EP0767354B1 - Heat exchanger, more particularly supercharge air cooler for automotive vehicle - Google Patents
Heat exchanger, more particularly supercharge air cooler for automotive vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0767354B1 EP0767354B1 EP96115937A EP96115937A EP0767354B1 EP 0767354 B1 EP0767354 B1 EP 0767354B1 EP 96115937 A EP96115937 A EP 96115937A EP 96115937 A EP96115937 A EP 96115937A EP 0767354 B1 EP0767354 B1 EP 0767354B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- collar
- heat exchanger
- header
- wall
- exchanger according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
- F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger which can be produced in particular in the form of an air radiator of supercharging for a motor vehicle.
- the heat exchanger of the invention is of the type describes in the preamble of claim 1.
- the header plate is capped by a manifold so as to provide a clean room to be traversed by a fluid which also circulates in the bundle tubes.
- the tubes are traversed by a fluid which can undergo temperature differences important which therefore lead to differences significant dilation.
- the collar is connected to the rest of the collector plate by a region where the wall of the collector plate is thinned, which allows a deformation of the wall and, by Consequently, an axial clearance of the collar.
- the collar follows the movement of the end of the tube as a function of differences in thermal expansion.
- the collar is attached to the wall of the tube by a part which, in cross section, has a swan neck configuration.
- This neck portion of swan ends with a lip leaning against at least an annular bead formed on the wall of the tube.
- the invention provides a heat exchanger of the aforementioned type which offers a better aptitude for deformation under the effect of differences in expansion and which also does not require tubes with bosses.
- each collar is attached to the rest of the collector plate by an annular fold having substantially a U-shaped section and having a branch which constitutes the collar and another branch which constitutes a connecting branch, and localized thinning is carried out in this branch of attachment.
- this thinning localized is carried out by stamping or removal of material, either on one face of the wall of the collector plate, either on both sides of the plate wall collector.
- the invention applies in particular to a heat exchanger heat in which the header plate and tubes are in aluminium.
- the collar has an elongated shape suitable for receiving a tube flat
- localized thinning is carried out in a region elongated, homologous to that of the collar.
- the heat exchanger of the invention is particularly achievable as a charge air radiator intended to cool an air flow feeding a motor turbocharged.
- the heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes a collecting plate 10 which has a shaped core 12 general rectangular with two longitudinal edges 14 folded back substantially at right angles, to allow the header plate 10 to be capped by a box wall collector (not shown) and delimit a clean room to be traversed by a fluid.
- the collecting plate 10 has a metal wall 16, for example aluminum, which is stamped to form the core 12 and the longitudinal edges 14.
- a plurality of holes 18 which, in the example, have an oblong shape substantially rectangular whose length extends transversely to the core 12, that is to say perpendicular to the edges longitudinal 14.
- the holes 18 are arranged in a single row and are regularly spaced between them.
- Each hole 18 is suitable for receiving one end 20 of a tube 22, in the example a "flat tube", which has a external section adapted to that of the internal section of the hole 18.
- the tubes 22 are metallic, for example aluminum, and their ends 20 are intended to be connected by brazing to the wall 16 of the collector plate 10.
- each hole 18 is bordered by a collar 24 obtained by deformation of the wall 16. This collar extends over an axial length greater than the thickness of the wall 16 to allow a better connection by brazing between the end of the tube and the collector plate.
- tubes 22 are traversed by an air flow which can undergo variations in significant temperatures, where it results in variations in expansion of the tube which can cause stress at the level of the solder connection between the end of the tube and the matching collar.
- the invention provides means to allow movement of the collar relative to the core 12 of the collector plate.
- each collar 24 is attached to the core 12, that is to say to the rest of the collector plate 10, by a fold annular 26 which has a contour homologous to that of the collar and which has, in section, substantially the shape of a U.
- This U has a first branch which constitutes the collar and another branch 28 which constitutes a connecting branch to the core 12.
- This branch 28 has a thinning located A at which the thickness of the wall of the plate is weaker than at the level of the core 12.
- this thinning localized is obtained by stamping or removing material from the outer face 30 of the plate collector 10, while its inner face 32 has not undergone material removal.
