EP0767978B1 - Electric plug connection - Google Patents

Electric plug connection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0767978B1
EP0767978B1 EP95924279A EP95924279A EP0767978B1 EP 0767978 B1 EP0767978 B1 EP 0767978B1 EP 95924279 A EP95924279 A EP 95924279A EP 95924279 A EP95924279 A EP 95924279A EP 0767978 B1 EP0767978 B1 EP 0767978B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
diameter
pin
receiving chamber
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95924279A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0767978A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Frinker
Peter Pszola
Stephan Peter Dieudonne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Original Assignee
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4441303A external-priority patent/DE4441303A1/en
Application filed by Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH filed Critical Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Priority to EP97119582A priority Critical patent/EP0836245B1/en
Publication of EP0767978A1 publication Critical patent/EP0767978A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0767978B1 publication Critical patent/EP0767978B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/22—Contacts for co-operating by abutting
    • H01R13/24—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted
    • H01R13/2407—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the resilient means
    • H01R13/2421—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the resilient means using coil springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
    • H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
    • H01R13/14—Resiliently-mounted rigid sockets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4854—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a wire spring
    • H01R4/4863—Coil spring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical connector with a connector receptacle and a connector pin, in particular a round plug in cross section, wherein the connector receptacle has a receiving chamber and in the receiving chamber has an axially compressible, single coil spring coil arranged is.
  • Such an electrical connector is from WO-A-86/01645 in the Form known that in the insertion direction in front of the coil spring a contact piece axially displaceable in the receiving chamber is arranged with which the connector pin in face electrical contact during insertion occurs. It is also known to be a tubular To provide plug receptacle on which on an outer surface a helical spring is pushed on, one Winding of the coil spring through an opening in the Connector receptacle secant the inside of the connector receptacle enforced. The plug pin is used during a plug-in process due to the secant winding pressed against an inner surface of the connector receptacle, so that in this way the desired electrical contact comes about.
  • a such electrical connector is preferred a household appliance such as a vacuum cleaner or one Food processor trained. With a vacuum cleaner, for example. to connect a separate electric drive having electric carpet brush.
  • the connector can be used as a control contact find application as main current contact.
  • the invention The connector system is also characterized by that the pin immersed in the spring to Entering the pen tip into the spring constriction, the Contact turn or the contact turns, no noteworthy Frictional resistance is opposed.
  • the electrical initial contact is in the area of English Spring windings of the insertion opening closed. When the contact turns are reached the actual electrical contact.
  • the spring is angled at this point. This then overlaps with that Spring coils located on the plug pin on the surface of the connector pin and form a total large contact area.
  • the low friction between the connector pin and the spring coils up to actual contacting keeps the wear during.
  • the necessary contact pressure between the coil spring and the connector pin is on the one hand between the the contact turn and up to a rear face remaining spring axially, and on the other hand by spring tipping and winding on the pin reached radially.
  • the English contact turns pull the insertion opening as the first or last contact Place the resulting rollover and Tear-off sparks when plugging and pulling under electrical Load on themselves and keep the actual contact area free from the scorch marks.
  • the degree of contact coverage as is the case with Plug systems specified according to the prior art can, with the connector system described here with to be equated to the plug guard between reaching the contact turn and the block state (Ossification) the between the contact turn and the remaining end face of the receiving chamber Residual spring is possible.
  • the typical mechanical properties the coil spring and the constructive design of the diameter of the receiving chamber, the receiving chamber and the spring insertion area allow feeding the round connector pin with a large angle error, radial and axial misalignment.
  • With appropriate Choice of spring material and correct dimensional coordination of the spring contact system remains the spring force the coil spring and thus the contact force itself extreme climatic conditions until the end of their service life of the connector system.
  • Bpsw. is the Contact turn at least in the second third of the coil spring trained, preferably also in the second half the coil spring. But it can also be an individual different arrangement can be made because of the position the contact winding in the course of the helical spring from the free pin length, the most dimensionally unfavorable tolerance chain between the pin tip and the contact turn and the design of the contact chamber and the position of the contact element is dependent.
  • the Coil spring itself can in the usual way from one Spring wire exist.
  • a front end of the connector pin can be designed in different ways. E.g. hemispherical.
  • a slightly conical shape is preferred Forming the front end of the connector pin.
  • the Coil spring overall suitably lies with one Preload in the connector receptacle or the receiving chamber a. This turns the coil spring into contact pressure a contact element on a rear face For example, as detailed below described, built to be a safe electrical To ensure contacting of the leading wire.
  • a connector pin When a connector pin is inserted it can be plugged in Dependence on the preload and the insertion pressure to lift the willow feather from the front Contact surface of the insertion opening of the receiving chamber come.
  • the coil spring lifts when it is pulled out of the connector pin not from the front contact surface on the contact element.
  • a wall of the reception chamber which is arranged to the side of the coil spring, preferably extends at a distance of at least about a diameter of a spring wire which one consists of the coil spring corresponds to the coil spring.
  • An outer diameter of the coil spring will surpass both sides by at least 0.5 mm. this applies bsw. for small pin diameters; the spring contact system can also be used with a different design will. This ensures that the coil spring a non-centered connector pin can dodge to avoid one too quickly increasing, wear-promoting frictional force.
  • a rear end of the coil spring is more preferred with connected a contact element that is under implementation through the receiving chamber in the radial direction electrical connection allows. Furthermore, the contact element also in the axial direction into the receiving chamber be fitted.
  • the Receiving chamber preferably designed open at the end.
  • the inserted contact part for example in the receiving chamber contact part inserted from behind, thus replacing the rear end face of the receiving chamber and offers the Coil spring the system at the spring end. At the same time this is good contact between the coil spring and reached the contact part.
  • the contact part can continue be provided with a crimp connection for immediate Crimp on a strand.
  • the helical spring is a spiral spring, which has some turns, the diameter of which is larger is as the outside diameter of the connector pin and which has further turns that opposite one another the outer diameter of the connector pin smaller diameter exhibit.
  • the Coil spring overall funnel-shaped.
  • an electrical connector 1 the there is a helical spring 2 and a plug pin 3.
  • the coil spring 2 and the plug pin 3 are electrical conductive.
  • An electrical circuit 4 can be inserted into the helical spring 2 getting closed.
  • the helical spring 2 mainly turns 5 having an equal (inner) main diameter. Furthermore, the helical spring 2 also has contact turns 6, one opposite the main diameter have smaller contact blades dk.
  • the main diameter ie is a little larger than an outer diameter d of the connector pin 3 while a contact diameter dk is smaller than the diameter d of the connector pin 3rd
  • Fig. 3 it can be seen that the coil spring 2 in a receiving chamber 7 is arranged.
  • the coil spring 2 is inserted into the receiving chamber 7 with prestress, so that they are on the front face 8 or rear end face 9 of the receiving chamber 7 with bias is present.
  • the concern on the rear face can by means of or on a contact element 10 be given, which is described in more detail below is.
  • the receiving chamber 7 can, for example, in the plastic injection molding process - If necessary in two parts to insert the Coil spring 2 - be made.
  • a front end of the coil spring 2 assigned an insertion funnel 12 which into a Insertion opening 13 opens.
  • the insertion opening 13 has about a diameter that is a major diameter ie corresponds to the turns 5.
  • Fig. 4 is the process of inserting a pin into the coil spring and the resulting contact state clarified in detail.
  • the plug pin 3 is inserted so far into the coil spring is that this is in any case in the area of their free end turns 5 ° (slightly) compress. Because of the geometry of the contact turns 6 is provided 4 introduced a pin between the longitudinal axis a "of the plug pin 3 and the central axis a 'of the - unaffected - coil spring a. Due to the given geometry, the dome-shaped Design of a tip of the connector pin in and of course extending obliquely to the central axis a ' Contact turns 6 still gives the essential Effect that the coil spring 2 bend is looking for.
  • a conductive connection between the coil spring 2 and a voltage source 14 (see FIG. 1) of the circuit 4 can in detail by the already mentioned Contact element 10 (see. Fig. 3) can be achieved.
  • This Contact element 10 has a platelet-shaped contact surface 14 through a radial opening 15 in the Receiving chamber 7 is inserted into this. she lies in front of the rear end wall 9 of the receiving chamber 7. Die Coil spring 2 is in - on the front - pressure system the plate 14. A spread-out latching foot 14 'of Contact element 10 can in a recess 16 Be receiving chamber 7 inserted.
  • Ben an embodiment of the electrical connector 6 is the coil spring as a spiral spring 22 trained. It tapers from a tallest Diameter D1 at its beginning to a smallest diameter D2 at its end.
  • the connector pin 3 is such inserted into the coil spring 22 that the larger Diameter of the coil of the coil spring 22 is not on the Pin 3, some of the smaller helix with a smaller diameter.

