EP0761020B1 - Systeme de signalisation electronique modulaire - Google Patents

Systeme de signalisation electronique modulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0761020B1
EP0761020B1 EP95920600A EP95920600A EP0761020B1 EP 0761020 B1 EP0761020 B1 EP 0761020B1 EP 95920600 A EP95920600 A EP 95920600A EP 95920600 A EP95920600 A EP 95920600A EP 0761020 B1 EP0761020 B1 EP 0761020B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric substrate
antenna portion
aperture
substrate
conductive substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95920600A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0761020A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Bantli
Edmund J. Ring
Stephen Hom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Publication of EP0761020A1 publication Critical patent/EP0761020A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0761020B1 publication Critical patent/EP0761020B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3283—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle side-mounted antennas, e.g. bumper-mounted, door-mounted
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to microstrip antenna systems. More specifically, this invention relates to a removable electromagnetic connection system for microstrip antennas, electronic signs and electronic license plates. This invention further relates to modular integrated electronic signs.
  • Electronic sign systems or electronic license plate systems for roadside to vehicle communication or vehicle to vehicle communication are being developed as the need for more advanced and efficient traffic management arises.
  • These systems typically employ visual information for drivers to read, such as traditional license plate information or road condition information, as well as electronic or electromagnetic information, which is transmitted from one antenna system to another.
  • a first antenna system transmits information associated with a road sign, such as a STOP sign
  • a second antenna system located within a vehicle receives the information and communicates it to the driver, either audibly, through a speaker within the vehicle, or visibly, through a display located in the vehicle.
  • Such systems can transmit redundant information, thereby attempting to ensure all drivers receive the information, even in poor weather conditions where visibility is poor or if drivers have deteriorating eyesight.
  • the systems are also capable of transmitting variable information, depending on the circumstances.
  • a first antenna system is located within a first vehicle.
  • the first antenna system may transmit redundant information associated with traditional license plates, such as a vehicles unique alphanumeric identifier, the state in which the vehicle is registered, and the date the registration expires.
  • the first antenna system can further transmit additional information, such as the validity of required on-board documents, such as insurance, registration or emission certificates.
  • Electronic license plate and sign systems may utilize their electronic communication capabilities for a variety of other purposes, including automatic restriction of areas to certain vehicles, traffic control, vehicle theft protection, toll collection, collision avoidance and emergency message communication.
  • the electronic license plates or signs may have a relatively simple configuration or a more complex configuration.
  • the simplest system would be a passive, backscatter system which provided essentially the same information as that provided visually by present license plates. Such a system could also indicate the existence and validity of other on-board documents.
  • More complex systems could include WORM-type (write-once-read-many) memories or RAM-type (random access memory) read-write memories, depending on the complexity of the application.
  • microstrip antennas are well-suited for electronic signing applications because of their low profile.
  • a simple microstrip antenna typically consists of a rectangular metallic patch printed on a thin, grounded dielectric substrate with a coaxial probe feed through the bottom of the substrate.
  • Alternative feeding methods have been developed which utilize noncontacting feed structures.
  • a noncontacting feed is a aperture coupled microstrip antenna. This antenna uses two parallel dielectric substrates separated by a ground plane. A microstrip feed line on the bottom substrate is coupled through a small aperture in the ground plane to a microstrip patch on the top substrate. A coaxial line then feeds the microstrip feed line.
  • a coaxial connector is connected to the microstrip feed line, thereby providing an electrical connection.
  • the external modules are then electrically connected at the other end of the coaxial line.
  • Electronic signs and license plates are exposed to temperature and weather extremes, and thus the connection to the electronic signs most likely break at the physical coaxial connection, the weakest point structurally in the connection scheme. Therefore, it is desirable for a more reliable connection scheme for electronic signs.
  • a modular electronic sign For example, in a configuration where a connector has not been connected to the electronic sign, the sign continues to communicate information visually. When the connector has been connected to the electronic sign, however, the sign communicates information both electronically and visually. Further, in another configuration, by connecting different connectors, different electronic information may be transmitted. Modular signs reduce cost because as different electronics are connected to the sign, for purposes such as transmitting different messages, for advances in electronics, or for maintenace or repairs, only a portion of the sign may be changed without changing the entire sign. For example, in electronic signs utilizing coaxial connectors, the entire antenna, feed structure and possibly the electronics all reside in a single unit contained within the sign. Therefore, to perform maintenance, the coaxial connector is removed and the entire sign is taken down.
