EP0567410A1 - Heat exchanger with tubes of oblong cross-section, especially for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with tubes of oblong cross-section, especially for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0567410A1
EP0567410A1 EP93401066A EP93401066A EP0567410A1 EP 0567410 A1 EP0567410 A1 EP 0567410A1 EP 93401066 A EP93401066 A EP 93401066A EP 93401066 A EP93401066 A EP 93401066A EP 0567410 A1 EP0567410 A1 EP 0567410A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
heat exchanger
end section
bead
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP93401066A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pascal Velluet
Jacques Hoffnung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Publication of EP0567410A1 publication Critical patent/EP0567410A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/165—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger of the type comprising a multiplicity of oblong cross-section tubes which have end sections engaged in corresponding holes, formed in a collector plate, with the interposition of a seal, a portion of which is , each time, compressed between the end section and a surface of the corresponding hole.
  • Such heat exchangers are used in particular as radiators for cooling the engines of motor vehicles.
  • the oblong section of the tubes can deviate more or less from the shape of a circle and present for example an oval, elliptical or flattened shape with two opposite long sides and two opposite short sides.
  • the long sides can be straight or curved and the short sides are curved.
  • These oblong section tubes are arranged so that the largest dimension of their section extends in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of flow of air through the bundle.
  • heat exchangers of the aforementioned type also called “mechanically assembled heat exchangers"
  • the quality of the seal at the connection between the end section of the tube and the collector plate depends mainly on the resistance of this end section under the effect of the mechanical reaction of the portion of seal which surrounds it.
  • this resistance is mainly linked to the rigidity of the end section and depends in particular on the shape of the section of this section.
  • This document proposes in particular that the long sides of the section are thickened compared to the short sides, which means that extrusion of particular tubes of non-constant thickness is necessary. This document also proposes to introduce, in the end sections of the tubes, particular profiles intended to prevent the deformation of the end section.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to propose a heat exchanger of the type defined above, in which the end sections of the tubes can be reinforced in a particularly simple manner, without requiring complicated mounting operations and without disturbing the fluid flow through the exchanger tubes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a heat exchanger, in which the end sections of the tubes of oblong section can be reinforced in a particularly effective manner, whatever the shape of the oblong section and in particular when this the latter is very elongated and flattened.
  • each end section has a wall reinforced by a bead of the wall which is located at a distance from a free edge of the end section.
  • This peripheral bead makes it possible to stiffen the wall of the end section and thus prevent its deformation under the effect of the mechanical reaction of the joint portion which surrounds it.
  • This peripheral bead which is provided on an end section of oblong section and not on an end section of circular section as in the prior art, performs a new and different function, namely a reinforcing function, which n 'is not present in the case of tubes having end sections of circular section.
  • the free edge extends in the extension of the oblong section and the end section is deformed by radial expansion to ensure radial compression of the portion of the seal which is included. between the end section and the surface of the corresponding hole.
  • the surface of the hole is advantageously delimited by a collar depending on the collector plate and the radial expansion of the end section is carried out over a length at least equal to the length of the collar.
  • the free edge of the end section is deformed at least partially to form a flare.
  • This flaring can be carried out over the entire periphery of the tube or be localized only. It follows that the portion of the seal which provides the seal is located in the annular space between, on the one hand, the bead and the flare and, on the other hand, the end section and the surface of the hole.
  • the portion of the joint can undergo either a radial compression between the end section and the surface of the hole, or an axial compression between the bead and the flare, or else a simultaneous radial compression and axial compression .
  • the surface of the hole is advantageously delimited by a collar depending on the collector plate and the portion of the seal has a tubular shape, which is compressed in the annular space delimited axially by the bead and the flare and radially by the surface of the hole and by the end section of the tube.
  • the bead advantageously extends over the entire periphery of the tubular section.
  • this bead may extend partly over the periphery of the tubular section.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tube 10 of axis XX forming part of a heat exchanger, in particular of a cooling radiator, and comprising a body 12 of oblong section extended by a section d end 14 having initially the same oblong shape as body 12.
  • the end portion 14 has, in the example, a generally oblong section, delimited by two long sides 16, rectilinear and parallel to each other, and two short sides 18, of shape semicircular.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a multiplicity of tubes 12 arranged parallel to each other to form a bundle which communicates respectively with two opposite manifold boxes (not shown).