Landscapes

  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric plug connection (1) with a plug holder (7) and a pin (3), especially a round-section pin (3), in which the plug holder (7) has a holding compartment in which is an axially compressible coil spring (2) having individual turns (5, 6) with the turns (5) largely having the same main diameter (dh). In order to reduce wear to the minimum even with frequent plug-in cycles and also not to increase the plugging force excessively, the invention proposes that the main diameter (dh) be larger than the outside diameter (d) of the pin (3) and that one or a few of the contact windings (6) have a smaller contact diameter than the main diameter (dh) and than the outside diameter (d) of the pin (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Steckverbindung mit einer Steckeraufnahme und einem Steckerstift, insbesondere einem im Querschnitt runden Steckerstift, wobei die Steckeraufnahme eine Aufnahmekammer aufweist und in der Aufnahmekammer eine in Axialrichtung komprimierbare, einzelne Windungen aufweisende Wendelfeder angeordnet ist.The invention relates to an electrical connector with a connector receptacle and a connector pin, in particular a round plug in cross section, wherein the connector receptacle has a receiving chamber and in the receiving chamber has an axially compressible, single coil spring coil arranged is.

Eine derartige elektrische Steckverbindung ist aus WO-A-86/01645 in der Form bekannt, daß in Steckrichtung vor der Wendelfeder ein in der Aufnahmekammer axial verschiebbares Kontaktstück angeordnet ist, mit welchem der Steckerstift in stirnflächigen elektrischen Kontakt bei einem Einsteckvorgang tritt. Weiter ist es bekannt, eine rohrförmige Steckeraufnahme vorzusehen, auf welcher auf einer Außenfläche eine Wendelfeder aufgeschoben ist, wobei eine Windung der Wendelfeder durch einen Durchbruch in der Steckeraufnahme sekantenartig das Innere der Steckeraufnahme durchsetzt. Der Steckerstift wird bei einem Einsteckvorgang durch die sekantenartig verlaufende Windung gegen eine Innenfläche der Steckeraufnahme gedrückt, so daß auf diese Weise der gewünschte elektrische Kontakt zustande kommt.Such an electrical connector is from WO-A-86/01645 in the Form known that in the insertion direction in front of the coil spring a contact piece axially displaceable in the receiving chamber is arranged with which the connector pin in face electrical contact during insertion occurs. It is also known to be a tubular To provide plug receptacle on which on an outer surface a helical spring is pushed on, one Winding of the coil spring through an opening in the Connector receptacle secant the inside of the connector receptacle enforced. The plug pin is used during a plug-in process due to the secant winding pressed against an inner surface of the connector receptacle, so that in this way the desired electrical contact comes about.