- the only difference is that the thinning A has a reduced thickness.
- the collet 24 may struggle, in the direction of arrow F, relative to the core 12 due to the thinning A made in the thickness of the wall and in a region ring surrounding the collar.
- solder connection (not shown) between the end 20 of the tube and the collar 24 will not undergo stresses likely to cause cracking or solder break.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur pouvant être réalisé en particulier sous la forme d'un radiateur d'air de suralimentation pour véhicule automobile.The invention relates to a heat exchanger which can be produced in particular in the form of an air radiator of supercharging for a motor vehicle.
L'échangeur de chaleur de l'invention est du type décrit dans le préambule de la revendication 1.The heat exchanger of the invention is of the type describes in the preamble of claim 1.
Dans les échangeurs de chaleur de ce type, la plaque collectrice est coiffée par une boíte collectrice de manière à fournir une chambre propre à être parcourue par un fluide qui circule également dans les tubes du faisceau.In heat exchangers of this type, the header plate is capped by a manifold so as to provide a clean room to be traversed by a fluid which also circulates in the bundle tubes.
Habituellement, on prévoit deux boítes collectrices respectivement aux deux extrémités du faisceau de tubes.Usually two collector boxes are provided respectively at both ends of the tube bundle.
Pour certains types d'échangeurs de chaleur, notamment dans le cas de radiateurs d'air de suralimentation, les tubes sont parcourus par un fluide qui peut subir des écarts de température importants qui entraínent par conséquent des différences de dilatation importantes.For certain types of heat exchangers, especially in in the case of charge air radiators, the tubes are traversed by a fluid which can undergo temperature differences important which therefore lead to differences significant dilation.
Ces différences de dilatation peuvent engendrer des contraintes au niveau de la liaison par brasage entre les extrémités des tubes et la plaque collectrice. Ces contraintes peuvent même engendrer une rupture de la liaison, d'où un risque de fuites.These differences in expansion can create constraints at the solder connection between the ends tubes and the collector plate. These constraints can even cause a break in the connection, hence a risk of leaks.
On connaít d'après GB-A-845 794 un échangeur de chaleur du type défini en introduction, dans lequel la paroi de la plaque collectrice présente un amincissement localisé dans une région annulaire entourant chaque collet et présentant une forme homologue de celle du collet pour permettre un débattement axial du collet par rapport au reste de la plaque collectrice sous l'effet des variations de longueur du tube par suite de différences de dilatation thermique.We know from GB-A-845 794 a heat exchanger of type defined in the introduction, in which the wall of the collector plate has localized thinning in an annular region surrounding each collar and having a shape homologous to that of the collar to allow a axial clearance of the collar relative to the rest of the plate collector due to variations in tube length due to differences in thermal expansion.
Ainsi, le collet est raccordé au reste de la plaque collectrice par une région où la paroi de la plaque collectrice est amincie, ce qui permet une déformation de la paroi et, par conséquent, un débattement axial du collet.Thus, the collar is connected to the rest of the collector plate by a region where the wall of the collector plate is thinned, which allows a deformation of the wall and, by Consequently, an axial clearance of the collar.
De ce fait, le collet suit le déplacement de l'extrémité du tube en fonction des différences de dilatation thermique.Therefore, the collar follows the movement of the end of the tube as a function of differences in thermal expansion.
En conséquence, la brasure ne subit plus de contraintes et ne risque plus d'entraíner de fuites au niveau du raccordement entre le collet et l'extrémité du tube.As a result, the solder is no longer stressed and does not more risk of leaking at the connection between the collar and the end of the tube.
Toutefois, dans GB-A-845 794, le collet se rattache à la paroi du tube par une partie qui, en section droite, présente une configuration en col de cygne. Cette partie en col de cygne se termine par une lèvre prenant appui contre au moins un bourrelet annulaire formé sur la paroi du tube.However, in GB-A-845 794, the collar is attached to the wall of the tube by a part which, in cross section, has a swan neck configuration. This neck portion of swan ends with a lip leaning against at least an annular bead formed on the wall of the tube.
