EP0763833B1 - Fahrzeug-Transformator - Google Patents
Fahrzeug-Transformator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0763833B1 EP0763833B1 EP96114387A EP96114387A EP0763833B1 EP 0763833 B1 EP0763833 B1 EP 0763833B1 EP 96114387 A EP96114387 A EP 96114387A EP 96114387 A EP96114387 A EP 96114387A EP 0763833 B1 EP0763833 B1 EP 0763833B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- winding
- tappings
- transformer
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
- H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
- H01F27/385—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings for reducing harmonics
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle transformer for an electrically powered vehicle.
- Electric locomotives and railcars for alternating current railways usually have a transformer on the input side.
- Modern vehicles have power converters for drive control connected to the secondary side of the transformer.
- the clock frequency of the network side results Power converters undesirable higher harmonics in the vehicle's mains current, their frequency extends into the audio frequency range.
- the invention has for its object a vehicle transformer for an electrically driven Specify vehicle with interference current filter with which the effort for interference current filtering is reduced.
- EP-A-0 149 169 known a converter transformer, in a 3-winding transformer between a primary winding as an outer winding and a secondary winding Equalization winding to provide a better filtering effect for disturbing harmonic currents especially in a high voltage direct current transmission system to reach.
- the primary winding is for connection to an AC network determines the secondary winding for connection to a power converter and the compensation winding for connection to a filter circuit for screening undesirable Harmonic currents.
- one can further compensation winding can be provided as an inner winding.
- At a 4 Winding transformers are two winding arrangements with two parallel ones Primary windings as external windings, each with a separate secondary winding and one equalization winding between the primary and secondary winding provided, the two compensation windings are connected in series.
- the advantages that can be achieved with the invention are in particular that the large transformer in the vehicle realized inductance is used for interference current filtering. Corresponding the filter capacity required to achieve the desired natural frequency can be smaller to get voted. This reduces the losses. The components of the interference current filter no longer have to be designed for high voltage. Total result considerable advantages due to the reduction in space requirements to be achieved, the weight reduction and cost reduction.
- Fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram for a transformer with a filter on a special filter winding shown. Due to a special interference current filter winding FiW between primary and secondary windings, the large inductance realized in the transformer for the Use filtering. The voltage on this special filter winding can be selected in this way (preferably ⁇ 1000 V) that the filter can no longer be designed for high voltage got to.
- the transformer short-circuit inductance LT of Fig. 8 now replaced by inductors L1 + L2.
- the Share L1 are in the range of 30% to 70% of LT.
- L1 is a multiple of that hitherto realizable additional filter inductance LF * according to FIG. 8.
- the filter capacity can be dimensioned and in addition a lower one can nevertheless Natural filter frequency and thus a further attenuation of the interference currents achieved become.
- the input impedance of the overall circuit is reduced less by this filter.
- FIGS. 2a to 2c Possible configurations of the filter are shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c.
- the equivalent circuit is referred to the primary side, all filter elements used here are in the Reality with the square of the gear ratio between filter winding and Think high voltage winding.
- Fig. 2a shows the simple CF-RF filter, with filter capacitor CF and filter resistor RF. If the inductance Lfi is almost zero, the filter causes a drop TR (f) with 1 / f 2 above its natural frequency. At the natural frequency into which the parallel connection of the inductors L1, L2 and the filter capacitor CF are included for ZO ⁇ L1, the filter increases TR, and the more the filter attenuates the filter resistor RF, the more so.
- a combination of the suction circuit effect with a stronger attenuation at higher frequencies is by equipping the filter with a parallel resistor RP to LF reached according to Fig. 2c.
- the desired effect of the filter winding and the filter on the network side is from the Equivalent circuit diagram in Fig. 1 and 2a to 2c fully derivable.
- the n four-quadrant converter working with offset clocking on the same transformer is only the mean of the n voltages as the resulting actuator voltage VAT. If necessary, asymmetries are also caused by something different Considerations of the individual stresses in the averaging.
- the number n of four-quadrant actuators and associated transformer windings can usually be 2, 3, 4 or 6.
- the equivalent circuit does not show the circuits of the n individual four-quadrant and the influence of the filter on them.
- the n four-quadrant digits are evenly offset clocked so that their low clock frequency harmonics (below the extinguish the n-fold frequency of a four-quadrant actuator) towards the network as far as possible.
- the lower current harmonics are most pronounced in transformer windings out. In this case, the inductance that limits them is only n • L2 between the four-quadrant controller and filter node while it is without the filter node n • LT. This means, these dominant current harmonics become about twice as much through the filter node large.
- the filter winding takes up space in the winding window and thus enlarges the transformer.