Diese bekannten Steckverbindungen sind jeweils in verschiedener Hinsicht nicht zufriedenstellend. Im Hinblick auf das axial verschiebbare Kontaktstück kommt es zwischen dem Kontaktstück und dem Steckerstift nur auf einer vergleichsweise sehr geringen Fläche zu einem elektrischen Kontakt. Es ergeben sich aufgrund der kleinen, punktförmigen Kontaktierungsfläche ein relativ hoher Verschleiß an den Kontaktierungsflächen, da Überschlags- und Abreißfunken sich genau im Bereich dieser Flächen bilden. Bei der Version mit der sekantenartig verlaufenden Federwindung ergibt sich eine relativ hohe Reibung zwischen dem Steckerstift und der Innenfläche der Steckeraufnahme. Der Verschleiß ist dabei besonders groß, wenn unter elektrischer Belastung gesteckt und gezogen wird. Durch Abreiß- und Überschlagsfunkenbildung im Bereich der Kontaktierung wird der mechanische Verschleiß stark gefördert.These known plug connections are each in different Not satisfactory in terms. With regard it comes down to the axially displaceable contact piece between the contact piece and the connector pin only a comparatively very small area to one electrical contact. Because of the small, punctiform contact area a relative high wear on the contact surfaces, as rollover and tear-off sparks are exactly in the area of this Form surfaces. The secant version running spring turn results in a relatively high Friction between the connector pin and the inner surface the connector receptacle. The wear is special great when plugged in under electrical load and is pulled. Through tear-off and arcing spark in the area of contacting, the mechanical Wear greatly promoted.

Im Hinblick auf den vorstehend beschriebenen Stand der Technik wird eine technische Problematik der Erfindung darin gesehen, eine elektrische Steckverbindung anzugeben, bei welcher einerseits ein möglichst geringer Verschleiß auch bei hohen Steckzyklen auftritt, andererseits die Steckkraft nicht zu hoch wird, dies alles bei guter und zuverlässiger elektrischer Kontaktierung.In view of the state of the Technology becomes a technical problem of the invention seen in specifying an electrical connector, in which on the one hand the lowest possible wear occurs even with high mating cycles, on the other hand the insertion force does not become too high, all this with good and reliable electrical contact.