  • Microstrip antenna systems have been integrated into retroreflective signs and license plates, as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/196,294 to Bantli et al., filed February 11, 1994. It is preferable to integrate an antenna or receiver with a road sign to prevent obstacle congestion on the road side, to be able to use existing infrastructure to implement the electronic road signs, for ease of installation, to reduce cost and for safety considerations. Similarly, it is preferable to integrate an antenna or receiver with a license plate for ease of installation, for the ability to use existing structures on vehicles for installation, to optimize antenna location for low power communication between the roadside and the vehicle and to ensure that the visual and electronic information is consistent.
  • the present invention provides a removable electromagnetic connection system for microstrip antennas.
  • the microstrip antenna system includes a first antenna portion, a second antenna portion and a connector for removably connecting the first and second antenna portions.
  • the first antenna portion includes a microstrip patch mounted on a dielectric substrate.
  • the other side of the dielectric substrate has a first conductive substrate acting as a ground plane for the microstrip patch, the ground plane having an opening aligned with the microstrip patch.
  • the second antenna portion has a second conductive substrate on a second dielectric substrate, the second conductive substrate having an aperture therethrough, the aperture aligned with the opening in the first conductive substrate.
  • the second dielectric substrate has a microstrip transmission line on the other side for a feed structure.
  • the opening in the first conductive substrate is sized to accomodate the aperture such that when the connector connects the first and second antenna portions, the aperture electromagnetically couples the microstrip patch and the microstrip transmission line.
  • Such a microstrip antenna system is particularly useful in application such as electronic signs and electronic license plates.
  • the present invention provides a removable electromagnetic connection system for microstrip antennas which may be utilized in modular integrated electronic license plate and sign systems.
  • Integrated electronic signs 2 in the form of a STOP sign and a street sign, communicate information to drivers of vehicles both visually and electromagnetically.
  • Signs 2 are connected by cable 4 to interface unit 6, which may include a power source, electronics or a communication interface with a central traffic management center.
  • Interface unit 6 is preferably buried in the ground to avoid congesting the roadside and to protect the components within the unit.
  • Vehicles in the form of bus 10 and truck 12 include integrated electronic signage in the form of license plates (not shown. ) Antennas within signs 2 radiate fields 8, which communicate information electromagnetically.
  • the electronic license plate of bus 10 is interactive, with a receive and a send mode, and radiates field 14 when sending information electromagnetically.
  • the electronic license plate of truck 12 includes a less complex antenna system such as a passive backscatter system, and does not radiate a field.
  • FIGS. 2, 2A and 2B a front view, a side cross-sectional view and an exploded view of modular integrated electronic sign 2, in the form of a STOP sign, are shown.
  • Modular integrated electronic sign 2 is separated into a display portion 16 and a modular interface portion 18.
  • Display portion 16 attaches to existing sign infrastructure, such as poles.
  • Display portion 16 of sign 2 conveys information visually by printed information 20.
  • printed information 20 is placed on a retroreflective surface, such as retroreflective sheeting 22, to enhance the ability of the driver to locate and read the printed information on the sign at night.
  • microstrip patch 24 is printed, etched, laminated or secured using other standard techniques, onto dielectric substrate 26 and is spaced from ground plane 28 by dielectric substrate 26.
  • microstrip patch may be adhesive backed copper film secured to a foam dielectric with a dielectric constant of 1.1.
  • Ground plane 28 may be any suitable conductive substrate, such as copper or aluminum. It is well known in the art that more than one microstrip patch, or an array of patches may be used as radiating elements.
  • Ground plane 28 includes hole 30 which is aligned with microstrip patch 24.
  • Interface portion 18 of modular integrated electronic sign 2 provides a feed network for the microstrip antenna as well as providing an interface to external components for display portion 16, such as to a power source and electronics.
  • the feed network of interface portion 18 couples the radiating elements 24 or the antenna to a microstrip transmission line by aperture coupling.
  • Interface portion 18 includes aperture plate 40, constructed of a conductive substrate, such as copper.
  • Aperture plate 40 is sized to minimally cover hole 30 in ground plane 28, and to preferably cover and extend beyond hole 30 to provide a continuous ground plane.
  • Aperture plate 40 includes an aperture 42 therethrough, aperture 42 being aligned with hole 30. Hole 30 is sized to accommodate aperture 42.
  • Aperture plate 40 may be etched, printed, laminated, or secured using other standard techniques onto dielectric substrate 44.
  • Dielectric substrate 26 preferably is a relatively thick substrate with a low dielectric constant while dielectric substrate 44, on the other hand, preferably is a thinner substrate with a higher dielectric constant.
