'acheminement de presentations multimedia

Info

Publication number
EP0770236A1
EP0770236A1 EP95926124A EP95926124A EP0770236A1 EP 0770236 A1 EP0770236 A1 EP 0770236A1 EP 95926124 A EP95926124 A EP 95926124A EP 95926124 A EP95926124 A EP 95926124A EP 0770236 A1 EP0770236 A1 EP 0770236A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
presentation
processor
delivery
customer
multimedia
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95926124A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0770236A4 (fr
Inventor
Gil Carapelho Cruz
Ralph Douglas Hill
Thomas Helm Judd
Darren Hans New
Jonathan Rosenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iconectiv LLC
Original Assignee
Bell Communications Research Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/274,502 external-priority patent/US5594911A/en
Priority claimed from US08/274,503 external-priority patent/US5577258A/en
Application filed by Bell Communications Research Inc filed Critical Bell Communications Research Inc
Publication of EP0770236A4 publication Critical patent/EP0770236A4/fr
Publication of EP0770236A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770236A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/762—Media network packet handling at the source 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/62—Establishing a time schedule for servicing the requests
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Definitions

  • Multimedia information is a combination of different types of information (e.g., still images, text, graphics, audio, and motion video) integrated into a single presentation.
  • the growing market for multimedia presentations has stimulated interest in efficient and cost-effective mechanisms for delivering multimedia presentations from providers to customers.
  • FIG. 1A depicts a prior delivery system 10 which includes an information warehouse 20, a distribution network 30, and a plurality of customer premises equipments (CPEs) 40-1 through 40-K corresponding to customers 41-1 through 41-K, respectively.
  • the information warehouse 20 includes mass storage 21, where multimedia presentations are stored, and a server 22, which retrieves multimedia presentations from storage 21 and delivers these presentations to the CPEs of requesting customers.
  • Figs. IB and IC depict a table and graph, respectively, of objects representing an original multimedia presentation (OMP).
  • OMP is used to clearly specify the behavior of a multimedia presentation.
  • each row corresponds to an object and the column entries represent the following: Object Number: a unique identifier for each object.
  • Object Description a comment (meant for the reader) that describes the object's purpose. The Object Description is for illustrative purposes only and would not be part of an OMP in practice.
  • Object Type the medium contained in the object.
  • Object Size the size of the object in bytes.
  • the server 22 delivers objects as requested by the customer's CPE along the main presentation path until the customer makes an interactive selection, and then the server reacts to the request of the customer's by transmitting those objects which fulfill the customer's selection as directed by the CPE.
  • a drawback of such delivery systems is that the server in no way incorporates in its delivery strategy the delivery of objects that may be needed in the future to fulfill a customer's interactive selection such that delays or breaks in the presentation are eliminated.
  • Another major shortcoming of the server's reactive mode of operation is that the number of customers being served directly affects the interactive response seen by each customer. This means that as each new customer gains access to the system, the existing customers will likely notice decreased quality of performance, in the form of increased interactive response time. If one wishes to maintain interactive response time below a specified value, it is necessary to limit the number of customers or purchase a more powerful server. Otherwise, servicing more customers could result in significant contention at the server and ultimately interruptions or delays in the presentation of OMPs to customers. Since the server 22 must handle the delivery of OMPs to multiple customers simultaneously, it is important to properly scale the client-server ratio to ensure that delays in presenting the OMP will not exceed a preset maximum.
  • An aspect of our invention is a system, apparatus and method for preprocessing and delivering multimedia presentations to customers.
  • Our inventive system comprises a preprocessor, mass storage, a delivery processor, a distribution network, and a plurality of presentation processors.
  • the preprocessor receives as inputs an OMP, which includes presentation commands and associated objects, and presentation technology parameters (PTPs) indicating key information about the delivery processor, the distribution network, and the presentation processor which are to deliver and present the presentation to a requesting customer.
  • This key information includes the round trip latency (RTL) between the delivery processor and the presentation processor, which RTL is the time for a 1 bit message to be sent from the presentation processor to the delivery processor and a response from the delivery processor to be received at the presentation processor.
  • RTL round trip latency
  • the mass storage holds PMPs available for delivery, and the delivery processor delivers multimedia presentations requested by customers by following the delivery commands contained in the delivery schedule of the preprocessed multimedia presentation.
  • Each customer has a corresponding presentation processor, and the delivery processor transmits a requested presentation to the presentation processor corresponding to the requesting customer via the distribution network.
  • the presentation processor presents the objects of the presentation to the customer according to associated presentation commands received from the delivery processor.
  • the preprocessor includes a presentation scheduler, which analyzes the objects of the presentation, their associated presentation times, and customer interactive features and generates a delivery schedule such that:
  • the presentation processor compares the time on its local clock with the time for executing each presentation command to determine if any of the presentation commands are due to be executed. If so, these commands are executed and then the commands and their associated objects are deleted from the memory.
  • the presentation processor also monitors messages received from its corresponding customer indicating that an interactive feature has been selected. On receiving such a message, the presentation processor determine whether the interactive feature is enabled. If so, the presentation processor sends a message to the delivery processor indicating the customer's selection of the interactive feature.
  • Fig. 2 depicts an illustrative embodiment of our multimedia preprocessing and delivery system for preprocessing and delivering multimedia presentations to customers, in accordance with our invention.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative embodiment of our multimedia preprocessor in accordance with our invention.
  • Fig. 6B depicts a labelled, directed graph representing a delivery schedule for the preprocessed multimedia presentation, in accordance with an aspect of our invention.
  • Figs. 7A through 7E depict flow diagrams showing a representative embodiment of our preprocessing method, in accordance with an aspect of our invention.
  • Fig. 8 depicts a flow diagram showing a representative embodiment of our delivery method, in accordance with an aspect of our invention.
  • Fig. 9 depicts a flow diagram showing a representative embodiment of our presentation method, in accordance with an aspect of our invention.
  • the organization and operation of the invention will be better understood from a consideration of the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments thereof, which follow, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
  • Fig. 2 depicts an illustrative embodiment of our multimedia preprocessing and delivery system 100.
  • Our system 100 includes a multimedia preprocessor 200, a mass storage 300, a delivery processor 400, a distribution network 500, and a plurality of presentation processors 600-1 through 600-N.
  • the preprocessor 200 receives an OMP, which comprises multimedia objects and associated presentations commands for presenting the multimedia objects to a customer based upon the customer's interactive commands under a traditional client-server model.
  • the preprocessor 200 also receives other inputs called presentation technology parameters (PTPs) which indicate key information characterizing components of system 100, which components are employed in delivering the presentation to a customer.
  • PTPs presentation technology parameters
  • This key information includes the round trip latency (RTL) between the delivery processor and the presentation processor, which RTL is the time for a 1 bit message to be sent from the presentation processor to the delivery processor and a response from the delivery processor to be received at the presentation processor.
  • RTL round trip latency
  • the PTPs also include the bit rate of distribution network and the memory capacity of the presentation processor. Based upon these inputs, the preprocessor generates a PMP.
  • the PMP generated at preprocessor 200 is stored at mass storage 300, which is connected to the preprocessor 200 via output 250 and which stores PMPs available for delivery on customer request.
  • the delivery processor 400 is in communication with the presentation processors 600-1 through 600-N, which correspond to customers 601-1 through 601-N, respectively, via the distribution network 500.
  • the delivery processor 400 retrieves the requested PMP from storage 300.
  • the delivery processor 400 executes the delivery schedule embedded in the PMP and delivers the multimedia objects and presentation commands to the presentation processor corresponding to the requesting customer.
  • the presentation processor 600 presents the multimedia objects to the customer according to presentation commands.
  • the presentation processor 600 also receives messages from its customer, which messages may include the customer's selection of an interactive feature. and on receiving such a message, the presentation processor 600 forwards a message to the delivery processor 400 advising it of the customer's selection.
  • the preprocessor 200 receives as an input at input port 210 an OMP, which is stored in OMP storage 201 and which may have been created using any of the well-known multimedia authoring systems.
  • OMP which is stored in OMP storage 201 and which may have been created using any of the well-known multimedia authoring systems.
  • Such systems allow authors to create presentations including formatted multi-font text, animations, graphics images, photographic images, audio and motion video.
  • Many of these systems, such as Macromedia's Authorware Professional provide a graphical user interface enabling authors to create presentations by manipulating images on a computer display.
  • the output of the authoring system may not be in a format suitable as input to the preprocessor 200. Therefore, the output of the authoring system may require a software translation into the format suitable for the preprocessor 200.
  • OMP is in a format acceptable to the preprocessor 200.
  • An illustrative OMP is depicted in Figs. IB and IC and is described in the Background of the Invention.
  • the preprocessor 200 comprises a presentation scheduler 205 which controls the preprocessing of the OMP.
  • the presentation scheduler 205 assesses the objects to be delivered and their associated presentation times and the interactive features that may be selected by the customer during pre-specified intervals of the presentation. Considering the results of this assessment and the PTPs defining the characteristics of the delivery system which is to deliver and present the presentation, the presentation scheduler 205 generates a PMP comprising a delivery schedule for delivering the presentation such that interactive response delays and gaps in the presentation are virtually eliminated.