- the OS winding is designed as a layer winding, can instead of an additional filter winding opposite the US winding, on The first layer of the OS winding to be connected is used as a filter winding become.
- Fig. 6a stands for all filter modifications, as shown in Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c.
- FIG. 9 shows an alternative to the arrangement according to FIG. 6a without a suction throttle.
- the suction throttle SD is omitted and each filter tap F1, F2 of the high-voltage winding is with its own filter (Filter modifications see Fig. 2a to 2c) connected.
- Each of the two filters affects all Harmonics of the assigned actuator. In comparison to the circuits according to FIG. 4 and 6a there are higher losses in the filter resistors.
- the filter is very simple when the Filter resistor is split into two parts with 2 • RF and at the same time the task of Power sharing with takes over. It is accepted that the series connection 4 • RF the differential voltage of the taps F1 and F2 is present and generates additional losses. Because with a small filter, the filter resistance RF can be comparatively large, that is justifiable.
- This idea can also be transferred well to systems with n> 2, as shown in FIG. 7b.
- the filter resistance is divided into n parts with n • RF each.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
- Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Description
- Alle Filterelemente sind auf der Primärseite des Transformators und müssen also hochspannungsmäßig ausgelegt und gestaltet werden. Dies ist besonders aufwendig für die vom Hauptstrom durchflossene Filterdrossel.
- Die kleine realisierbare Filterinduktivität LF* zieht eine entsprechend große Filterkapazität CF* nach sich, um die gewünschte Eigenfrequenz zu erreichen. Sie bedingt entsprechend große Verluste im Dämpfungswiderstand RF* schon allein durch den Grundschwingungs-Ladestrom.
- Das Filter erniedrigt die Eingangsimpedanz des Fahrzeuges und kann beim Vorhandensein von Harmonischen in der Netzspannung den Störstrom sogar erhöhen.
- Fig. 1
- ein Ersatzschaltbild für einen Transformator mit Filter an einer eigenen Filterwicklung,
- Fig. 2a, b,c
- Filterschaltungen zur Figur 1,
- Fig. 3
- die Benutzung einer Lage der Oberspannungswicklung für den Filteranschluß (Sparschaltung),
- Fig. 4
- ein Schema eines Transformators mit Filteranschlüssen in Sparschaltung ("Zweiwickler"),
- Fig. 5
- einen Filteranschluß über Saugdrosseln an einen Transformator ("Vierwickler") in Sparschaltung,
- Fig. 6a, b, c
- eine Integration von Saugdrossel und Filterdrossel,
- Fig. 7a, b
- ein Einfachfilter für einen Transformator mit Filterwicklungssparschaltung,
- Fig. 8
- ein Ersatzschaltbild für einen Transformator mit separatem Störstromfilter (= Stand der Technik),
- Fig. 9
- eine Alternative zur Anordnung nach Fig. 6a ohne Saugdrossel.
- a)
- bei einer Transformatorkonstruktion mit negativer Induktivität Lfi diese Induktivität zu kompensieren und so auf die mit Fig. 8 gleichwertige Struktur zu kommen (also LF+LFi=0),
- b)
- dem Filter Saugkreisverhalten zu verleihen und damit bei der durch LF+LFi mit CF gegebenen Frequenz bereits eine besonders große Abschwächung zu erzielen. Diese Frequenz kann in den Bereich gelegt werden, in dem die Harmonischen besonders groß sind oder besonders stören. Erkauft wird dies damit, daß oberhalb dieser Frequenz die Abschwächung zwar auf einem niedrigeren Niveau als ohne Filter, aber nur noch mit TR(f)~1/f geht.
Claims (12)
- Fahrzeug Transformator für ein elektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine im Transformator integrierte Störstromfilterwicklung (FiW), die eine oder mehrere Lagen der Oberspannungswicklung nutzt, die der Unterspannungswicklung benachbart sind, wodurch hinsichtlich der Störstromfilterwicklung eine Spartransformatorschaltung gebildet wird. wobei an den Filterwicklungsanschlüssen (Fi, F1....Fn) mindestens ein Filter angeschlossen ist, das aus der Reihenschaltung mindestens eines Filterwiderstandes (RF) und eines Filterkondensators (TF) besteht.