  • dielectric substrate 44 can be a glass-filled polyester printed circuit board with a dielectric constant of 4.3, plated with copper on both sides. If plated on both sides, aperture 42 in aperture plate 40 can be etched from the copper plating on dielectric substrate 44.
  • microstrip transmission line 50 can be etched from the copper plating on the side opposite aperture plate 40 on dielectric substrate 44.
  • Aperture 42 allows for electromagnetic coupling of microstrip patch 24 to transmission line 50.
  • Aperture 42 is preferably a rectangular slot and sized based on the physical size of microstrip patch 24 and transmission line 50, the material used for dielectric substrates 26 and 44, and the frequency of transmission.
  • Transmission line 50 preferably has the form of an open circuit stub, placed for optimum coupling, usually centered over the aperture, and extends approximately one-quarter of a wavelength past aperture 42. The width of transmission line 50 depends on the material used for dielectric substrate 44, as well as matching the characteristic impedance of any external electronics.
  • Coaxial cable 52 may be connected to transmission line 50 and grounded on conductive aperture plate 40.
  • protective cover 64 surrounds the feed structure.
  • Cover 18 may be any suitable material, such as a metal, for example aluminum, or plastic.
  • gasket 62 provides a seal between protective cover 64 and display portion 16 of sign 2.
  • Spring 60 ensures aperture 42 is properly aligned with hole 30 in ground plane 28 and microstrip patch 24.
  • spring 60 includes ribs 66 and 66A to vertically position aperture plate 40.
  • spring 60 provides transverse pressure, that is pressure perpendicular to the ground plane, thereby securely positioning aperture plate 40 against ground plane 28.
  • Spring 60 is preferably molded synthetic rubber, molded in a elongated "C" shape. While spring 60 is shown and described in Figures 4 and 4A, any means for securely positioning aperture plate 40 against ground plane 28 may be used.
  • display portion 16 and interface portion 18 of modular integrated electronic sign are fastened together using any appropriate disconnectable fasteners, for example, bolts, screws, clamps, latches, locks, or rivets.
  • microstrip patch 24 is electromagnetically coupled to microstrip transmission line 50.
  • coaxial connections are not as reliable due to breakage, the electromagnetic connection system of the present invention has a mechanically stable connection, thereby providing high reliability. Further, the connection is forgiving, as the precise alignment of the aperture and the transmission line is preassembled in the interface portion of the sign. The placement of the interface portion with respect to the display portion of the sign only requires that the aperture fits within the boundaries of the opening in the ground plane of the display portion of the sign.
  • Dielectric substrate 44 of interface portion 18 of modular electronic sign 2 is preferably a dual sided copper-plated glass-filled epoxy printed circuit board.
  • Aperture 42 may be etched out of one copper-plated side of dielectric substrate 44 to create aperture plate 40.
  • microstrip transmission line 50 may be etched.
  • surface mounted electronic components 70 may be mounted on dielectric substrate 44 with copper electrical connections etched as necessary.
  • power source 72 such as a battery, may further be mounted on dielectric substrate to make the system completely self-contained. In such a self-contained system, no connection to external modules is necessary and coaxial cable 52 is not needed.
  • coaxial cable 52 is electrically connected to transmission line 50 and electrical components 70.
  • Interface portion 18 includes protective cover 64, gasket 62 and spring 60, similar to the aforementioned embodiment.
  • Dielectric substrate 80 is only plated on a single side.
  • dielectric substrate 80 is a glass-filled epoxy plated on one side with copper. Plated side 82 may be etched to include transmission line 50 as well as any electrical connections for surface mounted electrical components.
  • Non-plated side 84 lies adjacent the ground plane of the display portion. Rather than having a larger hole in the ground plane, an aperture of precise proportions for electromagnetic coupling is included in the ground plane. Therefore, when non-plated side 84 lies adjacent the ground plane, the microstrip patch will be electromagnetically coupled to the microstrip transmission line 50.
  • Electronic license plate 100 has printed information 103 for the visual communication of information.
  • Display portion 101 of electronic license plate 100 may include retroreflective sheeting 102 for increased optical efficiency in reading printed information 103 on license plate 100.
  • Microstrip patch 106 is printed, etched or laminate onto dielectric substrate 108.
  • Ground plane 110 includes hole 112, suitably sized to allow aperture 122 of interface portion 120 of electronic license plate 100 to fit within its boundaries when interface portion 120 is fastened to display portion 101.