  • the presentation scheduler In generating the delivery schedule, the presentation scheduler analyzes the objects, their associated presentation times, and optional customer interactive features. The presentation scheduler 205 then generates delivery commands which comprise the delivery schedule such that: 1) each presentation command and its associated object arrive at the presentation processor no later than the time at which the object is to presented;
  • any presentation command and associated object delivered to the presentation processor can be accommodated at the memory of the presentation processor;
  • the delivery schedule generated by the presentation scheduler during preprocessing can be best described as a labelled, directed graph, G, comprising nodes, leads, and labels, wherein:
  • E an element of N is a designated End Node R (a subset of N) is a set of Return Nodes LE is a set of leads, which are output leads from nodes LA is a set of labels for each lead, each label being an integer
  • the Start (S) Node contains instructions for the delivery processor to begin delivery of the multimedia presentation to the presentation processor.
  • the End (E) Node contains instructions to notify the delivery processor that the delivery of the presentation is completed, and the Return (R) Node contains instructions for the delivery processor to return in the graph to the point prior to the current node.
  • Each lead in the graph has a label which is an integer.
  • Each node, N contains a delivery command, which may include commands for the delivery processor to "send" information to the presentation processor, "wait” for a customer interaction, or "halt” delivery of the presentation to the presentation processor.
  • a send command contains an object which is to be delivered to the presentation processor, the presentation command associated with the object being delivered, and the earliest time at which the object is to be delivered.
  • the wait and halt commands contain no objects for delivery.
  • This send command identifies the delivery start time of the object, the object to be delivered, and its associated presentation command to be executed by the presentation processor. If the presentation scheduler 205 finds, by checking its memory counter 208, that an object and its associated presentation commands cannot be accommodated in its entirety by the presentation processor prior to the presentation time, but that there is some, but limited available memory at the presentation processor, the presentation scheduler may re ⁇ package the original object into smaller objects for delivery at different times under different send commands. The presentation scheduler 205 will include a wait command in the delivery schedule to instruct the delivery processor to wait until a pre-specified period of time has elapsed or until a pre-specified condition is met.
  • a wait command could instruct the delivery processor to wait for a customer interaction before proceeding with the delivery of the presentation. Since the delivery processor will, in general, be serving multiple customers, it is expected that the delivery processor will process delivery schedules for other customers while it is waiting. The presentation scheduler may also generate a halt command to instruct the delivery processor to terminate delivery of the presentation. DELIVERY PROCESSOR
  • the PTP generator 407 sends a message via the interface 404 to the distribution network 500 requesting the one-way propagation delay (PD) of the network, which propagation delay is the time for one bit to travel over the distribution network from the delivery processor to the presentation processor. Furthermore, the PTP generator requests from a delivery controller 401 (discussed infra) of the delivery processor, which executes delivery commands of the PMP, information regarding the worst case service time (ST), in second, of the delivery controller. This information is specific to the delivery controller and is dependent on the performance of the software and hardware employed therein.
  • the delivery processor further includes a presentation store 403, where preprocessed multimedia presentations are stored once retrieved from mass storage 300, and a local delivery clock for tracking the current time at the delivery processor.
  • the delivery processor includes a message store 402 for holding messages received from the presentation processor including messages indicating customers' selections of interactive features.
  • Another element of the delivery processor is a delivery controller 401, which, on receiving a presentation request from a customer, causes the PMP version of the requested presentation to be retrieved from mass storage 300 of Fig. 2 into the presentation store 403 via interface 405.
  • the delivery controller 401 then delivers the presentation to the presentation processor corresponding to the requesting customer by implementing the delivery schedule embedded in the PMP.
  • the delivery controller 401 follows the labelled, directed graph representing the delivery schedule and executes the delivery command contained in each node of the graph.
  • the delivery controller 401 of the delivery processor will check the message store 402 to determine if a message has been received from the presentation processor indicating customer's selection of an interactive feature. If such a message has been received, the delivery processor follows the lead having a label which corresponds to the customer's message and inspects the node that is reached by following that lead. If no such message is received or if the node has a single lead labelled 0, indicating that no customer interactive feature is available for selection, the delivery processor will follow the lead labelled zero and inspect the node that is reached. In inspecting a node, the delivery processor reads the delivery commands contained in the node and executes them as instructed. Then, the delivery processor inspects the outgoing leads from that node to determine its next action.
  • Each presentation processor comprises an interface 601, which receives information for communicating messages to the delivery processor 400.
  • the presentation processor also comprises an interface 602 for communicating with its corresponding customer.
  • a memory store 610 is located at the presentation processor which may be partitioned into an object store 603, for storing objects of the multimedia presentation, a command store 604, for storing presentation commands, and an interaction table store 605, for storing the interaction table of the presentation being presented.