  • the tubes are made of a metallic material, advantageously aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • Each of the end sections 14 is introduced into a hole 20 made through a manifold plate 22, also called a "hole plate", forming part of one of the manifolds.
  • Each collector plate 22 thus comprises a multiplicity of holes 20 arranged in a determined geometrical configuration corresponding to the configuration of the tubes, and this in a well known manner.
  • Each of the collector plates 22 is, in the example, made of a metallic material, but could also be obtained by molding a plastic material.
  • the plate 22 is delimited by two opposite faces 24 and 26 and each of the holes 20 is bordered by a tubular collar 28 which projects relative to the face 26.
  • This collar 28 internally delimits a surface 30, of oblong section, of homologous shape , but larger than the oblong section of the end section 14.
  • a seal 32 is provided, for example made of elastomer, which has the form of a plate 34 applied against the face 24 of the collector plate 22.
  • This plate 34 comprises a multiplicity of tubular extensions 36 each forming a portion of seal ensuring the seal between the end section 14 and the surface 30 which is located opposite said section.
  • a heat exchanger as has just been described so far, is known in itself.
  • the invention proposes to reinforce the end section 14 by providing it with a bead 38 which is located at a distance from a free edge 40 of said section, this free edge projecting beyond the plate. 34 of the seal.
  • the peripheral bead 38 is produced in parallel with the wall 42 by forming two annular folds 44 and 46, extending in planes perpendicular to the axial direction XX of the tube 12, the folds 44 and 46 being joined by a rounded peripheral edge 48.
  • the bead 38 which extends above all the periphery of the end section 14, makes it possible to reinforce this end, in particular at the level of the long sides 16, which prevents their deformation under the effect of the mechanical reaction of the joint.
  • the bead 38 can extend partially over the periphery of the end section 14.
  • this bead can be situated only on the long sides 16 with optionally a transverse dimension increasing from a short side 18 to a median zone on the long side 16 and then decreasing from this median zone to on the other short side 18.
  • the left part of the figure shows the bead 38 in the case where it extends over the entire periphery of the end section 14.
  • the bead 38 can be obtained by mechanical means in themselves known using punches and presses.
  • the free edge 40 then undergoes, after assembly of the exchanger, a deformation to form a flare 52, in the example of frustoconical shape, over the entire periphery of the tube or a localized flare, for example, on the long sides 16 of the tubes.
  • the seal of the seal is ensured only by radial compression due to the expansion undergone by the end section 14 (arrows F).
  • the flaring 52 mainly prevents separation of the tubes from the bundle and the collector plate.
  • the configuration of the end section 14 is similar to that of the end section of Figure 3.
  • the formation of the flare 52 contributes to the axial compression of the portion 36.
  • the portion 36 of the joint is thus compressed radially by radial expansion of the section 14 (arrows F) and axially by the formation of the flare 52.
  • the portion 36 of tubular configuration is compressed axially between the bead 38 on one side and the flare 52 on the other.
  • a flare 52 is also provided.
  • the portion 36 of the seal is compressed axially between the bead 38 and the flare 52.
  • the section 14 does not undergo radial expansion as in the case of the embodiments described above.
  • the radial compression of the seal is carried out beforehand by introducing a punch and then the end portion 14 is introduced into the portion 36 of the seal. This process is described in French Patent 2,529,110 of the Applicant.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
  • the oblong shape of the end section can be more or less flattened and affect the shape of an oval, an ellipse, a flat tube having two large parallel sides, etc.
  • the invention applies in particular to cooling radiators for motor vehicle engines, in which the bundle tubes are provided with fins and connected respectively to two manifolds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising a multiplicity of tubes (12) of oblong cross-section. The tubes (12) include end segments (14) engaged in corresponding holes (20) made in a manifold plate (22), with interposition of a sealing gasket (32), one portion (36) of which is compressed between the end segment (14) and a surface (30) of the corresponding hole (14), each end segment having a wall (42) reinforced by a peripheral lip (38) of the wall, which is situated at a distance from a free edge (40) of the said end segment. Application in particular to cooling radiators for motor vehicle engines. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur du type comprenant une multiplicité de tubes de section oblongue qui comportent des tronçons d'extrémité engagés dans des trous correspondants, ménagés dans une plaque collectrice, avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité dont une portion est, à chaque fois, comprimée entre le tronçon d'extrémité et une surface du trou correspondant.The invention relates to a heat exchanger of the type comprising a multiplicity of oblong cross-section tubes which have end sections engaged in corresponding holes, formed in a collector plate, with the interposition of a seal, a portion of which is , each time, compressed between the end section and a surface of the corresponding hole.

