EP0765492A1 - Systeme electro-optique - Google Patents

Systeme electro-optique

Info

Publication number
EP0765492A1
EP0765492A1 EP95921812A EP95921812A EP0765492A1 EP 0765492 A1 EP0765492 A1 EP 0765492A1 EP 95921812 A EP95921812 A EP 95921812A EP 95921812 A EP95921812 A EP 95921812A EP 0765492 A1 EP0765492 A1 EP 0765492A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orientation
liquid crystal
layer
layers
electro
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95921812A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Finkenzeller
Edgar Böhm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Publication of EP0765492A1 publication Critical patent/EP0765492A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G02F1/133757—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different alignment orientations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133765—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers without a surface treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electro-optical system containing one
  • Liquid crystal layer between two substrates which are provided with electrode layers and orientation layers arranged above them.
  • Electro-optic liquid crystal systems usually require an edge orientation of the molecules.
  • the electrode layers and possibly other layers such as Color filter layers, insulating layers, compensating layers, etc. provided substrates with an orientation layer which is in direct contact with the liquid crystal layer and forces the liquid crystal molecules on their molecular orientation as a preferred direction.
  • planar also referred to as homogeneous
  • homeotropic orientation whereby the preferred direction can be tilted by an angle of attack or tilt against the substrate plane or against the normal of the substrate plane; in the former case one speaks of tilted-planar orientation, while the latter case is referred to as killed-homeotropic.
  • a further distinction is made between low-tilt and high-tilt orientation.
  • a planar orientation is obtained when the evaporation source forms an angle of approximately 30 ° with the substrate plane; on the other hand, if the SiO evaporation source is arranged at a grazing angle with respect to the substrate plane, a high-tilt orientation layer is formed.
  • the most common method currently used in the industrial production of electro-optic liquid crystal displays is that a thin polymer layer is applied to the substrate, which is then rubbed under pressure using, for example, a cloth or similar materials stretched on a roller, thereby determining the preferred direction and a tilt Angle is induced.
  • Various polymer materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyimides can be used, the latter being very common due to their good chemical and thermal stability.
  • a polyimide film is applied to the substrate provided with electrode layers and possibly further layers, e.g. by spin coating in a thin layer of e.g. 30-100 nm applied and hardened at 150-250 ° C. Then the layer is
  • Tilted-planar orientation films are obtained with polyimide orientation films, the tilt angle typically being 1-8 ° or more.
  • Homeotropic surface orientations can e.g. can be obtained by coating with polyimides, lecithin or quaternary ammonium compounds; chromium complexes or silane compounds have also been proposed.
  • a tied-homeotropic orientation can e.g. are obtained by rubbing a homeotropic orientation layer or by applying surface-active substances to a planar-poised orientation layer.
  • oriented photopolymer coatings as orientation layers, these generally inducing a planar or Iow-tilt orientation.
  • photopolymers such as poly (vinyl-4-methoxycinnamate) are applied to a substrate provided with an electrode and then irradiated with linearly polarized light.
  • oriented photopolymer coatings Schadt et al.
  • a hybrid liquid crystal display which has pixels with different twist values of the liquid crystal.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to specify new orientation layers and thus to enlarge the range of orientation layers available to the person skilled in the art.
  • the present invention was also based on the object of specifying new electro-optical liquid crystal systems which contain such orientation layers. Other objects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description below.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing multidirectional, ie two or more preferred orientation layers, which is characterized in that a photocurable precursor of the orientation layer is applied to a substrate and subsequently subjected to linearly polarized light at 2 or more different azimuth angles ⁇ . The exposure can take place alternately at the corresponding azimuth angles or at the same time when light is irradiated with two or more preferred directions of linear polarization.
  • the invention further relates multidirectional orientation layers and electro-optic liquid crystal systems, containing a liquid crystal layer between 2 substrates, which are provided with electrodes and orientation layers arranged above them, at least one of the orientation layers being multidirectionally oriented.
  • the precursor of the photocurable orientation layer is applied to a substrate.
  • the substrate preferably has a flat surface and can be made of various materials such as e.g. Metal, glass, quartz glass or plastic exist, with transparent substrates being preferred. Substrates coated with electrodes are particularly preferred, the