Diese technische Problematik ist zunächst und im wesentlichen beim Gegenstand des Anspruches 1 gelöst, wobei darauf abgestellt ist, daß der Hauptdurchmesser der Windungen größer ist als ein Außendurchmesser des Stekkerstiftes und daß eine oder wenige Kontaktwindungen einen gegenüber dem Hauptdurchmesser kleineren Kontaktdurchmesser aufweisen, der auch kleiner ist als der Außendurchmesser des Steckerstiftes. Erfindungsgemäß ist eine elektrische Steckverbindung unmittelbar durch Einstecken des Steckerstiftes in die Wendelfeder erreicht. Eine zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Kontaktierung ist hierbei überdies dadurch erzielt, daß im Verlauf der Wendelfeder eine programmierte Engstelle durch eine enger gelegte Windung vorgesehen ist. Aufgrund der gegebenen geometrischen Verhältnisse schiebt sich der Stackcrstift bei einem Einsteckvorgang zuverlässig in diese engere Windung, die Kontaktwindung, womit jedenfalls an dieser Stelle reproduzierbar der elektrische Kontakt gegeben ist. Bevorzugt ist auch vorgesehen, daß zufolge einer Zusammenwirkung zwischen einer solchen Kontaktwindung und einem vorderen Bereich des Steckerstiftes die weiteren Windungen der Wendelfeder in einem vorderen bereich der Wendelfeder in eine Kontaktanlage an den Steckerstift kommen. Dies stellt sich bspw. dann ein, wenn das vordere Ende des Steckerstiftes konisch oder kuppelförmig sich verjüngend ausgebildet ist. Durch die Zusammenwirkung mit der Kontaktwindung ergibt sich der Effekt, daß die Wendelfeder sich auszubiegen versucht. Dies führt im weiteren dazu, daß die in Steckrichtung zu der Kontaktwindung vorgelagerten Windungen der Wendelfeder sich einseitig an den Stecker anlegen. Im Ergebnis ist an einer Vielzahl von Stellen ein zuverlässiger elektrischer Kontakt zwischen dem Steckerstift und der Wendelfeder erreicht. Eine solche elektrische Steckverbindung ist bevorzugt an einem Haushaltsgerät wie einem Staubsauger oder einer Küchenmaschine ausgebildet. Bei einem Staubsauger bspw. zum Anschluß einer einen eigenen elektrischen Antrieb aufweisenden Elektroteppichbürste. Bezüglich eines praktischen Anwendungsfalls ist auch bspw. auf die Gm.-Anmeldung 93 18 460.3 der Anmelderin zu verweisen. Die Steckverbindung kann sowohl als Steuerkontakt wie als Hauptstromkontakt Anwendung finden. Das erfindungsgemäße Steckersystem zeichnet sich auch dadurch aus, daß dem in die Feder eintauchenden Steckerstift bis zum Eintreten der Stiftspitze in die Federeinengung, die Kontaktwindung bzw. die Kontaktwindungen, kein nennenswerter Reibungswiderstand entgegengesetzt wird. Die elektrische Erstkontaktierung wird im Bereich der engliegenden Federwindungen der Einführungsöffnung geschlossen. Mit dem Erreichen der Kontaktwindungen beginnt die eigentliche elektrische Kontaktierung. Durch die sich zwischen Feder und der Spitze des Steckerstiftes aufbauende Kraft auf einen außermittigen Punkt der Feder wird die Feder um diesen Punkt kippend abgewinkelt. Dadurch legen sich dann in Überdeckung zu dem Steckerstift befindlichen Federwindungen auf die Oberfläche des Steckerstiftes und bilden insgesamt eine große Kontaktierungsfläche. Die geringe Reibung zwischen dem Steckerstift und den Federwindungen bis zur eigentlichen Kontaktierung hält den Verschleiß during. Der notwendige Kontaktdruck zwischen der Wendelfeder und dem Steckerstift wird einerseits von der zwischen der Kontaktwindung und der bis zu einer hinteren Stirnfläche verbleibenden Restfeder axial, und andererseits durch Federabkippen und Windungsanlegen an den Stift radial erreicht. Die engliegenden Kontaktwindungen an der Einführungsöffnung ziehen als erst- bzw. letztkontaktierende Stelle die entstehenden Überschlags- und Abreißfunken beim Stecken und Ziehen unter elektrischer Belastung auf sich und halten den eigentlichen Kontaktierungsbereich frei von den dabei entstehenden Abbrandspuren. Das Maß der Kontaktüberdeckung, wie es bei Stecksystemen gemäß dem Stand der Technik angegeben wird, kann bei dem hier beschriebenen Steckersystem mit dem Steckervorschuh gleichgesetzt werden, der zwischen dem Erreichen der Kontaktwindung und dem Blockzustand (Knöcherung) der zwischen der Kontaktwindung und der hinteren Stirnfläche der Aufnahmekammer verbleibenden Restfeder möglich ist. Die typischen mechanischen Eigenschaften der Wendelfeder und die konstruktive Auslegung des Durchmessers der Aufnahmekammer, der Aufnahmekammer und des Federeinführungsbereiches, erlauben eine Zuführung des runden Steckerstiftes unter großem Winkelfehler, radialem und axialem Versatz. Bei entsprechender Wahl des Federwerkstoffes und korrekter maßlichen Abstimmung des Federkontaktsystems bleibt die Federkraft der Wendelfeder und damit die Kontaktkraft selbst bei extremen klimatischen bedingungen bis zum Lebensdauerende des Steckersystem erhalten. Weiter schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß die Kontaktwindung in Einsteckrichtung des Steckerstiften zu einem hinteren Bereich der Wendelfeder versetzt angeordnet ist. Bpsw. ist die Kontaktwindung mindestens im zweiten Drittel der Wendelfeder ausgebildet, bevorzugt auch in der zweiten Hälfte der Wendelfeder. Es kann aber auch im Einzelfall eine andere Anordnung vorgenommen werden, da die Position der Kontaktwindung im Verlauf der Wendelfeder von der freien Stiftlänge, der maßlichen ungünstigsten Toleranzkette zwischen der Steckerstiftspitze und der Kontaktwindung sowie von der Ausgestaltung der Kontaktkammer und der Position des Kontatelementes abhängig ist. Die Wendelfeder selbst kann in üblicher Weise aus einem Federdraht bestehen. Ein vorderes Ende des Steckerstiftes kann verschiedenartig ausgebildet sein. Bspw. halbkugelförmig. Bevorzugt ist eine leicht konusförmige Ausbildung des vorderen Endes des Steckerstiftes. Die Wendelfeder insgesamt liegt geeigneterweise mit einer Vorspannung in der Steckeraufnahme bzw. der Aufnahmekammer ein. Damit wird ein Kontaktdruck der Wendelfeder zu einem Kontaktelement, das an einer hinteren Stirnfläche bspw. einliegt, wie weiter unten noch im einzelnen beschrieben, aufgebaut, um eine sichere elektrische Kontaktierung der wegführenden Litze zu gewährleisten. Wenn ein Steckerstift eingesteckt wird kann es, in Abhängigkeit von der Vorspannung und dem Einsteckdruck zu einem Abheben der Weidelfeder von der stirnseitigen Anlagefläche der Einführungsöffnung der Aufnahmekammer kommen. Hingegen hebt die Wendelfeder beim Herausziehen des Steckerstiftes nicht von der stirnseitigen Anlagefläche am Kontaktelement ab. Eine Wandung der Aufnahmekammer, die seitlich zu der Wendelfeder angeordnet ist, erstreckt sich bevorzugt mit einem Abstand, der mindestens etwa einem Durchmesser eines Federdrahtes, aus welchem die Wendelfeder besteht, entspricht zu der Wendelfeder. Ein Außendurchmesser der Wendelfeder wird beidseitig um mindestens 0,5 mm übertroffnen. Dies gilt bsw. für kleine Stiftdurchmesser; das Federkontaktsystem kann aber auch bei abweichender Auslegung eingesetzt werden. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß die Wendelfeder einem nicht zentriert herangeführten Steckerstift ausweichen kann, zur Vermeidung einer zu schnell ansteigenden, verschleißfördernden Reibungskraft. Ein hintere Ende der Wendelfeder ist weiter bevorzugt mit einem Kontaktelement verbunden, das unter Durchführung durch die Aufnahmekammer in radialer Richtung einen elektrischen Anschluß ermöglicht. Weiter kann das Kontaktelement auch in axialer Richtung in die Aufnahmekammer eingepaßt sein. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Aufnahmekammer bevorzugt endseitig offen gestaltet. Das eingesetzte Kontaktteil, bspw. in der Aufnahmekammer von hinten eingesetzte Kontaktteil, ersetzt so die hintere Stirnfläche der Aufnahmekammer und bietet der Wendelfeder die Anlage am Federende. Zugleich ist hierdurch eine gute Kontaktierung zwischen der Wendelfeder und dem Kontaktteil erreicht. Weiter kann das Kontaktteil mit einem Crimpanschluß versehen sein, zum unmittelbaren Ancrimpen einer Litze.This technical problem is first and foremost solved in the subject matter of claim 1, wherein is based on the fact that the main diameter of the Turns is larger than an outer diameter of the plug pin and that one or a few contact turns a smaller contact diameter compared to the main diameter have, which is also smaller than that Outside diameter of the connector pin. According to the invention is an electrical connector directly through Inserted the connector pin into the coil spring. Reliable and reproducible contacting is also achieved in that in Direction of the helical spring a programmed constriction is provided by a narrower turn. Because of given the geometric relationships the stacking pin is reliable during a plug-in process into this closer turn, the contact turn, which is at any rate reproducible at this point electrical contact is given. It is also preferred provided that, as a result of an interaction between such a contact turn and a front area the other turns of the coil spring in a front area of the coil spring into a Contact system come to the connector pin. This poses For example, when the front end of the connector pin tapered or dome-shaped is. By interacting with the contact turn there is the effect that the coil spring tried to