De tels échangeurs de chaleur sont utilisés notamment en tant que radiateurs pour le refroidissement des moteurs de véhicules automobiles.Such heat exchangers are used in particular as radiators for cooling the engines of motor vehicles.

La section oblongue des tubes peut s'éloigner plus ou moins de la forme d'un cercle et présenter par exemple une forme ovale, elliptique ou encore aplatie avec deux côtés longs opposés et deux côtés courts opposés. Les côtés longs peuvent être rectilignes ou incurvés et les côtés courts sont incurvés.The oblong section of the tubes can deviate more or less from the shape of a circle and present for example an oval, elliptical or flattened shape with two opposite long sides and two opposite short sides. The long sides can be straight or curved and the short sides are curved.

Ces tubes de section oblongue sont disposés de telle sorte que la plus grande dimension de leur section s'étende dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction d'écoulement de l'air au travers du faisceau.These oblong section tubes are arranged so that the largest dimension of their section extends in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of flow of air through the bundle.

On peut ainsi réaliser des échangeurs de chaleur qui possèdent à la fois un meilleur rendement et un plus faible encombrement que les échangeurs de chaleur à tubes de section circulaire.It is thus possible to produce heat exchangers which have both a better efficiency and a smaller footprint than heat exchangers with circular section tubes.

Dans les échangeurs de chaleur du type précité, que l'on appelle aussi "échangeurs de chaleur à assemblage mécanique", la qualité de l'étanchéité au niveau de la liaison entre le tronçon d'extrémité du tube et la plaque collectrice dépend principalement de la résistance de ce tronçon d'extrémité sous l'effet de la réaction mécanique de la portion de joint qui l'entoure.In heat exchangers of the aforementioned type, also called "mechanically assembled heat exchangers", the quality of the seal at the connection between the end section of the tube and the collector plate depends mainly on the resistance of this end section under the effect of the mechanical reaction of the portion of seal which surrounds it.

Or, cette résistance est liée principalement à la rigidité du tronçon d'extrémité et dépend notamment de la forme de la section de ce tronçon.However, this resistance is mainly linked to the rigidity of the end section and depends in particular on the shape of the section of this section.

En effet, plus la forme de cette section s'approche de la forme circulaire, plus la rigidité du tronçon d'extrémité s'accroît. Inversement, plus la forme de cette section s'éloigne de la forme circulaire pour s'approcher d'un profil aplati, plus la rigidité du tronçon d'extrémité décroît. Cet affaiblissement de rigidité se produit dans les régions de la section qui se situent dans la direction de la plus grande dimension, c'est-à-dire dans celle des côtés longs. Ceci constitue un inconvénient d'autant plus sérieux que la tendance actuelle s'oriente vers l'utilisation de tubes de section oblongue, de configuration très aplatie.Indeed, the more the shape of this section approaches the circular shape, the more the rigidity of the end section increases. Conversely, the more the shape of this section moves away from the circular shape to approach a flattened profile, the more the rigidity of the end section decreases. This weakening of rigidity occurs in the regions of the section which lie in the direction of the largest dimension, that is to say in that of the long sides. This constitutes a drawback all the more serious as the current trend is oriented towards the use of tubes of oblong section, of very flat configuration.

Pour éviter cet inconvénient, différentes solutions ont déjà été proposées pour renforcer la résistance des tronçons d'extrémité de tubes de section oblongue, comme enseigné par exemple par le document FR-A-2 406 794.To avoid this drawback, various solutions have already been proposed for strengthening the resistance of the end sections of tubes of oblong section, as taught for example by the document FR-A-2 406 794.

Ce document propose notamment que les côtés longs de la section soient surépaissis par rapport aux côtés courts, ce qui oblige à extruder des tubes particuliers d'épaisseur non constante. Ce document propose aussi d'introduire, dans les tronçons d'extrémité des tubes, des profilés particuliers destinés à empêcher la déformation du tronçon d'extrémité.This document proposes in particular that the long sides of the section are thickened compared to the short sides, which means that extrusion of particular tubes of non-constant thickness is necessary. This document also proposes to introduce, in the end sections of the tubes, particular profiles intended to prevent the deformation of the end section.

Cette solution n'est pas satisfaisante car elle nécessite une opération supplémentaire de montage et elle gêne l'écoulement du fluide s'écoulant dans les tubes.This solution is not satisfactory because it requires an additional mounting operation and it hinders the flow of the fluid flowing in the tubes.

Par ailleurs, on a proposé, comme enseigné par le document FR-A-2 570 814, d'aménager un bourrelet périphérique sur le tronçon d'extrémité d'un tube de section circulaire, et cela pour servir de butée lors de l'introduction de ce tronçon d'extrémité dans un trou correspondant d'une plaque collectrice. On peut ainsi donner un écartement déterminé aux deux plaques collectrices, donc aux deux boîtes collectrices, d'un échangeur de chaleur.Furthermore, it has been proposed, as taught by document FR-A-2 570 814, to arrange a peripheral bead on the end section of a tube of circular section, and this to serve as a stop during the introduction of this end section into a corresponding hole in a header plate. It is thus possible to give a determined spacing to the two collector plates, therefore to the two collector boxes, of a heat exchanger.

L'invention a notamment pour but de proposer un échangeur de chaleur du type défini précédemment, dans lequel les tronçons d'extrémité des tubes peuvent être renforcés d'une manière particulièrement simple, sans nécessiter d'opérations de montage compliquées et sans perturber l'écoulement du fluide au travers des tubes de l'échangeur.The object of the invention is in particular to propose a heat exchanger of the type defined above, in which the end sections of the tubes can be reinforced in a particularly simple manner, without requiring complicated mounting operations and without disturbing the fluid flow through the exchanger tubes.