  • Electrode coatings can consist, for example, of structured or unstructured tin oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO) and, in particular, can also have active switching elements such as TFTs (thin film transistors) or MIMs (metal insulator metal).
  • the substrates coated with electrodes and subsequently provided with multidirectional orientation layers can be used for the production of electro-optical liquid crystal elements which can be controlled statically, passively, actively or also according to the so-called in-plane switching method (DE 40 00451).
  • the substrates can also have further coatings, such as, for example, color filter coatings, separator layers which act as diffusion barriers, the order of these coatings being largely free to choose.
  • the precursor of the photocurable orientation layer contains one or more photopolymers or oligomers which are essentially linear and whose degree of polymerization is preferably at least 5, in particular at least 10 and very particularly at least 20.
  • photopolymers or oligomers denotes photoreactive
  • crosslinking reaction can be carried out in various ways. So it is e.g. possible that the precursor of the orientation layer in addition to substantially linear photo oligomers and / or
  • -polymeric, bifunctional, photoreactive additives such as Contains bisazide.
  • An example is the reaction of polydienes with 4-alkyl-2,5-bis (p-azidobenzal) cyclohexanone, which has a maximum absorption at 365 nm.
  • the crosslinking reaction can further be based on the linking of photopolymerizable groups which are contained in the essentially linear photooligomers and / or polymers of the precursor of the orientation layer.
  • the photopolymerizable groups can be used both in the essentially linear photo-oligomers or polymers of the precursor of the orientation layer (main chain connections) or also in side groups which are attached laterally to the essentially linear photo oligomers or polymers (side chain connections).
  • photopolymerizable compounds which contain photopolymerizable groups in the main and side chain linkage.
  • the polymer backbone of the photopolymerizable side chain compounds is preferably based on C-C main chains, it being possible in particular to use poly or oligovinyls and poly- or oligoacrylates and their derivatives. Also preferred are polymers or oligomers with heteroatoms in the main chain, for example poly- or oligoethers, esters, amides, imides, urethanes and siloxanes. Photopolymerizable groups PPG are attached to the polymer backbone - (P) - directly or via a spacer Sp.
  • the spacer groups Sp and the photopolymerizable groups PPG can influence the distance between adjacent preferred lines in the hardened orientation layer.
  • the distance between adjacent preferred lines can be influenced by the structure of the crosslinker molecule.
  • the photooligomer and / or polymer of the precursor of the orientation layer are preferably in a solvent such as e.g. Dissolved methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, toluene or other solvents, optionally a crosslinker component and / or also others
  • a solvent such as e.g. Dissolved methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, toluene or other solvents, optionally a crosslinker component and / or also others
  • Additives such as Adhesion promoter can be added. It is also possible to mix the components of the precursor with one another without the addition of a solvent, if appropriate with gentle heating.
  • the precursor is then applied to the optionally precoated substrate e.g. applied by knife coating and in particular by spin coating. Then the solvent component is preferably heated by heating to temperatures e.g. 50-100 ° C removed.
  • the thickness of the precursor layer is between 20 and 300 and preferably between 40 and 100 nm.
  • the precursor layer is then irradiated with linearly polarized light, preferably using monochromatic light which is matched to the maximum absorption wavelength of the photopolymerizable group or compound.
  • the precursor is irradiated with linearly polarized light at different azimuth angles ⁇ .
  • the angle crest of a second irradiation direction in relation to a first irradiation direction is the angle in the substrate plane which results when the radiation sources are each connected to the mean normal of the substrate. Irradiation with linearly polarized light at different angles ⁇ can take place both simultaneously and in succession, but preferably simultaneously.
  • a plurality of continuous lines of preference are produced, which extend over the entire display without further structuring, while that of Schadt et al. in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1992) 2155 proposed masking technique for generating pixels with different twist.
  • the radiation power assigned to the individual radiation directions can be selected both simultaneously and differently, as a result of which the relative proportion of the different preferred directions in the orientation layer can be varied.
  • the irradiation power is typically between 5 and 50 mW / cm 2 , although deviations from these values are also possible.
  • the irradiation time is generally between 1 min or less and 60 min, in particular between 1-5 min, although deviations from these values are also possible here.