  • Interface portion 120 may be fastened to display portion 101 with any suitable fastener, for example, with bolts 124 such that aperture 122 is aligned with hole 112 and microstrip patch 106 and electromagnetically couples microstrip patch to transmission line 126.
  • the display portion need not include a ground plane, as shown in Figures 8, 8A and 8B.
  • conductive substrate 110 with aperture 122 is included in interface portion 120 of the electronic license plate 100.
  • Display portion 101 includes microstrip patch 106 and dielectric substrate 108.
  • cover 130 protects dielectric substrate 128 with transmission line 126 mounted thereon.
  • interface portion 120 may be larger, as conductive substrate 110 must be of sufficient size to function as the ground plane for microstrip patch 106.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Système d'antenne à microruban modulaire, ledit système comprenant:
    une première portion d'antenne (16) comprenant:
    un élément rayonnant (24) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté;
    un premier substrat diélectrique (26) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit élément rayonnant adjacent audit premier côté dudit premier substrat diélectrique; et
    un premier substrat conducteur (28) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit substrat diélectrique étant adjacent audit premier côté dudit premier substrat conducteur, ledit premier substrat conducteur ayant une ouverture (30) le traversant;
    une deuxième portion d'antenne (18) comprenant:
    un deuxième substrat conducteur (40) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté et une ouverture (42) le traversant, ledit premier côté dudit deuxième substrat conducteur ayant une aire supérieure à celle de ladite ouverture dans ledit premier substrat conducteur, ladite ouverture étant alignée avec ledit élément rayonnant;
    un deuxième substrat diélectrique (44) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit deuxième substrat conducteur étant adjacent audit premier côté dudit deuxième substrat diélectrique; et
    une ligne de transmission (50) adjacente audit deuxième côté dudit deuxième substrat diélectrique; et
    un moyen de connexion (52) pour relier de façon amovible ladite première portion d'antenne à ladite deuxième portion d'antenne.
  2. Système d'antenne à microruban modulaire, ledit système comprenant:
    une première portion d'antenne (16) comprenant:
    un élément rayonnant (24) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté;
    un premier substrat diélectrique (26) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit élément rayonnant étant adjacent audit premier côté dudit premier substrat diélectrique;
    un premier substrat conducteur (28) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit premier substrat diélectrique étant adjacent audit premier côté dudit premier substrat conducteur, ledit premier substrat conducteur ayant une ouverture (30) le traversant, ladite ouverture (30) étant alignée avec ledit élément rayonnant (24);
    une deuxième portion d'antenne (18) comprenant:
    un deuxième substrat diélectrique (80) ayant un premier côté (82) et un deuxième côté (84), ledit deuxième côté (84) dudit deuxième substrat diélectrique (80) étant adjacent audit deuxième côté dudit premier substrat conducteur; et
    une ligne de transmission (50) adjacente audit deuxième côté dudit deuxième substrat diélectrique; et
    un moyen de connexion (52) pour relier de façon amovible ladite première portion d'antenne à ladite deuxième portion d'antenne.
  3. Système d'antenne à microruban modulaire, ledit système comprenant:
    une première portion d'antenne (101) comprenant:
    un élément rayonnant (106) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté; et
    un premier substrat diélectrique (108) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit élément rayonnant étant adjacent audit premier côté dudit premier substrat diélectrique;
    une deuxième portion d'antenne (120) comprenant:
    un substrat conducteur (110) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté et une ouverture (122) le traversant, ledit premier côté dudit substrat conducteur ayant une aire supérieure à celle dudit élément rayonnant, ladite ouverture (122) étant alignée avec ledit élément rayonnant;
    un deuxième substrat diélectrique (128) ayant un premier côté et un deuxième côté, ledit deuxième côté dudit substrat conducteur étant adjacent audit premier côté dudit deuxième substrat diélectrique; et
    une ligne de transmission (126) adjacente audit deuxième côté dudit deuxième substrat diélectrique; et
    un moyen de connexion pour relier de façon amovible ladite première portion d'antenne à ladite deuxième portion d'antenne.
  4. Système selon les revendications 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel ladite deuxième portion d'antenne (18, 120) comprend de plus un cache protecteur.
  5. Système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ladite deuxième portion d'antenne (18, 120) comprend de plus un moyen de fixation pour fixer en position ledit deuxième substrat diélectrique (44, 80, 128) dans ledit cache protecteur et pour fixer ledit premier côté dudit deuxième substrat conducteur audit deuxième côté dudit premier substrat conducteur.
  6. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel ladite deuxième portion d'antenne (18, 120) comprend de plus un câble coaxial (52) relié à ladite ligne de transmission (50).