L'invention a encore pour but de proposer un tel échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel les tronçons d'extrémité des tubes de section oblongue peuvent être renforcés d'une façon particulièrement efficace, quelle que soit la forme de la section oblongue et notamment lorsque cette dernière est très allongée et aplatie.Another object of the invention is to provide such a heat exchanger, in which the end sections of the tubes of oblong section can be reinforced in a particularly effective manner, whatever the shape of the oblong section and in particular when this the latter is very elongated and flattened.

Elle propose, à cet effet, un échangeur de chaleur du type défini en introduction, dans lequel chaque tronçon d'extrémité possède une paroi renforcée par un bourrelet de la paroi qui est situé à distance d'un bord libre du tronçon d'extrémité.To this end, it proposes a heat exchanger of the type defined in the introduction, in which each end section has a wall reinforced by a bead of the wall which is located at a distance from a free edge of the end section.

Ce bourrelet périphérique permet de rigidifier la paroi du tronçon d'extrémité et d'empêcher ainsi sa déformation sous l'effet de la réaction mécanique de la portion de joint qui l'entoure.This peripheral bead makes it possible to stiffen the wall of the end section and thus prevent its deformation under the effect of the mechanical reaction of the joint portion which surrounds it.

Ce bourrelet périphérique, qui est prévu sur un tronçon d'extrémité de section oblongue et non pas sur un tronçon d'extrémité de section circulaire comme dans la technique antérieure, accomplit une fonction nouvelle et différente, à savoir une fonction de renforcement, qui n'est pas présente dans le cas des tubes possédant des tronçons d'extrémité de section circulaire.This peripheral bead, which is provided on an end section of oblong section and not on an end section of circular section as in the prior art, performs a new and different function, namely a reinforcing function, which n 'is not present in the case of tubes having end sections of circular section.

Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le bord libre s'étend dans le prolongement de la section oblongue et le tronçon d'extrémité est déformé par expansion radiale pour assurer une compression radiale de la portion du joint d'étanchéité qui est comprise entre le tronçon d'extrémité et la surface du trou correspondant.In one embodiment of the invention, the free edge extends in the extension of the oblong section and the end section is deformed by radial expansion to ensure radial compression of the portion of the seal which is included. between the end section and the surface of the corresponding hole.

Dans cette forme de réalisation, la surface du trou est avantageusement délimitée par un collet dépendant de la plaque collectrice et l'expansion radiale du tronçon d'extrémité est effectuée sur une longueur au moins égale à la longueur du collet.In this embodiment, the surface of the hole is advantageously delimited by a collar depending on the collector plate and the radial expansion of the end section is carried out over a length at least equal to the length of the collar.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention, le bord libre du tronçon d'extrémité est déformé au moins partiellement pour former un évasement. Cet évasement peut être réalisé sur toute la périphérie du tube ou être seulement localisé. Il en résulte que la portion du joint d'étanchéité qui assure l'étanchéité se situe dans l'espace annulaire compris entre, d'une part, le bourrelet et l'évasement et, d'autre part, le tronçon d'extrémité et la surface du trou.In another embodiment of the invention, the free edge of the end section is deformed at least partially to form a flare. This flaring can be carried out over the entire periphery of the tube or be localized only. It follows that the portion of the seal which provides the seal is located in the annular space between, on the one hand, the bead and the flare and, on the other hand, the end section and the surface of the hole.

Dans cette forme de réalisation, la portion du joint peut subir soit une compression radiale entre le tronçon d'extrémité et la surface du trou, soit une compression axiale entre le bourrelet et l'évasement, soit encore une compression radiale et une compression axiale simultanées.In this embodiment, the portion of the joint can undergo either a radial compression between the end section and the surface of the hole, or an axial compression between the bead and the flare, or else a simultaneous radial compression and axial compression .

Dans cette seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention, la surface du trou est avantageusement délimitée par un collet dépendant de la plaque collectrice et la portion du joint d'étanchéité a une forme tubulaire, laquelle est comprimée dans l'espace annulaire délimité axialement par le bourrelet et l'évasement et radialement par la surface du trou et par le tronçon d'extrémité du tube.In this second embodiment of the invention, the surface of the hole is advantageously delimited by a collar depending on the collector plate and the portion of the seal has a tubular shape, which is compressed in the annular space delimited axially by the bead and the flare and radially by the surface of the hole and by the end section of the tube.

Dans les différentes formes de réalisation précitées, le bourrelet s'étend avantageusement sur toute la périphérie du tronçon tubulaire. Toutefois, ce bourrelet peut s'étendre en partie sur la périphérie du tronçon tubulaire.In the various abovementioned embodiments, the bead advantageously extends over the entire periphery of the tubular section. However, this bead may extend partly over the periphery of the tubular section.