bend. This further leads to that the upstream in the direction of the contact turn Windings of the helical spring on one side Put on the plug. The result is a variety of Establish a reliable electrical contact between reached the plug pin and the coil spring. A such electrical connector is preferred a household appliance such as a vacuum cleaner or one Food processor trained. With a vacuum cleaner, for example. to connect a separate electric drive having electric carpet brush. Regarding one practical application is also, for example Gm. Application 93 18 460.3 to refer to the applicant. The connector can be used as a control contact find application as main current contact. The invention The connector system is also characterized by that the pin immersed in the spring to Entering the pen tip into the spring constriction, the Contact turn or the contact turns, no noteworthy Frictional resistance is opposed. The electrical initial contact is in the area of English Spring windings of the insertion opening closed. When the contact turns are reached the actual electrical contact. By which is between the spring and the tip of the connector pin building force on an eccentric point of Spring, the spring is angled at this point. This then overlaps with that Spring coils located on the plug pin on the surface of the connector pin and form a total large contact area. The low friction between the connector pin and the spring coils up to actual contacting keeps the wear during. The necessary contact pressure between the coil spring and the connector pin is on the one hand between the the contact turn and up to a rear face remaining spring axially, and on the other hand by spring tipping and winding on the pin reached radially. The English contact turns pull the insertion opening as the first or last contact Place the resulting rollover and Tear-off sparks when plugging and pulling under electrical Load on themselves and keep the actual contact area free from the scorch marks. The degree of contact coverage, as is the case with Plug systems specified according to the prior art can, with the connector system described here with to be equated to the plug guard between reaching the contact turn and the block state (Ossification) the between the contact turn and the remaining end face of the receiving chamber Residual spring is possible. The typical mechanical properties the coil spring and the constructive design of the diameter of the receiving chamber, the receiving chamber and the spring insertion area allow feeding the round connector pin with a large angle error, radial and axial misalignment. With appropriate Choice of spring material and correct dimensional coordination of the spring contact system remains the spring force the coil spring and thus the contact force itself extreme climatic conditions until the end of their service life of the connector system. The strikes further Invention before that the contact turn in the insertion direction of the connector pins to a rear area of the Coil spring is arranged offset. Bpsw. is the Contact turn at least in the second third of the coil spring trained, preferably also in the second half the coil spring. But it can also be an individual different arrangement can be made because of the position the contact winding in the course of the helical spring from the free pin length, the most dimensionally unfavorable tolerance chain between the pin tip and the contact turn and the design of the contact chamber and the position of the contact element is dependent. The Coil spring itself can in the usual way from one Spring wire exist. A front end of the connector pin can be designed in different ways. E.g. hemispherical. A slightly conical shape is preferred Forming the front end of the connector pin. The Coil spring overall suitably lies with one Preload in the connector receptacle or the receiving chamber a. This turns the coil spring into contact pressure a contact element on a rear face For example, as detailed below described, built to be a safe electrical To ensure contacting of the leading wire. When a connector pin is inserted it can be plugged in Dependence on the preload and the insertion pressure to lift the willow feather from the front Contact surface of the insertion opening of the receiving chamber come. On the other hand, the coil spring lifts when it is pulled out of the connector pin not from the front contact surface on the contact element. A wall of the reception chamber, which is arranged to the side of the coil spring, preferably extends at a distance of at least about a diameter of a spring wire which one consists of the coil spring corresponds to the coil spring. An outer diameter of the coil spring will surpass both sides by at least 0.5 mm. this applies bsw. for small pin diameters; the spring contact system can also be used with a different design will. This ensures that the coil spring a non-centered connector pin can dodge to avoid one too quickly increasing, wear-promoting frictional force. A rear end of the coil spring is more preferred with connected a contact element that is under implementation through the receiving chamber in the radial direction electrical connection allows. Furthermore, the contact element also in the axial direction into the receiving chamber be fitted. In this embodiment, the Receiving chamber preferably designed open at the end. The inserted contact part, for example in the receiving chamber contact part inserted from behind, thus replacing the rear end face of the receiving chamber and offers the Coil spring the system at the spring end. At the same time this is good contact between the coil spring and reached the contact part. The contact part can continue be provided with a crimp connection for immediate Crimp on a strand.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Wendelfeder eine Spiralfeder ist, die einige Windungen aufweist, deren Durchmesser größer ist als der Außendurchmesser des Steckerstiftes und welcher weitere Windungen aufweist, die einen gegenüber dem Außendurchmesser des Steckerstiftes kleineren Durchmesser aufweisen. Bei dieser Ausführungform ist die Wendelfeder also insgesamt trichterartig ausgebildet. Auch hier kommnt es zu einer Kontaktanlage wischen dem Steckerstift und den Windungen, deren Durchmesser gleich oder kleiner als ein Außendurchmesser des Stekkerstiftes ist, wobei die Kontaktanlage hier über zwei, drei Windungen etwa sich erstrecken kann. Durch eine entsprechende geometrische Auslegung der Wendelfeder und der Länge des Steckerstiftes ist sichergestellt, daß bei einem Einsteckvorgang der Steckerstift so weit in die Wendelfeder eingesteckt wird, daß das vordere Ende im der angesprochenen Weise mit den engeren Windungen, den Kontaktwindungen, in Kontakt kommt. Die Spiralfeder ist weiter auch bevorzugt radial ausweichber in der Steckeraufnahme angeordnet. Another object of the invention stands out characterized in that the helical spring is a spiral spring, which has some turns, the diameter of which is larger is as the outside diameter of the connector pin and which has further turns that opposite one another the outer diameter of the connector pin smaller diameter exhibit. In this embodiment, the Coil spring overall funnel-shaped. Here, too, there is a contact system between the Connector pin and the turns, their diameter equal to or smaller than an outer diameter of the plug pin is, the contact system here over two, three turns can extend approximately. By a corresponding geometric design of the helical spring and the length of the connector pin is ensured that when inserting the plug pin so far into the coil spring is inserted that the front end in the addressed Way with the narrower turns, the contact turns, comes into contact. The coil spring is wider also preferably radially evasive in the connector receptacle arranged.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung des weiteren anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung, die jedoch lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellt, erläutert. Hierbei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine prinzipielle Darstellung eines in eine Wendelfeder eingeführten Steckerstiftes mit elektrischem kontakt;
Fig. 2
die Wendelfeder gemäß Fig. 1 in Einzeldastel-lung;
Fig. 3
die Wendelfeder gemäß Fig. 2 aufgenommen in eine Aufnahmekammmer;
Fig. 4
Darstellung eines Einsteckvorgangs des Steckerstiftes in die Wendelfeder;
Fig. 5
eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 3, mit alternativen Kontaktelement;
Fig. 6
eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes gemäß Fig. 3;
The invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing, which, however, only represents exemplary embodiments. Here shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a plug inserted into a helical spring with electrical contact;
Fig. 2
the helical spring according to FIG. 1 in individual setting;
Fig. 3
the helical spring according to Figure 2 received in a receiving chamber.
Fig. 4
Representation of an insertion process of the connector pin in the coil spring;
Fig. 5
a representation of Figure 3, with alternative contact element.
Fig. 6
an alternative embodiment of the object according to FIG. 3;