  • a customer input store 606 for collecting and storing customer's inputs, which may include a message indicating a customer's selections of an interactive feature, is also an element of the presentation processor 600.
  • the presentation processor also includes a local presentation clock 607 which tracks the local time at the presentation processor.
  • a presentation controller 608 which executes presentation commands received from the delivery processor and presents the objects of the presentation as instructed.
  • the presentation controller 608 causes interface 601 to store presentation commands in command store 604, presentation objects in object store 603, and the interaction table in store 605.
  • Another function of the presentation controller 608 is to check the customer store for messages from the customer indicating selection of an interactive feature. Upon selecting such a message, the presentation controller 608 forwards a message to the delivery processor 400 via interface 601 and the distribution network 500 (see Fig. 2).
  • the presentation scheduler also includes in the delivery schedule lead 223, labelled 1 and connecting Nodes 3 and 5, to accommodate the case where a message indicating the customer's selection is received at the delivery processor (Step 843). If there were other objects to be presented on the interactive feature being selected, they also would have been similarly scheduled for delivery (Step 844).
  • the presentation processor includes in the delivery schedule a return (R) node which is connected to Node 5 via lead 231, labelled 0 (Step 845).
  • the return node contains instructions for the delivery processor to return in the delivery schedule to the point prior to the current node, which point would be at Node 3.
  • the delivery processor shifts back to scheduling the delivery of the undelivered object on Clock 1 having the earliest presentation time (See Step 846 of Fig. 7E and Steps 850 and 854 of Fig. 7C).
  • the presentation scheduler makes Object 3 the current object for scheduling.
  • the delivery processor also determines that the information needed to respond without delay to the customer's selection will have been delivered to the presentation processor. Realizing that a customer's selection not might occur prior to the delivery of
  • the presentation scheduler includes in the delivery schedule, another lead from Node 3, lead 224. This lead is labelled 0, and accommodates the case where no message indicating the customer's selection is received at the presentation scheduler after delivery of Object 6.
  • the presentation scheduler tracks the available memory at the presentation processor at memory counter 206, which would indicate 200 Kbytes of available memory after Object 3 is delivered.
  • Object 4 is scheduled in a manner similar to Object 3, resulting in lead 225, labelled 0, connecting Nodes 4 and 6.
  • the memory counter 206 indicates that after delivering the 100 Kbytes of Object 4, the available memory at the presentation processor is zero. Scheduling of Object 4 also results in lead 226 labelled 1 and connecting Nodes 4 and 5.
  • the presentation scheduler includes in the delivery schedule lead 227, labelled 1 and connecting Nodes 6 and 5.
  • the scheduling of Object 5 completes the scheduling of all objects clocked under Clock 1, and the presentation scheduler will similarly schedule unscheduled objects clocked on other clocks (Step 851 of Fig. 7C) beginning with the object having the earliest presentation time and currently unscheduled for delivery. Therefore, the presentation scheduler treats Clock 2 as the active clock (Step 852) and determines if any unscheduled object clocked on Clock 2 should be scheduled for delivery. Since Object 6 has been scheduled for delivery at Node 3 and Object 7 has been scheduled for delivery at Node 5, the scheduling of all objects is complete and the delivery schedule is completed by inserting an End Node connected to Node 7 via lead 229 which is labelled 0 (Step 853). This operation marks the completion of the preprocessing of the OMP, and the preprocessed multimedia presentation is output at lead 250 of the preprocessor 200 and stored at preprocessed multimedia storage 300.
  • customer 600-1 requests the multimedia presentation depicted in Figs. IB and IC.
  • This request is received at the customer store 606 of the presentation processor via the distribution network 500 and interface 602 of the presentation processor 600.
  • This request is detected by the presentation controller 608 and transmitted to the delivery processor 400.
  • the request is received at interface 402 and detected by the delivery controller 401.
  • the delivery processor retrieves from mass storage 300 the PMP which has been optimized for delivery over a distribution network and to a presentation processor having certain minimal characteristics (Step 861 of Fig. 8).
  • 6A and 6B show a delivery schedule of a preprocessed multimedia presentation which has been optimized for delivery over a distribution network operating at a minimum network bit rate of 128 kb/s and to a presentation processor having a maximum memory capacity of 250 Kbytes. Therefore, this preprocessed multimedia presentation may be delivered without interactive response time delays or gaps in the presentation over distribution systems operating at 128 kb/s (or faster) and to presentation processors having a maximum memory capacity of 250 Kbytes or larger. For purposes of discussion, we assume that the delivery processor, distribution network, and presentation processor meet such characteristics.
  • the delivery controller follows lead 220 to Node 1.
  • the presentation processor detects that the presentation command associated with Object 1 is due to be executed and presents this object via interface 602 to the customer (Steps 902 and 903 of Fig. 9).
  • the presentation processor similarly compares the time on the local presentation clock 607 with the presentation time contained in each presentation command to determine which presentation commands are due for execution until each presentation command has been executed.
  • the delivery controller next follows lead 221 to Node