Dans la description qui suit, faite seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère au dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe partielle d'un échangeur de chaleurfaisant ressortir l'assemblage d'un tronçon d'extrémité d'un tube avec une plaque collectrice ;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue d'extrémité montrant la forme oblongue du tronçon d'extrémité du tube de la figure 1 ; et
  • - les figures 3, 4 et 5 sont des vues analogues à celle de la figure 1 et correspondant à d'autres formes de réalisation.
In the description which follows, given solely by way of example, reference is made to the attached drawing, in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a heat exchanger bringing out the assembly of an end section of a tube with a header plate;
  • - Figure 2 is an end view showing the oblong shape of the end section of the tube of Figure 1; and
  • - Figures 3, 4 and 5 are views similar to that of Figure 1 and corresponding to other embodiments.

On se réfère tout d'abord à la figure 1 qui montre un tube 10 d'axe X-X faisant partie d'un échangeur de chaleur, notamment d'un radiateur de refroidissement, et comportant un corps 12 de section oblongue prolongé par un tronçon d'extrémité 14 ayant initialement la même forme oblongue que le corps 12.First of all, reference is made to FIG. 1 which shows a tube 10 of axis XX forming part of a heat exchanger, in particular of a cooling radiator, and comprising a body 12 of oblong section extended by a section d end 14 having initially the same oblong shape as body 12.

Comme le montre plus particulièrement la figure 2, la portion d'extrémité 14 a, dans l'exemple, une section de forme générale oblongue, délimitée par deux côtés longs 16, rectilignes et parallèles entre eux, et deux côtés courts 18, de forme semi- circulaire.As shown more particularly in FIG. 2, the end portion 14 has, in the example, a generally oblong section, delimited by two long sides 16, rectilinear and parallel to each other, and two short sides 18, of shape semicircular.

L'échangeur de chaleur comprend une multiplicité de tubes 12 disposés parallèlement entre eux pour former un faisceau qui communique respectivement avec deux boîtes collectrices opposées (non représentées). Les tubes sont réalisés en un matériau métallique, avantageusement en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium.The heat exchanger comprises a multiplicity of tubes 12 arranged parallel to each other to form a bundle which communicates respectively with two opposite manifold boxes (not shown). The tubes are made of a metallic material, advantageously aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

Chacun des tronçons d'extrémité 14 est introduit dans un trou 20 ménagé au travers d'une plaque collectrice 22, encore appelée "plaque à trous", faisant partie d'une des boîtes collectrices. Chaque plaque collectrice 22 comporte ainsi une multiplicité de trous 20 disposés suivant une configuration géométrique déterminée correspondant à la configuration des tubes, et cela d'une manière bien connue. Chacune des plaques collectrices 22 est, dans l'exemple, réalisée en un matériau métallique, mais pourrait aussi être obtenue par moulage d'une matière plastique.Each of the end sections 14 is introduced into a hole 20 made through a manifold plate 22, also called a "hole plate", forming part of one of the manifolds. Each collector plate 22 thus comprises a multiplicity of holes 20 arranged in a determined geometrical configuration corresponding to the configuration of the tubes, and this in a well known manner. Each of the collector plates 22 is, in the example, made of a metallic material, but could also be obtained by molding a plastic material.

La plaque 22 est délimitée par deux faces opposées 24 et 26 et chacun des trous 20 est bordé par un collet tubulaire 28 qui fait saillie par rapport à la face 26. Ce collet 28 délimite intérieurement une surface 30, de section oblongue, de forme homologue, mais plus grande, que la section oblongue du tronçon d'extrémité 14.The plate 22 is delimited by two opposite faces 24 and 26 and each of the holes 20 is bordered by a tubular collar 28 which projects relative to the face 26. This collar 28 internally delimits a surface 30, of oblong section, of homologous shape , but larger than the oblong section of the end section 14.

Pour assurer l'étanchéité entre la plaque collectrice 22 et les tronçons tubulaires respectifs 14 des tubes 12 du faisceau, on prévoit un joint d'étanchéité 32, par exemple en élastomère, qui a la forme d'une plaque 34 appliquée contre la face 24 de la plaque collectrice 22. Cette plaque 34 comporte une multiplicité de prolongements tubulaires 36 formant chacun une portion de joint assurant l'étanchéité entre le tronçon d'extrémité 14 et la surface 30 qui est située en regard dudit tronçon. Un échangeur de chaleur, tel qu'il vient d'être décrit jusqu'à présent, est en lui-même connu.To seal between the collector plate 22 and the respective tubular sections 14 of the tubes 12 of the bundle, a seal 32 is provided, for example made of elastomer, which has the form of a plate 34 applied against the face 24 of the collector plate 22. This plate 34 comprises a multiplicity of tubular extensions 36 each forming a portion of seal ensuring the seal between the end section 14 and the surface 30 which is located opposite said section. A heat exchanger, as has just been described so far, is known in itself.