L'invention propose un échangeur de chaleur du type précité qui offre une meilleure aptitude à la déformation sous l'effet des différences de dilatation et qui en outre ne nécessite pas de tubes avec des bossages.The invention provides a heat exchanger of the aforementioned type which offers a better aptitude for deformation under the effect of differences in expansion and which also does not require tubes with bosses.
Conformément à l'invention, chaque collet se rattache au reste de la plaque collectrice par un pli annulaire ayant sensiblement une section en U et présentant une branche qui constitue le collet et une autre branche qui constitue une branche de rattachement, et l'amincissement localisé est réalisé dans cette branche de rattachement.In accordance with the invention, each collar is attached to the rest of the collector plate by an annular fold having substantially a U-shaped section and having a branch which constitutes the collar and another branch which constitutes a connecting branch, and localized thinning is carried out in this branch of attachment.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, cet amincissement localisé est effectué par matriçage ou enlèvement de matière, soit sur une face de la paroi de la plaque collectrice, soit sur les deux faces de la paroi de la plaque collectrice. According to one embodiment of the invention, this thinning localized is carried out by stamping or removal of material, either on one face of the wall of the collector plate, either on both sides of the plate wall collector.
L'invention s'applique en particulier à un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel la plaque collectrice et les tubes sont en aluminium.The invention applies in particular to a heat exchanger heat in which the header plate and tubes are in aluminium.
Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle le collet a une forme allongée propre à recevoir un tube plat, l'amincissement localisé est effectué dans une région de forme allongée, homologue de celle du collet.In one embodiment of the invention, in which the collar has an elongated shape suitable for receiving a tube flat, localized thinning is carried out in a region elongated, homologous to that of the collar.
L'échangeur de chaleur de l'invention est particulièrement réalisable sous la forme d'un radiateur d'air de suralimentation destiné à refroidir un flux d'air alimentant un moteur turbocompressé.The heat exchanger of the invention is particularly achievable as a charge air radiator intended to cool an air flow feeding a motor turbocharged.
Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, avec coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle d'une plaque collectrice dans une première forme de réalisation; et
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe partielle d'une plaque collectrice selon une autre forme de réalisation.
- Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, with section along the line II-II of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a header plate in a first embodiment; and
- Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of a header plate according to another embodiment.
L'échangeur de chaleur représenté aux figures 1 et 2 comprend
une plaque collectrice 10 qui présente une âme 12 de forme
générale rectangulaire munie de deux bords longitudinaux 14
repliés sensiblement à angle droit, pour permettre à la
plaque collectrice 10 d'être coiffée par une paroi de boíte
collectrice (non représentée) et délimiter une chambre propre
à être parcourue par un fluide. The heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes
a
La plaque collectrice 10 comporte une paroi métallique 16,
par exemple en aluminium, qui est emboutie pour former l'âme
12 et les bords longitudinaux 14.The
Par ailleurs, dans l'âme 12 sont ménagés une pluralité de
trous 18 qui, dans l'exemple, ont une forme oblongue sensiblement
rectangulaire dont la longueur s'étend transversalement
à l'âme 12, c'est-à-dire perpendiculairement aux bords
longitudinaux 14.Furthermore, in the
Les trous 18 sont disposés suivant'une seule rangée et sont
régulièrement espacés entre eux.The
Chaque trou 18 est propre à recevoir une extrémité 20 d'un
tube 22, dans l'exemple un "tube plat", qui présente une
section externe adaptée à celle de la section interne du
trou 18.Each
Les tubes 22 sont métalliques, par exemple en aluminium, et
leurs extrémités 20 sont destinées à être reliées par brasage
à la paroi 16 de la plaque collectrice 10.The
Pour faciliter cette liaison, chaque trou 18 est bordé par un
collet 24 obtenu par déformation de la paroi 16. Ce collet
s'étend sur une longueur axiale supérieure à l'épaisseur de
la paroi 16 pour permettre une meilleure liaison par brasage
entre l'extrémité du tube et la plaque collectrice.To facilitate this connection, each
Dans l'exemple où cet échangeur de chaleur est utilisé comme