Dargestellt und beschrieben ist, zunächst mit bezug zu Fig. 1, eine elektrische Steckverbindung 1, die aus einer Wendelfeder 2 und einem Stecketstift 3 besteht. Die Wendelfeder 2 und der Steckerstift 3 sind elektrisch leitfähig. Durch Einstecken des Steckerstiftes 3 in die Wendelfeder 2 kann ein elektrischer Stromkreis 4 geschlossen werden.Is shown and described, initially with reference to Fig. 1, an electrical connector 1, the there is a helical spring 2 and a plug pin 3. The coil spring 2 and the plug pin 3 are electrical conductive. By inserting the plug pin 3 An electrical circuit 4 can be inserted into the helical spring 2 getting closed.

Wesentlich ist, daß die Wendelfeder 2, wie sich auch insbesondere aus Fig. 2 ergibt, überwiegend Windungen 5 eines gleichen (inneren) Hauptdurchmessers dh aufweist. Weiter weist die Wendelfeder 2 aber auch Kontaktwindungen 6 auf, die einen gegenüber dem Hauptdurchmesser kleineren Kontaktmesser dk aufweisen. Der Hauptdurchmesser dh ist um ein weniges größer als ein Außendurchmesser d des Steckerstiftes 3, während ein Kontaktdurchmesser dk kleiner ist als der Durchmesser d des Steckerstiftes 3.It is essential that the helical spring 2, as well 2, mainly turns 5 having an equal (inner) main diameter. Furthermore, the helical spring 2 also has contact turns 6, one opposite the main diameter have smaller contact blades dk. The main diameter ie is a little larger than an outer diameter d of the connector pin 3 while a contact diameter dk is smaller than the diameter d of the connector pin 3rd

Aus Fig. 3 ist ersichtlich, daß die Wendelfeder 2 in einer Aufnahmekammer 7 angeordnet ist. Die Wendelfeder 2 ist in die Aufnahmekammer 7 mit Vorspannung eingelegt, so daß sie an der vorderen Stirnfläche 8 bzw. der hinteren Stirnfläche 9 der Aufnahmekammer 7 mit Vorspannung anliegt. Das Anliegen an der hinteren Stirnfläche kann vermittels eines bzw. auf einem Kontaktelement 10 gegeben sein, das nachstehend noch näher beschrieben ist.From Fig. 3 it can be seen that the coil spring 2 in a receiving chamber 7 is arranged. The coil spring 2 is inserted into the receiving chamber 7 with prestress, so that they are on the front face 8 or rear end face 9 of the receiving chamber 7 with bias is present. The concern on the rear face can by means of or on a contact element 10 be given, which is described in more detail below is.

Weiter ist von Bedeutung, daß die Wendelfeder 2 derart in die Aufnahmekammer 7 engelegt ist, daß sich zu einer Seitenwand 11 der Aufnahmekammer 7 ein radialer Freistand a ergibt.It is also important that the coil spring 2 such is placed in the receiving chamber 7 that to a side wall 11 of the receiving chamber 7 a radial Free state a results.

Die Aufnahmekammer 7 kann bspw. im Kunststoffspritzverfahren - gegebenenfalls zweiteilig zum Einlegen der Wendelfeder 2 - hergestellt sein. Außenseitig besitzt die Aufnahmekammer 7, einem vorderen Ende dei Wendelfeder 2 zugeordnet, einen Einführtrichter 12, der in eine Einführöffnung 13 mündet. Die Einführöffnung 13 besitzt etwa einen Durchmesser, der einem Hauptdurchmesser dh der Windungen 5 entspricht.The receiving chamber 7 can, for example, in the plastic injection molding process - If necessary in two parts to insert the Coil spring 2 - be made. Has on the outside the receiving chamber 7, a front end of the coil spring 2 assigned an insertion funnel 12 which into a Insertion opening 13 opens. The insertion opening 13 has about a diameter that is a major diameter ie corresponds to the turns 5.