Du fait que chacune des portions 36 se trouve comprimée entre la surface 30 et le tronçon 14 correspondant, il se crée de la part du joint une réaction mécanique tendant à resserrer la section oblongue. Cette réaction mécanique agit principalement sur les côtés longs 16 qui ont tendance à se rapprocher l'un vers l'autre.Because each of the portions 36 is compressed between the surface 30 and the corresponding section 14, there is created on the part of the joint a mechanical reaction tending to tighten the oblong section. This mechanical reaction acts mainly on the long sides 16 which tend to approach each other.

Pour éviter cet inconvénient, l'invention propose de renforcer le tronçon d'extrémité 14 en le munissant d'un bourrelet 38 qui est situé à distance d'un bord libre 40 dudit tronçon, ce bord libre faisant saillie au-delà de la plaque 34 du joint d'étanchéité.To avoid this drawback, the invention proposes to reinforce the end section 14 by providing it with a bead 38 which is located at a distance from a free edge 40 of said section, this free edge projecting beyond the plate. 34 of the seal.

Le bourrelet périphérique 38 est réalisé parflam- bement de la paroi 42 en formant deux plis annulaires 44 et 46, s'étendant dans des plans perpendiculaires à la direction axiale X-X du tube 12, les plis 44 et 46 étant réunis par un bord périphérique arrondi 48.The peripheral bead 38 is produced in parallel with the wall 42 by forming two annular folds 44 and 46, extending in planes perpendicular to the axial direction XX of the tube 12, the folds 44 and 46 being joined by a rounded peripheral edge 48.

Le bourrelet 38, qui s'étend surtoute la périphérie du tronçon d'extrémité 14, permet de renforcer cette extrémité, notamment au niveau des côtés longs 16, ce qui empêche leur déformation sous l'effet de la réaction mécanique du joint.The bead 38, which extends above all the periphery of the end section 14, makes it possible to reinforce this end, in particular at the level of the long sides 16, which prevents their deformation under the effect of the mechanical reaction of the joint.

Le bourrelet 38, comme visible sur la partie droite de la figure 2, peut s'étendre partiellement sur la périphérie du tronçon d'extrémité 14. En particulier, il peut être prévu que ce bourrelet soit situé uniquement sur les côtés longs 16 avec éventuellement une dimension transversale allant en s'augmentant à partir d'un côté court 18 jusqu'à une zone médiane du côté long 16 pour ensuite décroître de cette zone médiane jusqu'à l'autre côté court 18. La partie gauche de la figure montre le bourrelet 38 dans le cas où il s'étend sur toute la périphérie du tronçon d'extrémité 14.The bead 38, as visible on the right-hand part of FIG. 2, can extend partially over the periphery of the end section 14. In particular, it provision may be made for this bead to be situated only on the long sides 16 with optionally a transverse dimension increasing from a short side 18 to a median zone on the long side 16 and then decreasing from this median zone to on the other short side 18. The left part of the figure shows the bead 38 in the case where it extends over the entire periphery of the end section 14.

Le bourrelet 38 peut être obtenu par des moyens mécaniques en eux-mêmes connus utilisant des poinçons et des presses.The bead 38 can be obtained by mechanical means in themselves known using punches and presses.