radiateur d'air de suralimentation, les tubes 22 sont
parcourus par un flux d'air qui peut subir des variations de
température importantes, d'où il résulte des variations de
dilatation du tube pouvant entraíner une contrainte au niveau
de la liaison par brasure entre l'extrémité du tube et le
collet correspondant.In the example where this heat exchanger is used as
charge air radiator,
Pour éviter cet inconvénient, l'invention prévoit des moyens
pour permettre un débattement du collet par rapport à l'âme
12 de la plaque collectrice. To avoid this drawback, the invention provides means
to allow movement of the collar relative to the
Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, à laquelle on se
réfère maintenant, chaque collet 24 se rattache à l'âme 12,
c'est-à-dire au reste de la plaque collectrice 10, par un pli
annulaire 26 qui présente un contour homologue de celui du
collet et qui présente, en section, sensiblement la forme
d'un U.In the embodiment of Figure 3, which is
now refers, each
Ce U comporte une première branche qui constitue le collet et
une autre branche 28 qui constitue une branche de rattachement
à l'âme 12. Cette branche 28 présente un amincissement
localisé A au niveau duquel l'épaisseur de la paroi de la
plaque est plus faible qu'au niveau de l'âme 12.This U has a first branch which constitutes the collar and
another
Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, cet amincissement
localisé est obtenu par matriçage ou enlèvement de
matière à partir de la face extérieure 30 de la plaque
collectrice 10, alors que sa face intérieure 32 n'a pas subi
d'enlèvement de matière.In the embodiment of Figure 3, this thinning
localized is obtained by stamping or removing
material from the
Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 4, à laquelle on se réfère maintenant, la configuration de la plaque collectrice est sensiblement identique à celle de la figure 3.In the embodiment of Figure 4, which is now refers to the configuration of the header plate is substantially identical to that of FIG. 3.
La seule différence réside dans le fait que l'amincissement A présente une épaisseur plus réduite.The only difference is that the thinning A has a reduced thickness.
Ceci résulte du fait qu'un enlèvement de matière supplémentaire
a été effectué à partir de la face intérieur 32, comme
montré par une gorge annulaire 34 qui entoure le collet 24.This is due to the fact that additional material removal
was carried out from the
Dans l'une ou l'autre des formes de réalisation précédentes,
si le tube 22 se dilate dans le sens de la longueur, le
collet 24 pourra se débattre, dans la direction de la
flèche F, par rapport à l'âme 12 du fait de l'amincissement A
réalisé dans l'épaisseur de la paroi et dans une région
annulaire entourant le collet.In either of the previous embodiments,
if the
Il en résulte que la liaison par brasage (non représentée)
entre l'extrémité 20 du tube et le collet 24 ne subira pas de
contraintes susceptibles d'entraíner une fissuration ou une
rupture de la brasure.As a result, the solder connection (not shown)
between the
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à la forme de réalisation décrite précédemment à titre d'exemple.Of course, the invention is not limited to the form of embodiment described previously by way of example.
Elle s'applique en particulier à d'autres types d'échangeurs de chaleur présentant des tubes de sections différentes et pouvant être utilisés dans d'autres applications que les radiateurs d'air de suralimentation.It applies in particular to other types of exchangers heat with tubes of different sections and can be used in applications other than charge air radiators.
Claims (6)
- Heat exchanger of the type comprising a header (10) which has a wall (16) in which there are provided holes (18) able to receive the ends (20) of the tubes (22) in a bank, the wall of the header being configured so as to form collars (24) around the holes (18) with a view to a connection by brazing with the tubes (20), and in which the wall (16) of the header has a localised thinning (A) in an annular region (28) surrounding each collar (24) and having a shape homologous to that of the collar (24) to allow axial movement of the collar with respect to the remainder of the header (10) under the effect of the variations in length of the tube following differences in thermal expansion, characterised in that each collar (24) is attached to the remainder of the header (10) by an annular fold (26) having substantially the shape of a U with a leg which constitutes the collar and another leg (28) which constitutes an attachment leg, and in that the localised thinning (A) is produced in this attachment leg (28).
- Heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterised in that the localised thinning (A) is effected by swaging or removal of material on one face (30) of the wall (16) of the header (10).