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei durch die Spartransformatorschaltung gebildete Filterabgriffe (F1, F2) über eine Saugdrossel (SD) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der Anschluß für das Filter durch den Mittenabgriff der Saugdrossel gebildet wird (Fig. 6a).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei vier durch die Spartransformatorschaltung gebildeten Filterabgriffen (F1, F2, F3, F4) jeweils zwei Filterabgriffe (F1 und F2, F3 und F4) über eine Saugdrossel (SD1, SD2) miteinander verbunden sind und daß die Mittenabgriffe dieser beiden Saugdrosseln mit einer dritten Saugdrossel (SD3) verbunden sind, deren Mittenabgriff den Anschluß für das Filter bildet (Fig.5.).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei (n=2,3,4,...) durch die Spartransformatorschaltung gebildeten Filterabgriffen (F1, F2, F3, F4....Fn) jeweils die n Filterabgriffe über eine Drossel (D1....Dn) mit einem gemeinsamen Knotenpunkt verbunden sind, wobei der Anschluß für das Filter durch den gemeinsamen Verbindungspunkt aller Drosseln gebildet wird (Fig.6c).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei durch die Spartransformatorschaltung gebildete Filterabgriffe (F1, F2) über zwei gleiche Teilwiderstände (2RF) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der Anschluß für das Filter durch den gemeinsamen Verbindungspunkt beider Teilwiderstände gebildet wird (Fig. 7a).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei n (n=3,4,..) durch die Spartransformatorschaltung gebildeten Filterabgriffen (F1, F2, F3, F4...Fn) jeweils die n Filterabgriffe über n gleiche Teilwiderstände (nRF) mit einem gemeinsamen Knotenpunkt verbunden sind, wobei der Anschluß für das Filter durch den gemeinsamen Verbindungspunkt aller Teilwiderstände gebildet wird (Fig. 7b).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilwiderstände (2RF, nRF) zugleich die Funktion des Filterwiderstandes (RF) erfüllen.
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei durch die Spartransformatorschaltung gebildete Filterabgriffe (F1, F2, F3, F4...Fn) direkt miteinander verbunden sind, um den Anschluß für das Filter zu bilden.
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filter zusätzlich eine in Reihe geschaltete Filterdrossel (LF) aufweist (Fig. 2b).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß parallel zur Filterdrossel (LF) ein Parallelwiderstand (RP) angeordnet ist (Fig. 2c).
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß verschiedene Filter oder für verschiedene Frequenzen dimensionierte Filter parallelgeschaltet sind.
- Fahrzeug Transformator nach Anspruch 2, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mindestens eine Saugdrossel bzw. Drossel (SD, SD1, SD2, SD3, D1...Dn) zugleich die Funktion der Filterdrossel (LF) erfüllt (Fig. 6a).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19533988 | 1995-09-14 | ||
DE19533988 | 1995-09-14 | ||
DE19605423 | 1996-02-14 | ||
DE19605423A DE19605423A1 (de) | 1995-09-14 | 1996-02-14 | Transformator für ein elektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0763833A2 EP0763833A2 (de) | 1997-03-19 |
EP0763833A3 EP0763833A3 (de) | 1997-08-06 |
EP0763833B1 true EP0763833B1 (de) | 2001-12-12 |
EP0763833B2 EP0763833B2 (de) | 2012-12-05 |
Family
ID=26018562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96114387A Expired - Lifetime EP0763833B2 (de) | 1995-09-14 | 1996-09-09 | Fahrzeug-Transformator |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0763833B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE210882T1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19736614A1 (de) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-02-25 | Asea Brown Boveri | Wechselrichter |
FR2780548B1 (fr) † | 1998-06-29 | 2001-02-23 | Alsthom Gec | Ensemble d'alimentation electrique d'une charge a partir d'une source d'energie et locomotive equipee d'un tel ensemble |
GB2408634A (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-01 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Traction transformer with primary and filter windings connected in series |
FR2881266B1 (fr) | 2005-01-27 | 2007-03-09 | Areva T & D Sa | Transformateur pour vehicule moteur multicourant |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1809895A (en) † | 1928-10-08 | 1931-06-16 | Frazer W Gay | Protective system for transformers |
US3710284A (en) * | 1971-03-01 | 1973-01-09 | Asea Ab | Harmonic filter |
US4581573A (en) * | 1984-01-13 | 1986-04-08 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited | Static converter transformer with harmonic filter |
ES2020972B3 (es) † | 1986-07-30 | 1991-10-16 | Siemens Ag | Colocacion de interruptor para transformadores grandes de potencia. |
JPS63121402A (ja) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-05-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 電気車制御装置 |
SU1488918A1 (ru) † | 1987-11-18 | 1989-06-23 | Inst Elektrodinamiki | Фильтр |
-
1996
- 1996-09-09 AT AT96114387T patent/ATE210882T1/de active
- 1996-09-09 EP EP96114387A patent/EP0763833B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE210882T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
EP0763833B2 (de) | 2012-12-05 |
EP0763833A3 (de) | 1997-08-06 |
EP0763833A2 (de) | 1997-03-19 |
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