In Fig. 4 ist der Vorgang beim Einstecken eines Steckstiftes in die Wendelfeder und der sich ergebende Kontaktzustand im einzelnen verdeutlicht.In Fig. 4 is the process of inserting a pin into the coil spring and the resulting contact state clarified in detail.

Aus der oberen Darstellung ist zunächst ersichtlich, daß der Steckerstift 3 so weit in die Wendelfeder eingesteckt wird, daß diese sich jedenfalls im Bereich ihrer freien Endwindungen 5° (etwas) zusammendrückt. Aufgrund der Geometrie der Kontaktwindungen 6 stellt sich bei eingeführtem Steckerstift 3 gemäß Fig. 4 eine Versetzung zwischen der Längsachse a" des Steckerstiftes 3 und der Mittelachse a' der - unbeeinflußten - Wendelfeder ein. Aufgrund der gegebenen Geometrie, der kuppelförmigen Ausgestaltung einer Spitze des Steckerstiftes im und der naturgemäß schräg zur Mittelachse a' verlaufenden Kontaktwindungen 6 ergibt sich noch der wesentliche Effekt, daß die Wendelfeder 2 sich auszubiegen sucht. Diese Ausbiegung kann aber nur zu einem geringen Ausmaß erfolgen, was dazu führt, daß die Mittelachse a' der Wendelfeder 2 verschoben wird und hierdurch auch einen Vielzahl von Hauptwindungen 5, die in Überdeckung zu dem Steckerstift 3 sind, einseitig, bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform in ihrem unteren Bereich, zur Anlage an den Steckerstift 3 kommen. Insgesamt sind damit eine Vielzahl von Windungen, sowohl die Kontaktwindungen 6 wie auch Hauptwindungen 5, in elektrischem Kontakt zu dem Steckerstift 3. Es ist eine sehr gute Kontaktierung sichergestellt.From the illustration above it can be seen at first that the plug pin 3 is inserted so far into the coil spring is that this is in any case in the area of their free end turns 5 ° (slightly) compress. Because of the geometry of the contact turns 6 is provided 4 introduced a pin between the longitudinal axis a "of the plug pin 3 and the central axis a 'of the - unaffected - coil spring a. Due to the given geometry, the dome-shaped Design of a tip of the connector pin in and of course extending obliquely to the central axis a ' Contact turns 6 still gives the essential Effect that the coil spring 2 bend is looking for. However, this deflection can only be minimal Extent, which means that the central axis a ' the coil spring 2 is shifted and thereby a large number of main windings 5, which overlap are to the connector pin 3, one-sided, in the illustrated Embodiment in its lower area, for Come to the connector pin 3. Overall are hence a large number of turns, both the contact turns 6 as well as main windings 5, in electrical Contact to the connector pin 3. It is a very good one Contacting ensured.

Eine leitende Verbindung zwischen der Wendelfeder 2 und einer Spannungsquelle 14 (vgl. Fig. 1) des Stromkreises 4 kann im einzelnen durch das bereits angesprochene Kontaktelement 10 (vgl. Fig. 3) erreicht werden. Dieses Kontaktelement 10 besitzt eine plättchenförmige Kontaktfläche 14, die durch eine radiale Öffnung 15 in der Aufnahmekammer 7 in diese hineingesteckt ist. Sie liegt vor der hinteren Stirnwand 9 der Aufnahmekammer 7. Die Wendelfeder 2 ist in - vorderseitiger - Druckanlage auf das Plättchen 14. Ein abgespreizter Rastfuß 14' des Kontaktelementes 10 kann in eine Ausnehmung 16 der Aufnahmekammer 7 eingelegt sein.A conductive connection between the coil spring 2 and a voltage source 14 (see FIG. 1) of the circuit 4 can in detail by the already mentioned Contact element 10 (see. Fig. 3) can be achieved. This Contact element 10 has a platelet-shaped contact surface 14 through a radial opening 15 in the Receiving chamber 7 is inserted into this. she lies in front of the rear end wall 9 of the receiving chamber 7. Die Coil spring 2 is in - on the front - pressure system the plate 14. A spread-out latching foot 14 'of Contact element 10 can in a recess 16 Be receiving chamber 7 inserted.

Bei der Ausführungsform der Fig. 5 ist alternativ ein Kontaktelement 18 vorgesehen, das abgespreizte Rastfüße 19 aufweist, die sich in entsprechenden Aussparungen der Innenwandung der Aufnahmekamrner 7 abstützen. Durch die Vorspannung der Wendelfeder 2 ist so eine gesicherte Lage des Kontaktelementes 18 gegeben. Zusätzlich kann noch eine Einbaubegrenzung durch eine stirnflächige Stufe 21 der Aufnahmekammer 7 vorgesehen sein. Auch an das Kontaktelement 18 schließt sich eine Crimpverbindungsstelle 20 an, in welcher in gleicher Weise eine Litze 17 crimpverbunden sein kann. Das Kontaktelement 18 ist insgesamt in seinem Querschnitt an den Innenquerschnitt der Aufnahmekammer 7 angepaßt ausgebildet, also bspw. kreisförmig.5 is alternatively one Contact element 18 provided, the spread locking feet 19, which is in corresponding recesses support the inner wall of the receiving chamber 7. By the bias of the coil spring 2 is secured Position of the contact element 18 given. In addition can still be limited by an end face Level 21 of the receiving chamber 7 may be provided. A crimp connection point also adjoins the contact element 18 20 in which in the same way a strand 17 can be crimp-connected. The contact element 18 is in its cross section to the Internal cross-section of the receiving chamber 7 is adapted, for example circular.