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the localised thinning (A) is effected by swaging or the removal of material on the two faces (30, 32) of the header (10).
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the header (10) and the tubes (22) are made from aluminium.
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which each collar (24) has an elongate shape able to receive a flat tube (22), characterised in that the localised thinning is carried out in a region with an elongate shape (28) homologous to that of the collar (24).
- Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it constitutes a supercharging-air radiator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9511818 | 1995-10-06 | ||
| FR9511818A FR2739680B1 (en) | 1995-10-06 | 1995-10-06 | HEAT EXCHANGER, PARTICULARLY SUPPLY AIR RADIATOR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0767354A1 EP0767354A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| EP0767354B1 true EP0767354B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
Family
ID=9483349
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96115937A Expired - Lifetime EP0767354B1 (en) | 1995-10-06 | 1996-10-04 | Heat exchanger, more particularly supercharge air cooler for automotive vehicle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5676200A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0767354B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69617598T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2739680B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3414171B2 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2003-06-09 | 株式会社デンソー | Heat exchanger |
| GB2344643B (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2002-06-26 | Serck Heat Transfer Ltd | Heat exchanger core connection |
| JP2004286358A (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | Core structure of heat exchanger |
| JP2004293982A (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | Core part structure of heat exchanger |
| DE10343239B4 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2021-09-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger |
| US20050064835A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-03-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Audio system responsive to incoming phone calls |
| JP2006284107A (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-19 | Denso Corp | Heat exchanger |
| US7413006B2 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2008-08-19 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Header plate for use in a heat exchanger |
| US8794299B2 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2014-08-05 | Modine Manufacturing Company | 2-Pass heat exchanger including thermal expansion joints |
| DE102008032287B4 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2012-09-27 | Modine Manufacturing Co. | Heat exchanger with a bonded joint, and method of making a heat exchanger |
| DE102009022983A1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-17 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | heat exchangers |
| DE102009037305A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-03-03 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger |
| FR2958385B1 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-01-18 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH INCREASED PERFORMANCE |
| US10378834B2 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2019-08-13 | Mahle International Gmbh | Tube header for heat exchanger |
| CN109891180B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2021-07-09 | 法雷奥热系统公司 | Collector plate for a motor vehicle heat exchanger |
| DE102022202080A1 (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-07 | Mahle International Gmbh | Collection box for a heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US352380A (en) * | 1886-11-09 | Tube-sheet for steam-boilers | ||
| DE859745C (en) * | 1951-02-25 | 1952-12-15 | Julius Dr-Ing Schierenbeck | Heat exchanger with expansion compensation |
| US2807445A (en) * | 1954-06-16 | 1957-09-24 | Griscom Russell Co | Heat exchanger welded tube joint |
| GB845794A (en) * | 1957-03-08 | 1960-08-24 | Andre Huet | Improvements in and relating to connections between tubes and metallic wall structures such as plates, headers, containers and the like |
| DE2639693A1 (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-03-09 | Siegener Ag Geisweid | Pressurised heat exchanger for cracked gas cooler - has tube end plates with recessed seats for reducing weld thickness |
| SU620794A1 (en) * | 1976-10-01 | 1978-08-25 | Ленинградский технологический институт целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности | Unit for securing tubes |
| FR2417741A1 (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-09-14 | Ferodo Sa | PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER WATER BOX PLATE COATING |
| FR2538526B1 (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1986-12-19 | Chausson Usines Sa | COLLECTOR PLATE FOR TUBE AND WATER BOX HEAT EXCHANGER |
| US4881594A (en) * | 1989-03-27 | 1989-11-21 | General Motors Corporation | Header plate for pressure vessels, heat exchangers and the like |
-
1995
- 1995-10-06 FR FR9511818A patent/FR2739680B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-03 US US08/720,778 patent/US5676200A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-04 EP EP96115937A patent/EP0767354B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-04 DE DE69617598T patent/DE69617598T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69617598T2 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| US5676200A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
| DE69617598D1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| FR2739680B1 (en) | 1997-12-05 |
| EP0767354A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| FR2739680A1 (en) | 1997-04-11 |
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