Pour réaliser un échangeur de chaleur tel que représenté à la figure 1, tous les tubes du faisceau subissent une opération de formation d'un bourrelet 38 sur leurs tronçons d'extrémité respectifs 14. Ensuite, les tronçons d'extrémité 14 des tubes sont simultanément introduits dans les trous 30 de la plaque collectrice 22 préalablement munie du joint d'étanchéité 32. Pour assurer l'étanchéité, chacun des tronçons d'extrémité 14 subit ensuite une expansion radiale (flèches F) pour assurer la compression de la portion 36 du joint dans l'espace annulaire compris entre la surface 30 et le tronçon 14. Cette expansion radiale peut être effectuée au moyen d'un poinçon (non représenté) qui est introduit axialement dans le tronçon 14. Ceci se traduit par une légère expansion de la section oblongue sur une longueur L qui s'étend à partir du bord libre 40 jusqu'à un épaulement 50 situé au-delà du bourrelet 38.To produce a heat exchanger as shown in FIG. 1, all the tubes of the bundle undergo an operation of forming a bead 38 on their respective end sections 14. Then, the end sections 14 of the tubes are simultaneously introduced into the holes 30 of the collecting plate 22 previously provided with the gasket 32. To ensure the sealing, each of the end sections 14 then undergoes a radial expansion (arrows F) to ensure the compression of the portion 36 of the joint in the annular space between the surface 30 and the section 14. This radial expansion can be carried out by means of a punch (not shown) which is introduced axially into the section 14. This results in a slight expansion of the oblong section over a length L which extends from the free edge 40 to a shoulder 50 situated beyond the bead 38.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, à laquelle on se réfère maintenant, le bord libre 40 subit ensuite, après assemblage de l'échangeur, une déformation pourformer un évasement 52, dans l'exemple de forme tronconique, sur toute la périphérie du tube ou un évasement localisé, par exemple, sur les côtés longs 16 des tubes.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, to which we now refer, the free edge 40 then undergoes, after assembly of the exchanger, a deformation to form a flare 52, in the example of frustoconical shape, over the entire periphery of the tube or a localized flare, for example, on the long sides 16 of the tubes.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, l'étanchéité du joint est assurée seulement par compression radiale du fait de l'expansion subie par le tronçon d'extrémité 14 (flèches F). L'évasement 52 empêche principalement une désolidarisation des tubes du faisceau et de la plaque collectrice.In the embodiment of Figure 3, the seal of the seal is ensured only by radial compression due to the expansion undergone by the end section 14 (arrows F). The flaring 52 mainly prevents separation of the tubes from the bundle and the collector plate.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, il existe un espace annulaire libre 54 compris entre la portion 36 du joint et le bourrelet 38, aucune compression axiale n'étant ainsi exercée sur le joint.In the embodiment of Figure 3, there is a free annular space 54 between the portion 36 of the seal and the bead 38, no axial compression being thus exerted on the seal.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 4, à laquelle on se réfère maintenant, la configuration du tronçon d'extrémité 14 s'apparente à celle du tronçon d'extrémité de la figure 3. Toutefois, la formation de l'évasement 52 contribue à la compression axiale de la portion 36. La portion 36 du joint se trouve ainsi comprimée radialement par expansion radiale du tronçon 14 (flèches F) et axialement par la formation de l'évasement 52. En effet, la portion 36 de configuration tubulaire est comprimée axialement entre le bourrelet 38 d'un côté et l'évasement 52 de l'autre.In the embodiment of Figure 4, to which we now refer, the configuration of the end section 14 is similar to that of the end section of Figure 3. However, the formation of the flare 52 contributes to the axial compression of the portion 36. The portion 36 of the joint is thus compressed radially by radial expansion of the section 14 (arrows F) and axially by the formation of the flare 52. In fact, the portion 36 of tubular configuration is compressed axially between the bead 38 on one side and the flare 52 on the other.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 5, à laquelle on se réfère maintenant, il est prévu également un évasement 52. Dans ce cas, la portion 36 du joint est comprimée axialement entre le bourrelet 38 et l'évasement 52.In the embodiment of FIG. 5, to which reference is now made, a flare 52 is also provided. In this case, the portion 36 of the seal is compressed axially between the bead 38 and the flare 52.

Par contre, le tronçon 14 ne subit pas d'expansion radiale comme dans le cas des formes de réalisation décrites précédemment. La compression radiale du joint est préalablement effectuée par introduction d'un poinçon puis la portion d'extrémité 14 est introduite dans la portion 36 du joint. Ce procédé est décrit dans le Brevet français 2 529 110 de la Demanderesse.By cons, the section 14 does not undergo radial expansion as in the case of the embodiments described above. The radial compression of the seal is carried out beforehand by introducing a punch and then the end portion 14 is introduced into the portion 36 of the seal. This process is described in French Patent 2,529,110 of the Applicant.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites précédemment. En particulier, la forme oblongue du tronçon d'extrémité peut être plus ou moins aplatie et affecter la forme d'un ovale, d'une ellipse, d'un tube plat possédant deux grands côtés parallèles, etc.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. In particular, the oblong shape of the end section can be more or less flattened and affect the shape of an oval, an ellipse, a flat tube having two large parallel sides, etc.

L'invention s'applique notamment aux radiateurs de refroidissement pour moteurs de véhicules automobiles, dans lesquels les tubes du faisceau sont munis d'ailettes et reliés respectivement à deux boîtes collectrices.The invention applies in particular to cooling radiators for motor vehicle engines, in which the bundle tubes are provided with fins and connected respectively to two manifolds.

Claims (11)