  • the arrangement of the linearly polarized light sources with respect to the substrate plane which is indicated by the height angle ⁇ (angle between the substrate plane and the light source connecting line and the intersection of the normal to the substrate plane), is not very critical and in a further range, for example between 10 and 90 ° (0 ° corresponds to grazing light).
  • the pretilt angle of the orientation layers according to the invention which is typically between 0 ° and 5 °, can only be influenced insignificantly by the variation in the height angle ⁇ .
  • the stability of the hardened orientation layers can generally be improved if the precursor of the orientation layer applied to the substrate before exposure to linearly polarized light and / or after exposure to linearly polarized light, with unpolarized light (power e.g. 500-5000 mW / cm 2 ) is irradiated.
  • a final heat treatment of the orientation layer at temperatures between 50 and 120 ° C. and a treatment time between 15 and a few hours is generally advantageous.
  • the multidirectional orientation layers according to the invention preferably have 2-15, in particular 2-8, particularly preferably at least 2 and very particularly at least 3 preferred directions.
  • orientation layers according to the invention are preferably used for the production of liquid crystal displays. However, applications are also possible in micro-optics, integrated optics, in connection with optical sensors and elsewhere.
  • the orientation layers according to the invention can be used particularly preferably for the production of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays according to the SSFLC principle specified by Lagerwall.
  • the liquid crystal layer has an SmC * phase, as a result of which the liquid crystal molecules have a tilt angle of + ⁇ or - ⁇ on the substrate surfaces.
  • This surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules continues due to the very small thickness of the liquid crystal layer of typically less than 3 ⁇ m through the entire liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal can be switched between 2 bistable states with + ⁇ and - ⁇ ("bookshelf geometry"). It has been found that the stability of the two switching states can be increased if the substrates have bidirectional orientation layers, the two preferred directions of which have been obtained by irradiation with 2 linearly polarized light sources which are mutually opposite
  • liquid crystal displays with orientation layers according to the invention which contain nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals.
  • a twisted nematic cell which contains a doped liquid crystal is particularly preferred, the pitch length of the liquid crystal being highly temperature-dependent.
  • the substrate plates have a multidirectional orientation and force the liquid crystal at a certain temperature as a function of the doping to a certain twist value. If the temperature changes, the pitch length of the liquid crystal changes and the twist jumps discretely if an energetically preferred twist state is defined for the changed pitch length p (T) by the orientation layers.
  • the change in the twist causes a change in transmission, so that the arrangement works as a discrete thermometer. It represents one without the inventive for the expert
  • Routine task to be solved is to adapt the preferred directions of the multidirectional orientation layers, the total concentration of the dopant and its temperature dependency so that a desired temperature display, e.g. the display of 10 K jumps results.
  • the orientation layers according to the invention are preferably used for the production of liquid crystal displays, whereby they enable the improvement of conventional displays and also the realization of completely new displays.
  • the orientation layers according to the invention are therefore of considerable economic importance.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un procédé de production de couches d'orientation multidirectionnelles, on applique sur un substrat un précurseur photodurcissable de la couche d'orientation qui contient un ou plusieurs photopolymères et/ou photo-oligomères sensiblement linéaires, puis on applique au précurseur une lumière linéairement polarisée sous au moins 2 angles azimutaux Ø différents. L'invention concerne également les couches d'orientation multidirectionnelles obtenues selon ce procédé.
EP95921812A 1994-06-13 1995-06-02 Systeme electro-optique Withdrawn EP0765492A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4420585 1994-06-13
DE4420585A DE4420585A1 (de) 1994-06-13 1994-06-13 Elektrooptisches System
PCT/EP1995/002096 WO1995034843A1 (fr) 1994-06-13 1995-06-02 Systeme electro-optique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0765492A1 true EP0765492A1 (fr) 1997-04-02

Family

ID=6520451

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95921812A Withdrawn EP0765492A1 (fr) 1994-06-13 1995-06-02 Systeme electro-optique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0765492A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4420585A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995034843A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995034843A1 (fr) 1995-12-21
DE4420585A1 (de) 1995-12-14

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