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de prétraitement et d'acheminement de présentations multimédia à des clients (601) permettant d'éliminer pratiquement le temps de réponse d'interaction, comprend un préprocesseur (200), une mémoire de grande capacité (300), un processeur d'acheminement (400), un réseau de distribution (500) et une pluralité de processeurs de présentation (600). Le préprocesseur (200) reçoit en tant qu'entrées une présentation multimédia originelle et des paramètres caractérisant les autres composantes du système. Parmi ces paramètres, il y a la latence causée par l'aller et le retour entre le processeur d'acheminement (400) et le processeur de présentation (600). Le préprocesseur (200) génère une présentation multimédia prétraitée comprenant un programme d'acheminement sous la forme d'un graphe orienté et étiqueté. Lorsqu'il génère le programme d'acheminement, le préprocesseur (200) vérifie que chaque objet de la présentation et sa commande de présentation associée arrivent au processeur de présentation (600) pas plus tard que son temps de présentation.
EP95926124A 1994-07-13 1995-06-28 Systeme, appareil et procede de pretraitement et d'acheminement de presentations multimedia Withdrawn EP0770236A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US274502 1994-07-13
US274503 1994-07-13
US08/274,502 US5594911A (en) 1994-07-13 1994-07-13 System and method for preprocessing and delivering multimedia presentations
US08/274,503 US5577258A (en) 1994-07-13 1994-07-13 Apparatus and method for preprocessing multimedia presentations to generate a delivery schedule
PCT/US1995/008147 WO1996002876A1 (fr) 1994-07-13 1995-06-28 Systeme, appareil et procede de pretraitement et d'acheminement de presentations multimedia

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0770236A4 EP0770236A4 (fr) 1997-03-10
EP0770236A1 true EP0770236A1 (fr) 1997-05-02

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EP95926124A Withdrawn EP0770236A1 (fr) 1994-07-13 1995-06-28 Systeme, appareil et procede de pretraitement et d'acheminement de presentations multimedia

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0770236A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09512125A (fr)
CA (1) CA2194864A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996002876A1 (fr)

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JPH11177588A (ja) * 1997-12-10 1999-07-02 Sony Corp 電子機器及びデータ通信方法
JP3606729B2 (ja) 1997-12-10 2005-01-05 松下電器産業株式会社 リッチテキスト素材の表示方法及び映像情報提供システム
JP5250962B2 (ja) * 2006-10-31 2013-07-31 カシオ計算機株式会社 投影装置、投影方法及びプログラム

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IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 37, no. 2A, February 1994, NEW YORK, US, pages 349-350, XP002025522 ANONYMOUS: "Determination of Bandwidth and Latency in a Multimedia Communicaiton Environment" *
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0770236A4 (fr) 1997-03-10
CA2194864A1 (fr) 1996-02-01
WO1996002876A1 (fr) 1996-02-01
JPH09512125A (ja) 1997-12-02

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