  7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel ladite deuxième portion d'antenne (18, 120) comprend de plus un moyen électronique.
  8. Système d'antenne modulaire selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit deuxième substrat diélectrique (44, 80, 128) est une carte de circuit imprimé, et dans lequel ledit moyen électronique est monté sur ladite carte de circuit imprimé.
  9. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la première portion d'antenne inclut de plus un moyen rétro-réfléchissant (22, 102) pour rétro-réfléchir la lumière incidente, ledit moyen rétro-réfléchissant ayant une information imprimée sur celui-ci en vue d'une communication visuelle de l'information.
EP95920600A 1994-05-23 1995-05-22 Systeme de signalisation electronique modulaire Expired - Lifetime EP0761020B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24764394A 1994-05-23 1994-05-23
US247643 1994-05-23
PCT/US1995/006448 WO1995032528A1 (fr) 1994-05-23 1995-05-22 Systeme de signalisation electronique modulaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0761020A1 EP0761020A1 (fr) 1997-03-12
EP0761020B1 true EP0761020B1 (fr) 1998-10-14

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EP95920600A Expired - Lifetime EP0761020B1 (fr) 1994-05-23 1995-05-22 Systeme de signalisation electronique modulaire

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0761020B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10500825A (fr)
KR (1) KR970703626A (fr)
AU (1) AU681525B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9507694A (fr)
CA (1) CA2189137A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69505373T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2122617T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995032528A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5844523A (en) * 1996-02-29 1998-12-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electrical and electromagnetic apparatuses using laminated structures having thermoplastic elastomeric and conductive layers
DE29606416U1 (de) * 1996-04-06 1996-06-27 Mekra Rangau Plastics GmbH & Co KG, 90765 Fürth Außenrückspiegel für Kraftfahrzeuge, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeuge
JP3255403B2 (ja) * 1998-12-24 2002-02-12 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション パッチアンテナおよびそれを用いた電子機器
ATE403912T1 (de) 2001-06-19 2008-08-15 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk Retroreflektives produkt, in dem eine integrierte schaltung versiegelt wird
NZ549173A (en) * 2006-08-15 2007-06-29 Times 7 Holdings Ltd Licence plate with integrated antenna
EP2530655A1 (fr) 2011-05-30 2012-12-05 Toll Collect GmbH Procédé d'installation d'un appareil de véhicule mobile et dispositif de véhicule doté d'un tel appareil de véhicule mobile
DE102018106432A1 (de) * 2018-03-20 2019-09-26 Erich Utsch Ag Anordnung aus einem Schild und einem das Schild tragenden Schildträger
DE102019211547A1 (de) * 2019-08-01 2021-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Steuergerät mit Antenne

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001822A (en) * 1974-05-28 1977-01-04 Rca Corporation Electronic license plate for motor vehicles
US4908615A (en) * 1987-06-26 1990-03-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Traffic light control system and method
AU624342B2 (en) * 1987-10-19 1992-06-11 Sony Corporation Microwave antenna structure
US4847625A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-07-11 Ford Aerospace Corporation Wideband, aperture-coupled microstrip antenna
KR920002227B1 (ko) * 1988-05-13 1992-03-20 야기 안테나 가부시끼가이샤 마이크로스트립 어레이 안테나
JPH0252506A (ja) * 1988-08-17 1990-02-22 Japan Radio Co Ltd マイクロストリップアンテナ
JPH03220802A (ja) * 1990-01-26 1991-09-30 Pioneer Electron Corp マイクロストリップアンテナ
US5512901A (en) * 1991-09-30 1996-04-30 Trw Inc. Built-in radiation structure for a millimeter wave radar sensor
JPH05183327A (ja) * 1991-12-26 1993-07-23 Maspro Denkoh Corp 車載用アンテナ
JP2777026B2 (ja) * 1992-08-10 1998-07-16 三菱電機株式会社 フェーズドアレイアンテナ装置
GB9220414D0 (en) * 1992-09-28 1992-11-11 Pilkington Plc Patch antenna assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2600195A (en) 1995-12-18
CA2189137A1 (fr) 1995-11-30
WO1995032528A1 (fr) 1995-11-30
DE69505373T2 (de) 1999-04-08
DE69505373D1 (de) 1998-11-19
KR970703626A (ko) 1997-07-03
ES2122617T3 (es) 1998-12-16
BR9507694A (pt) 1997-09-23
EP0761020A1 (fr) 1997-03-12
JPH10500825A (ja) 1998-01-20
AU681525B2 (en) 1997-08-28

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