Ben einer Ausführungsform der elektrischen Steckverbindung gemäß Fig. 6 ist die Wendelfeder als Spiralfeder 22 ausgebildet. Sie verjüngt sich von einem größten Durchmesser D1 an ihrem Anfang zu einem kleinsten Durchmesser D2 an ihrem Ende. Der Steckerstift 3 ist derart in die Spiralfeder 22 eingeführt, daß die größeren Durchmesser der Wendel der Spiralfeder 22 nicht an dem Steckerstift 3 anliegen, einige der kleineren Wendel mit kleinerem Durchmesser jedoch anliegen.Ben an embodiment of the electrical connector 6 is the coil spring as a spiral spring 22 trained. It tapers from a tallest Diameter D1 at its beginning to a smallest diameter D2 at its end. The connector pin 3 is such inserted into the coil spring 22 that the larger Diameter of the coil of the coil spring 22 is not on the Pin 3, some of the smaller helix with a smaller diameter.

Claims (10)

  1. Electrical plug connection (1) with a socket (7) and a plug pin (3), particularly a plug pin (3) which is round in cross-section, the socket (7) having a receiving chamber, and there being located in the receiving chamber a coiled spring (2) which is compressible in an axial direction and has individual windings (5,6), the windings (5) predominantly having an identical main diameter (dh), characterised in that the main diameter (dh) is greater than an outer diameter (d) of the plug pin (3), and in that one or a few contact windings (6) have a contact diameter (dk) smaller in relation to the main diameter (dh), and which is also smaller than the outer diameter (d) of the plug pin (3).
  2. Electrical plug connection (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that as a consequence of an interplay between a contact winding (6) and a forward area of the plug pin (3), the windings (5) come into a contact position on the plug pin (3) in a forward area of the coiled spring (2).
  3. Electrical plug connection (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the contact winding (6), in the insertion direction of the plug pin (3), is offset to a rear area of the coiled spring (3).
  4. Electrical plug connection (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that a forward end of the plug pin (3) is conical in form.
  5. Electrical plug connection (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the coiled spring (2) lies in the receiving chamber (7) with a bias tension.
  6. Electrical plug connection (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the coiled spring (2) abuts only on the end face in the receiving chamber (7).
  7. Electrical plug connection (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that a wall of the receiving chamber (7) is located at a spacing (a) located laterally to the coiled spring (2), said spacing corresponding at least roughly to a diameter of the spring wire of which the coiled spring (2) consists.
  8. Electrical plug connection (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that a rear end of the coiled spring (2) is connected to a contact member (10) which, passed through the plug receiving chamber (7), enables an electrical connection in the radial direction.
  9. Electrical plug connection (1) with a socket (7) and a plug pin (3), particularly a plug pin (3) with a round cross-section, the socket (7) having a receiving chamber and a coiled spring (2), compressible in the axial direction and having individual windings (5), being located in the receiving chamber, characterised in that the coiled spring is a spiral spring (22), which has some windings whose diameter is greater than an outer diameter of the plug pin (3), and which has further windings, which have a smaller diameter in relation to the outer diameter of the plug pin (3).
  10. Electrical plug connection (1) according to claim 9, characterised in that the spiral spring (22) is disposed in the socket (7) so as to yield radially.
EP95924279A 1994-06-29 1995-06-19 Electric plug connection Expired - Lifetime EP0767978B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97119582A EP0836245B1 (en) 1994-06-29 1995-06-19 Electrical plug connector

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4422437 1994-06-29
DE4422437 1994-06-29
DE4433657 1994-09-21
DE4433657 1994-09-21
DE4441303A DE4441303A1 (en) 1994-06-29 1994-11-21 Electrical connector
DE4441303 1994-11-21
PCT/EP1995/002364 WO1996000994A1 (en) 1994-06-29 1995-06-19 Electric plug connection

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP97119582A Division EP0836245B1 (en) 1994-06-29 1995-06-19 Electrical plug connector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0767978A1 EP0767978A1 (en) 1997-04-16
EP0767978B1 true EP0767978B1 (en) 1998-10-28

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US (2) US5906520A (en)
EP (1) EP0767978B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3560615B2 (en)
CN (2) CN1119843C (en)
AT (2) ATE172817T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2885395A (en)
CZ (2) CZ286008B6 (en)
DK (1) DK0767978T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2123260T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1000645A1 (en)
PL (1) PL177680B1 (en)
PT (1) PT836245E (en)
SK (2) SK282667B6 (en)
WO (1) WO1996000994A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1119843C (en) 2003-08-27
PL317990A1 (en) 1997-05-12
WO1996000994A1 (en) 1996-01-11
CZ374596A3 (en) 1997-06-11
AU2885395A (en) 1996-01-25
CN1154763A (en) 1997-07-16
CN1198365C (en) 2005-04-20
PL177680B1 (en) 1999-12-31
SK282667B6 (en) 2002-11-06
EP0767978A1 (en) 1997-04-16
DK0767978T3 (en) 1999-07-12
ATE172817T1 (en) 1998-11-15
JPH10502211A (en) 1998-02-24
HK1000645A1 (en) 2003-11-21
JP3560615B2 (en) 2004-09-02
ES2123260T3 (en) 1999-01-01
US6086432A (en) 2000-07-11
ES2188851T3 (en) 2003-07-01
CZ286008B6 (en) 1999-12-15
PT836245E (en) 2003-07-31
SK282668B6 (en) 2002-11-06
CN1389960A (en) 2003-01-08
CZ288203B6 (en) 2001-05-16
ATE233964T1 (en) 2003-03-15
SK167796A3 (en) 1997-06-04
US5906520A (en) 1999-05-25

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