1. - Echangeur de chaleur comprenant une multiplicité de tubes (12) de section oblongue qui comportent des tronçons d'extrémité (14) engagés dans des trous correspondants (20) ménagés dans une plaque collectrice (22) avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité (32) dont une portion (36) est à chaque fois comprimée entre le tronçon d'extrémité (14) et une surface (30) du trou correspondant, caractérisé en ce que chaque tronçon d'extrémité (14) possède une paroi (42) renforcée par un bourrelet (38) situé à distance d'un bord libre (40) du tronçon d'extrémité.1. - Heat exchanger comprising a multiplicity of tubes (12) of oblong section which include end sections (14) engaged in corresponding holes (20) formed in a collecting plate (22) with interposition of a gasket seal (32), a portion (36) of which is compressed each time between the end section (14) and a surface (30) of the corresponding hole, characterized in that each end section (14) has a wall (42) reinforced by a bead (38) located at a distance from a free edge (40) of the end section. 2. - Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bord libre (40) du tronçon d'extrémité (14) s'étend dans le prolongement de la section oblongue et en ce que le tronçon d'extrémité (14) est déformé par expansion radiale de sa paroi (42) pour assurer une compression radiale de la portion (36) du joint d'étanchéité (32).2. - Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the free edge (40) of the end section (14) extends in the extension of the oblong section and in that the end section (14 ) is deformed by radial expansion of its wall (42) to ensure radial compression of the portion (36) of the seal (32). 3. - Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la surface (30) du trou (20) est délimitée par un collet (28) dépendant de la plaque collectrice (22), caractérisé en ce que l'expansion radiale du tronçon d'extrémité (14) est effectuée sur une longueur (L) au moins égale à la longueur du collet.3. - Heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the surface (30) of the hole (20) is delimited by a collar (28) depending on the collecting plate (22), characterized in that the radial expansion of the section end (14) is carried out on a length (L) at least equal to the length of the collar. 4. - Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bord libre (40) du tronçon d'extrémité (14) est déformé au moins partiellement pour former un évasement (52).4. - Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the free edge (40) of the end section (14) is deformed at least partially to form a flare (52). 5. - Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la portion (36) du joint subit une compression radiale entre le tronçon d'extrémité (14) et la surface (30) du trou (20).5. - Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the portion (36) of the joint undergoes radial compression between the end section (14) and the surface (30) of the hole (20). 6. - Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la portion (36) du joint subit une compression axiale entre le bourrelet (38) et l'évasement (52).6. - Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the portion (36) of the seal undergoes axial compression between the bead (38) and the flare (52). 7. - Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la portion (36) du joint subit à la fois une compression radiale entre le tronçon d'extrémité (14) et la surface (30) du trou (20) et une compression axiale entre le bourrelet (38) et l'évasement (52).7. - Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the portion (36) of the joint undergoes both a radial compression between the end section (14) and the surface (30) of the hole (20) and axial compression between the bead (38) and the flare (52). 8. - Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, dans lequel la surface (30) du trou (20) est délimitée par un collet (28) dépendant de la plaque collectrice (22) et la portion (36) du joint d'étanchéité a la forme d'un tube interposé entre la surface (30) du trou (20) et la portion d'extrémité (14), caractérisé en ce que ladite portion de joint est comprise dans l'espace annulaire délimité axialement par le bourrelet (38) et l'évasement (52) et radialement par la surface (30) du trou (20) et le tronçon tubulaire (14).8. - Heat exchanger according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the surface (30) of the hole (20) is delimited by a collar (28) depending on the collecting plate (22) and the portion (36) of the seal in the form of a tube interposed between the surface (30) of the hole (20) and the end portion (14), characterized in that said seal portion is included in the annular space delimited axially by the bead (38) and the flare (52) and radially by the surface (30) of the hole (20) and the tubular section (14). 9. - Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le bourrelet (38) s'étend sur toute la périphérie du tronçon d'extrémité (14).9. - Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bead (38) extends over the entire periphery of the end section (14). 10. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le bourrelet (38) s'étend en partie sur la périphérie du tronçon d'extrémité (14).10. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bead (38) extends in part on the periphery of the end section (14). 11. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'évasement (52) est un évasement localisé.11. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the flare (52) is a localized flare.
EP93401066A 1992-04-24 1993-04-23 Heat exchanger with tubes of oblong cross-section, especially for motor vehicles Withdrawn EP0567410A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9205111A FR2690515A1 (en) 1992-04-24 1992-04-24 Heat exchanger with oblong section tubes, in particular for motor vehicles.
FR9205111 1992-04-24

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EP (1) EP0567410A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06129793A (en)
BR (1) BR9301645A (en)
FR (1) FR2690515A1 (en)
MX (1) MX9302405A (en)

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FR2740366A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Behr Gmbh & Co ASSEMBLY OF A TUBULAR PLATE AND A TUBE AND METHOD AND A TOOL FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
EP0805331A2 (en) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-05 Sanden Corporation Multi-tube heat exchanger
DE19805439B4 (en) * 1998-02-11 2005-06-23 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for producing a stacked disk heat exchanger and heat exchanger produced thereby

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FR2740366A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Behr Gmbh & Co ASSEMBLY OF A TUBULAR PLATE AND A TUBE AND METHOD AND A TOOL FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
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EP0805331A2 (en) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-05 Sanden Corporation Multi-tube heat exchanger
EP0805331A3 (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-07-08 Sanden Corporation Multi-tube heat exchanger
DE19805439B4 (en) * 1998-02-11 2005-06-23 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for producing a stacked disk heat exchanger and heat exchanger produced thereby

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BR9301645A (en) 1993-10-26
JPH06129793A (en) 1994-05-13
US5348082A (en) 1994-09-20
MX9302405A (en) 1994-05-31

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